xref: /openbmc/linux/fs/ext4/balloc.c (revision 84764a41)
1 /*
2  *  linux/fs/ext4/balloc.c
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
5  * Remy Card (card@masi.ibp.fr)
6  * Laboratoire MASI - Institut Blaise Pascal
7  * Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
8  *
9  *  Enhanced block allocation by Stephen Tweedie (sct@redhat.com), 1993
10  *  Big-endian to little-endian byte-swapping/bitmaps by
11  *        David S. Miller (davem@caip.rutgers.edu), 1995
12  */
13 
14 #include <linux/time.h>
15 #include <linux/capability.h>
16 #include <linux/fs.h>
17 #include <linux/jbd2.h>
18 #include <linux/quotaops.h>
19 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
20 #include "ext4.h"
21 #include "ext4_jbd2.h"
22 #include "mballoc.h"
23 
24 #include <trace/events/ext4.h>
25 
26 static unsigned ext4_num_base_meta_clusters(struct super_block *sb,
27 					    ext4_group_t block_group);
28 /*
29  * balloc.c contains the blocks allocation and deallocation routines
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Calculate the block group number and offset into the block/cluster
34  * allocation bitmap, given a block number
35  */
36 void ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(struct super_block *sb, ext4_fsblk_t blocknr,
37 		ext4_group_t *blockgrpp, ext4_grpblk_t *offsetp)
38 {
39 	struct ext4_super_block *es = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es;
40 	ext4_grpblk_t offset;
41 
42 	blocknr = blocknr - le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block);
43 	offset = do_div(blocknr, EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb)) >>
44 		EXT4_SB(sb)->s_cluster_bits;
45 	if (offsetp)
46 		*offsetp = offset;
47 	if (blockgrpp)
48 		*blockgrpp = blocknr;
49 
50 }
51 
52 static int ext4_block_in_group(struct super_block *sb, ext4_fsblk_t block,
53 			ext4_group_t block_group)
54 {
55 	ext4_group_t actual_group;
56 	ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(sb, block, &actual_group, NULL);
57 	if (actual_group == block_group)
58 		return 1;
59 	return 0;
60 }
61 
62 /* Return the number of clusters used for file system metadata; this
63  * represents the overhead needed by the file system.
64  */
65 unsigned ext4_num_overhead_clusters(struct super_block *sb,
66 				    ext4_group_t block_group,
67 				    struct ext4_group_desc *gdp)
68 {
69 	unsigned num_clusters;
70 	int block_cluster = -1, inode_cluster = -1, itbl_cluster = -1, i, c;
71 	ext4_fsblk_t start = ext4_group_first_block_no(sb, block_group);
72 	ext4_fsblk_t itbl_blk;
73 	struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);
74 
75 	/* This is the number of clusters used by the superblock,
76 	 * block group descriptors, and reserved block group
77 	 * descriptor blocks */
78 	num_clusters = ext4_num_base_meta_clusters(sb, block_group);
79 
80 	/*
81 	 * For the allocation bitmaps and inode table, we first need
82 	 * to check to see if the block is in the block group.  If it
83 	 * is, then check to see if the cluster is already accounted
84 	 * for in the clusters used for the base metadata cluster, or
85 	 * if we can increment the base metadata cluster to include
86 	 * that block.  Otherwise, we will have to track the cluster
87 	 * used for the allocation bitmap or inode table explicitly.
88 	 * Normally all of these blocks are contiguous, so the special
89 	 * case handling shouldn't be necessary except for *very*
90 	 * unusual file system layouts.
