1 #include <linux/ceph/ceph_debug.h> 2 3 #include <linux/backing-dev.h> 4 #include <linux/fs.h> 5 #include <linux/mm.h> 6 #include <linux/pagemap.h> 7 #include <linux/writeback.h> /* generic_writepages */ 8 #include <linux/slab.h> 9 #include <linux/pagevec.h> 10 #include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h> 11 #include <linux/signal.h> 12 13 #include "super.h" 14 #include "mds_client.h" 15 #include "cache.h" 16 #include <linux/ceph/osd_client.h> 17 18 /* 19 * Ceph address space ops. 20 * 21 * There are a few funny things going on here. 22 * 23 * The page->private field is used to reference a struct 24 * ceph_snap_context for _every_ dirty page. This indicates which 25 * snapshot the page was logically dirtied in, and thus which snap 26 * context needs to be associated with the osd write during writeback. 27 * 28 * Similarly, struct ceph_inode_info maintains a set of counters to 29 * count dirty pages on the inode. In the absence of snapshots, 30 * i_wrbuffer_ref == i_wrbuffer_ref_head == the dirty page count. 31 * 32 * When a snapshot is taken (that is, when the client receives 33 * notification that a snapshot was taken), each inode with caps and 34 * with dirty pages (dirty pages implies there is a cap) gets a new 35 * ceph_cap_snap in the i_cap_snaps list (which is sorted in ascending 36 * order, new snaps go to the tail). The i_wrbuffer_ref_head count is 37 * moved to capsnap->dirty. (Unless a sync write is currently in 38 * progress. In that case, the capsnap is said to be "pending", new 39 * writes cannot start, and the capsnap isn't "finalized" until the 40 * write completes (or fails) and a final size/mtime for the inode for 41 * that snap can be settled upon.) i_wrbuffer_ref_head is reset to 0. 42 * 43 * On writeback, we must submit writes to the osd IN SNAP ORDER. So, 44 * we look for the first capsnap in i_cap_snaps and write out pages in 45 * that snap context _only_. Then we move on to the next capsnap, 46 * eventually reaching the "live" or "head" context (i.e., pages that 47 * are not yet snapped) and are writing the most recently dirtied 48 * pages. 49 * 50 * Invalidate and so forth must take care to ensure the dirty page 51 * accounting is preserved. 52 */ 53 54 #define CONGESTION_ON_THRESH(congestion_kb) (congestion_kb >> (PAGE_SHIFT-10)) 55 #define CONGESTION_OFF_THRESH(congestion_kb) \ 56 (CONGESTION_ON_THRESH(congestion_kb) - \ 57 (CONGESTION_ON_THRESH(congestion_kb) >> 2)) 58 59 static inline struct ceph_snap_context *page_snap_context(struct page *page) 60 { 61 if (PagePrivate(page)) 62 return (void *)page->private; 63 return NULL; 64 } 65 66 /* 67 * Dirty a page. Optimistically adjust accounting, on the assumption 68 * that we won't race with invalidate. If we do, readjust. 69 */ 70 static int ceph_set_page_dirty(struct page *page) 71 { 72 struct address_space *mapping = page->mapping; 73 struct inode *inode; 74 struct ceph_inode_info *ci; 75 struct ceph_snap_context *snapc; 76 int ret; 77 78 if (unlikely(!mapping)) 79 return !TestSetPageDirty(page); 80 81 if (PageDirty(page)) { 82 dout("%p set_page_dirty %p idx %lu -- already dirty\n", 83 mapping->host, page, page->index); 84 BUG_ON(!PagePrivate(page)); 85 return 0; 86 } 87 88 inode = mapping->host; 89 ci = ceph_inode(inode); 90 91 /* dirty the head */ 92 spin_lock(&ci->i_ceph_lock); 93 BUG_ON(ci->i_wr_ref == 0); // caller should hold Fw reference 94 if (__ceph_have_pending_cap_snap(ci)) { 95 struct ceph_cap_snap *capsnap = 96 list_last_entry(&ci->i_cap_snaps, 97 struct ceph_cap_snap, 98 ci_item); 99 snapc = ceph_get_snap_context(capsnap->context); 100 capsnap->dirty_pages++; 101 } else { 102 BUG_ON(!ci->i_head_snapc); 103 snapc = ceph_get_snap_context(ci->i_head_snapc); 104 ++ci->i_wrbuffer_ref_head; 105 } 106 if (ci->i_wrbuffer_ref == 0) 107 ihold(inode); 108 ++ci->i_wrbuffer_ref; 109 dout("%p set_page_dirty %p idx %lu head %d/%d -> %d/%d " 110 "snapc %p seq %lld (%d snaps)\n", 111 mapping->host, page, page->index, 112 ci->i_wrbuffer_ref-1, ci->i_wrbuffer_ref_head-1, 113 ci->i_wrbuffer_ref, ci->i_wrbuffer_ref_head, 114 snapc, snapc->seq, snapc->num_snaps); 115 spin_unlock(&ci->i_ceph_lock); 116 117 /* 118 * Reference snap context in page->private. Also set 119 * PagePrivate so that we get invalidatepage callback. 120 */ 121 BUG_ON(PagePrivate(page)); 122 page->private = (unsigned long)snapc; 123 SetPagePrivate(page); 124 125 ret = __set_page_dirty_nobuffers(page); 126 WARN_ON(!PageLocked(page)); 127 WARN_ON(!page->mapping); 128 129 return ret; 130 } 131 132 /* 133 * If we are truncating the full page (i.e. offset == 0), adjust the 134 * dirty page counters appropriately. Only called if there is private 135 * data on the page. 136 */ 137 static void ceph_invalidatepage(struct page *page, unsigned int offset, 138 unsigned int length) 139 { 140 struct inode *inode; 141 struct ceph_inode_info *ci; 142 struct ceph_snap_context *snapc = page_snap_context(page); 143 144 inode = page->mapping->host; 145 ci = ceph_inode(inode); 146 147 if (offset != 0 || length != PAGE_SIZE) { 148 dout("%p invalidatepage %p idx %lu partial dirty page %u~%u\n", 149 inode, page, page->index, offset, length); 150 return; 151 } 152 153 ceph_invalidate_fscache_page(inode, page); 154 155 WARN_ON(!PageLocked(page)); 156 if (!PagePrivate(page)) 157 return; 158 159 ClearPageChecked(page); 160 161 dout("%p invalidatepage %p idx %lu full dirty page\n", 162 inode, page, page->index); 163 164 ceph_put_wrbuffer_cap_refs(ci, 1, snapc); 165 ceph_put_snap_context(snapc); 166 page->private = 0; 167 ClearPagePrivate(page); 168 } 169 170 static int ceph_releasepage(struct page *page, gfp_t g) 171 { 172 dout("%p releasepage %p idx %lu (%sdirty)\n", page->mapping->host, 173 page, page->index, PageDirty(page) ? "" : "not "); 174 175 /* Can we release the page from the cache? */ 176 if (!ceph_release_fscache_page(page, g)) 177 return 0; 178 179 return !PagePrivate(page); 180 } 181 182 /* 183 * read a single page, without unlocking it. 184 */ 185 static int ceph_do_readpage(struct file *filp, struct page *page) 186 { 187 struct inode *inode = file_inode(filp); 188 struct ceph_inode_info *ci = ceph_inode(inode); 189 struct ceph_osd_client *osdc = 190 &ceph_inode_to_client(inode)->client->osdc; 191 int err = 0; 192 u64 off = page_offset(page); 193 u64 len = PAGE_SIZE; 194 195 if (off >= i_size_read(inode)) { 196 zero_user_segment(page, 0, PAGE_SIZE); 197 SetPageUptodate(page); 198 return 0; 199 } 200 201 if (ci->i_inline_version != CEPH_INLINE_NONE) { 202 /* 203 * Uptodate inline data should have been added 204 * into page cache while getting Fcr caps. 205 */ 206 if (off == 0) 207 return -EINVAL; 208 zero_user_segment(page, 0, PAGE_SIZE); 209 SetPageUptodate(page); 210 return 0; 211 } 212 213 err = ceph_readpage_from_fscache(inode, page); 214 if (err == 0) 215 return -EINPROGRESS; 216 217 dout("readpage inode %p file %p page %p index %lu\n", 218 inode, filp, page, page->index); 219 err = ceph_osdc_readpages(osdc, ceph_vino(inode), &ci->i_layout, 220 off, &len, 221 ci->i_truncate_seq, ci->i_truncate_size, 222 &page, 1, 0); 223 if (err == -ENOENT) 224 err = 0; 225 if (err < 0) { 226 SetPageError(page); 227 ceph_fscache_readpage_cancel(inode, page); 228 goto out; 229 } 230 if (err < PAGE_SIZE) 231 /* zero fill remainder of page */ 232 