1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 2 /* 3 * Copyright 2007, Frank A Kingswood <frank@kingswood-consulting.co.uk> 4 * Copyright 2007, Werner Cornelius <werner@cornelius-consult.de> 5 * Copyright 2009, Boris Hajduk <boris@hajduk.org> 6 * 7 * ch341.c implements a serial port driver for the Winchiphead CH341. 8 * 9 * The CH341 device can be used to implement an RS232 asynchronous 10 * serial port, an IEEE-1284 parallel printer port or a memory-like 11 * interface. In all cases the CH341 supports an I2C interface as well. 12 * This driver only supports the asynchronous serial interface. 13 */ 14 15 #include <linux/kernel.h> 16 #include <linux/tty.h> 17 #include <linux/module.h> 18 #include <linux/slab.h> 19 #include <linux/usb.h> 20 #include <linux/usb/serial.h> 21 #include <linux/serial.h> 22 #include <asm/unaligned.h> 23 24 #define DEFAULT_BAUD_RATE 9600 25 #define DEFAULT_TIMEOUT 1000 26 27 /* flags for IO-Bits */ 28 #define CH341_BIT_RTS (1 << 6) 29 #define CH341_BIT_DTR (1 << 5) 30 31 /******************************/ 32 /* interrupt pipe definitions */ 33 /******************************/ 34 /* always 4 interrupt bytes */ 35 /* first irq byte normally 0x08 */ 36 /* second irq byte base 0x7d + below */ 37 /* third irq byte base 0x94 + below */ 38 /* fourth irq byte normally 0xee */ 39 40 /* second interrupt byte */ 41 #define CH341_MULT_STAT 0x04 /* multiple status since last interrupt event */ 42 43 /* status returned in third interrupt answer byte, inverted in data 44 from irq */ 45 #define CH341_BIT_CTS 0x01 46 #define CH341_BIT_DSR 0x02 47 #define CH341_BIT_RI 0x04 48 #define CH341_BIT_DCD 0x08 49 #define CH341_BITS_MODEM_STAT 0x0f /* all bits */ 50 51 /* Break support - the information used to implement this was gleaned from 52 * the Net/FreeBSD uchcom.c driver by Takanori Watanabe. Domo arigato. 53 */ 54 55 #define CH341_REQ_READ_VERSION 0x5F 56 #define CH341_REQ_WRITE_REG 0x9A 57 #define CH341_REQ_READ_REG 0x95 58 #define CH341_REQ_SERIAL_INIT 0xA1 59 #define CH341_REQ_MODEM_CTRL 0xA4 60 61 #define CH341_REG_BREAK 0x05 62 #define CH341_REG_LCR 0x18 63 #define CH341_NBREAK_BITS 0x01 64 65 #define CH341_LCR_ENABLE_RX 0x80 66 #define CH341_LCR_ENABLE_TX 0x40 67 #define CH341_LCR_MARK_SPACE 0x20 68 #define CH341_LCR_PAR_EVEN 0x10 69 #define CH341_LCR_ENABLE_PAR 0x08 70 #define CH341_LCR_STOP_BITS_2 0x04 71 #define CH341_LCR_CS8 0x03 72 #define CH341_LCR_CS7 0x02 73 #define CH341_LCR_CS6 0x01 74 #define CH341_LCR_CS5 0x00 75 76 static const struct usb_device_id id_table[] = { 77 { USB_DEVICE(0x4348, 0x5523) }, 78 { USB_DEVICE(0x1a86, 0x7523) }, 79 { USB_DEVICE(0x1a86, 0x5523) }, 80 { }, 81 }; 82 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, id_table); 83 84 struct ch341_private { 85 spinlock_t lock; /* access lock */ 86 unsigned baud_rate; /* set baud rate */ 87 u8 mcr; 88 u8 msr; 89 u8 lcr; 90 }; 91 92 static void ch341_set_termios(struct tty_struct *tty, 93 struct usb_serial_port *port, 94 struct ktermios *old_termios); 95 96 static int ch341_control_out(struct usb_device *dev, u8 request, 97 u16 value, u16 index) 98 { 99 int r; 100 101 dev_dbg(&dev->dev, "%s - (%02x,%04x,%04x)\n", __func__, 102 request, value, index); 103 104 r = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), request, 105 USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_DIR_OUT, 106 