1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 2 #include <linux/fs.h> 3 #include <linux/random.h> 4 #include <linux/buffer_head.h> 5 #include <linux/utsname.h> 6 #include <linux/kthread.h> 7 8 #include "ext4.h" 9 10 /* Checksumming functions */ 11 static __le32 ext4_mmp_csum(struct super_block *sb, struct mmp_struct *mmp) 12 { 13 struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb); 14 int offset = offsetof(struct mmp_struct, mmp_checksum); 15 __u32 csum; 16 17 csum = ext4_chksum(sbi, sbi->s_csum_seed, (char *)mmp, offset); 18 19 return cpu_to_le32(csum); 20 } 21 22 static int ext4_mmp_csum_verify(struct super_block *sb, struct mmp_struct *mmp) 23 { 24 if (!ext4_has_metadata_csum(sb)) 25 return 1; 26 27 return mmp->mmp_checksum == ext4_mmp_csum(sb, mmp); 28 } 29 30 static void ext4_mmp_csum_set(struct super_block *sb, struct mmp_struct *mmp) 31 { 32 if (!ext4_has_metadata_csum(sb)) 33 return; 34 35 mmp->mmp_checksum = ext4_mmp_csum(sb, mmp); 36 } 37 38 /* 39 * Write the MMP block using REQ_SYNC to try to get the block on-disk 40 * faster. 41 */ 42 static int write_mmp_block(struct super_block *sb, struct buffer_head *bh) 43 { 44 struct mmp_struct *mmp = (struct mmp_struct *)(bh->b_data); 45 46 /* 47 * We protect against freezing so that we don't create dirty buffers 48 * on frozen filesystem. 49 */ 50 sb_start_write(sb); 51 ext4_mmp_csum_set(sb, mmp); 52 lock_buffer(bh); 53 bh->b_end_io = end_buffer_write_sync; 54 get_bh(bh); 55 submit_bh(REQ_OP_WRITE, REQ_SYNC | REQ_META | REQ_PRIO, bh); 56 wait_on_buffer(bh); 57 sb_end_write(sb); 58 if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(bh))) 59 return 1; 60 61 return 0; 62 } 63 64 /* 65 * Read the MMP block. It _must_ be read from disk and hence we clear the 66 * uptodate flag on the buffer. 67 */ 68 static int read_mmp_block(struct super_block *sb, struct buffer_head **bh, 69 ext4_fsblk_t mmp_block) 70 { 71 struct mmp_struct *mmp; 72 int ret; 73 74 if (*bh) 75 clear_buffer_uptodate(*bh); 76 77 /* This would be sb_bread(sb, mmp_block), except we need to be sure 78 * that the MD RAID device cache has been bypassed, and that the read 79 * is not blocked in the elevator. */ 80 if (!*bh) { 81 *bh = sb_getblk(sb, mmp_block); 82 if (!*bh) { 83 ret = -ENOMEM; 84 goto warn_exit; 85 } 86 } 87 88 get_bh(*bh); 89 lock_buffer(*bh); 90 (*bh)->b_end_io = end_buffer_read_sync; 91 submit_bh(REQ_OP_READ, REQ_META | REQ_PRIO, *bh); 92 wait_on_buffer(*bh); 93 if (!buffer_uptodate(*bh)) { 94 ret = -EIO; 95 goto warn_exit; 96 } 97 mmp = (struct mmp_struct *)((*bh)->b_data); 98 if (le32_to_cpu(mmp->mmp_magic) != EXT4_MMP_MAGIC) { 99 ret = -EFSCORRUPTED; 100 goto warn_exit; 101 } 102 if (!ext4_mmp_csum_verify(sb, mmp)) { 103 ret = -EFSBADCRC; 104 goto warn_exit; 105 } 106 return 0; 107 warn_exit: 108 brelse(*bh); 109 *bh = NULL; 110 ext4_warning(sb, "Error %d while reading MMP block %llu", 111 ret, mmp_block); 112 return ret; 113 } 114 115 /* 116 * Dump as much information as possible to help the admin. 117 */ 118 void __dump_mmp_msg(struct super_block *sb, struct mmp_struct *mmp, 119 const char *function, unsigned int line, const char *msg) 120 { 121 __ext4_warning(sb, function, line, "%s", msg); 122 __ext4_warning(sb, function, line, 123 "MMP failure info: last update time: %llu, last update node: %.*s, last update device: %.