91 	 */
92 	if (ext4_block_in_group(sb, ext4_block_bitmap(sb, gdp), block_group)) {
93 		block_cluster = EXT4_B2C(sbi,
94 					 ext4_block_bitmap(sb, gdp) - start);
95 		if (block_cluster < num_clusters)
96 			block_cluster = -1;
97 		else if (block_cluster == num_clusters) {
98 			num_clusters++;
99 			block_cluster = -1;
100 		}
101 	}
102 
103 	if (ext4_block_in_group(sb, ext4_inode_bitmap(sb, gdp), block_group)) {
104 		inode_cluster = EXT4_B2C(sbi,
105 					 ext4_inode_bitmap(sb, gdp) - start);
106 		if (inode_cluster < num_clusters)
107 			inode_cluster = -1;
108 		else if (inode_cluster == num_clusters) {
109 			num_clusters++;
110 			inode_cluster = -1;
111 		}
112 	}
113 
114 	itbl_blk = ext4_inode_table(sb, gdp);
115 	for (i = 0; i < sbi->s_itb_per_group; i++) {
116 		if (ext4_block_in_group(sb, itbl_blk + i, block_group)) {
117 			c = EXT4_B2C(sbi, itbl_blk + i - start);
118 			if ((c < num_clusters) || (c == inode_cluster) ||
119 			    (c == block_cluster) || (c == itbl_cluster))
120 				continue;
121 			if (c == num_clusters) {
122 				num_clusters++;
123 				continue;
124 			}
125 			num_clusters++;
126 			itbl_cluster = c;
127 		}
128 	}
129 
130 	if (block_cluster != -1)
131 		num_clusters++;
132 	if (inode_cluster != -1)
133 		num_clusters++;
134 
135 	return num_clusters;
136 }
137 
138 static unsigned int num_clusters_in_group(struct super_block *sb,
139 					  ext4_group_t block_group)
140 {
141 	unsigned int blocks;
142 
143 	if (block_group == ext4_get_groups_count(sb) - 1) {
144 		/*
145 		 * Even though mke2fs always initializes the first and
146 		 * last group, just in case some other tool was used,
147 		 * we need to make sure we calculate the right free
148 		 * blocks.
149 		 */
150 		blocks = ext4_blocks_count(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es) -
151 			ext4_group_first_block_no(sb, block_group);
152 	} else
153 		blocks = EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb);
154 	return EXT4_NUM_B2C(EXT4_SB(sb), blocks);
155 }
156 
157 /* Initializes an uninitialized block bitmap */
158 void ext4_init_block_bitmap(struct super_block *sb, struct buffer_head *bh,
159 			    ext4_group_t block_group,
160 			    struct ext4_group_desc *gdp)
161 {
162 	unsigned int bit, bit_max;
163 	struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);
164 	ext4_fsblk_t start, tmp;
165 	int flex_bg = 0;
166 
167 	J_ASSERT_BH(bh, buffer_locked(bh));
168 
169 	/* If checksum is bad mark all blocks used to prevent allocation
170 	 * essentially implementing a per-group read-only flag. */
171 	if (!ext4_group_desc_csum_verify(sb, block_group, gdp)) {
172 		ext4_error(sb, "Checksum bad for group %u", block_group);
173 		ext4_free_group_clusters_set(sb, gdp, 0);
174 		ext4_free_inodes_set(sb, gdp, 0);
175 		ext4_itable_unused_set(sb, gdp, 0);
176 		memset(bh->b_data, 0xff, sb->s_blocksize);
177 		ext4_block_bitmap_csum_set(sb, block_group, gdp, bh);
178 		return;
179 	}
180 	memset(bh->b_data, 0, sb->s_blocksize);
181 
182 	bit_max = ext4_num_base_meta_clusters(sb, block_group);
183 	for (bit = 0; bit < bit_max; bit++)
184 		ext4_set_bit(bit, bh->b_data);
185 
186 	start = ext4_group_first_block_no(sb, block_group);
187 
188 	if (EXT4_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(sb, EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FLEX_BG))
189 		flex_bg = 1;
190 
191 	/* Set bits for block and inode bitmaps, and inode table */
192 	tmp = ext4_block_bitmap(sb, gdp);