zero_user_segment(page, err, PAGE_SIZE); 233 else 234 flush_dcache_page(page); 235 236 SetPageUptodate(page); 237 ceph_readpage_to_fscache(inode, page); 238 239 out: 240 return err < 0 ? err : 0; 241 } 242 243 static int ceph_readpage(struct file *filp, struct page *page) 244 { 245 int r = ceph_do_readpage(filp, page); 246 if (r != -EINPROGRESS) 247 unlock_page(page); 248 else 249 r = 0; 250 return r; 251 } 252 253 /* 254 * Finish an async read(ahead) op. 255 */ 256 static void finish_read(struct ceph_osd_request *req) 257 { 258 struct inode *inode = req->r_inode; 259 struct ceph_osd_data *osd_data; 260 int rc = req->r_result <= 0 ? req->r_result : 0; 261 int bytes = req->r_result >= 0 ? req->r_result : 0; 262 int num_pages; 263 int i; 264 265 dout("finish_read %p req %p rc %d bytes %d\n", inode, req, rc, bytes); 266 267 /* unlock all pages, zeroing any data we didn't read */ 268 osd_data = osd_req_op_extent_osd_data(req, 0); 269 BUG_ON(osd_data->type != CEPH_OSD_DATA_TYPE_PAGES); 270 num_pages = calc_pages_for((u64)osd_data->alignment, 271 (u64)osd_data->length); 272 for (i = 0; i < num_pages; i++) { 273 struct page *page = osd_data->pages[i]; 274 275 if (rc < 0 && rc != -ENOENT) { 276 ceph_fscache_readpage_cancel(inode, page); 277 goto unlock; 278 } 279 if (bytes < (int)PAGE_SIZE) { 280 /* zero (remainder of) page */ 281 int s = bytes < 0 ? 0 : bytes; 282 zero_user_segment(page, s, PAGE_SIZE); 283 } 284 dout("finish_read %p uptodate %p idx %lu\n", inode, page, 285 page->index); 286 flush_dcache_page(page); 287 SetPageUptodate(page); 288 ceph_readpage_to_fscache(inode, page); 289 unlock: 290 unlock_page(page); 291 put_page(page); 292 bytes -= PAGE_SIZE; 293 } 294 kfree(osd_data->pages); 295 } 296 297 /* 298 * start an async read(ahead) operation. return nr_pages we submitted 299 * a read for on success, or negative error code. 300 */ 301 static int start_read(struct inode *inode, struct list_head *page_list, int max) 302 { 303 struct ceph_osd_client *osdc = 304 &ceph_inode_to_client(inode)->client->osdc; 305 struct ceph_inode_info *ci = ceph_inode(inode); 306 struct page *page = list_entry(page_list->prev, struct page, lru); 307 struct ceph_vino vino; 308 struct ceph_osd_request *req; 309 u64 off; 310 u64 len; 311 int i; 312 struct page **pages; 313 pgoff_t next_index; 314 int nr_pages = 0; 315 int got = 0; 316 int ret = 0; 317 318 if (!current->journal_info) { 319 /* caller of readpages does not hold buffer and read caps 320 * (fadvise, madvise and readahead cases) */ 321 int want = CEPH_CAP_FILE_CACHE; 322 ret = ceph_try_get_caps(ci, CEPH_CAP_FILE_RD, want, &got); 323 if (ret < 0) { 324 dout("start_read %p, error getting cap\n", inode); 325 } else if (!(got & want)) { 326 dout("start_read %p, no cache cap\n", inode); 327 ret = 0; 328 } 329 if (ret <= 0) { 330 if (got) 331 ceph_put_cap_refs(ci, got); 332 while (!list_empty(page_list)) { 333 page = list_entry(page_list->prev, 334 struct page, lru); 335 list_del(&page->lru); 336 put_page(page); 337 } 338 return ret; 339 } 340 } 341 342 off = (u64) page_offset(page); 343 344 /* count pages */ 345 next_index = page->index; 346 list_for_each_entry_reverse(page, page_list, lru) { 347 if (page->index != next_index) 348 break; 349 nr_pages++; 350 next_index++; 351 if (max && nr_pages == max) 352 break; 353 } 354 len = nr_pages << PAGE_SHIFT; 355 dout("start_read %p nr_pages %d is %lld~%lld\n", inode, nr_pages, 356 off, len); 357 vino = ceph_vino(inode); 358 req = ceph_osdc_new_request(osdc, &ci->i_layout, vino, off, &len, 359 0, 1, CEPH_OSD_OP_READ, 360 CEPH_OSD_FLAG_READ, NULL, 361 ci->i_truncate_seq, ci->i_truncate_size, 362 false); 363 if (IS_ERR(req)) { 364 ret = PTR_ERR(req); 365 goto out; 366 } 367 368 /* build page vector */ 369 nr_pages = calc_pages_for(0, len); 370 pages = kmalloc(sizeof(*pages) * nr_pages, GFP_KERNEL); 371 if (!pages) { 372 ret = -ENOMEM; 373 goto out_put; 374 } 375 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; ++i) { 376 page = list_entry(page_list->prev, struct page, lru); 377 BUG_ON(PageLocked(page)); 378 list_del(&page->lru); 379 380 dout("start_read %p adding %p idx %lu\n", inode, page, 381 page->index); 382 if (add_to_page_cache_lru(page, &inode->i_data, page->index, 383 GFP_KERNEL)) { 384 ceph_fscache_uncache_page(inode, page); 385 put_page(page); 386 dout("start_read %p add_to_page_cache failed %p\n", 387 inode, page); 388 nr_pages = i; 389 if (nr_pages > 0) { 390 len = nr_pages << PAGE_SHIFT; 391 osd_req_op_extent_update(req, 0, len); 392 break; 393 } 394 goto out_pages; 395 } 396 pages[i] = page; 397 } 398 osd_req_op_extent_osd_data_pages(req, 0, pages, len, 0, false, false); 399 req->r_callback = finish_read; 400 req->r_inode = inode; 401 402 dout("start_read %p starting %p %lld~%lld\n", inode, req, off, len); 403 ret = ceph_osdc_start_request(osdc, req, false); 404 if (ret < 0) 405 goto out_pages; 406 ceph_osdc_put_request(req); 407 408 /* After adding locked pages to page cache, the inode holds cache cap. 409 * So we can drop our cap refs. */ 410 if (got) 411 ceph_put_cap_refs(ci, got); 412 413 return nr_pages; 414 415 out_pages: 416 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; ++i) { 417 ceph_fscache_readpage_cancel(inode, pages[i]); 418 unlock_page(pages[i]); 419 } 420 ceph_put_page_vector(pages, nr_pages, false); 421 out_put: 422 ceph_osdc_put_request(req); 423 out: 424 if (got) 425 ceph_put_cap_refs(ci, got); 426 return ret; 427 } 428 429 430 /* 431 * Read multiple pages. Leave pages we don't read + unlock in page_list; 432 * the caller (VM) cleans them up. 433 */ 434 static int ceph_readpages(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping, 435 struct list_head *page_list, unsigned nr_pages) 436 { 437 struct inode *inode = file_inode(file); 438 struct ceph_fs_client *fsc = ceph_inode_to_client(inode); 439 int rc = 0; 440 int max = 0; 441 442 if (ceph_inode(inode)->i_inline_version != CEPH_INLINE_NONE) 443 return -EINVAL; 444 445 rc = ceph_readpages_from_fscache(mapping->host, mapping, page_list, 446 &nr_pages); 447 448 if (rc == 0) 449 goto out; 450 451 max = fsc->mount_options->rsize >> PAGE_SHIFT; 452 dout("readpages %p file %p nr_pages %d max %d\n", 453 inode, file, nr_pages, max); 454 while (!list_empty(page_list)) { 455 rc = start_read(inode, page_list, max); 456 if (rc < 0) 457 goto out; 458 } 459 out: 460 ceph_fscache_readpages_cancel(inode, page_list); 461 462 dout("readpages %p file %p ret %d\n", inode, file, rc); 463 return rc; 464 } 465 466 struct ceph_writeback_ctl 467 { 468 loff_t i_size; 469 u64 truncate_size; 470 u32 truncate_seq; 471 bool size_stable; 472 }; 473 474 /* 475 * Get ref for the oldest snapc for an inode with dirty data... that is, the 476 * only snap context we are allowed to write back. 477 */ 478 static struct ceph_snap_context * 479 get_oldest_context(struct inode *inode, struct ceph_writeback_ctl *ctl, 480 struct ceph_snap_context *page_snapc) 481 { 482 struct ceph_inode_info *ci = ceph_inode(inode); 483 struct ceph_snap_context *snapc = NULL; 484 struct ceph_cap_snap *capsnap = NULL; 485 486 spin_lock(&ci->i_ceph_lock); 487 list_for_each_entry(capsnap, &ci->i_cap_snaps, ci_item) { 488 dout(" cap_snap %p snapc %p has %d dirty pages\n", capsnap, 489 capsnap->context, capsnap->dirty_pages); 490 if (!capsnap->dirty_pages) 491 continue; 492 493 /* get