*s", 124 (unsigned long long)le64_to_cpu(mmp->mmp_time), 125 (int)sizeof(mmp->mmp_nodename), mmp->mmp_nodename, 126 (int)sizeof(mmp->mmp_bdevname), mmp->mmp_bdevname); 127 } 128 129 /* 130 * kmmpd will update the MMP sequence every s_mmp_update_interval seconds 131 */ 132 static int kmmpd(void *data) 133 { 134 struct super_block *sb = ((struct mmpd_data *) data)->sb; 135 struct buffer_head *bh = ((struct mmpd_data *) data)->bh; 136 struct ext4_super_block *es = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es; 137 struct mmp_struct *mmp; 138 ext4_fsblk_t mmp_block; 139 u32 seq = 0; 140 unsigned long failed_writes = 0; 141 int mmp_update_interval = le16_to_cpu(es->s_mmp_update_interval); 142 unsigned mmp_check_interval; 143 unsigned long last_update_time; 144 unsigned long diff; 145 int retval; 146 147 mmp_block = le64_to_cpu(es->s_mmp_block); 148 mmp = (struct mmp_struct *)(bh->b_data); 149 mmp->mmp_time = cpu_to_le64(ktime_get_real_seconds()); 150 /* 151 * Start with the higher mmp_check_interval and reduce it if 152 * the MMP block is being updated on time. 153 */ 154 mmp_check_interval = max(EXT4_MMP_CHECK_MULT * mmp_update_interval, 155 EXT4_MMP_MIN_CHECK_INTERVAL); 156 mmp->mmp_check_interval = cpu_to_le16(mmp_check_interval); 157 BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(mmp->mmp_bdevname) < BDEVNAME_SIZE); 158 bdevname(bh->b_bdev, mmp->mmp_bdevname); 159 160 memcpy(mmp->mmp_nodename, init_utsname()->nodename, 161 sizeof(mmp->mmp_nodename)); 162 163 while (!kthread_should_stop()) { 164 if (++seq > EXT4_MMP_SEQ_MAX) 165 seq = 1; 166 167 mmp->mmp_seq = cpu_to_le32(seq); 168 mmp->mmp_time = cpu_to_le64(ktime_get_real_seconds()); 169 last_update_time = jiffies; 170 171 retval = write_mmp_block(sb, bh); 172 /* 173 * Don't spew too many error messages. Print one every 174 * (s_mmp_update_interval * 60) seconds. 175 */ 176 if (retval) { 177 if ((failed_writes % 60) == 0) { 178 ext4_set_errno(sb, -retval); 179 ext4_error(sb, "Error writing to MMP block"); 180 } 181 failed_writes++; 182 } 183 184 if (!(le32_to_cpu(es->s_feature_incompat) & 185 EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_MMP)) { 186 ext4_warning(sb, "kmmpd being stopped since MMP feature" 187 " has been disabled."); 188 goto exit_thread; 189 } 190 191 if (sb_rdonly(sb)) 192 break; 193 194 diff = jiffies - last_update_time; 195 if (diff < mmp_update_interval * HZ) 196 schedule_timeout_interruptible(mmp_update_interval * 197 HZ - diff); 198 199 /* 200 * We need to make sure that more than mmp_check_interval 201 * seconds have not passed since writing. If that has happened 202 * we need to check if the MMP block is as we left it. 203 */ 204 diff = jiffies - last_update_time; 205 if (diff > mmp_check_interval * HZ) { 206 struct buffer_head *bh_check = NULL; 207 struct mmp_struct *mmp_check; 208 209 retval = read_mmp_block(sb, &bh_check, mmp_block); 210 if (retval) { 211 ext4_set_errno(sb, -retval); 212 ext4_error(sb, "error reading MMP data: %d", 213 retval); 214 goto exit_thread; 215 } 216 217 mmp_check = (struct mmp_struct *)(bh_check->b_data); 218 if (mmp->mmp_seq != mmp_check->mmp_seq || 219 memcmp(mmp->mmp_nodename, mmp_check->mmp_nodename, 220 sizeof(mmp->mmp_nodename))) { 221 dump_mmp_msg(sb, mmp_check, 222 "Error while updating MMP info. " 223 "The filesystem seems to have been" 224 " multiply mounted."); 225 ext4_set_errno(sb, EBUSY); 226 ext4_error(sb, "abort"); 227 put_bh(bh_check); 228 retval = -EBUSY; 229 goto exit_thread; 230 } 231 put_bh(bh_check); 232 } 233 234 /* 235 * Adjust the mmp_check_interval depending on how much time 236 * it took for the MMP block to be written. 237 */ 238 mmp_check_interval = max(min(EXT4_MMP_CHECK_MULT * diff / HZ, 239 EXT4_MMP_MAX_CHECK_INTERVAL), 240 EXT4_MMP_MIN_CHECK_INTERVAL); 241 mmp->mmp_check_interval = cpu_to_le16(mmp_check_interval); 242 } 243 244 /* 245 * Unmount seems to be clean. 