193 	if (!flex_bg || ext4_block_in_group(sb, tmp, block_group))
194 		ext4_set_bit(EXT4_B2C(sbi, tmp - start), bh->b_data);
195 
196 	tmp = ext4_inode_bitmap(sb, gdp);
197 	if (!flex_bg || ext4_block_in_group(sb, tmp, block_group))
198 		ext4_set_bit(EXT4_B2C(sbi, tmp - start), bh->b_data);
199 
200 	tmp = ext4_inode_table(sb, gdp);
201 	for (; tmp < ext4_inode_table(sb, gdp) +
202 		     sbi->s_itb_per_group; tmp++) {
203 		if (!flex_bg || ext4_block_in_group(sb, tmp, block_group))
204 			ext4_set_bit(EXT4_B2C(sbi, tmp - start), bh->b_data);
205 	}
206 
207 	/*
208 	 * Also if the number of blocks within the group is less than
209 	 * the blocksize * 8 ( which is the size of bitmap ), set rest
210 	 * of the block bitmap to 1
211 	 */
212 	ext4_mark_bitmap_end(num_clusters_in_group(sb, block_group),
213 			     sb->s_blocksize * 8, bh->b_data);
214 	ext4_block_bitmap_csum_set(sb, block_group, gdp, bh);
215 	ext4_group_desc_csum_set(sb, block_group, gdp);
216 }
217 
218 /* Return the number of free blocks in a block group.  It is used when
219  * the block bitmap is uninitialized, so we can't just count the bits
220  * in the bitmap. */
221 unsigned ext4_free_clusters_after_init(struct super_block *sb,
222 				       ext4_group_t block_group,
223 				       struct ext4_group_desc *gdp)
224 {
225 	return num_clusters_in_group(sb, block_group) -
226 		ext4_num_overhead_clusters(sb, block_group, gdp);
227 }
228 
229 /*
230  * The free blocks are managed by bitmaps.  A file system contains several
231  * blocks groups.  Each group contains 1 bitmap block for blocks, 1 bitmap
232  * block for inodes, N blocks for the inode table and data blocks.
233  *
234  * The file system contains group descriptors which are located after the
235  * super block.  Each descriptor contains the number of the bitmap block and
236  * the free blocks count in the block.  The descriptors are loaded in memory
237  * when a file system is mounted (see ext4_fill_super).
238  */
239 
240 /**
241  * ext4_get_group_desc() -- load group descriptor from disk
242  * @sb:			super block
243  * @block_group:	given block group
244  * @bh:			pointer to the buffer head to store the block
245  *			group descriptor
246  */
247 struct ext4_group_desc * ext4_get_group_desc(struct super_block *sb,
248 					     ext4_group_t block_group,
249 					     struct buffer_head **bh)
250 {
251 	unsigned int group_desc;
252 	unsigned int offset;
253 	ext4_group_t ngroups = ext4_get_groups_count(sb);
254 	struct ext4_group_desc *desc;
255 	struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);
256 
257 	if (block_group >= ngroups) {
258 		ext4_error(sb, "block_group >= groups_count - block_group = %u,"
259 			   " groups_count = %u", block_group, ngroups);
260 
261 		return NULL;
262 	}
263 
264 	group_desc = block_group >> EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK_BITS(sb);
265 	offset = block_group & (EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb) - 1);
266 	if (!sbi->s_group_desc[group_desc]) {
267 		ext4_error(sb, "Group descriptor not loaded - "
268 			   "block_group = %u, group_desc = %u, desc = %u",
269 			   block_group, group_desc, offset);
270 		return NULL;
271 	}
272 
273 	desc = (struct ext4_group_desc *)(
274 		(__u8 *)sbi->s_group_desc[group_desc]->b_data +
275 		offset * EXT4_DESC_SIZE(sb));
276 	if (bh)
277 		*bh = sbi->s_group_desc[group_desc];
278 	return desc;
279 }
280 
281 /*
282  * Return the block number which was discovered to be invalid, or 0 if
283  * the block bitmap is valid.