i_size, truncate_{seq,size} for page_snapc? */ 494 if (snapc && capsnap->context != page_snapc) 495 continue; 496 497 if (ctl) { 498 if (capsnap->writing) { 499 ctl->i_size = i_size_read(inode); 500 ctl->size_stable = false; 501 } else { 502 ctl->i_size = capsnap->size; 503 ctl->size_stable = true; 504 } 505 ctl->truncate_size = capsnap->truncate_size; 506 ctl->truncate_seq = capsnap->truncate_seq; 507 } 508 509 if (snapc) 510 break; 511 512 snapc = ceph_get_snap_context(capsnap->context); 513 if (!page_snapc || 514 page_snapc == snapc || 515 page_snapc->seq > snapc->seq) 516 break; 517 } 518 if (!snapc && ci->i_wrbuffer_ref_head) { 519 snapc = ceph_get_snap_context(ci->i_head_snapc); 520 dout(" head snapc %p has %d dirty pages\n", 521 snapc, ci->i_wrbuffer_ref_head); 522 if (ctl) { 523 ctl->i_size = i_size_read(inode); 524 ctl->truncate_size = ci->i_truncate_size; 525 ctl->truncate_seq = ci->i_truncate_seq; 526 ctl->size_stable = false; 527 } 528 } 529 spin_unlock(&ci->i_ceph_lock); 530 return snapc; 531 } 532 533 static u64 get_writepages_data_length(struct inode *inode, 534 struct page *page, u64 start) 535 { 536 struct ceph_inode_info *ci = ceph_inode(inode); 537 struct ceph_snap_context *snapc = page_snap_context(page); 538 struct ceph_cap_snap *capsnap = NULL; 539 u64 end = i_size_read(inode); 540 541 if (snapc != ci->i_head_snapc) { 542 bool found = false; 543 spin_lock(&ci->i_ceph_lock); 544 list_for_each_entry(capsnap, &ci->i_cap_snaps, ci_item) { 545 if (capsnap->context == snapc) { 546 if (!capsnap->writing) 547 end = capsnap->size; 548 found = true; 549 break; 550 } 551 } 552 spin_unlock(&ci->i_ceph_lock); 553 WARN_ON(!found); 554 } 555 if (end > page_offset(page) + PAGE_SIZE) 556 end = page_offset(page) + PAGE_SIZE; 557 return end > start ? end - start : 0; 558 } 559 560 /* 561 * Write a single page, but leave the page locked. 562 * 563 * If we get a write error, set the page error bit, but still adjust the 564 * dirty page accounting (i.e., page is no longer dirty). 565 */ 566 static int writepage_nounlock(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc) 567 { 568 struct inode *inode; 569 struct ceph_inode_info *ci; 570 struct ceph_fs_client *fsc; 571 struct ceph_snap_context *snapc, *oldest; 572 loff_t page_off = page_offset(page); 573 long writeback_stat; 574 int err, len = PAGE_SIZE; 575 struct ceph_writeback_ctl ceph_wbc; 576 577 dout("writepage %p idx %lu\n", page, page->index); 578 579 inode = page->mapping->host; 580 ci = ceph_inode(inode); 581 fsc = ceph_inode_to_client(inode); 582 583 /* verify this is a writeable snap context */ 584 snapc = page_snap_context(page); 585 if (!snapc) { 586 dout("writepage %p page %p not dirty?\n", inode, page); 587 return 0; 588 } 589 oldest = get_oldest_context(inode, &ceph_wbc, snapc); 590 if (snapc->seq > oldest->seq) { 591 dout("writepage %p page %p snapc %p not writeable - noop\n", 592 inode, page, snapc); 593 /* we should only noop if called by kswapd */ 594 WARN_ON(!(current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC)); 595 ceph_put_snap_context(oldest); 596 redirty_page_for_writepage(wbc, page); 597 return 0; 598 } 599 ceph_put_snap_context(oldest); 600 601 /* is this a partial page at end of file? */ 602 if (page_off >= ceph_wbc.i_size) { 603 dout("%p page eof %llu\n", page, ceph_wbc.i_size); 604 page->mapping->a_ops->invalidatepage(page, 0, PAGE_SIZE); 605 return 0; 606 } 607 608 if (ceph_wbc.i_size < page_off + len) 609 len = ceph_wbc.i_size - page_off; 610 611 dout("writepage %p page %p index %lu on %llu~%u snapc %p seq %lld\n", 612 inode, page, page->index, page_off, len, snapc, snapc->seq); 613 614 writeback_stat = atomic_long_inc_return(&fsc->writeback_count); 615 if (writeback_stat > 616 CONGESTION_ON_THRESH(fsc->mount_options->congestion_kb)) 617 set_bdi_congested(inode_to_bdi(inode), BLK_RW_ASYNC); 618 619 set_page_writeback(page); 620 err = ceph_osdc_writepages(&fsc->client->osdc, ceph_vino(inode), 621 &ci->i_layout, snapc, page_off, len, 622 ceph_wbc.truncate_seq, 623 ceph_wbc.truncate_size, 624 &inode->i_mtime, &page, 1); 625 if (err < 0) { 626 struct writeback_control tmp_wbc; 627 if (!wbc) 628 wbc = &tmp_wbc; 629 if (err == -ERESTARTSYS) { 630 /* killed by SIGKILL */ 631 dout("writepage interrupted page %p\n", page); 632 redirty_page_for_writepage(wbc, page); 633 end_page_writeback(page); 634 return err; 635 } 636 dout("writepage setting page/mapping error %d %p\n", 637 err, page); 638 SetPageError(page); 639 mapping_set_error(&inode->i_data, err); 640 wbc->pages_skipped++; 641 } else { 642 dout("writepage cleaned page %p\n", page); 643 err = 0; /* vfs expects us to return 0 */ 644 } 645 page->private = 0; 646 ClearPagePrivate(page); 647 end_page_writeback(page); 648 ceph_put_wrbuffer_cap_refs(ci, 1, snapc); 649 ceph_put_snap_context(snapc); /* page's reference */ 650 return err; 651 } 652 653 static int ceph_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc) 654 { 655 int err; 656 struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host; 657 BUG_ON(!inode); 658 ihold(inode); 659 err = writepage_nounlock(page, wbc); 660 if (err == -ERESTARTSYS) { 661 /* direct memory reclaimer was killed by SIGKILL. return 0 662 * to prevent caller from setting mapping/page error */ 663 err = 0; 664 } 665 unlock_page(page); 666 iput(inode); 667 return err; 668 } 669 670 /* 671 * lame release_pages helper. release_pages() isn't exported to 672 * modules. 673 */ 674 static void ceph_release_pages(struct page **pages, int num) 675 { 676 struct pagevec pvec; 677 int i; 678 679 pagevec_init(&pvec, 0); 680 for (i = 0; i < num; i++) { 681 if (pagevec_add(&pvec, pages[i]) == 0) 682 pagevec_release(&pvec); 683 } 684 pagevec_release(&pvec); 685 } 686 687 /* 688 * async writeback completion handler. 689 * 690 * If we get an error, set the mapping error bit, but not the individual 691 * page error bits. 692 */ 693 static void writepages_finish(struct ceph_osd_request *req) 694 { 695 struct inode *inode = req->r_inode; 696 struct ceph_inode_info *ci = ceph_inode(inode); 697 struct ceph_osd_data *osd_data; 698 struct page *page; 699 int num_pages, total_pages = 0; 700 int i, j; 701 int rc = req->r_result; 702 struct ceph_snap_context *snapc = req->r_snapc; 703 struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping; 704 struct ceph_fs_client *fsc = ceph_inode_to_client(inode); 705 bool remove_page; 706 707 dout("writepages_finish %p rc %d\n", inode, rc); 708 if (rc < 0) { 709 mapping_set_error(mapping, rc); 710 ceph_set_error_write(ci); 711 } else { 712 ceph_clear_error_write(ci); 713 } 714 715 /* 716 * We lost the cache cap, need to truncate the page before 717 * it is unlocked, otherwise we'd truncate it later in the 718 * page truncation thread, possibly losing some data that 719 * raced its way in 720 */ 721 remove_page = !