fs/gfs2/aops.c

/*
 * Copyright (C) Sistina Software, Inc.  1997-2003 All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Red Hat, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This copyrighted material is made available to anyone wishing to use,
 * modify, copy, or redistribute it subject to the terms and conditions
 * of the GNU General Public License version 2.
 */

#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/pagevec.h>
#include <linux/mpage.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/gfs2_ondisk.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>

#include "gfs2.h"
#include "incore.h"
#include "bmap.h"
#include "glock.h"
#include "inode.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "meta_io.h"
#include "quota.h"
#include "trans.h"
#include "rgrp.h"
#include "super.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "glops.h"


static void gfs2_page_add_databufs(struct gfs2_inode *ip, struct page *page,
				   unsigned int from, unsigned int to)
{
	struct buffer_head *head = page_buffers(page);
	unsigned int bsize = head->b_size;
	struct buffer_head *bh;
	unsigned int start, end;

	for (bh = head, start = 0; bh != head || !start;
	     bh = bh->b_this_page, start = end) {
		end = start + bsize;
		if (end <= from || start >= to)
			continue;
		if (gfs2_is_jdata(ip))
			set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
		gfs2_trans_add_bh(ip->i_gl, bh, 0);
	}
}

/**
 * gfs2_get_block_noalloc - Fills in a buffer head with details about a block
 * @inode: The inode
 * @lblock: The block number to look up
 * @bh_result: The buffer head to return the result in
 * @create: Non-zero if we may add block to the file
 *
 * Returns: errno
 */

static int gfs2_get_block_noalloc(struct inode *inode, sector_t lblock,
				  struct buffer_head *bh_result, int create)
{
	int error;

	error = gfs2_block_map(inode, lblock, bh_result, 0);
	if (error)
		return error;
	if (!buffer_mapped(bh_result))
		return -EIO;
	return 0;
}

static int gfs2_get_block_direct(struct inode *inode, sector_t lblock,
				 struct buffer_head *bh_result, int create)
{
	return gfs2_block_map(inode, lblock, bh_result, 0);
}

/**
 * gfs2_writepage_common - Common bits of writepage
 * @page: The page to be written
 * @wbc: The writeback control
 *
 * Returns: 1 if writepage is ok, otherwise an error code or zero if no error.
 */

static int gfs2_writepage_common(struct page *page,
				 struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
	struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(inode);
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(inode);
	loff_t i_size = i_size_read(inode);
	pgoff_t end_index = i_size >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
	unsigned offset;

	if (gfs2_assert_withdraw(sdp, gfs2_glock_is_held_excl(ip->i_gl)))
		goto out;
	if (current->journal_info)
		goto redirty;
	/* Is the page fully outside i_size? (truncate in progress) */
	offset = i_size & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE-1);
	if (page->index > end_index || (page->index == end_index && !offset)) {
		page->mapping->a_ops->invalidatepage(page, 0);
		goto out;
	}
	return 1;
redirty:
	redirty_page_for_writepage(wbc, page);
out:
	unlock_page(page);
	return 0;
}

/**
 * gfs2_writeback_writepage - Write page for writeback mappings
 * @page: The page
 * @wbc: The writeback control
 *
 */

static int gfs2_writeback_writepage(struct page *page,
				    struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
	int ret;

	ret = gfs2_writepage_common(page, wbc);
	if (ret <= 0)
		return ret;

	ret = mpage_writepage(page, gfs2_get_block_noalloc, wbc);
	if (ret == -EAGAIN)
		ret = block_write_full_page(page, gfs2_get_block_noalloc, wbc);
	return ret;
}

/**
 * gfs2_ordered_writepage - Write page for ordered data files
 * @page: The page to write
 * @wbc: The writeback control
 *
 */

static int gfs2_ordered_writepage(struct page *page,
				  struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
	struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(inode);
	int ret;

	ret = gfs2_writepage_common(page, wbc);
	if (ret <= 0)
		return ret;

	if (!page_has_buffers(page)) {
		create_empty_buffers(page, inode->i_sb->s_blocksize,
				     (1 << BH_Dirty)|(1 << BH_Uptodate));
	}
	gfs2_page_add_databufs(ip, page, 0, inode->i_sb->s_blocksize-1);
	return block_write_full_page(page, gfs2_get_block_noalloc, wbc);
}

