1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only 2 /* leo.c: LEO frame buffer driver 3 * 4 * Copyright (C) 2003, 2006 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net) 5 * Copyright (C) 1996-1999 Jakub Jelinek (jj@ultra.linux.cz) 6 * Copyright (C) 1997 Michal Rehacek (Michal.Rehacek@st.mff.cuni.cz) 7 * 8 * Driver layout based loosely on tgafb.c, see that file for credits. 9 */ 10 11 #include <linux/module.h> 12 #include <linux/kernel.h> 13 #include <linux/errno.h> 14 #include <linux/string.h> 15 #include <linux/delay.h> 16 #include <linux/init.h> 17 #include <linux/fb.h> 18 #include <linux/mm.h> 19 #include <linux/of_device.h> 20 #include <linux/io.h> 21 22 #include <asm/fbio.h> 23 24 #include "sbuslib.h" 25 26 /* 27 * Local functions. 28 */ 29 30 static int leo_setcolreg(unsigned, unsigned, unsigned, unsigned, 31 unsigned, struct fb_info *); 32 static int leo_blank(int, struct fb_info *); 33 34 static int leo_mmap(struct fb_info *, struct vm_area_struct *); 35 static int leo_ioctl(struct fb_info *, unsigned int, unsigned long); 36 static int leo_pan_display(struct fb_var_screeninfo *, struct fb_info *); 37 38 /* 39 * Frame buffer operations 40 */ 41 42 static const struct fb_ops leo_ops = { 43 .owner = THIS_MODULE, 44 .fb_setcolreg = leo_setcolreg, 45 .fb_blank = leo_blank, 46 .fb_pan_display = leo_pan_display, 47 .fb_fillrect = cfb_fillrect, 48 .fb_copyarea = cfb_copyarea, 49 .fb_imageblit = cfb_imageblit, 50 .fb_mmap = leo_mmap, 51 .fb_ioctl = leo_ioctl, 52 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT 53 .fb_compat_ioctl = sbusfb_compat_ioctl, 54 #endif 55 }; 56 57 #define LEO_OFF_LC_SS0_KRN 0x00200000UL 58 #define LEO_OFF_LC_SS0_USR 0x00201000UL 59 #define LEO_OFF_LC_SS1_KRN 0x01200000UL 60 #define LEO_OFF_LC_SS1_USR 0x01201000UL 61 #define LEO_OFF_LD_SS0 0x00400000UL 62 #define LEO_OFF_LD_SS1 0x01400000UL 63 #define LEO_OFF_LD_GBL 0x00401000UL 64 #define LEO_OFF_LX_KRN 0x00600000UL 65 #define LEO_OFF_LX_CURSOR 0x00601000UL 66 #define LEO_OFF_SS0 0x00800000UL 67 #define LEO_OFF_SS1 0x01800000UL 68 #define LEO_OFF_UNK 0x00602000UL 69 #define LEO_OFF_UNK2 0x00000000UL 70 71 #define LEO_CUR_ENABLE 0x00000080 72 #define LEO_CUR_UPDATE 0x00000030 73 #define LEO_CUR_PROGRESS 0x00000006 74 #define LEO_CUR_UPDATECMAP 0x00000003 75 76 #define LEO_CUR_TYPE_MASK 0x00000000 77 #define LEO_CUR_TYPE_IMAGE 0x00000020 78 #define LEO_CUR_TYPE_CMAP 0x00000050 79 80 struct leo_cursor { 81 u8 xxx0[16]; 82 u32 cur_type; 83 u32 cur_misc; 84 u32 cur_cursxy; 85 u32 cur_data; 86 }; 87 88 #define LEO_KRN_TYPE_CLUT0 0x00001000 89 #define LEO_KRN_TYPE_CLUT1 0x00001001 90 #define LEO_KRN_TYPE_CLUT2 0x00001002 91 #define LEO_KRN_TYPE_WID 0x00001003 92 #define LEO_KRN_TYPE_UNK 0x00001006 93 #define LEO_KRN_TYPE_VIDEO 0x00002003 94 #define LEO_KRN_TYPE_CLUTDATA 0x00004000 95 #define LEO_KRN_CSR_ENABLE 0x00000008 96 #define LEO_KRN_CSR_PROGRESS 0x00000004 97 #define LEO_KRN_CSR_UNK 0x00000002 98 #define LEO_KRN_CSR_UNK2 0x00000001 99 