(ceph_caps_issued(ci) & 722 (CEPH_CAP_FILE_CACHE|CEPH_CAP_FILE_LAZYIO)); 723 724 /* clean all pages */ 725 for (i = 0; i < req->r_num_ops; i++) { 726 if (req->r_ops[i].op != CEPH_OSD_OP_WRITE) 727 break; 728 729 osd_data = osd_req_op_extent_osd_data(req, i); 730 BUG_ON(osd_data->type != CEPH_OSD_DATA_TYPE_PAGES); 731 num_pages = calc_pages_for((u64)osd_data->alignment, 732 (u64)osd_data->length); 733 total_pages += num_pages; 734 for (j = 0; j < num_pages; j++) { 735 page = osd_data->pages[j]; 736 BUG_ON(!page); 737 WARN_ON(!PageUptodate(page)); 738 739 if (atomic_long_dec_return(&fsc->writeback_count) < 740 CONGESTION_OFF_THRESH( 741 fsc->mount_options->congestion_kb)) 742 clear_bdi_congested(inode_to_bdi(inode), 743 BLK_RW_ASYNC); 744 745 ceph_put_snap_context(page_snap_context(page)); 746 page->private = 0; 747 ClearPagePrivate(page); 748 dout("unlocking %p\n", page); 749 end_page_writeback(page); 750 751 if (remove_page) 752 generic_error_remove_page(inode->i_mapping, 753 page); 754 755 unlock_page(page); 756 } 757 dout("writepages_finish %p wrote %llu bytes cleaned %d pages\n", 758 inode, osd_data->length, rc >= 0 ? num_pages : 0); 759 760 ceph_release_pages(osd_data->pages, num_pages); 761 } 762 763 ceph_put_wrbuffer_cap_refs(ci, total_pages, snapc); 764 765 osd_data = osd_req_op_extent_osd_data(req, 0); 766 if (osd_data->pages_from_pool) 767 mempool_free(osd_data->pages, 768 ceph_sb_to_client(inode->i_sb)->wb_pagevec_pool); 769 else 770 kfree(osd_data->pages); 771 ceph_osdc_put_request(req); 772 } 773 774 /* 775 * initiate async writeback 776 */ 777 static int ceph_writepages_start(struct address_space *mapping, 778 struct writeback_control *wbc) 779 { 780 struct inode *inode = mapping->host; 781 struct ceph_inode_info *ci = ceph_inode(inode); 782 struct ceph_fs_client *fsc = ceph_inode_to_client(inode); 783 struct ceph_vino vino = ceph_vino(inode); 784 pgoff_t index, start, end; 785 int range_whole = 0; 786 int should_loop = 1; 787 pgoff_t max_pages = 0, max_pages_ever = 0; 788 struct ceph_snap_context *snapc = NULL, *last_snapc = NULL, *pgsnapc; 789 struct pagevec pvec; 790 int done = 0; 791 int rc = 0; 792 unsigned int wsize = i_blocksize(inode); 793 struct ceph_osd_request *req = NULL; 794 struct ceph_writeback_ctl ceph_wbc; 795 796 dout("writepages_start %p (mode=%s)\n", inode, 797 wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_NONE ? "NONE" : 798 (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL ? "ALL" : "HOLD")); 799 800 if (READ_ONCE(fsc->mount_state) == CEPH_MOUNT_SHUTDOWN) { 801 if (ci->i_wrbuffer_ref > 0) { 802 pr_warn_ratelimited( 803 "writepage_start %p %lld forced umount\n", 804 inode, ceph_ino(inode)); 805 } 806 mapping_set_error(mapping, -EIO); 807 return -EIO; /* we're in a forced umount, don't write! */ 808 } 809 if (fsc->mount_options->wsize < wsize) 810 wsize = fsc->mount_options->wsize; 811 max_pages_ever = wsize >> PAGE_SHIFT; 812 813 pagevec_init(&pvec, 0); 814 815 /* where to start/end? */ 816 if (wbc->range_cyclic) { 817 start = mapping->writeback_index; /* Start from prev offset */ 818 end = -1; 819 dout(" cyclic, start at %lu\n", start); 820 } else { 821 start = wbc->range_start >> PAGE_SHIFT; 822 end = wbc->range_end >> PAGE_SHIFT; 823 if (wbc->range_start == 0 && wbc->range_end == LLONG_MAX) 824 range_whole = 1; 825 should_loop = 0; 826 dout(" not cyclic, %lu to %lu\n", start, end); 827 } 828 index = start; 829 830 retry: 831 /* find oldest snap context with dirty data */ 832 ceph_put_snap_context(snapc); 833 snapc = get_oldest_context(inode, &ceph_wbc, NULL); 834 if (!snapc) { 835 /* hmm, why does writepages get called when there 836 is no dirty data? */ 837 dout(" no snap context with dirty data?\n"); 838 goto out; 839 } 840 dout(" oldest snapc is %p seq %lld (%d snaps)\n", 841 snapc, snapc->seq, snapc->num_snaps); 842 843 if (last_snapc && snapc != last_snapc) { 844 /* if we switched to a newer snapc, restart our scan at the 845 * start of the original file range. */ 846 dout(" snapc differs from last pass, restarting at %lu\n", 847 index); 848 index = start; 849 } 850 last_snapc = snapc; 851 852 while (!done && index <= end) { 853 unsigned i; 854 pgoff_t strip_unit_end = 0; 855 int num_ops = 0, op_idx; 856 int pvec_pages, locked_pages = 0; 857 struct page **pages = NULL, **data_pages; 858 mempool_t *pool = NULL; /* Becomes non-null if mempool used */ 859 struct page *page; 860 int want; 861 u64 offset = 0, len = 0; 862 863 max_pages = max_pages_ever; 864 865 get_more_pages: 866 want = min(end - index, 867 min((pgoff_t)PAGEVEC_SIZE, 868 max_pages - (pgoff_t)locked_pages) - 1) 869 + 1; 870 pvec_pages = pagevec_lookup_tag(&pvec, mapping, &index, 871 PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY, 872 want); 873 dout("pagevec_lookup_tag got %d\n", pvec_pages); 874 if (!pvec_pages && !locked_pages) 875 break; 876 for (i = 0; i < pvec_pages && locked_pages < max_pages; i++) { 877 page = pvec.pages[i]; 878 dout("? %p idx %lu\n", page, page->index); 879 if (locked_pages == 0) 880 lock_page(page); /* first page */ 881 else if (!trylock_page(page)) 882 break; 883 884 /* only dirty pages, or our accounting breaks */ 885 if (unlikely(!PageDirty(page)) || 886 unlikely(page->mapping != mapping)) { 887 dout("!dirty or !mapping %p\n", page); 888 unlock_page(page); 889 continue; 890 } 891 if (!wbc->range_cyclic && page->index > end) { 892 dout("end of range %p\n", page); 893 done = 1; 894 unlock_page(page); 895 break; 896 } 897 if (strip_unit_end && (page->index > strip_unit_end)) { 898 dout("end of strip unit %p\n", page); 899 unlock_page(page); 900 break; 901 } 902 if (page_offset(page) >= ceph_wbc.i_size) { 903 dout("%p page eof %llu\n", 904 page, ceph_wbc.i_size); 905 done = 1; 906 unlock_page(page); 907 break; 908 } 909 if (PageWriteback(page)) { 910 if (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_NONE) { 911 dout("%p under writeback\n", page); 912 unlock_page(page); 913 continue; 914 } 915 dout("waiting on writeback %p\n", page); 916 wait_on_page_writeback(page); 917 } 918 919 /* only if matching snap context */ 920 pgsnapc = page_snap_context(page); 921 if (pgsnapc->seq > snapc->seq) { 922 dout("page snapc %p %lld > oldest %p %lld\n", 923 pgsnapc, pgsnapc->seq, snapc, snapc->seq); 924 unlock_page(page); 925 continue; 926 } 927 928 if (!clear_page_dirty_for_io(page)) { 929 dout("%p !clear_page_dirty_for_io\n", page); 930 unlock_page(page); 931 continue; 932 } 933 934 /* 935 * We have something to write. If this is 936 * the first locked page this time through, 937 * calculate max possinle write size and 938 * allocate a page array 939 */ 940 if (locked_pages == 0) { 941 u64 objnum; 942 u64 objoff; 943 944 /* prepare async write request */ 945 offset = (u64)page_offset(page); 946 len = wsize; 947 948 rc = ceph_calc_file_object_mapping(&ci->i_layout, 949 offset, len, 950 &objnum, &objoff, 951 &len); 952 if (rc < 0) { 953 unlock_page(page); 954 break; 955 } 956 957 num_ops = 1; 958 strip_unit_end = page->index + 959 ((len - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT); 960 961 BUG_ON(pages); 962 max_pages = calc_pages_for(0, (u64)len); 963 pages = kmalloc(max_pages * sizeof (*pages), 964 GFP_NOFS); 965 if (!pages) { 966 pool = fsc->wb_pagevec_pool; 967 pages = mempool_alloc(pool, GFP_NOFS); 968 BUG_ON(!pages); 969 } 970 971 len = 0; 972 } else if (page->index != 973 (offset + len) >> PAGE_SHIFT) { 974 if (num_ops >= (pool ? CEPH_OSD_SLAB_OPS : 975 CEPH_OSD_MAX_OPS)) { 976 redirty_page_for_writepage(wbc, page); 977 unlock_page(page); 978 break; 979 } 980 981 num_ops++; 982 offset = (u64)page_offset(page); 983 len = 0; 984 } 985 986 /* note position of first page in pvec */ 987 dout("%p will write page %p idx %lu\n", 988 inode, page, page->index); 989 990 if (atomic_long_inc_return(&fsc->writeback_count) > 991 CONGESTION_ON_THRESH( 