value, index, NULL, 0, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT); 107 if (r < 0) 108 dev_err(&dev->dev, "failed to send control message: %d\n", r); 109 110 return r; 111 } 112 113 static int ch341_control_in(struct usb_device *dev, 114 u8 request, u16 value, u16 index, 115 char *buf, unsigned bufsize) 116 { 117 int r; 118 119 dev_dbg(&dev->dev, "%s - (%02x,%04x,%04x,%u)\n", __func__, 120 request, value, index, bufsize); 121 122 r = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), request, 123 USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_DIR_IN, 124 value, index, buf, bufsize, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT); 125 if (r < (int)bufsize) { 126 if (r >= 0) { 127 dev_err(&dev->dev, 128 "short control message received (%d < %u)\n", 129 r, bufsize); 130 r = -EIO; 131 } 132 133 dev_err(&dev->dev, "failed to receive control message: %d\n", 134 r); 135 return r; 136 } 137 138 return 0; 139 } 140 141 #define CH341_CLKRATE 48000000 142 #define CH341_CLK_DIV(ps, fact) (1 << (12 - 3 * (ps) - (fact))) 143 #define CH341_MIN_RATE(ps) (CH341_CLKRATE / (CH341_CLK_DIV((ps), 1) * 512)) 144 145 static const speed_t ch341_min_rates[] = { 146 CH341_MIN_RATE(0), 147 CH341_MIN_RATE(1), 148 CH341_MIN_RATE(2), 149 CH341_MIN_RATE(3), 150 }; 151 152 /* 153 * The device line speed is given by the following equation: 154 * 155 * baudrate = 48000000 / (2^(12 - 3 * ps - fact) * div), where 156 * 157 * 0 <= ps <= 3, 158 * 0 <= fact <= 1, 159 * 2 <= div <= 256 if fact = 0, or 160 * 9 <= div <= 256 if fact = 1 161 */ 162 static int ch341_get_divisor(speed_t speed) 163 { 164 unsigned int fact, div, clk_div; 165 int ps; 166 167 /* 168 * Clamp to supported range, this makes the (ps < 0) and (div < 2) 169 * sanity checks below redundant. 170 */ 171 speed = clamp(speed, 46U, 3000000U); 172 173 /* 174 * Start with highest possible base clock (fact = 1) that will give a 175 * divisor strictly less than 512. 176 */ 177 fact = 1; 178 for (ps = 3; ps >= 0; ps--) { 179 if (speed > ch341_min_rates[ps]) 180 break; 181 } 182 183 if (ps < 0) 184 return -EINVAL; 185 186 /* Determine corresponding divisor, rounding down. */ 187 clk_div = CH341_CLK_DIV(ps, fact); 188 div = CH341_CLKRATE / (clk_div * speed); 189 190 /* Halve base clock (fact = 0) if required. */ 191 if (div < 9 || div > 255) { 192 div /= 2; 193 clk_div *= 2; 194 fact = 0; 195 } 196 197 if (div < 2) 198 return -EINVAL; 199 200 /* 201 * Pick next divisor if resulting rate is closer to the requested one, 202 * scale up to avoid rounding errors on low rates. 203 */ 204 if (16 * CH341_CLKRATE / (clk_div * div) - 16 * speed >= 205 16 * speed - 16 * CH341_CLKRATE / (clk_div * (div + 1))) 206 div++; 207 208 return (0x100 - div) << 8 | fact << 2 | ps; 209 } 210 211 static int ch341_set_baudrate_lcr(struct usb_device *dev, 212 struct ch341_private *priv, u8 lcr) 213 { 214 int val; 215 int r; 216 217 if (!priv->baud_rate) 218 return -EINVAL; 219 220 val = ch341_get_divisor(priv->baud_rate); 221 if (val < 0) 222 return -EINVAL; 223 224 /* 225 * CH341A buffers data until a full endpoint-size packet (32 bytes) 226 * has been received unless bit 7 is set. 227 */ 228 val |= BIT(7); 229 230 r = ch341_control_out(dev, CH341_REQ_WRITE_REG, 0x1312, val); 231 if (r) 232 return r; 233 234 r = ch341_control_out(dev, CH341_REQ_WRITE_REG, 0x2518, lcr); 235 if (r) 236 return