100 struct leo_lx_krn { 101 u32 krn_type; 102 u32 krn_csr; 103 u32 krn_value; 104 }; 105 106 struct leo_lc_ss0_krn { 107 u32 misc; 108 u8 xxx0[0x800-4]; 109 u32 rev; 110 }; 111 112 struct leo_lc_ss0_usr { 113 u32 csr; 114 u32 addrspace; 115 u32 fontmsk; 116 u32 fontt; 117 u32 extent; 118 u32 src; 119 u32 dst; 120 u32 copy; 121 u32 fill; 122 }; 123 124 struct leo_lc_ss1_krn { 125 u8 unknown; 126 }; 127 128 struct leo_lc_ss1_usr { 129 u8 unknown; 130 }; 131 132 struct leo_ld_ss0 { 133 u8 xxx0[0xe00]; 134 u32 csr; 135 u32 wid; 136 u32 wmask; 137 u32 widclip; 138 u32 vclipmin; 139 u32 vclipmax; 140 u32 pickmin; /* SS1 only */ 141 u32 pickmax; /* SS1 only */ 142 u32 fg; 143 u32 bg; 144 u32 src; /* Copy/Scroll (SS0 only) */ 145 u32 dst; /* Copy/Scroll/Fill (SS0 only) */ 146 u32 extent; /* Copy/Scroll/Fill size (SS0 only) */ 147 u32 xxx1[3]; 148 u32 setsem; /* SS1 only */ 149 u32 clrsem; /* SS1 only */ 150 u32 clrpick; /* SS1 only */ 151 u32 clrdat; /* SS1 only */ 152 u32 alpha; /* SS1 only */ 153 u8 xxx2[0x2c]; 154 u32 winbg; 155 u32 planemask; 156 u32 rop; 157 u32 z; 158 u32 dczf; /* SS1 only */ 159 u32 dczb; /* SS1 only */ 160 u32 dcs; /* SS1 only */ 161 u32 dczs; /* SS1 only */ 162 u32 pickfb; /* SS1 only */ 163 u32 pickbb; /* SS1 only */ 164 u32 dcfc; /* SS1 only */ 165 u32 forcecol; /* SS1 only */ 166 u32 door[8]; /* SS1 only */ 167 u32 pick[5]; /* SS1 only */ 168 }; 169 170 #define LEO_SS1_MISC_ENABLE 0x00000001 171 #define LEO_SS1_MISC_STEREO 0x00000002 172 struct leo_ld_ss1 { 173 u8 xxx0[0xef4]; 174 u32 ss1_misc; 175 }; 176 177 struct leo_ld_gbl { 178 u8 unknown; 179 }; 180 181 struct leo_par { 182 spinlock_t lock; 183 struct leo_lx_krn __iomem *lx_krn; 184 struct leo_lc_ss0_usr __iomem *lc_ss0_usr; 185 struct leo_ld_ss0 __iomem *ld_ss0; 186 struct leo_ld_ss1 __iomem *ld_ss1; 187 struct leo_cursor __iomem *cursor; 188 u32 extent; 189 u32 clut_data[256]; 190 191 u32 flags; 192 #define LEO_FLAG_BLANKED 0x00000001 193 194 unsigned long which_io; 195 }; 196 197 static void leo_wait(struct leo_lx_krn __iomem *lx_krn) 198 { 199 int i; 200 201 for (i = 0; 202 (sbus_readl(&lx_krn->krn_csr) & LEO_KRN_CSR_PROGRESS) && 203 i < 300000; 204 i++) 205 udelay(1); /* Busy wait at most 0.3 sec */ 206 return; 207 } 208 209 static void leo_switch_from_graph(struct fb_info *info) 210 { 211 struct leo_par *par = (struct leo_par *) info->par; 212 struct leo_ld_ss0 __iomem *ss = par->ld_ss0; 213 struct leo_cursor __iomem *cursor = par->cursor; 214 unsigned long flags; 215 u32 val; 216 217 spin_lock_irqsave(&par->lock, flags); 218 219 par->extent = ((info->var.xres - 1) | 220 ((info->var.yres - 1) << 16)); 221 222 sbus_writel(0xffffffff, &ss->wid); 223 sbus_writel(0xffff, &ss->wmask); 224 sbus_writel(0, &ss->vclipmin); 225 sbus_writel(par->extent, &ss->vclipmax); 226 sbus_writel(0, &ss->fg); 227 sbus_writel(0xff000000, &ss->planemask); 228 sbus_writel(0x310850, &ss->rop); 229 sbus_writel(0, &ss->widclip); 230 sbus_writel((info->var.xres-1) | ((info->var.yres-1) << 