992 fsc->mount_options->congestion_kb)) { 993 set_bdi_congested(inode_to_bdi(inode), 994 BLK_RW_ASYNC); 995 } 996 997 998 pages[locked_pages++] = page; 999 pvec.pages[i] = NULL; 1000 1001 len += PAGE_SIZE; 1002 } 1003 1004 /* did we get anything? */ 1005 if (!locked_pages) 1006 goto release_pvec_pages; 1007 if (i) { 1008 unsigned j, n = 0; 1009 /* shift unused page to beginning of pvec */ 1010 for (j = 0; j < pvec_pages; j++) { 1011 if (!pvec.pages[j]) 1012 continue; 1013 if (n < j) 1014 pvec.pages[n] = pvec.pages[j]; 1015 n++; 1016 } 1017 pvec.nr = n; 1018 1019 if (pvec_pages && i == pvec_pages && 1020 locked_pages < max_pages) { 1021 dout("reached end pvec, trying for more\n"); 1022 pagevec_release(&pvec); 1023 goto get_more_pages; 1024 } 1025 } 1026 1027 new_request: 1028 offset = page_offset(pages[0]); 1029 len = wsize; 1030 1031 req = ceph_osdc_new_request(&fsc->client->osdc, 1032 &ci->i_layout, vino, 1033 offset, &len, 0, num_ops, 1034 CEPH_OSD_OP_WRITE, CEPH_OSD_FLAG_WRITE, 1035 snapc, ceph_wbc.truncate_seq, 1036 ceph_wbc.truncate_size, false); 1037 if (IS_ERR(req)) { 1038 req = ceph_osdc_new_request(&fsc->client->osdc, 1039 &ci->i_layout, vino, 1040 offset, &len, 0, 1041 min(num_ops, 1042 CEPH_OSD_SLAB_OPS), 1043 CEPH_OSD_OP_WRITE, 1044 CEPH_OSD_FLAG_WRITE, 1045 snapc, ceph_wbc.truncate_seq, 1046 ceph_wbc.truncate_size, true); 1047 BUG_ON(IS_ERR(req)); 1048 } 1049 BUG_ON(len < page_offset(pages[locked_pages - 1]) + 1050 PAGE_SIZE - offset); 1051 1052 req->r_callback = writepages_finish; 1053 req->r_inode = inode; 1054 1055 /* Format the osd request message and submit the write */ 1056 len = 0; 1057 data_pages = pages; 1058 op_idx = 0; 1059 for (i = 0; i < locked_pages; i++) { 1060 u64 cur_offset = page_offset(pages[i]); 1061 if (offset + len != cur_offset) { 1062 if (op_idx + 1 == req->r_num_ops) 1063 break; 1064 osd_req_op_extent_dup_last(req, op_idx, 1065 cur_offset - offset); 1066 dout("writepages got pages at %llu~%llu\n", 1067 offset, len); 1068 osd_req_op_extent_osd_data_pages(req, op_idx, 1069 data_pages, len, 0, 1070 !!pool, false); 1071 osd_req_op_extent_update(req, op_idx, len); 1072 1073 len = 0; 1074 offset = cur_offset; 1075 data_pages = pages + i; 1076 op_idx++; 1077 } 1078 1079 set_page_writeback(pages[i]); 1080 len += PAGE_SIZE; 1081 } 1082 1083 if (ceph_wbc.size_stable) { 1084 len = min(len, ceph_wbc.i_size - offset); 1085 } else if (i == locked_pages) { 1086 /* writepages_finish() clears writeback pages 1087 * according to the data length, so make sure 1088 * data length covers all locked pages */ 1089 u64 min_len = len + 1 - PAGE_SIZE; 1090 len = get_writepages_data_length(inode, pages[i - 1], 1091 offset); 1092 len = max(len, min_len); 1093 } 1094 dout("writepages got pages at %llu~%llu\n", offset, len); 1095 1096 osd_req_op_extent_osd_data_pages(req, op_idx, data_pages, len, 1097 0, !!pool, false); 1098 osd_req_op_extent_update(req, op_idx, len); 1099 1100 BUG_ON(op_idx + 1 != req->r_num_ops); 1101 1102 pool = NULL; 1103 if (i < locked_pages) { 1104 BUG_ON(num_ops <= req->r_num_ops); 1105 num_ops -= req->r_num_ops; 1106 locked_pages -= i; 1107 1108 /* allocate new pages array for next request */ 1109 data_pages = pages; 1110 pages = kmalloc(locked_pages * sizeof (*pages), 1111 GFP_NOFS); 1112 if (!pages) { 1113 pool = fsc->wb_pagevec_pool; 1114 pages = mempool_alloc(pool, GFP_NOFS); 1115 BUG_ON(!pages); 1116 } 1117 memcpy(pages, data_pages + i, 1118 locked_pages * sizeof(*pages)); 1119 memset(data_pages + i, 0, 1120 locked_pages * sizeof(*pages)); 1121 } else { 1122 BUG_ON(num_ops != req->r_num_ops); 1123 index = pages[i - 1]->index + 1; 1124 /* request message now owns the pages array */ 1125 pages = NULL; 1126 } 1127 1128 req->r_mtime = inode->i_mtime; 1129 rc = ceph_osdc_start_request(&fsc->client->osdc, req, true); 1130 BUG_ON(rc); 1131 req = NULL; 1132 1133 wbc->nr_to_write -= i; 1134 if (pages) 1135 goto new_request; 1136 1137 if (wbc->nr_to_write <= 0) 1138 done = 1; 1139 1140 release_pvec_pages: 1141 dout("pagevec_release on %d pages (%p)\n", (int)pvec.nr, 1142 pvec.nr ? pvec.pages[0] : NULL); 1143 pagevec_release(&pvec); 1144 1145 if (locked_pages && !done) 1146 goto retry; 1147 } 1148 1149 if (should_loop && !done) { 1150 /* more to do; loop back to beginning of file */ 1151 dout("writepages looping back to beginning of file\n"); 1152 should_loop = 0; 1153 index = 0; 1154 goto retry; 1155 } 1156 1157 if (wbc->range_cyclic || (range_whole && wbc->nr_to_write > 0)) 1158 mapping->writeback_index = index; 1159 1160 out: 1161 ceph_osdc_put_request(req); 1162 ceph_put_snap_context(snapc); 1163 dout("writepages done, rc = %d\n", rc); 1164 return rc; 1165 } 1166 1167 1168 1169 /* 1170 * See if a given @snapc is either writeable, or already written. 1171 */ 1172 static int context_is_writeable_or_written(struct inode *inode, 1173 struct ceph_snap_context *snapc) 1174 { 1175 struct ceph_snap_context *oldest = get_oldest_context(inode, NULL, NULL); 1176 int ret = !oldest || snapc->seq <= oldest->seq; 1177 1178 ceph_put_snap_context(oldest); 1179 return ret; 1180 } 1181 1182 /* 1183 * We are only allowed to write into/dirty the page if the page is 1184 * clean, or already dirty within the same snap context. 1185 * 1186 * called with page locked. 1187 * return success with page locked, 1188 * or any failure (incl -EAGAIN) with page unlocked. 1189 */ 1190 static int ceph_update_writeable_page(struct file *file, 1191 loff_t pos, unsigned len, 1192 struct page *page) 1193 { 1194 struct inode *inode = file_inode(file); 1195 struct ceph_fs_client *fsc = ceph_inode_to_client(inode); 1196 struct ceph_inode_info *ci = ceph_inode(inode); 1197 loff_t page_off = pos & PAGE_MASK; 1198 int pos_in_page = pos & ~PAGE_MASK; 1199 int end_in_page = pos_in_page + len; 1200 loff_t i_size; 1201 int r; 1202 struct ceph_snap_context *snapc, *oldest; 1203 1204 if (READ_ONCE(fsc->mount_state) == CEPH_MOUNT_SHUTDOWN) { 1205 dout(" page %p forced umount\n", page); 1206 unlock_page(page); 1207 return -EIO; 1208 } 1209 1210 retry_locked: 1211 /* writepages currently holds page lock, but if we change that later, */ 1212 wait_on_page_writeback(page); 1213 1214 snapc = page_snap_context(page); 1215 if (snapc && snapc != ci->i_head_snapc) { 1216 /* 1217 * this page is already dirty in another (older) snap 1218 * context! is it writeable now? 1219 */ 1220 oldest = get_oldest_context(inode, NULL, NULL); 1221 if (snapc->seq > oldest->seq) { 1222 ceph_put_snap_context(oldest); 1223 dout(" page %p snapc %p not current or oldest\n", 1224 page, snapc); 1225 /* 1226 * queue for writeback, and wait for snapc to 1227 * be writeable or written 1228 */ 1229 snapc = ceph_get_snap_context(snapc); 1230 unlock_page(page); 1231 ceph_queue_writeback(inode); 1232 r = wait_event_killable(ci->i_cap_wq, 1233 context_is_writeable_or_written(inode, snapc)); 1234 ceph_put_snap_context(snapc); 1235 if (r == -ERESTARTSYS) 1236 return r; 1237 return -EAGAIN; 1238 } 1239 ceph_put_snap_context(oldest); 1240 1241 /* yay, writeable, do it now (without dropping page lock) */ 1242 dout(" page %p snapc %p not current, but oldest\n", 1243 page, snapc); 1244 if (!clear_page_dirty_for_io(page)) 1245 goto retry_locked; 1246 r = writepage_nounlock(page, NULL); 1247 if (r < 0) 1248 goto fail_unlock; 1249 goto retry_locked; 1250 } 1251 1252 if (PageUptodate(page)) { 1253 dout(" page %p already uptodate\n", page); 1254 return 0; 1255 } 1256 1257 /* full page? */ 1258 if (pos_in_page == 0 && len == PAGE_SIZE) 1259 return 0; 1260 1261 /* past end of file? */ 1262 i_size = i_size_read(inode); 1263 1264 if (page_off >= i_size || 1265 (pos_in_page == 0 && (pos+len) >= i_size && 1266 end_in_page - pos_in_page != PAGE_SIZE)) { 1267 dout(" zeroing %p 0 - %d and %d - %d\n", 1268 page, pos_in_page, end_in_page, (int)PAGE_SIZE); 1269 zero_user_segments(page, 1270 0, pos_in_page, 1271 end_in_page, PAGE_SIZE); 1272 return 0; 1273 } 1274 1275 /* we need to read it. */ 1276 r = ceph_do_readpage(file, page); 1277 if (r < 0) { 1278 if (r == -EINPROGRESS) 1279 return -EAGAIN; 1280 goto fail_unlock; 1281 } 1282 goto retry_locked; 1283 fail_unlock: 1284 unlock_page(page); 1285 return r; 1286 } 1287 1288 /* 1289 * We are only allowed to write into/dirty the page if the page is 1290 * clean, or already dirty within the same snap context. 