/**
 * __gfs2_jdata_writepage - The core of jdata writepage
 * @page: The page to write
 * @wbc: The writeback control
 *
 * This is shared between writepage and writepages and implements the
 * core of the writepage operation. If a transaction is required then
 * PageChecked will have been set and the transaction will have
 * already been started before this is called.
 */

static int __gfs2_jdata_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
	struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(inode);
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(inode);

	if (PageChecked(page)) {
		ClearPageChecked(page);
		if (!page_has_buffers(page)) {
			create_empty_buffers(page, inode->i_sb->s_blocksize,
					     (1 << BH_Dirty)|(1 << BH_Uptodate));
		}
		gfs2_page_add_databufs(ip, page, 0, sdp->sd_vfs->s_blocksize-1);
	}
	return block_write_full_page(page, gfs2_get_block_noalloc, wbc);
}

/**
 * gfs2_jdata_writepage - Write complete page
 * @page: Page to write
 *
 * Returns: errno
 *
 */

static int gfs2_jdata_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
	struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(inode);
	int ret;
	int done_trans = 0;

	if (PageChecked(page)) {
		if (wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL)
			goto out_ignore;
		ret = gfs2_trans_begin(sdp, RES_DINODE + 1, 0);
		if (ret)
			goto out_ignore;
		done_trans = 1;
	}
	ret = gfs2_writepage_common(page, wbc);
	if (ret > 0)
		ret = __gfs2_jdata_writepage(page, wbc);
	if (done_trans)
		gfs2_trans_end(sdp);
	return ret;

out_ignore:
	redirty_page_for_writepage(wbc, page);
	unlock_page(page);
	return 0;
}

/**
 * gfs2_writeback_writepages - Write a bunch of dirty pages back to disk
 * @mapping: The mapping to write
 * @wbc: Write-back control
 *
 * For the data=writeback case we can already ignore buffer heads
 * and write whole extents at once. This is a big reduction in the
 * number of I/O requests we send and the bmap calls we make in this case.
 */
static int gfs2_writeback_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
				     struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
	return mpage_writepages(mapping, wbc, gfs2_get_block_noalloc);
}

/**
 * gfs2_write_jdata_pagevec - Write back a pagevec's worth of pages
 * @mapping: The mapping
 * @wbc: The writeback control
 * @writepage: The writepage function to call for each page
 * @pvec: The vector of pages
 * @nr_pages: The number of pages to write
 *
 * Returns: non-zero if loop should terminate, zero otherwise
 */

static int gfs2_write_jdata_pagevec(struct address_space *mapping,
				    struct writeback_control *wbc,
				    struct pagevec *pvec,
				    int nr_pages, pgoff_t end)
{
	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(inode);
	loff_t i_size = i_size_read(inode);
	pgoff_t end_index = i_size >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
	unsigned offset = i_size & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE-1);
	unsigned nrblocks = nr_pages * (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE/inode->i_sb->s_blocksize);
	struct backing_dev_info *bdi = mapping->backing_dev_info;
	int i;
	int ret;

	ret = gfs2_trans_begin(sdp, nrblocks, nrblocks);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	for(i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
		struct page *page = pvec->pages[i];

		lock_page(page);

		if (unlikely(page->mapping != mapping)) {
			unlock_page(page);
			continue;
		}

		if (!wbc->range_cyclic && page->index > end) {
			ret = 1;
			unlock_page(page);
			continue;
		}

		if (wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_NONE)
			wait_on_page_writeback(page);

		if (PageWriteback(page) ||
		    !clear_page_dirty_for_io(page)) {
			unlock_page(page);
			continue;
		}

		/* Is the page fully outside i_size? (truncate in progress) */
		if (page->index > end_index || (page->index == end_index && !offset)) {
			page->mapping->a_ops->invalidatepage(page, 0);
			unlock_page(page);
			continue;
		}

		ret = __gfs2_jdata_writepage(page, wbc);

		if (ret || (--(wbc->nr_to_write) <= 0))
			ret = 1;
		if (wbc->nonblocking && bdi_write_congested(bdi)) {
			wbc->encountered_congestion = 1;
			ret = 1;
		}