284  */
285 static ext4_fsblk_t ext4_valid_block_bitmap(struct super_block *sb,
286 					    struct ext4_group_desc *desc,
287 					    unsigned int block_group,
288 					    struct buffer_head *bh)
289 {
290 	ext4_grpblk_t offset;
291 	ext4_grpblk_t next_zero_bit;
292 	ext4_fsblk_t blk;
293 	ext4_fsblk_t group_first_block;
294 
295 	if (EXT4_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(sb, EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FLEX_BG)) {
296 		/* with FLEX_BG, the inode/block bitmaps and itable
297 		 * blocks may not be in the group at all
298 		 * so the bitmap validation will be skipped for those groups
299 		 * or it has to also read the block group where the bitmaps
300 		 * are located to verify they are set.
301 		 */
302 		return 0;
303 	}
304 	group_first_block = ext4_group_first_block_no(sb, block_group);
305 
306 	/* check whether block bitmap block number is set */
307 	blk = ext4_block_bitmap(sb, desc);
308 	offset = blk - group_first_block;
309 	if (!ext4_test_bit(offset, bh->b_data))
310 		/* bad block bitmap */
311 		return blk;
312 
313 	/* check whether the inode bitmap block number is set */
314 	blk = ext4_inode_bitmap(sb, desc);
315 	offset = blk - group_first_block;
316 	if (!ext4_test_bit(offset, bh->b_data))
317 		/* bad block bitmap */
318 		return blk;
319 
320 	/* check whether the inode table block number is set */
321 	blk = ext4_inode_table(sb, desc);
322 	offset = blk - group_first_block;
323 	next_zero_bit = ext4_find_next_zero_bit(bh->b_data,
324 				offset + EXT4_SB(sb)->s_itb_per_group,
325 				offset);
326 	if (next_zero_bit < offset + EXT4_SB(sb)->s_itb_per_group)
327 		/* bad bitmap for inode tables */
328 		return blk;
329 	return 0;
330 }
331 
332 void ext4_validate_block_bitmap(struct super_block *sb,
333 			       struct ext4_group_desc *desc,
334 			       unsigned int block_group,
335 			       struct buffer_head *bh)
336 {
337 	ext4_fsblk_t	blk;
338 
339 	if (buffer_verified(bh))
340 		return;
341 
342 	ext4_lock_group(sb, block_group);
343 	blk = ext4_valid_block_bitmap(sb, desc, block_group, bh);
344 	if (unlikely(blk != 0)) {
345 		ext4_unlock_group(sb, block_group);
346 		ext4_error(sb, "bg %u: block %llu: invalid block bitmap",
347 			   block_group, blk);
348 		return;
349 	}
350 	if (unlikely(!ext4_block_bitmap_csum_verify(sb, block_group,
351 			desc, bh))) {
352 		ext4_unlock_group(sb, block_group);
353 		ext4_error(sb, "bg %u: bad block bitmap checksum", block_group);
354 		return;
355 	}
356 	set_buffer_verified(bh);
357 	ext4_unlock_group(sb, block_group);
358 }
359 
360 /**
361  * ext4_read_block_bitmap()
362  * @sb:			super block
363  * @block_group:	given block group
364  *
365  * Read the bitmap for a given block_group,and validate the
366  * bits for block/inode/inode tables are set in the bitmaps
367  *
368  * Return buffer_head on success or NULL in case of failure.