1291 */ 1292 static int ceph_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping, 1293 loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned flags, 1294 struct page **pagep, void **fsdata) 1295 { 1296 struct inode *inode = file_inode(file); 1297 struct page *page; 1298 pgoff_t index = pos >> PAGE_SHIFT; 1299 int r; 1300 1301 do { 1302 /* get a page */ 1303 page = grab_cache_page_write_begin(mapping, index, 0); 1304 if (!page) 1305 return -ENOMEM; 1306 1307 dout("write_begin file %p inode %p page %p %d~%d\n", file, 1308 inode, page, (int)pos, (int)len); 1309 1310 r = ceph_update_writeable_page(file, pos, len, page); 1311 if (r < 0) 1312 put_page(page); 1313 else 1314 *pagep = page; 1315 } while (r == -EAGAIN); 1316 1317 return r; 1318 } 1319 1320 /* 1321 * we don't do anything in here that simple_write_end doesn't do 1322 * except adjust dirty page accounting 1323 */ 1324 static int ceph_write_end(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping, 1325 loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied, 1326 struct page *page, void *fsdata) 1327 { 1328 struct inode *inode = file_inode(file); 1329 bool check_cap = false; 1330 1331 dout("write_end file %p inode %p page %p %d~%d (%d)\n", file, 1332 inode, page, (int)pos, (int)copied, (int)len); 1333 1334 /* zero the stale part of the page if we did a short copy */ 1335 if (!PageUptodate(page)) { 1336 if (copied < len) { 1337 copied = 0; 1338 goto out; 1339 } 1340 SetPageUptodate(page); 1341 } 1342 1343 /* did file size increase? */ 1344 if (pos+copied > i_size_read(inode)) 1345 check_cap = ceph_inode_set_size(inode, pos+copied); 1346 1347 set_page_dirty(page); 1348 1349 out: 1350 unlock_page(page); 1351 put_page(page); 1352 1353 if (check_cap) 1354 ceph_check_caps(ceph_inode(inode), CHECK_CAPS_AUTHONLY, NULL); 1355 1356 return copied; 1357 } 1358 1359 /* 1360 * we set .direct_IO to indicate direct io is supported, but since we 1361 * intercept O_DIRECT reads and writes early, this function should 1362 * never get called. 1363 */ 1364 static ssize_t ceph_direct_io(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter) 1365 { 1366 WARN_ON(1); 1367 return -EINVAL; 1368 } 1369 1370 const struct address_space_operations ceph_aops = { 1371 .readpage = ceph_readpage, 1372 .readpages = ceph_readpages, 1373 .writepage = ceph_writepage, 1374 .writepages = ceph_writepages_start, 1375 .write_begin = ceph_write_begin, 1376 .write_end = ceph_write_end, 1377 .set_page_dirty = ceph_set_page_dirty, 1378 .invalidatepage = ceph_invalidatepage, 1379 .releasepage = ceph_releasepage, 1380 .direct_IO = ceph_direct_io, 1381 }; 1382 1383 static void ceph_block_sigs(sigset_t *oldset) 1384 { 1385 sigset_t mask; 1386 siginitsetinv(&mask, sigmask(SIGKILL)); 1387 sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, oldset); 1388 } 1389 1390 static void ceph_restore_sigs(sigset_t *oldset) 1391 { 1392 sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, oldset, NULL); 1393 } 1394 1395 /* 1396 * vm ops 1397 */ 1398 static int ceph_filemap_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf) 1399 { 1400 struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma; 1401 struct inode *inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file); 1402 struct ceph_inode_info *ci = ceph_inode(inode); 1403 struct ceph_file_info *fi = vma->vm_file->private_data; 1404 struct page *pinned_page = NULL; 1405 loff_t off = vmf->pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT; 1406 int want, got, ret; 1407 sigset_t oldset; 1408 1409 ceph_block_sigs(&oldset); 1410 1411 dout("filemap_fault %p %llx.%llx %llu~%zd trying to get caps\n", 1412 inode, ceph_vinop(inode), off, (size_t)PAGE_SIZE); 1413 if (fi->fmode & CEPH_FILE_MODE_LAZY) 1414 want = CEPH_CAP_FILE_CACHE | CEPH_CAP_FILE_LAZYIO; 1415 else 1416 want = CEPH_CAP_FILE_CACHE; 1417 1418 got = 0; 1419 ret = ceph_get_caps(ci, CEPH_CAP_FILE_RD, want, -1, &got, &pinned_page); 1420 if (ret < 0) 1421 goto out_restore; 1422 1423 dout("filemap_fault %p %llu~%zd got cap refs on %s\n", 1424 inode, off, (size_t)PAGE_SIZE, ceph_cap_string(got)); 1425 1426 if ((got & (CEPH_CAP_FILE_CACHE | CEPH_CAP_FILE_LAZYIO)) || 1427 ci->i_inline_version == CEPH_INLINE_NONE) { 1428 current->journal_info = vma->vm_file; 1429 ret = filemap_fault(vmf); 1430 current->journal_info = NULL; 1431 } else 1432 ret = -EAGAIN; 1433 1434 dout("filemap_fault %p %llu~%zd dropping cap refs on %s ret %d\n", 1435 inode, off, (size_t)PAGE_SIZE, ceph_cap_string(got), ret); 1436 if (pinned_page) 1437 put_page(pinned_page); 1438 ceph_put_cap_refs(ci, got); 1439 1440 if (ret != -EAGAIN) 1441 goto out_restore; 1442 1443 /* read inline data */ 1444 if (off >= PAGE_SIZE) { 1445 /* does not support inline data > PAGE_SIZE */ 1446 ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS; 1447 } else { 1448 int ret1; 1449 struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping; 1450 struct page *page = find_or_create_page(mapping, 0, 1451 mapping_gfp_constraint(mapping, 1452 ~__GFP_FS)); 1453 if (!page) { 1454 ret = VM_FAULT_OOM; 1455 goto out_inline; 1456 } 1457 ret1 = __ceph_do_getattr(inode, page, 1458 CEPH_STAT_CAP_INLINE_DATA, true); 1459 if (ret1 < 0 || off >= i_size_read(inode)) { 1460 unlock_page(page); 1461 put_page(page); 1462 if (ret1 < 0) 1463 ret = ret1; 1464 else 1465 ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS; 1466 goto out_inline; 1467 } 1468 if (ret1 < PAGE_SIZE) 1469 zero_user_segment(page, ret1, PAGE_SIZE); 1470 else 1471 flush_dcache_page(page); 1472 SetPageUptodate(page); 1473 vmf->page = page; 1474 ret = VM_FAULT_MAJOR | VM_FAULT_LOCKED; 1475 out_inline: 1476 dout("filemap_fault %p %llu~%zd read inline data ret %d\n", 1477 inode, off, (size_t)PAGE_SIZE, ret); 1478 } 1479 out_restore: 1480 ceph_restore_sigs(&oldset); 1481 if (ret < 0) 1482 ret = (ret == -ENOMEM) ? VM_FAULT_OOM : VM_FAULT_SIGBUS; 1483 1484 return ret; 1485 } 1486 1487 /* 1488 * Reuse write_begin here for simplicity. 