11), 231 &par->lc_ss0_usr->extent); 232 sbus_writel(4, &par->lc_ss0_usr->addrspace); 233 sbus_writel(0x80000000, &par->lc_ss0_usr->fill); 234 sbus_writel(0, &par->lc_ss0_usr->fontt); 235 do { 236 val = sbus_readl(&par->lc_ss0_usr->csr); 237 } while (val & 0x20000000); 238 239 /* setup screen buffer for cfb_* functions */ 240 sbus_writel(1, &ss->wid); 241 sbus_writel(0x00ffffff, &ss->planemask); 242 sbus_writel(0x310b90, &ss->rop); 243 sbus_writel(0, &par->lc_ss0_usr->addrspace); 244 245 /* hide cursor */ 246 sbus_writel(sbus_readl(&cursor->cur_misc) & ~LEO_CUR_ENABLE, &cursor->cur_misc); 247 248 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&par->lock, flags); 249 } 250 251 static int leo_pan_display(struct fb_var_screeninfo *var, struct fb_info *info) 252 { 253 /* We just use this to catch switches out of 254 * graphics mode. 255 */ 256 leo_switch_from_graph(info); 257 258 if (var->xoffset || var->yoffset || var->vmode) 259 return -EINVAL; 260 return 0; 261 } 262 263 /** 264 * leo_setcolreg - Optional function. Sets a color register. 265 * @regno: boolean, 0 copy local, 1 get_user() function 266 * @red: frame buffer colormap structure 267 * @green: The green value which can be up to 16 bits wide 268 * @blue: The blue value which can be up to 16 bits wide. 269 * @transp: If supported the alpha value which can be up to 16 bits wide. 270 * @info: frame buffer info structure 271 */ 272 static int leo_setcolreg(unsigned regno, 273 unsigned red, unsigned green, unsigned blue, 274 unsigned transp, struct fb_info *info) 275 { 276 struct leo_par *par = (struct leo_par *) info->par; 277 struct leo_lx_krn __iomem *lx_krn = par->lx_krn; 278 unsigned long flags; 279 u32 val; 280 int i; 281 282 if (regno >= 256) 283 return 1; 284 285 red >>= 8; 286 green >>= 8; 287 blue >>= 8; 288 289 par->clut_data[regno] = red | (green << 8) | (blue << 16); 290 291 spin_lock_irqsave(&par->lock, flags); 292 293 leo_wait(lx_krn); 294 295 sbus_writel(LEO_KRN_TYPE_CLUTDATA, &lx_krn->krn_type); 296 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) 297 sbus_writel(par->clut_data[i], &lx_krn->krn_value); 298 sbus_writel(LEO_KRN_TYPE_CLUT0, &lx_krn->krn_type); 299 300 val = sbus_readl(&lx_krn->krn_csr); 301 val |= (LEO_KRN_CSR_UNK | LEO_KRN_CSR_UNK2); 302 sbus_writel(val, &lx_krn->krn_csr); 303 304 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&par->lock, flags); 305 306 return 0; 307 } 308 309 /** 310 * leo_blank - Optional function. Blanks the display. 311 * @blank: the blank mode we want. 312 * @info: frame buffer structure that represents a single frame buffer 313 */ 314 static int leo_blank(int blank, struct fb_info *info) 315 { 316 struct leo_par *par = (struct leo_par *) info->par; 317 struct leo_lx_krn __iomem *lx_krn = par->lx_krn; 318 unsigned long flags; 319 u32 val; 320 321 spin_lock_irqsave(&par->lock, flags); 322 323 switch (blank) { 324 case FB_BLANK_UNBLANK: /* Unblanking */ 325 val = sbus_readl(&lx_krn->krn_csr); 326 val |= LEO_KRN_CSR_ENABLE; 327 sbus_writel(val, &lx_krn->krn_csr); 328 par->flags &= ~LEO_FLAG_BLANKED; 329 break; 330 331 case FB_BLANK_NORMAL: /* Normal blanking */ 332 case FB_BLANK_VSYNC_SUSPEND: /* VESA blank (vsync off) */ 333 case FB_BLANK_HSYNC_SUSPEND: /* VESA blank (hsync off) */ 334 case FB_BLANK_POWERDOWN: /* Poweroff */ 335 val = sbus_readl(&lx_krn->krn_csr); 336 val &= ~LEO_KRN_CSR_ENABLE; 337 sbus_writel(val, &lx_krn->krn_csr); 338 par->flags |= LEO_FLAG_BLANKED; 339 break; 340 } 341 342 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&par->lock, flags); 343 344 return 0; 345 } 346 347 static struct sbus_mmap_map leo_mmap_map[] = { 348 { 349 .voff = LEO_SS0_MAP, 350 .poff = LEO_OFF_SS0, 351 .size = 0x800000 352 }, 353 { 354 .voff = LEO_LC_SS0_USR_MAP, 355 .poff = LEO_OFF_LC_SS0_USR, 356 .size = 0x1000 357 }, 358 { 359 .voff = LEO_LD_SS0_MAP, 360 .poff = LEO_OFF_LD_SS0, 361 .size = 0x1000 362 }, 363 { 364 .voff = LEO_LX_CURSOR_MAP, 365 .poff = LEO_OFF_LX_CURSOR, 366 .size = 0x1000 367 }, 368 { 369 .voff = LEO_SS1_MAP, 370 .poff = LEO_OFF_SS1, 371 .size = 0x800000 372 }, 373 { 374 .voff = LEO_LC_SS1_USR_MAP, 375 .poff = LEO_OFF_LC_SS1_USR, 376 .size = 0x1000 377 }, 378 { 379 .voff = LEO_LD_SS1_MAP, 380 .poff = LEO_OFF_LD_SS1, 381 .size = 0x1000 382 }, 383 { 384 .voff = LEO_UNK_MAP, 385 .poff = LEO_OFF_UNK, 386 .size = 0x1000 387 }, 388 { 389 .voff = LEO_LX_KRN_MAP, 390 .poff = LEO_OFF_LX_KRN, 391 .size = 0x1000 392 }, 393 { 394 .voff = LEO_LC_SS0_KRN_MAP, 395 .poff = LEO_OFF_LC_SS0_KRN, 396 .size = 0x1000 397 }, 398 { 399 .voff = LEO_LC_SS1_KRN_MAP, 400 .poff = LEO_OFF_LC_SS1_KRN, 401 .size = 0x1000 402 }, 403 { 404 .voff = LEO_LD_GBL_MAP, 405 .poff = LEO_OFF_LD_GBL, 406 .size = 0x1000 407 }, 408 { 409 .voff = LEO_UNK2_MAP, 410 .poff = LEO_OFF_UNK2, 411 .size = 0x100000 412 }, 413 { .size = 0 } 414 }; 415 416 static int leo_mmap(struct fb_info *info, struct vm_area_struct *vma) 417 { 418 struct leo_par *par = (struct leo_par *)info->par; 419 420 return sbusfb_mmap_helper(leo_mmap_map, 421 info->fix.smem_start, info->fix.smem_len, 422 par->which_io, vma); 423 } 424 425 static int leo_ioctl(struct fb_info *info, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg) 426 { 427 return sbusfb_ioctl_helper(cmd, arg, info, 428 FBTYPE_SUNLEO, 32, info->fix.smem_len); 429 } 430 431 /* 432 * Initialisation 433 */ 434 435 static void 436 leo_init_fix(struct fb_info *info, struct device_node *dp) 437 { 438 snprintf(info->fix.id, sizeof(info->fix.id), "%pOFn", dp); 439 440 info->fix.type = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS; 441 info->fix.visual = FB_VISUAL_TRUECOLOR; 442 443 info->fix.line_length = 8192; 444 445 info->fix.accel = FB_ACCEL_SUN_LEO; 446 } 447 448 static void leo_wid_put(struct fb_info *info, struct fb_wid_list *wl) 449 { 450 struct leo_par *par = (struct leo_par *) info->par; 451 struct leo_lx_krn __iomem *lx_krn = par->lx_krn; 452 struct fb_wid_item *wi; 453 unsigned long flags; 454 u32 val; 455 int