	}
	gfs2_trans_end(sdp);
	return ret;
}

/**
 * gfs2_write_cache_jdata - Like write_cache_pages but different
 * @mapping: The mapping to write
 * @wbc: The writeback control
 * @writepage: The writepage function to call
 * @data: The data to pass to writepage
 *
 * The reason that we use our own function here is that we need to
 * start transactions before we grab page locks. This allows us
 * to get the ordering right.
 */

static int gfs2_write_cache_jdata(struct address_space *mapping,
				  struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
	struct backing_dev_info *bdi = mapping->backing_dev_info;
	int ret = 0;
	int done = 0;
	struct pagevec pvec;
	int nr_pages;
	pgoff_t index;
	pgoff_t end;
	int scanned = 0;
	int range_whole = 0;

	if (wbc->nonblocking && bdi_write_congested(bdi)) {
		wbc->encountered_congestion = 1;
		return 0;
	}

	pagevec_init(&pvec, 0);
	if (wbc->range_cyclic) {
		index = mapping->writeback_index; /* Start from prev offset */
		end = -1;
	} else {
		index = wbc->range_start >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
		end = wbc->range_end >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
		if (wbc->range_start == 0 && wbc->range_end == LLONG_MAX)
			range_whole = 1;
		scanned = 1;
	}

retry:
	 while (!done && (index <= end) &&
		(nr_pages = pagevec_lookup_tag(&pvec, mapping, &index,
					       PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY,
					       min(end - index, (pgoff_t)PAGEVEC_SIZE-1) + 1))) {
		scanned = 1;
		ret = gfs2_write_jdata_pagevec(mapping, wbc, &pvec, nr_pages, end);
		if (ret)
			done = 1;
		if (ret > 0)
			ret = 0;

		pagevec_release(&pvec);
		cond_resched();
	}

	if (!scanned && !done) {
		/*
		 * We hit the last page and there is more work to be done: wrap
		 * back to the start of the file
		 */
		scanned = 1;
		index = 0;
		goto retry;
	}

	if (wbc->range_cyclic || (range_whole && wbc->nr_to_write > 0))
		mapping->writeback_index = index;
	return ret;
}


/**
 * gfs2_jdata_writepages - Write a bunch of dirty pages back to disk
 * @mapping: The mapping to write
 * @wbc: The writeback control
 *
 */

static int gfs2_jdata_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
				 struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(mapping->host);
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(mapping->host);
	int ret;

	ret = gfs2_write_cache_jdata(mapping, wbc);
	if (ret == 0 && wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL) {
		gfs2_log_flush(sdp, ip->i_gl);
		ret = gfs2_write_cache_jdata(mapping, wbc);
	}
	return ret;
}

/**
 * stuffed_readpage - Fill in a Linux page with stuffed file data
 * @ip: the inode
 * @page: the page
 *
 * Returns: errno
 */

static int stuffed_readpage(struct gfs2_inode *ip, struct page *page)
{
	struct buffer_head *dibh;
	void *kaddr;
	int error;

	/*
	 * Due to the order of unstuffing files and ->fault(), we can be
	 * asked for a zero page in the case of a stuffed file being extended,
	 * so we need to supply one here. It doesn't happen often.
	 */
	if (unlikely(page->index)) {
		zero_user(page, 0, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE);
		SetPageUptodate(page);
		return 0;
	}

	error = gfs2_meta_inode_buffer(ip, &dibh);
	if (error)
		return error;

	kaddr = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0);
	memcpy(kaddr, dibh->b_data + sizeof(struct gfs2_dinode),
	       ip->i_disksize);
	memset(kaddr + ip->i_disksize, 0, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - ip->i_disksize);
	kunmap_atomic(kaddr, KM_USER0);
	flush_dcache_page(page);
	brelse(dibh);
	SetPageUptodate(page);

	return 0;
}


/**
 * __gfs2_readpage - readpage
 * @file: The file to read a page for
 * @page: The page to read
 *
 * This is the core of gfs2's readpage. Its used by the internal file
 * reading code as in that case we already hold the glock. Also its
 * called by gfs2_readpage() once the required lock has been granted.
 *
 */

static int __gfs2_readpage(void *file, struct page *page)
{
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(page->mapping->host);
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(page->mapping->host);
	int error;

	if (gfs2_is_stuffed(ip)) {
		error = stuffed_readpage(ip, page);
		unlock_page(page);
	} else {
		error = mpage_readpage(page, gfs2_block_map);
	}

	if (unlikely(test_bit(SDF_SHUTDOWN, &sdp->sd_flags)))
		return -EIO;

	return error;
}

/**
 * gfs2_readpage - read a page of a file
 * @file: The file to read
 * @page: The page of the file
 *
 * This deals with the locking required. We have to unlock and
 * relock the page in order to get the locking in the right
 * order.
 */

static int gfs2_readpage(struct file *file, struct page *page)
{
	struct address_space *mapping = page->mapping;
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(mapping->host);
	struct gfs2_holder gh;
	int error;

	unlock_page(page);
	gfs2_holder_init(ip->i_gl, LM_ST_SHARED, 0, &gh);
	error = gfs2_glock_nq(&gh);
	if (unlikely(error))
		goto out;
	error = AOP_TRUNCATED_PAGE;
	lock_page(page);
	if (page->mapping == mapping && !PageUptodate(page))
		error = __gfs2_readpage(file, page);
	else
		unlock_page(page);
	gfs2_glock_dq(&gh);
out:
	gfs2_holder_uninit(&gh);
	if (error && error != AOP_TRUNCATED_PAGE)
		lock_page(page);
	return error;
}