1489 */ 1490 static int ceph_page_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf) 1491 { 1492 struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma; 1493 struct inode *inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file); 1494 struct ceph_inode_info *ci = ceph_inode(inode); 1495 struct ceph_file_info *fi = vma->vm_file->private_data; 1496 struct ceph_cap_flush *prealloc_cf; 1497 struct page *page = vmf->page; 1498 loff_t off = page_offset(page); 1499 loff_t size = i_size_read(inode); 1500 size_t len; 1501 int want, got, ret; 1502 sigset_t oldset; 1503 1504 prealloc_cf = ceph_alloc_cap_flush(); 1505 if (!prealloc_cf) 1506 return VM_FAULT_OOM; 1507 1508 ceph_block_sigs(&oldset); 1509 1510 if (ci->i_inline_version != CEPH_INLINE_NONE) { 1511 struct page *locked_page = NULL; 1512 if (off == 0) { 1513 lock_page(page); 1514 locked_page = page; 1515 } 1516 ret = ceph_uninline_data(vma->vm_file, locked_page); 1517 if (locked_page) 1518 unlock_page(locked_page); 1519 if (ret < 0) 1520 goto out_free; 1521 } 1522 1523 if (off + PAGE_SIZE <= size) 1524 len = PAGE_SIZE; 1525 else 1526 len = size & ~PAGE_MASK; 1527 1528 dout("page_mkwrite %p %llx.%llx %llu~%zd getting caps i_size %llu\n", 1529 inode, ceph_vinop(inode), off, len, size); 1530 if (fi->fmode & CEPH_FILE_MODE_LAZY) 1531 want = CEPH_CAP_FILE_BUFFER | CEPH_CAP_FILE_LAZYIO; 1532 else 1533 want = CEPH_CAP_FILE_BUFFER; 1534 1535 got = 0; 1536 ret = ceph_get_caps(ci, CEPH_CAP_FILE_WR, want, off + len, 1537 &got, NULL); 1538 if (ret < 0) 1539 goto out_free; 1540 1541 dout("page_mkwrite %p %llu~%zd got cap refs on %s\n", 1542 inode, off, len, ceph_cap_string(got)); 1543 1544 /* Update time before taking page lock */ 1545 file_update_time(vma->vm_file); 1546 1547 do { 1548 lock_page(page); 1549 1550 if ((off > size) || (page->mapping != inode->i_mapping)) { 1551 unlock_page(page); 1552 ret = VM_FAULT_NOPAGE; 1553 break; 1554 } 1555 1556 ret = ceph_update_writeable_page(vma->vm_file, off, len, page); 1557 if (ret >= 0) { 1558 /* success. we'll keep the page locked. */ 1559 set_page_dirty(page); 1560 ret = VM_FAULT_LOCKED; 1561 } 1562 } while (ret == -EAGAIN); 1563 1564 if (ret == VM_FAULT_LOCKED || 1565 ci->i_inline_version != CEPH_INLINE_NONE) { 1566 int dirty; 1567 spin_lock(&ci->i_ceph_lock); 1568 ci->i_inline_version = CEPH_INLINE_NONE; 1569 dirty = __ceph_mark_dirty_caps(ci, CEPH_CAP_FILE_WR, 1570 &prealloc_cf); 1571 spin_unlock(&ci->i_ceph_lock); 1572 if (dirty) 1573 __mark_inode_dirty(inode, dirty); 1574 } 1575 1576 dout("page_mkwrite %p %llu~%zd dropping cap refs on %s ret %d\n", 1577 inode, off, len, ceph_cap_string(got), ret); 1578 ceph_put_cap_refs(ci, got); 1579 out_free: 1580 ceph_restore_sigs(&oldset); 1581 ceph_free_cap_flush(prealloc_cf); 1582 if (ret < 0) 1583 ret = (ret == -ENOMEM) ? VM_FAULT_OOM : VM_FAULT_SIGBUS; 1584 return ret; 1585 } 1586 1587 void ceph_fill_inline_data(struct inode *inode, struct page *locked_page, 1588 char *data, size_t len) 1589 { 1590 struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping; 1591 struct page *page; 1592 1593 if (locked_page) { 1594 page = locked_page; 1595 } else { 1596 if (i_size_read(inode) == 0) 1597 return; 1598 page = find_or_create_page(mapping, 0, 1599 mapping_gfp_constraint(mapping, 1600 ~__GFP_FS)); 1601 if (!page) 1602 return; 1603 if (PageUptodate(page)) { 1604 unlock_page(page); 1605 put_page(page); 1606 return; 1607 } 1608 } 1609 1610 dout("fill_inline_data %p %llx.%llx len %zu locked_page %p\n", 1611 inode, ceph_vinop(inode), len, locked_page); 1612 1613 if (len > 0) { 1614 void *kaddr = kmap_atomic(page); 1615 memcpy(kaddr, data, len); 1616 kunmap_atomic(kaddr); 1617 } 1618 1619 if (page != locked_page) { 1620 if (len < PAGE_SIZE) 1621 zero_user_segment(page, len, PAGE_SIZE); 1622 else 1623 flush_dcache_page(page); 1624 1625 SetPageUptodate(page); 1626 unlock_page(page); 1627 put_page(page); 1628 } 1629 } 1630 1631 int ceph_uninline_data(struct file *filp, struct page *locked_page) 1632 { 1633 struct inode *inode = file_inode(filp); 1634 struct ceph_inode_info *ci = ceph_inode(inode); 1635 struct ceph_fs_client *fsc = ceph_inode_to_client(inode); 1636 struct ceph_osd_request *req; 1637 struct page *page = NULL; 1638 u64 len, inline_version; 1639 int err = 0; 1640 bool from_pagecache = false; 1641 1642 spin_lock(&ci->i_ceph_lock); 1643 inline_version = ci->i_inline_version; 1644 spin_unlock(&ci->i_ceph_lock); 1645 1646 dout("uninline_data %p %llx.%llx inline_version %llu\n", 1647 inode, ceph_vinop(inode), inline_version); 1648 1649 if (inline_version == 1 || /* initial version, no data */ 1650 inline_version == CEPH_INLINE_NONE) 1651 goto out; 1652 1653 if (locked_page) { 1654 page = locked_page; 1655 WARN_ON(!PageUptodate(page)); 1656 } else if (ceph_caps_issued(ci) & 1657 (CEPH_CAP_FILE_CACHE|CEPH_CAP_FILE_LAZYIO)) { 1658 page = find_get_page(inode->i_mapping, 0); 1659 if (page) { 1660 if (PageUptodate(page)) { 1661 from_pagecache = true; 1662 lock_page(page); 1663 } else { 1664 put_page(page); 1665 page = NULL; 1666 } 1667 } 1668 } 1669 1670 if (page) { 1671 len = i_size_read(inode); 1672 if (len > PAGE_SIZE) 1673 len = PAGE_SIZE; 1674 } else { 1675 page = __page_cache_alloc(GFP_NOFS); 1676 if (!page) { 1677 err = -ENOMEM; 1678 goto out; 1679 } 1680 err = __ceph_do_getattr(inode, page, 1681 CEPH_STAT_CAP_INLINE_DATA, true); 1682 if (err < 0) { 1683 /* no inline data */ 1684 if (err == -ENODATA) 1685 err = 0; 1686 goto out; 1687 } 1688 len = err; 1689 } 1690 1691 req = ceph_osdc_new_request(&fsc->client->osdc, &ci->i_layout, 1692 ceph_vino(inode), 0, &len, 0, 1, 1693 CEPH_OSD_OP_CREATE, CEPH_OSD_FLAG_WRITE, 1694 NULL, 0, 0, false); 1695 if (IS_ERR(req)) { 1696 err = PTR_ERR(req); 1697 goto out; 1698 } 1699 1700 req->r_mtime = inode->i_mtime; 1701 err = ceph_osdc_start_request(&fsc->client->osdc, req, false); 1702 if (!err) 1703 err = ceph_osdc_wait_request(&fsc->client->osdc, req); 1704 ceph_osdc_put_request(req); 1705 if (err < 0) 1706 goto out; 1707 1708 req = ceph_osdc_new_request(&fsc->client->osdc, &ci->i_layout, 1709 ceph_vino(inode), 0, &len, 1, 3, 1710 CEPH_OSD_OP_WRITE, CEPH_OSD_FLAG_WRITE, 1711 NULL, ci->i_truncate_seq, 1712 ci->i_truncate_size, false); 1713 if (IS_ERR(req)) { 1714 err = PTR_ERR(req); 1715 goto out; 1716 } 1717 1718 osd_req_op_extent_osd_data_pages(req, 1, &page, len, 0, false, false); 1719 1720 { 1721 __le64 xattr_buf = cpu_to_le64(inline_version); 1722 err = osd_req_op_xattr_init(req, 0, CEPH_OSD_OP_CMPXATTR, 1723 "inline_version", &xattr_buf, 1724 sizeof(xattr_buf), 1725 CEPH_OSD_CMPXATTR_OP_GT, 1726 CEPH_OSD_CMPXATTR_MODE_U64); 1727 if (err) 1728 goto out_put; 1729 } 1730 1731 { 1732 char xattr_buf[32]; 1733 int xattr_len = snprintf(xattr_buf, sizeof(xattr_buf), 1734 "%llu", inline_version); 1735 err = osd_req_op_xattr_init(req, 2, CEPH_OSD_OP_SETXATTR, 1736 "inline_version", 1737 xattr_buf, xattr_len, 0, 0); 1738 if (err) 1739 goto out_put; 1740 } 1741 1742 req->r_mtime = inode->i_mtime; 1743 err = ceph_osdc_start_request(&fsc->client->osdc, req, false); 1744 if (!err) 1745 err = ceph_osdc_wait_request(&fsc->client->osdc, req); 1746 out_put: 1747 ceph_osdc_put_request(req); 1748 if (err == -ECANCELED) 1749 err = 0; 1750 out: 1751 if (page && page != locked_page) { 1752 if (from_pagecache) { 1753 unlock_page(page); 1754 put_page(page); 1755 } else 1756 __free_pages(page, 0); 1757 } 1758 1759 dout("uninline_data %p %llx.