369  */
370 struct buffer_head *
371 ext4_read_block_bitmap_nowait(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t block_group)
372 {
373 	struct ext4_group_desc *desc;
374 	struct buffer_head *bh;
375 	ext4_fsblk_t bitmap_blk;
376 
377 	desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, block_group, NULL);
378 	if (!desc)
379 		return NULL;
380 	bitmap_blk = ext4_block_bitmap(sb, desc);
381 	bh = sb_getblk(sb, bitmap_blk);
382 	if (unlikely(!bh)) {
383 		ext4_error(sb, "Cannot get buffer for block bitmap - "
384 			   "block_group = %u, block_bitmap = %llu",
385 			   block_group, bitmap_blk);
386 		return NULL;
387 	}
388 
389 	if (bitmap_uptodate(bh))
390 		goto verify;
391 
392 	lock_buffer(bh);
393 	if (bitmap_uptodate(bh)) {
394 		unlock_buffer(bh);
395 		goto verify;
396 	}
397 	ext4_lock_group(sb, block_group);
398 	if (desc->bg_flags & cpu_to_le16(EXT4_BG_BLOCK_UNINIT)) {
399 		ext4_init_block_bitmap(sb, bh, block_group, desc);
400 		set_bitmap_uptodate(bh);
401 		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
402 		ext4_unlock_group(sb, block_group);
403 		unlock_buffer(bh);
404 		return bh;
405 	}
406 	ext4_unlock_group(sb, block_group);
407 	if (buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
408 		/*
409 		 * if not uninit if bh is uptodate,
410 		 * bitmap is also uptodate
411 		 */
412 		set_bitmap_uptodate(bh);
413 		unlock_buffer(bh);
414 		goto verify;
415 	}
416 	/*
417 	 * submit the buffer_head for reading
418 	 */
419 	set_buffer_new(bh);
420 	trace_ext4_read_block_bitmap_load(sb, block_group);
421 	bh->b_end_io = ext4_end_bitmap_read;
422 	get_bh(bh);
423 	submit_bh(READ, bh);
424 	return bh;
425 verify:
426 	ext4_validate_block_bitmap(sb, desc, block_group, bh);
427 	return bh;
428 }
429 
430 /* Returns 0 on success, 1 on error */
431 int ext4_wait_block_bitmap(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t block_group,
432 			   struct buffer_head *bh)
433 {
434 	struct ext4_group_desc *desc;
435 
436 	if (!buffer_new(bh))
437 		return 0;
438 	desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, block_group, NULL);
439 	if (!desc)
440 		return 1;
441 	wait_on_buffer(bh);
442 	if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
443 		ext4_error(sb, "Cannot read block bitmap - "
444 			   "block_group = %u, block_bitmap = %llu",
445 			   block_group, (unsigned long long) bh->b_blocknr);
446 		return 1;
447 	}
448 	clear_buffer_new(bh);
449 	/* Panic or remount fs read-only if block bitmap is invalid */
450 	ext4_validate_block_bitmap(sb, desc, block_group, bh);
451 	return 0;
452 }
453 
454 struct buffer_head *
455 ext4_read_block_bitmap(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t block_group)
456 {
457 	struct buffer_head *bh;
458 
459 	bh = ext4_read_block_bitmap_nowait(sb, block_group);
460 	if (ext4_wait_block_bitmap(sb, block_group, bh)) {
461 		put_bh(bh);
462 		return NULL;
463 	}
464 	return bh;
465 }
466 
467 /**
468  * ext4_has_free_clusters()
469  * @sbi:	in-core super block structure.
470  * @nclusters:	number of needed blocks
471  * @flags:	flags from ext4_mb_new_blocks()
472  *
473  * Check if filesystem has nclusters free & available for allocation.
474  * On success return 1, return 0 on failure.
475  */
476 static int ext4_has_free_clusters(struct ext4_sb_info *sbi,
477 				  s64 nclusters, unsigned int flags)
478 {
479 	s64 free_clusters, dirty_clusters, root_clusters;
480 	struct percpu_counter *fcc = &sbi->s_freeclusters_counter;
481 	struct percpu_counter *dcc = &sbi->s_dirtyclusters_counter;
482 
483 	free_clusters  = percpu_counter_read_positive(fcc);
484 	dirty_clusters = percpu_counter_read_positive(dcc);
485 	root_clusters = EXT4_B2C(sbi, ext4_r_blocks_count(sbi->s_es));
486 
487 	if (free_clusters - (nclusters + root_clusters + dirty_clusters) <
488 					EXT4_FREECLUSTERS_WATERMARK) {
489 		free_clusters  = EXT4_C2B(sbi, percpu_counter_sum_positive(fcc));
490 		dirty_clusters = percpu_counter_sum_positive(dcc);
491 	}
492 	/* Check whether we have space after accounting for current
493 	 * dirty clusters & root reserved clusters.