/**
 * gfs2_internal_read - read an internal file
 * @ip: The gfs2 inode
 * @ra_state: The readahead state (or NULL for no readahead)
 * @buf: The buffer to fill
 * @pos: The file position
 * @size: The amount to read
 *
 */

int gfs2_internal_read(struct gfs2_inode *ip, struct file_ra_state *ra_state,
                       char *buf, loff_t *pos, unsigned size)
{
	struct address_space *mapping = ip->i_inode.i_mapping;
	unsigned long index = *pos / PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
	unsigned offset = *pos & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1);
	unsigned copied = 0;
	unsigned amt;
	struct page *page;
	void *p;

	do {
		amt = size - copied;
		if (offset + size > PAGE_CACHE_SIZE)
			amt = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - offset;
		page = read_cache_page(mapping, index, __gfs2_readpage, NULL);
		if (IS_ERR(page))
			return PTR_ERR(page);
		p = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0);
		memcpy(buf + copied, p + offset, amt);
		kunmap_atomic(p, KM_USER0);
		mark_page_accessed(page);
		page_cache_release(page);
		copied += amt;
		index++;
		offset = 0;
	} while(copied < size);
	(*pos) += size;
	return size;
}

/**
 * gfs2_readpages - Read a bunch of pages at once
 *
 * Some notes:
 * 1. This is only for readahead, so we can simply ignore any things
 *    which are slightly inconvenient (such as locking conflicts between
 *    the page lock and the glock) and return having done no I/O. Its
 *    obviously not something we'd want to do on too regular a basis.
 *    Any I/O we ignore at this time will be done via readpage later.
 * 2. We don't handle stuffed files here we let readpage do the honours.
 * 3. mpage_readpages() does most of the heavy lifting in the common case.
 * 4. gfs2_block_map() is relied upon to set BH_Boundary in the right places.
 */

static int gfs2_readpages(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
			  struct list_head *pages, unsigned nr_pages)
{
	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(inode);
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(inode);
	struct gfs2_holder gh;
	int ret;

	gfs2_holder_init(ip->i_gl, LM_ST_SHARED, 0, &gh);
	ret = gfs2_glock_nq(&gh);
	if (unlikely(ret))
		goto out_uninit;
	if (!gfs2_is_stuffed(ip))
		ret = mpage_readpages(mapping, pages, nr_pages, gfs2_block_map);
	gfs2_glock_dq(&gh);
out_uninit:
	gfs2_holder_uninit(&gh);
	if (unlikely(test_bit(SDF_SHUTDOWN, &sdp->sd_flags)))
		ret = -EIO;
	return ret;
}

/**
 * gfs2_write_begin - Begin to write to a file
 * @file: The file to write to
 * @mapping: The mapping in which to write
 * @pos: The file offset at which to start writing
 * @len: Length of the write
 * @flags: Various flags
 * @pagep: Pointer to return the page
 * @fsdata: Pointer to return fs data (unused by GFS2)
 *
 * Returns: errno
 */

static int gfs2_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
			    loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned flags,
			    struct page **pagep, void **fsdata)
{
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(mapping->host);
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(mapping->host);
	struct gfs2_inode *m_ip = GFS2_I(sdp->sd_statfs_inode);
	unsigned int data_blocks = 0, ind_blocks = 0, rblocks;
	int alloc_required;
	int error = 0;
	struct gfs2_alloc *al;
	pgoff_t index = pos >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
	unsigned from = pos & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1);
	unsigned to = from + len;
	struct page *page;

	gfs2_holder_init(ip->i_gl, LM_ST_EXCLUSIVE, 0, &ip->i_gh);
	error = gfs2_glock_nq(&ip->i_gh);
	if (unlikely(error))
		goto out_uninit;
	if (&ip->i_inode == sdp->sd_rindex) {
		error = gfs2_glock_nq_init(m_ip->i_gl, LM_ST_EXCLUSIVE,
					   GL_NOCACHE, &m_ip->i_gh);
		if (unlikely(error)) {
			gfs2_glock_dq(&ip->i_gh);
			goto out_uninit;
		}
	}