%llx inline_version %llu = %d\n", 1760 inode, ceph_vinop(inode), inline_version, err); 1761 return err; 1762 } 1763 1764 static const struct vm_operations_struct ceph_vmops = { 1765 .fault = ceph_filemap_fault, 1766 .page_mkwrite = ceph_page_mkwrite, 1767 }; 1768 1769 int ceph_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma) 1770 { 1771 struct address_space *mapping = file->f_mapping; 1772 1773 if (!mapping->a_ops->readpage) 1774 return -ENOEXEC; 1775 file_accessed(file); 1776 vma->vm_ops = &ceph_vmops; 1777 return 0; 1778 } 1779 1780 enum { 1781 POOL_READ = 1, 1782 POOL_WRITE = 2, 1783 }; 1784 1785 static int __ceph_pool_perm_get(struct ceph_inode_info *ci, 1786 s64 pool, struct ceph_string *pool_ns) 1787 { 1788 struct ceph_fs_client *fsc = ceph_inode_to_client(&ci->vfs_inode); 1789 struct ceph_mds_client *mdsc = fsc->mdsc; 1790 struct ceph_osd_request *rd_req = NULL, *wr_req = NULL; 1791 struct rb_node **p, *parent; 1792 struct ceph_pool_perm *perm; 1793 struct page **pages; 1794 size_t pool_ns_len; 1795 int err = 0, err2 = 0, have = 0; 1796 1797 down_read(&mdsc->pool_perm_rwsem); 1798 p = &mdsc->pool_perm_tree.rb_node; 1799 while (*p) { 1800 perm = rb_entry(*p, struct ceph_pool_perm, node); 1801 if (pool < perm->pool) 1802 p = &(*p)->rb_left; 1803 else if (pool > perm->pool) 1804 p = &(*p)->rb_right; 1805 else { 1806 int ret = ceph_compare_string(pool_ns, 1807 perm->pool_ns, 1808 perm->pool_ns_len); 1809 if (ret < 0) 1810 p = &(*p)->rb_left; 1811 else if (ret > 0) 1812 p = &(*p)->rb_right; 1813 else { 1814 have = perm->perm; 1815 break; 1816 } 1817 } 1818 } 1819 up_read(&mdsc->pool_perm_rwsem); 1820 if (*p) 1821 goto out; 1822 1823 if (pool_ns) 1824 dout("__ceph_pool_perm_get pool %lld ns %.*s no perm cached\n", 1825 pool, (int)pool_ns->len, pool_ns->str); 1826 else 1827 dout("__ceph_pool_perm_get pool %lld no perm cached\n", pool); 1828 1829 down_write(&mdsc->pool_perm_rwsem); 1830 p = &mdsc->pool_perm_tree.rb_node; 1831 parent = NULL; 1832 while (*p) { 1833 parent = *p; 1834 perm = rb_entry(parent, struct ceph_pool_perm, node); 1835 if (pool < perm->pool) 1836 p = &(*p)->rb_left; 1837 else if (pool > perm->pool) 1838 p = &(*p)->rb_right; 1839 else { 1840 int ret = ceph_compare_string(pool_ns, 1841 perm->pool_ns, 1842 perm->pool_ns_len); 1843 if (ret < 0) 1844 p = &(*p)->rb_left; 1845 else if (ret > 0) 1846 p = &(*p)->rb_right; 1847 else { 1848 have = perm->perm; 1849 break; 1850 } 1851 } 1852 } 1853 if (*p) { 1854 up_write(&mdsc->pool_perm_rwsem); 1855 goto out; 1856 } 1857 1858 rd_req = ceph_osdc_alloc_request(&fsc->client->osdc, NULL, 1859 1, false, GFP_NOFS); 1860 if (!rd_req) { 1861 err = -ENOMEM; 1862 goto out_unlock; 1863 } 1864 1865 rd_req->r_flags = CEPH_OSD_FLAG_READ; 1866 osd_req_op_init(rd_req, 0, CEPH_OSD_OP_STAT, 0); 1867 rd_req->r_base_oloc.pool = pool; 1868 if (pool_ns) 1869 rd_req->r_base_oloc.pool_ns = ceph_get_string(pool_ns); 1870 ceph_oid_printf(&rd_req->r_base_oid, "%llx.00000000", ci->i_vino.ino); 1871 1872 err = ceph_osdc_alloc_messages(rd_req, GFP_NOFS); 1873 if (err) 1874 goto out_unlock; 1875 1876 wr_req = ceph_osdc_alloc_request(&fsc->client->osdc, NULL, 1877 1, false, GFP_NOFS); 1878 if (!wr_req) { 1879 err = -ENOMEM; 1880 goto out_unlock; 1881 } 1882 1883 wr_req->r_flags = CEPH_OSD_FLAG_WRITE; 1884 osd_req_op_init(wr_req, 0, CEPH_OSD_OP_CREATE, CEPH_OSD_OP_FLAG_EXCL); 1885 ceph_oloc_copy(&wr_req->r_base_oloc, &rd_req->r_base_oloc); 1886 ceph_oid_copy(&wr_req->r_base_oid, &rd_req->r_base_oid); 1887 1888 err = ceph_osdc_alloc_messages(wr_req, GFP_NOFS); 1889 if (err) 1890 goto out_unlock; 1891 1892 /* one page should be large enough for STAT data */ 1893 pages = ceph_alloc_page_vector(1, GFP_KERNEL); 1894 if (IS_ERR(pages)) { 1895 err = PTR_ERR(pages); 1896 goto out_unlock; 1897 } 1898 1899 osd_req_op_raw_data_in_pages(rd_req, 0, pages, PAGE_SIZE, 1900 0, false, true); 1901 err = ceph_osdc_start_request(&fsc->client->osdc, rd_req, false); 1902 1903 wr_req->r_mtime = ci->vfs_inode.i_mtime; 1904 wr_req->r_abort_on_full = true; 1905 err2 = ceph_osdc_start_request(&fsc->client->osdc, wr_req, false); 1906 1907 if (!err) 1908 err = ceph_osdc_wait_request(&fsc->client->osdc, rd_req); 1909 if (!err2) 1910 err2 = ceph_osdc_wait_request(&fsc->client->osdc, wr_req); 1911 1912 if (err >= 0 || err == -ENOENT) 1913 have |= POOL_READ; 1914 else if (err != -EPERM) 1915 goto out_unlock; 1916 1917 if (err2 == 0 || err2 == -EEXIST) 1918 have |= POOL_WRITE; 1919 else if (err2 != -EPERM) { 1920 err = err2; 1921 goto out_unlock; 1922 } 1923 1924 pool_ns_len = pool_ns ? pool_ns->len : 0; 1925 perm = kmalloc(sizeof(*perm) + pool_ns_len + 1, GFP_NOFS); 1926 if (!perm) { 1927 err = -ENOMEM; 1928 goto out_unlock; 1929 } 1930 1931 perm->pool = pool; 1932 perm->perm = have; 1933 perm->pool_ns_len = pool_ns_len; 1934 if (pool_ns_len > 0) 1935 memcpy(perm->pool_ns, pool_ns->str, pool_ns_len); 1936 perm->pool_ns[pool_ns_len] = 0; 1937 1938 rb_link_node(&perm->node, parent, p); 1939 rb_insert_color(&perm->node, &mdsc->pool_perm_tree); 1940 err = 0; 1941 out_unlock: 1942 up_write(&mdsc->pool_perm_rwsem); 1943 1944 ceph_osdc_put_request(rd_req); 1945 ceph_osdc_put_request(wr_req); 1946 out: 1947 if (!err) 1948 err = have; 1949 if (pool_ns) 1950 dout("__ceph_pool_perm_get pool %lld ns %.*s result = %d\n", 1951 pool, (int)pool_ns->len, pool_ns->str, err); 1952 else 1953 dout("__ceph_pool_perm_get pool %lld result = %d\n", pool, err); 1954 return err; 1955 } 1956 1957 int ceph_pool_perm_check(struct ceph_inode_info *ci, int need) 1958 { 1959 s64 pool; 1960 struct ceph_string *pool_ns; 1961 int ret, flags; 1962 1963 if (ci->i_vino.snap != CEPH_NOSNAP) { 1964 /* 1965 * Pool permission check needs to write to the first object. 1966 * But for snapshot, head of the first object may have alread 1967 * been deleted. Skip check to avoid creating orphan object. 1968 */ 1969 return 0; 1970 } 1971 1972 if (ceph_test_mount_opt(ceph_inode_to_client(&ci->vfs_inode), 1973 NOPOOLPERM)) 1974 return 0; 1975 1976 spin_lock(&ci->i_ceph_lock); 1977 flags = ci->i_ceph_flags; 1978 pool = ci->i_layout.pool_id; 1979 spin_unlock(&ci->i_ceph_lock); 1980 check: 1981 if (flags & CEPH_I_POOL_PERM) { 1982 if ((need & CEPH_CAP_FILE_RD) && !(flags & CEPH_I_POOL_RD)) { 1983 dout("ceph_pool_perm_check pool %lld no read perm\n", 1984 pool); 1985 return -EPERM; 1986 } 1987 if ((need & CEPH_CAP_FILE_WR) && !(flags & CEPH_I_POOL_WR)) { 1988 dout("ceph_pool_perm_check pool %lld no write perm\n", 1989 pool); 1990 return -EPERM; 1991 } 1992 return 0; 1993 } 1994 1995 pool_ns = ceph_try_get_string(ci->i_layout.pool_ns); 1996 ret = __ceph_pool_perm_get(ci, pool, pool_ns); 1997 ceph_put_string(pool_ns); 1998 if (ret < 0) 1999 return ret; 2000 2001 flags = CEPH_I_POOL_PERM; 2002 if (ret & POOL_READ) 2003 flags |= CEPH_I_POOL_RD; 2004 if (ret & POOL_WRITE) 2005 flags |= CEPH_I_POOL_WR; 2006 2007 spin_lock(&ci->i_ceph_lock); 2008 if (pool == ci->i_layout.pool_id && 2009 pool_ns == rcu_dereference_raw(ci->i_layout.pool_ns)) { 2010 ci->i_ceph_flags |= flags; 2011 } else { 2012 pool = ci->i_layout.pool_id; 2013 flags = ci->i_ceph_flags; 2014 } 2015 spin_unlock(&ci->i_ceph_lock); 2016 goto check; 2017 } 2018 2019 void ceph_pool_perm_destroy(struct ceph_mds_client *mdsc) 2020 { 2021 struct ceph_pool_perm *perm; 2022 struct rb_node *n; 2023 2024 while (!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&mdsc->pool_perm_tree)) { 2025 n = rb_first(&mdsc->pool_perm_tree); 2026 perm = rb_entry(n, struct ceph_pool_perm, node); 2027 rb_erase(n, &mdsc->pool_perm_tree); 2028 kfree(perm); 2029 } 2030 } 2031