494 	 */
495 	if (free_clusters >= ((root_clusters + nclusters) + dirty_clusters))
496 		return 1;
497 
498 	/* Hm, nope.  Are (enough) root reserved clusters available? */
499 	if (uid_eq(sbi->s_resuid, current_fsuid()) ||
500 	    (!gid_eq(sbi->s_resgid, GLOBAL_ROOT_GID) && in_group_p(sbi->s_resgid)) ||
501 	    capable(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE) ||
502 		(flags & EXT4_MB_USE_ROOT_BLOCKS)) {
503 
504 		if (free_clusters >= (nclusters + dirty_clusters))
505 			return 1;
506 	}
507 
508 	return 0;
509 }
510 
511 int ext4_claim_free_clusters(struct ext4_sb_info *sbi,
512 			     s64 nclusters, unsigned int flags)
513 {
514 	if (ext4_has_free_clusters(sbi, nclusters, flags)) {
515 		percpu_counter_add(&sbi->s_dirtyclusters_counter, nclusters);
516 		return 0;
517 	} else
518 		return -ENOSPC;
519 }
520 
521 /**
522  * ext4_should_retry_alloc()
523  * @sb:			super block
524  * @retries		number of attemps has been made
525  *
526  * ext4_should_retry_alloc() is called when ENOSPC is returned, and if
527  * it is profitable to retry the operation, this function will wait
528  * for the current or committing transaction to complete, and then
529  * return TRUE.
530  *
531  * if the total number of retries exceed three times, return FALSE.
532  */
533 int ext4_should_retry_alloc(struct super_block *sb, int *retries)
534 {
535 	if (!ext4_has_free_clusters(EXT4_SB(sb), 1, 0) ||
536 	    (*retries)++ > 3 ||
537 	    !EXT4_SB(sb)->s_journal)
538 		return 0;
539 
540 	jbd_debug(1, "%s: retrying operation after ENOSPC\n", sb->s_id);
541 
542 	return jbd2_journal_force_commit_nested(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_journal);
543 }
544 
545 /*
546  * ext4_new_meta_blocks() -- allocate block for meta data (indexing) blocks
547  *
548  * @handle:             handle to this transaction
549  * @inode:              file inode
550  * @goal:               given target block(filesystem wide)
551  * @count:		pointer to total number of clusters needed
552  * @errp:               error code
553  *
554  * Return 1st allocated block number on success, *count stores total account
555  * error stores in errp pointer
556  */
557 ext4_fsblk_t ext4_new_meta_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
558 				  ext4_fsblk_t goal, unsigned int flags,
559 				  unsigned long *count, int *errp)
560 {
561 	struct ext4_allocation_request ar;
562 	ext4_fsblk_t ret;
563 
564 	memset(&ar, 0, sizeof(ar));
565 	/* Fill with neighbour allocated blocks */
566 	ar.inode = inode;
567 	ar.goal = goal;
568 	ar.len = count ? *count : 1;
569 	ar.flags = flags;
570 
571 	ret = ext4_mb_new_blocks(handle, &ar, errp);
572 	if (count)
573 		*count = ar.len;
574 	/*
575 	 * Account for the allocated meta blocks.  We will never
576 	 * fail EDQUOT for metdata, but we do account for it.
577 	 */
578 	if (!(*errp) &&
579 	    ext4_test_inode_state(inode, EXT4_STATE_DELALLOC_RESERVED)) {
580 		spin_lock(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_block_reservation_lock);
581 		EXT4_I(inode)->i_allocated_meta_blocks += ar.len;
582 		spin_unlock(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_block_reservation_lock);
583 		dquot_alloc_block_nofail(inode,
584 				EXT4_C2B(EXT4_SB(inode->i_sb), ar.len));
585 	}
586 	return ret;
587 }
588 
589 /**
590  * ext4_count_free_clusters() -- count filesystem free clusters
591  * @sb:		superblock
592  *
593  * Adds up the number of free clusters from each block group.