	error = gfs2_write_alloc_required(ip, pos, len, &alloc_required);
	if (error)
		goto out_unlock;

	if (alloc_required || gfs2_is_jdata(ip))
		gfs2_write_calc_reserv(ip, len, &data_blocks, &ind_blocks);

	if (alloc_required) {
		al = gfs2_alloc_get(ip);
		if (!al) {
			error = -ENOMEM;
			goto out_unlock;
		}

		error = gfs2_quota_lock_check(ip);
		if (error)
			goto out_alloc_put;

		al->al_requested = data_blocks + ind_blocks;
		error = gfs2_inplace_reserve(ip);
		if (error)
			goto out_qunlock;
	}

	rblocks = RES_DINODE + ind_blocks;
	if (gfs2_is_jdata(ip))
		rblocks += data_blocks ? data_blocks : 1;
	if (ind_blocks || data_blocks)
		rblocks += RES_STATFS + RES_QUOTA;
	if (&ip->i_inode == sdp->sd_rindex)
		rblocks += 2 * RES_STATFS;

	error = gfs2_trans_begin(sdp, rblocks,
				 PAGE_CACHE_SIZE/sdp->sd_sb.sb_bsize);
	if (error)
		goto out_trans_fail;

	error = -ENOMEM;
	flags |= AOP_FLAG_NOFS;
	page = grab_cache_page_write_begin(mapping, index, flags);
	*pagep = page;
	if (unlikely(!page))
		goto out_endtrans;

	if (gfs2_is_stuffed(ip)) {
		error = 0;
		if (pos + len > sdp->sd_sb.sb_bsize - sizeof(struct gfs2_dinode)) {
			error = gfs2_unstuff_dinode(ip, page);
			if (error == 0)
				goto prepare_write;
		} else if (!PageUptodate(page)) {
			error = stuffed_readpage(ip, page);
		}
		goto out;
	}

prepare_write:
	error = block_prepare_write(page, from, to, gfs2_block_map);
out:
	if (error == 0)
		return 0;

	page_cache_release(page);
	if (pos + len > ip->i_inode.i_size)
		vmtruncate(&ip->i_inode, ip->i_inode.i_size);
out_endtrans:
	gfs2_trans_end(sdp);
out_trans_fail:
	if (alloc_required) {
		gfs2_inplace_release(ip);
out_qunlock:
		gfs2_quota_unlock(ip);
out_alloc_put:
		gfs2_alloc_put(ip);
	}
out_unlock:
	if (&ip->i_inode == sdp->sd_rindex) {
		gfs2_glock_dq(&m_ip->i_gh);
		gfs2_holder_uninit(&m_ip->i_gh);
	}
	gfs2_glock_dq(&ip->i_gh);
out_uninit:
	gfs2_holder_uninit(&ip->i_gh);
	return error;
}

/**
 * adjust_fs_space - Adjusts the free space available due to gfs2_grow
 * @inode: the rindex inode
 */
static void adjust_fs_space(struct inode *inode)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
	struct gfs2_inode *m_ip = GFS2_I(sdp->sd_statfs_inode);
	struct gfs2_inode *l_ip = GFS2_I(sdp->sd_sc_inode);
	struct gfs2_statfs_change_host *m_sc = &sdp->sd_statfs_master;
	struct gfs2_statfs_change_host *l_sc = &sdp->sd_statfs_local;
	struct buffer_head *m_bh, *l_bh;
	u64 fs_total, new_free;

	/* Total up the file system space, according to the latest rindex. */
	fs_total = gfs2_ri_total(sdp);
	if (gfs2_meta_inode_buffer(m_ip, &m_bh) != 0)
		return;

	spin_lock(&sdp->sd_statfs_spin);
	gfs2_statfs_change_in(m_sc, m_bh->b_data +
			      sizeof(struct gfs2_dinode));
	if (fs_total > (m_sc->sc_total + l_sc->sc_total))
		new_free = fs_total - (m_sc->sc_total + l_sc->sc_total);
	else
		new_free = 0;
	spin_unlock(&sdp->sd_statfs_spin);
	fs_warn(sdp, "File system extended by %llu blocks.\n",
		(unsigned long long)new_free);
	gfs2_statfs_change(sdp, new_free, new_free, 0);

	if (gfs2_meta_inode_buffer(l_ip, &l_bh) != 0)
		goto out;
	update_statfs(sdp, m_bh, l_bh);
	brelse(l_bh);
out:
	brelse(m_bh);
}