246 */ 247 mmp->mmp_seq = cpu_to_le32(EXT4_MMP_SEQ_CLEAN); 248 mmp->mmp_time = cpu_to_le64(ktime_get_real_seconds()); 249 250 retval = write_mmp_block(sb, bh); 251 252 exit_thread: 253 EXT4_SB(sb)->s_mmp_tsk = NULL; 254 kfree(data); 255 brelse(bh); 256 return retval; 257 } 258 259 /* 260 * Get a random new sequence number but make sure it is not greater than 261 * EXT4_MMP_SEQ_MAX. 262 */ 263 static unsigned int mmp_new_seq(void) 264 { 265 u32 new_seq; 266 267 do { 268 new_seq = prandom_u32(); 269 } while (new_seq > EXT4_MMP_SEQ_MAX); 270 271 return new_seq; 272 } 273 274 /* 275 * Protect the filesystem from being mounted more than once. 276 */ 277 int ext4_multi_mount_protect(struct super_block *sb, 278 ext4_fsblk_t mmp_block) 279 { 280 struct ext4_super_block *es = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es; 281 struct buffer_head *bh = NULL; 282 struct mmp_struct *mmp = NULL; 283 struct mmpd_data *mmpd_data; 284 u32 seq; 285 unsigned int mmp_check_interval = le16_to_cpu(es->s_mmp_update_interval); 286 unsigned int wait_time = 0; 287 int retval; 288 289 if (mmp_block < le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block) || 290 mmp_block >= ext4_blocks_count(es)) { 291 ext4_warning(sb, "Invalid MMP block in superblock"); 292 goto failed; 293 } 294 295 retval = read_mmp_block(sb, &bh, mmp_block); 296 if (retval) 297 goto failed; 298 299 mmp = (struct mmp_struct *)(bh->b_data); 300 301 if (mmp_check_interval < EXT4_MMP_MIN_CHECK_INTERVAL) 302 mmp_check_interval = EXT4_MMP_MIN_CHECK_INTERVAL; 303 304 /* 305 * If check_interval in MMP block is larger, use that instead of 306 * update_interval from the superblock. 307 */ 308 if (le16_to_cpu(mmp->mmp_check_interval) > mmp_check_interval) 309 mmp_check_interval = le16_to_cpu(mmp->mmp_check_interval); 310 311 seq = le32_to_cpu(mmp->mmp_seq); 312 if (seq == EXT4_MMP_SEQ_CLEAN) 313 goto skip; 314 315 if (seq == EXT4_MMP_SEQ_FSCK) { 316 dump_mmp_msg(sb, mmp, "fsck is running on the filesystem"); 317 goto failed; 318 } 319 320 wait_time = min(mmp_check_interval * 2 + 1, 321 mmp_check_interval + 60); 322 323 /* Print MMP interval if more than 20 secs. */ 324 if (wait_time > EXT4_MMP_MIN_CHECK_INTERVAL * 4) 325 ext4_warning(sb, "MMP interval %u higher than expected, please" 326 " wait.\n", wait_time * 2); 327 328 if (schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ * wait_time) != 0) { 329 ext4_warning(sb, "MMP startup interrupted, failing mount\n"); 330 goto failed; 331 } 332 333 retval = read_mmp_block(sb, &bh, mmp_block); 334 if (retval) 335 goto failed; 336 mmp = (struct mmp_struct *)(bh->b_data); 337 if (seq != le32_to_cpu(mmp->mmp_seq)) { 338 dump_mmp_msg(sb, mmp, 339 "Device is already active on another node."); 340 goto failed; 341 } 342 343 skip: 344 /* 345 * write a new random sequence number. 346 */ 347 seq = mmp_new_seq(); 348 mmp->mmp_seq = cpu_to_le32(seq); 349 350 retval = write_mmp_block(sb, bh); 351 if (retval) 352 goto failed; 353 354 /* 355 * wait for MMP interval and check mmp_seq. 356 */ 357 if (schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ * wait_time) != 0) { 358 ext4_warning(sb, "MMP startup interrupted, failing mount"); 359 goto failed; 360 } 361 362 retval = read_mmp_block(sb, &bh, mmp_block); 363 if (retval) 364 goto failed; 365 mmp = (struct mmp_struct *)(bh->b_data); 366 if (seq != le32_to_cpu(mmp->mmp_seq)) { 367 dump_mmp_msg(sb, mmp, 368 "Device is already active on another node."); 369 goto failed; 370 } 371 372 mmpd_data = kmalloc(sizeof(*mmpd_data), GFP_KERNEL); 373 if (!mmpd_data) { 374 ext4_warning(sb, "not enough memory for mmpd_data"); 375 goto failed; 376 } 377 mmpd_data->sb = sb; 378 mmpd_data->bh = bh; 379 380 /* 381 * Start a kernel thread to update the MMP block periodically. 382 */ 383 EXT4_SB(sb)->s_mmp_tsk = kthread_run(kmmpd, mmpd_data, "kmmpd-%.*s", 384 (int)sizeof(mmp->mmp_bdevname), 385 bdevname(bh->b_bdev, 386 mmp->mmp_bdevname)); 387 if (IS_ERR(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_mmp_tsk)) { 388 EXT4_SB(sb)->s_mmp_tsk = NULL; 389 kfree(mmpd_data); 390 ext4_warning(sb, "Unable to create kmmpd thread for %s.", 391 sb->s_id); 392 goto failed; 393 } 394 395 return 0; 396 397 failed: 398 brelse(bh); 399 return 1; 400 } 401 402 403