i, j; 456 457 spin_lock_irqsave(&par->lock, flags); 458 459 leo_wait(lx_krn); 460 461 for (i = 0, wi = wl->wl_list; i < wl->wl_count; i++, wi++) { 462 switch (wi->wi_type) { 463 case FB_WID_DBL_8: 464 j = (wi->wi_index & 0xf) + 0x40; 465 break; 466 467 case FB_WID_DBL_24: 468 j = wi->wi_index & 0x3f; 469 break; 470 471 default: 472 continue; 473 } 474 sbus_writel(0x5800 + j, &lx_krn->krn_type); 475 sbus_writel(wi->wi_values[0], &lx_krn->krn_value); 476 } 477 sbus_writel(LEO_KRN_TYPE_WID, &lx_krn->krn_type); 478 479 val = sbus_readl(&lx_krn->krn_csr); 480 val |= (LEO_KRN_CSR_UNK | LEO_KRN_CSR_UNK2); 481 sbus_writel(val, &lx_krn->krn_csr); 482 483 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&par->lock, flags); 484 } 485 486 static void leo_init_wids(struct fb_info *info) 487 { 488 struct fb_wid_item wi; 489 struct fb_wid_list wl; 490 491 wl.wl_count = 1; 492 wl.wl_list = &wi; 493 wi.wi_type = FB_WID_DBL_8; 494 wi.wi_index = 0; 495 wi.wi_values [0] = 0x2c0; 496 leo_wid_put(info, &wl); 497 wi.wi_index = 1; 498 wi.wi_values [0] = 0x30; 499 leo_wid_put(info, &wl); 500 wi.wi_index = 2; 501 wi.wi_values [0] = 0x20; 502 leo_wid_put(info, &wl); 503 wi.wi_type = FB_WID_DBL_24; 504 wi.wi_index = 1; 505 wi.wi_values [0] = 0x30; 506 leo_wid_put(info, &wl); 507 } 508 509 static void leo_init_hw(struct fb_info *info) 510 { 511 struct leo_par *par = (struct leo_par *) info->par; 512 u32 val; 513 514 val = sbus_readl(&par->ld_ss1->ss1_misc); 515 val |= LEO_SS1_MISC_ENABLE; 516 sbus_writel(val, &par->ld_ss1->ss1_misc); 517 518 leo_switch_from_graph(info); 519 } 520 521 static void leo_fixup_var_rgb(struct fb_var_screeninfo *var) 522 { 523 var->red.offset = 0; 524 var->red.length = 8; 525 var->green.offset = 8; 526 var->green.length = 8; 527 var->blue.offset = 16; 528 var->blue.length = 8; 529 var->transp.offset = 0; 530 var->transp.length = 0; 531 } 532 533 static void leo_unmap_regs(struct platform_device *op, struct fb_info *info, 534 struct leo_par *par) 535 { 536 if (par->lc_ss0_usr) 537 of_iounmap(&op->resource[0], par->lc_ss0_usr, 0x1000); 538 if (par->ld_ss0) 539 of_iounmap(&op->resource[0], par->ld_ss0, 0x1000); 540 if (par->ld_ss1) 541 of_iounmap(&op->resource[0], par->ld_ss1, 0x1000); 542 if (par->lx_krn) 543 of_iounmap(&op->resource[0], par->lx_krn, 0x1000); 544 if (par->cursor) 545 of_iounmap(&op->resource[0], 546 par->cursor, sizeof(struct leo_cursor)); 547 if (info->screen_base) 548 of_iounmap(&op->resource[0], info->screen_base, 0x800000); 549 } 550 551 static int leo_probe(struct platform_device *op) 552 { 553 struct device_node *dp = op->dev.of_node; 554 struct fb_info *info; 555 struct leo_par *par; 556 int linebytes, err; 557 558 info = framebuffer_alloc(sizeof(struct leo_par), &op->dev); 559 560 err = -ENOMEM; 561 if (!info) 562 goto out_err; 563 par = info->par; 564 565 spin_lock_init(&par->lock); 566 567 info->fix.smem_start = op->resource[0].start; 568 par->which_io = op->resource[0].flags & IORESOURCE_BITS; 569 570 