/**
 * gfs2_stuffed_write_end - Write end for stuffed files
 * @inode: The inode
 * @dibh: The buffer_head containing the on-disk inode
 * @pos: The file position
 * @len: The length of the write
 * @copied: How much was actually copied by the VFS
 * @page: The page
 *
 * This copies the data from the page into the inode block after
 * the inode data structure itself.
 *
 * Returns: errno
 */
static int gfs2_stuffed_write_end(struct inode *inode, struct buffer_head *dibh,
				  loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied,
				  struct page *page)
{
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(inode);
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(inode);
	struct gfs2_inode *m_ip = GFS2_I(sdp->sd_statfs_inode);
	u64 to = pos + copied;
	void *kaddr;
	unsigned char *buf = dibh->b_data + sizeof(struct gfs2_dinode);
	struct gfs2_dinode *di = (struct gfs2_dinode *)dibh->b_data;

	BUG_ON((pos + len) > (dibh->b_size - sizeof(struct gfs2_dinode)));
	kaddr = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0);
	memcpy(buf + pos, kaddr + pos, copied);
	memset(kaddr + pos + copied, 0, len - copied);
	flush_dcache_page(page);
	kunmap_atomic(kaddr, KM_USER0);

	if (!PageUptodate(page))
		SetPageUptodate(page);
	unlock_page(page);
	page_cache_release(page);

	if (copied) {
		if (inode->i_size < to) {
			i_size_write(inode, to);
			ip->i_disksize = inode->i_size;
		}
		gfs2_dinode_out(ip, di);
		mark_inode_dirty(inode);
	}

	if (inode == sdp->sd_rindex) {
		adjust_fs_space(inode);
		ip->i_gh.gh_flags |= GL_NOCACHE;
	}

	brelse(dibh);
	gfs2_trans_end(sdp);
	if (inode == sdp->sd_rindex) {
		gfs2_glock_dq(&m_ip->i_gh);
		gfs2_holder_uninit(&m_ip->i_gh);
	}
	gfs2_glock_dq(&ip->i_gh);
	gfs2_holder_uninit(&ip->i_gh);
	return copied;
}

/**
 * gfs2_write_end
 * @file: The file to write to
 * @mapping: The address space to write to
 * @pos: The file position
 * @len: The length of the data
 * @copied:
 * @page: The page that has been written
 * @fsdata: The fsdata (unused in GFS2)
 *
 * The main write_end function for GFS2. We have a separate one for
 * stuffed files as they are slightly different, otherwise we just
 * put our locking around the VFS provided functions.
 *
 * Returns: errno
 */

static int gfs2_write_end(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
			  loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied,
			  struct page *page, void *fsdata)
{
	struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(inode);
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(inode);
	struct gfs2_inode *m_ip = GFS2_I(sdp->sd_statfs_inode);
	struct buffer_head *dibh;
	struct gfs2_alloc *al = ip->i_alloc;
	unsigned int from = pos & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1);
	unsigned int to = from + len;
	int ret;

	BUG_ON(gfs2_glock_is_locked_by_me(ip->i_gl) == NULL);

	ret = gfs2_meta_inode_buffer(ip, &dibh);
	if (unlikely(ret)) {
		unlock_page(page);
		page_cache_release(page);
		goto failed;
	}

	gfs2_trans_add_bh(ip->i_gl, dibh, 1);

	if (gfs2_is_stuffed(ip))
		return gfs2_stuffed_write_end(inode, dibh, pos, len, copied, page);

	if (!gfs2_is_writeback(ip))
		gfs2_page_add_databufs(ip, page, from, to);

	ret = generic_write_end(file, mapping, pos, len, copied, page, fsdata);
	if (ret > 0) {
		if (inode->i_size > ip->i_disksize)
			ip->i_disksize = inode->i_size;
		gfs2_dinode_out(ip, dibh->b_data);
		mark_inode_dirty(inode);
	}

	if (inode == sdp->sd_rindex) {
		adjust_fs_space(inode);
		ip->i_gh.gh_flags |= GL_NOCACHE;
	}

	brelse(dibh);
	gfs2_trans_end(sdp);
failed:
	if (al) {
		gfs2_inplace_release(ip);
		gfs2_quota_unlock(ip);
		gfs2_alloc_put(ip);
	}
	if (inode == sdp->sd_rindex) {
		gfs2_glock_dq(&m_ip->i_gh);
		gfs2_holder_uninit(&m_ip->i_gh);
	}
	gfs2_glock_dq(&ip->i_gh);
	gfs2_holder_uninit(&ip->i_gh);
	return ret;
}