594  */
595 ext4_fsblk_t ext4_count_free_clusters(struct super_block *sb)
596 {
597 	ext4_fsblk_t desc_count;
598 	struct ext4_group_desc *gdp;
599 	ext4_group_t i;
600 	ext4_group_t ngroups = ext4_get_groups_count(sb);
601 #ifdef EXT4FS_DEBUG
602 	struct ext4_super_block *es;
603 	ext4_fsblk_t bitmap_count;
604 	unsigned int x;
605 	struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
606 
607 	es = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es;
608 	desc_count = 0;
609 	bitmap_count = 0;
610 	gdp = NULL;
611 
612 	for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
613 		gdp = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, i, NULL);
614 		if (!gdp)
615 			continue;
616 		desc_count += ext4_free_group_clusters(sb, gdp);
617 		brelse(bitmap_bh);
618 		bitmap_bh = ext4_read_block_bitmap(sb, i);
619 		if (bitmap_bh == NULL)
620 			continue;
621 
622 		x = ext4_count_free(bitmap_bh->b_data,
623 				    EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb) / 8);
624 		printk(KERN_DEBUG "group %u: stored = %d, counted = %u\n",
625 			i, ext4_free_group_clusters(sb, gdp), x);
626 		bitmap_count += x;
627 	}
628 	brelse(bitmap_bh);
629 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "ext4_count_free_clusters: stored = %llu"
630 	       ", computed = %llu, %llu\n",
631 	       EXT4_B2C(EXT4_SB(sb), ext4_free_blocks_count(es)),
632 	       desc_count, bitmap_count);
633 	return bitmap_count;
634 #else
635 	desc_count = 0;
636 	for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
637 		gdp = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, i, NULL);
638 		if (!gdp)
639 			continue;
640 		desc_count += ext4_free_group_clusters(sb, gdp);
641 	}
642 
643 	return desc_count;
644 #endif
645 }
646 
647 static inline int test_root(ext4_group_t a, int b)
648 {
649 	int num = b;
650 
651 	while (a > num)
652 		num *= b;
653 	return num == a;
654 }
655 
656 static int ext4_group_sparse(ext4_group_t group)
657 {
658 	if (group <= 1)
659 		return 1;
660 	if (!(group & 1))
661 		return 0;
662 	return (test_root(group, 7) || test_root(group, 5) ||
663 		test_root(group, 3));
664 }
665 
666 /**
667  *	ext4_bg_has_super - number of blocks used by the superblock in group
668  *	@sb: superblock for filesystem
669  *	@group: group number to check
670  *
671  *	Return the number of blocks used by the superblock (primary or backup)
672  *	in this group.  Currently this will be only 0 or 1.
673  */
674 int ext4_bg_has_super(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t group)
675 {
676 	if (EXT4_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb,
677 				EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER) &&
678 			!ext4_group_sparse(group))
679 		return 0;
680 	return 1;
681 }
682 
683 static unsigned long ext4_bg_num_gdb_meta(struct super_block *sb,
684 					ext4_group_t group)
685 {
686 	unsigned long metagroup = group / EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb);
687 	ext4_group_t first = metagroup * EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb);
688 	ext4_group_t last = first + EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb) - 1;
689 
690 	if (group == first || group == first + 1 || group == last)
691 		return 1;
692 	return 0;
693 }
694 
695 static unsigned long ext4_bg_num_gdb_nometa(struct super_block *sb,
696 					ext4_group_t group)
697 {
698 	if (!ext4_bg_has_super(sb, group))
699 		return 0;
700 
701 	if (EXT4_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(sb,EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG))
702 		return le32_to_cpu(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es->s_first_meta_bg);
703 	else
704 		return EXT4_SB(sb)->s_gdb_count;
705 }
706 
707 /**
708  *	ext4_bg_num_gdb - number of blocks used by the group table in group
709  *	@sb: superblock for filesystem
710  *	@group: group number to check
711  *
712  *	Return the number of blocks used by the group descriptor table
713  *	(primary or backup) in this group.  In the future there may be a
714  *	different number of descriptor blocks in each group.