sbusfb_fill_var(&info->var, dp, 32); 571 leo_fixup_var_rgb(&info->var); 572 573 linebytes = of_getintprop_default(dp, "linebytes", 574 info->var.xres); 575 info->fix.smem_len = PAGE_ALIGN(linebytes * info->var.yres); 576 577 par->lc_ss0_usr = 578 of_ioremap(&op->resource[0], LEO_OFF_LC_SS0_USR, 579 0x1000, "leolc ss0usr"); 580 par->ld_ss0 = 581 of_ioremap(&op->resource[0], LEO_OFF_LD_SS0, 582 0x1000, "leold ss0"); 583 par->ld_ss1 = 584 of_ioremap(&op->resource[0], LEO_OFF_LD_SS1, 585 0x1000, "leold ss1"); 586 par->lx_krn = 587 of_ioremap(&op->resource[0], LEO_OFF_LX_KRN, 588 0x1000, "leolx krn"); 589 par->cursor = 590 of_ioremap(&op->resource[0], LEO_OFF_LX_CURSOR, 591 sizeof(struct leo_cursor), "leolx cursor"); 592 info->screen_base = 593 of_ioremap(&op->resource[0], LEO_OFF_SS0, 594 0x800000, "leo ram"); 595 if (!par->lc_ss0_usr || 596 !par->ld_ss0 || 597 !par->ld_ss1 || 598 !par->lx_krn || 599 !par->cursor || 600 !info->screen_base) 601 goto out_unmap_regs; 602 603 info->flags = FBINFO_DEFAULT; 604 info->fbops = &leo_ops; 605 info->pseudo_palette = par->clut_data; 606 607 leo_init_wids(info); 608 leo_init_hw(info); 609 610 leo_blank(FB_BLANK_UNBLANK, info); 611 612 if (fb_alloc_cmap(&info->cmap, 256, 0)) 613 goto out_unmap_regs; 614 615 leo_init_fix(info, dp); 616 617 err = register_framebuffer(info); 618 if (err < 0) 619 goto out_dealloc_cmap; 620 621 dev_set_drvdata(&op->dev, info); 622 623 printk(KERN_INFO "%pOF: leo at %lx:%lx\n", 624 dp, 625 par->which_io, info->fix.smem_start); 626 627 return 0; 628 629 out_dealloc_cmap: 630 fb_dealloc_cmap(&info->cmap); 631 632 out_unmap_regs: 633 leo_unmap_regs(op, info, par); 634 framebuffer_release(info); 635 636 out_err: 637 return err; 638 } 639 640 static void leo_remove(struct platform_device *op) 641 { 642 struct fb_info *info = dev_get_drvdata(&op->dev); 643 struct leo_par *par = info->par; 644 645 unregister_framebuffer(info); 646 fb_dealloc_cmap(&info->cmap); 647 648 leo_unmap_regs(op, info, par); 649 650 framebuffer_release(info); 651 } 652 653 static const struct of_device_id leo_match[] = { 654 { 655 .name = "SUNW,leo", 656 }, 657 {}, 658 }; 659 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, leo_match); 660 661 static struct platform_driver leo_driver = { 662 .driver = { 663 .name = "leo", 664 .of_match_table = leo_match, 665 }, 666 .probe = leo_probe, 667 .remove_new = leo_remove, 668 }; 669 670 static int __init leo_init(void) 671 { 672 if (fb_get_options("leofb", NULL)) 673 return -ENODEV; 674 675 return platform_driver_register(&leo_driver); 676 } 677 678 static void __exit leo_exit(void) 679 { 680 platform_driver_unregister(&leo_driver); 681 } 682 683 module_init(leo_init); 684 module_exit(leo_exit); 685 686 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("framebuffer driver for LEO chipsets"); 687 MODULE_AUTHOR("David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>"); 688 MODULE_VERSION("2.0"); 689 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); 690