/**
 * gfs2_set_page_dirty - Page dirtying function
 * @page: The page to dirty
 *
 * Returns: 1 if it dirtyed the page, or 0 otherwise
 */

static int gfs2_set_page_dirty(struct page *page)
{
	SetPageChecked(page);
	return __set_page_dirty_buffers(page);
}

/**
 * gfs2_bmap - Block map function
 * @mapping: Address space info
 * @lblock: The block to map
 *
 * Returns: The disk address for the block or 0 on hole or error
 */

static sector_t gfs2_bmap(struct address_space *mapping, sector_t lblock)
{
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(mapping->host);
	struct gfs2_holder i_gh;
	sector_t dblock = 0;
	int error;

	error = gfs2_glock_nq_init(ip->i_gl, LM_ST_SHARED, LM_FLAG_ANY, &i_gh);
	if (error)
		return 0;

	if (!gfs2_is_stuffed(ip))
		dblock = generic_block_bmap(mapping, lblock, gfs2_block_map);

	gfs2_glock_dq_uninit(&i_gh);

	return dblock;
}

static void gfs2_discard(struct gfs2_sbd *sdp, struct buffer_head *bh)
{
	struct gfs2_bufdata *bd;

	lock_buffer(bh);
	gfs2_log_lock(sdp);
	clear_buffer_dirty(bh);
	bd = bh->b_private;
	if (bd) {
		if (!list_empty(&bd->bd_le.le_list) && !buffer_pinned(bh))
			list_del_init(&bd->bd_le.le_list);
		else
			gfs2_remove_from_journal(bh, current->journal_info, 0);
	}
	bh->b_bdev = NULL;
	clear_buffer_mapped(bh);
	clear_buffer_req(bh);
	clear_buffer_new(bh);
	gfs2_log_unlock(sdp);
	unlock_buffer(bh);
}

static void gfs2_invalidatepage(struct page *page, unsigned long offset)
{
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(page->mapping->host);
	struct buffer_head *bh, *head;
	unsigned long pos = 0;

	BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
	if (offset == 0)
		ClearPageChecked(page);
	if (!page_has_buffers(page))
		goto out;

	bh = head = page_buffers(page);
	do {
		if (offset <= pos)
			gfs2_discard(sdp, bh);
		pos += bh->b_size;
		bh = bh->b_this_page;
	} while (bh != head);
out:
	if (offset == 0)
		try_to_release_page(page, 0);
}

/**
 * gfs2_ok_for_dio - check that dio is valid on this file
 * @ip: The inode
 * @rw: READ or WRITE
 * @offset: The offset at which we are reading or writing
 *
 * Returns: 0 (to ignore the i/o request and thus fall back to buffered i/o)
 *          1 (to accept the i/o request)
 */
static int gfs2_ok_for_dio(struct gfs2_inode *ip, int rw, loff_t offset)
{
	/*
	 * Should we return an error here? I can't see that O_DIRECT for
	 * a stuffed file makes any sense. For now we'll silently fall
	 * back to buffered I/O
	 */
	if (gfs2_is_stuffed(ip))
		return 0;

	if (offset >= i_size_read(&ip->i_inode))
		return 0;
	return 1;
}


static ssize_t gfs2_direct_IO(int rw, struct kiocb *iocb,
			      const struct iovec *iov, loff_t offset,
			      unsigned long nr_segs)
{
	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
	struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(inode);
	struct gfs2_holder gh;
	int rv;

	/*
	 * Deferred lock, even if its a write, since we do no allocation
	 * on this path. All we need change is atime, and this lock mode
	 * ensures that other nodes have flushed their buffered read caches
	 * (i.e. their page cache entries for this inode). We do not,
	 * unfortunately have the option of only flushing a range like
	 * the VFS does.
	 */
	gfs2_holder_init(ip->i_gl, LM_ST_DEFERRED, 0, &gh);
	rv = gfs2_glock_nq(&gh);
	if (rv)
		return rv;
	rv = gfs2_ok_for_dio(ip, rw, offset);
	if (rv != 1)
		goto out; /* dio not valid, fall back to buffered i/o */

	rv = blockdev_direct_IO_no_locking(rw, iocb, inode, inode->i_sb->s_bdev,
					   iov, offset, nr_segs,
					   gfs2_get_block_direct, NULL);
out:
	gfs2_glock_dq_m(1, &gh);
	gfs2_holder_uninit(&gh);
	return rv;
}