715  */
716 unsigned long ext4_bg_num_gdb(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t group)
717 {
718 	unsigned long first_meta_bg =
719 			le32_to_cpu(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es->s_first_meta_bg);
720 	unsigned long metagroup = group / EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb);
721 
722 	if (!EXT4_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(sb,EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG) ||
723 			metagroup < first_meta_bg)
724 		return ext4_bg_num_gdb_nometa(sb, group);
725 
726 	return ext4_bg_num_gdb_meta(sb,group);
727 
728 }
729 
730 /*
731  * This function returns the number of file system metadata clusters at
732  * the beginning of a block group, including the reserved gdt blocks.
733  */
734 static unsigned ext4_num_base_meta_clusters(struct super_block *sb,
735 				     ext4_group_t block_group)
736 {
737 	struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);
738 	unsigned num;
739 
740 	/* Check for superblock and gdt backups in this group */
741 	num = ext4_bg_has_super(sb, block_group);
742 
743 	if (!EXT4_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(sb, EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG) ||
744 	    block_group < le32_to_cpu(sbi->s_es->s_first_meta_bg) *
745 			  sbi->s_desc_per_block) {
746 		if (num) {
747 			num += ext4_bg_num_gdb(sb, block_group);
748 			num += le16_to_cpu(sbi->s_es->s_reserved_gdt_blocks);
749 		}
750 	} else { /* For META_BG_BLOCK_GROUPS */
751 		num += ext4_bg_num_gdb(sb, block_group);
752 	}
753 	return EXT4_NUM_B2C(sbi, num);
754 }
755 /**
756  *	ext4_inode_to_goal_block - return a hint for block allocation
757  *	@inode: inode for block allocation
758  *
759  *	Return the ideal location to start allocating blocks for a
760  *	newly created inode.
761  */
762 ext4_fsblk_t ext4_inode_to_goal_block(struct inode *inode)
763 {
764 	struct ext4_inode_info *ei = EXT4_I(inode);
765 	ext4_group_t block_group;
766 	ext4_grpblk_t colour;
767 	int flex_size = ext4_flex_bg_size(EXT4_SB(inode->i_sb));
768 	ext4_fsblk_t bg_start;
769 	ext4_fsblk_t last_block;
770 
771 	block_group = ei->i_block_group;
772 	if (flex_size >= EXT4_FLEX_SIZE_DIR_ALLOC_SCHEME) {
773 		/*
774 		 * If there are at least EXT4_FLEX_SIZE_DIR_ALLOC_SCHEME
775 		 * block groups per flexgroup, reserve the first block
776 		 * group for directories and special files.  Regular
777 		 * files will start at the second block group.  This
778 		 * tends to speed up directory access and improves
779 		 * fsck times.
780 		 */
781 		block_group &= ~(flex_size-1);
782 		if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
783 			block_group++;
784 	}
785 	bg_start = ext4_group_first_block_no(inode->i_sb, block_group);
786 	last_block = ext4_blocks_count(EXT4_SB(inode->i_sb)->s_es) - 1;
787 
788 	/*
789 	 * If we are doing delayed allocation, we don't need take
790 	 * colour into account.
791 	 */
792 	if (test_opt(inode->i_sb, DELALLOC))
793 		return bg_start;
794 
795 	if (bg_start + EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb) <= last_block)
796 		colour = (current->pid % 16) *
797 			(EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb) / 16);
798 	else
799 		colour = (current->pid % 16) * ((last_block - bg_start) / 16);
800 	return bg_start + colour;
801 }
802 
803