/**
 * gfs2_releasepage - free the metadata associated with a page
 * @page: the page that's being released
 * @gfp_mask: passed from Linux VFS, ignored by us
 *
 * Call try_to_free_buffers() if the buffers in this page can be
 * released.
 *
 * Returns: 0
 */

int gfs2_releasepage(struct page *page, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	struct inode *aspace = page->mapping->host;
	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = aspace->i_sb->s_fs_info;
	struct buffer_head *bh, *head;
	struct gfs2_bufdata *bd;

	if (!page_has_buffers(page))
		return 0;

	gfs2_log_lock(sdp);
	head = bh = page_buffers(page);
	do {
		if (atomic_read(&bh->b_count))
			goto cannot_release;
		bd = bh->b_private;
		if (bd && bd->bd_ail)
			goto cannot_release;
		gfs2_assert_warn(sdp, !buffer_pinned(bh));
		gfs2_assert_warn(sdp, !buffer_dirty(bh));
		bh = bh->b_this_page;
	} while(bh != head);
	gfs2_log_unlock(sdp);

	head = bh = page_buffers(page);
	do {
		gfs2_log_lock(sdp);
		bd = bh->b_private;
		if (bd) {
			gfs2_assert_warn(sdp, bd->bd_bh == bh);
			gfs2_assert_warn(sdp, list_empty(&bd->bd_list_tr));
			if (!list_empty(&bd->bd_le.le_list)) {
				if (!buffer_pinned(bh))
					list_del_init(&bd->bd_le.le_list);
				else
					bd = NULL;
			}
			if (bd)
				bd->bd_bh = NULL;
			bh->b_private = NULL;
		}
		gfs2_log_unlock(sdp);
		if (bd)
			kmem_cache_free(gfs2_bufdata_cachep, bd);

		bh = bh->b_this_page;
	} while (bh != head);

	return try_to_free_buffers(page);
cannot_release:
	gfs2_log_unlock(sdp);
	return 0;
}

static const struct address_space_operations gfs2_writeback_aops = {
	.writepage = gfs2_writeback_writepage,
	.writepages = gfs2_writeback_writepages,
	.readpage = gfs2_readpage,
	.readpages = gfs2_readpages,
	.sync_page = block_sync_page,
	.write_begin = gfs2_write_begin,
	.write_end = gfs2_write_end,
	.bmap = gfs2_bmap,
	.invalidatepage = gfs2_invalidatepage,
	.releasepage = gfs2_releasepage,
	.direct_IO = gfs2_direct_IO,
	.migratepage = buffer_migrate_page,
	.is_partially_uptodate = block_is_partially_uptodate,
	.error_remove_page = generic_error_remove_page,
};

static const struct address_space_operations gfs2_ordered_aops = {
	.writepage = gfs2_ordered_writepage,
	.readpage = gfs2_readpage,
	.readpages = gfs2_readpages,
	.sync_page = block_sync_page,
	.write_begin = gfs2_write_begin,
	.write_end = gfs2_write_end,
	.set_page_dirty = gfs2_set_page_dirty,
	.bmap = gfs2_bmap,
	.invalidatepage = gfs2_invalidatepage,
	.releasepage = gfs2_releasepage,
	.direct_IO = gfs2_direct_IO,
	.migratepage = buffer_migrate_page,
	.is_partially_uptodate = block_is_partially_uptodate,
	.error_remove_page = generic_error_remove_page,
};

static const struct address_space_operations gfs2_jdata_aops = {
	.writepage = gfs2_jdata_writepage,
	.writepages = gfs2_jdata_writepages,
	.readpage = gfs2_readpage,
	.readpages = gfs2_readpages,
	.sync_page = block_sync_page,
	.write_begin = gfs2_write_begin,
	.write_end = gfs2_write_end,
	.set_page_dirty = gfs2_set_page_dirty,
	.bmap = gfs2_bmap,
	.invalidatepage = gfs2_invalidatepage,
	.releasepage = gfs2_releasepage,
	.is_partially_uptodate = block_is_partially_uptodate,
	.error_remove_page = generic_error_remove_page,
};

void gfs2_set_aops(struct inode *inode)
{
	struct gfs2_inode *ip = GFS2_I(inode);

	if (gfs2_is_writeback(ip))
		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &gfs2_writeback_aops;
	else if (gfs2_is_ordered(ip))
		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &gfs2_ordered_aops;
	else if (gfs2_is_jdata(ip))
		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &gfs2_jdata_aops;
	else
		BUG();
}