r; 237 238 return r; 239 } 240 241 static int ch341_set_handshake(struct usb_device *dev, u8 control) 242 { 243 return ch341_control_out(dev, CH341_REQ_MODEM_CTRL, ~control, 0); 244 } 245 246 static int ch341_get_status(struct usb_device *dev, struct ch341_private *priv) 247 { 248 const unsigned int size = 2; 249 char *buffer; 250 int r; 251 unsigned long flags; 252 253 buffer = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL); 254 if (!buffer) 255 return -ENOMEM; 256 257 r = ch341_control_in(dev, CH341_REQ_READ_REG, 0x0706, 0, buffer, size); 258 if (r < 0) 259 goto out; 260 261 spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags); 262 priv->msr = (~(*buffer)) & CH341_BITS_MODEM_STAT; 263 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags); 264 265 out: kfree(buffer); 266 return r; 267 } 268 269 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 270 271 static int ch341_configure(struct usb_device *dev, struct ch341_private *priv) 272 { 273 const unsigned int size = 2; 274 char *buffer; 275 int r; 276 277 buffer = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL); 278 if (!buffer) 279 return -ENOMEM; 280 281 /* expect two bytes 0x27 0x00 */ 282 r = ch341_control_in(dev, CH341_REQ_READ_VERSION, 0, 0, buffer, size); 283 if (r < 0) 284 goto out; 285 dev_dbg(&dev->dev, "Chip version: 0x%02x\n", buffer[0]); 286 287 r = ch341_control_out(dev, CH341_REQ_SERIAL_INIT, 0, 0); 288 if (r < 0) 289 goto out; 290 291 r = ch341_set_baudrate_lcr(dev, priv, priv->lcr); 292 if (r < 0) 293 goto out; 294 295 r = ch341_set_handshake(dev, priv->mcr); 296 297 out: kfree(buffer); 298 return r; 299 } 300 301 static int ch341_port_probe(struct usb_serial_port *port) 302 { 303 struct ch341_private *priv; 304 int r; 305 306 priv = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ch341_private), GFP_KERNEL); 307 if (!priv) 308 return -ENOMEM; 309 310 spin_lock_init(&priv->lock); 311 priv->baud_rate = DEFAULT_BAUD_RATE; 312 /* 313 * Some CH340 devices appear unable to change the initial LCR 314 * settings, so set a sane 8N1 default. 315 */ 316 priv->lcr = CH341_LCR_ENABLE_RX | CH341_LCR_ENABLE_TX | CH341_LCR_CS8; 317 318 r = ch341_configure(port->serial->dev, priv); 319 if (r < 0) 320 goto error; 321 322 usb_set_serial_port_data(port, priv); 323 return 0; 324 325 error: kfree(priv); 326 return r; 327 } 328 329 static int ch341_port_remove(struct usb_serial_port *port) 330 { 331 struct ch341_private *priv; 332 333 priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port); 334 kfree(priv); 335 336 return 0; 337 } 338 339 static int ch341_carrier_raised(struct usb_serial_port *port) 340 { 341 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port); 342 if (priv->msr & CH341_BIT_DCD) 343 return 1; 344 return 0; 345 } 346 347 static void ch341_dtr_rts(struct usb_serial_port *port, int on) 348 { 349 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port); 350 unsigned long flags; 351 352 /* drop DTR and RTS */ 353 spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags); 354 if (on) 355 priv->mcr |= CH341_BIT_RTS | CH341_BIT_DTR; 356 else 357 priv->mcr &= ~(CH341_BIT_RTS | CH341_BIT_DTR); 358 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags); 359 ch341_set_handshake(port->serial->dev, priv->mcr); 360 } 361 362 static void ch341_close(struct usb_serial_port *port) 363 { 364 usb_serial_generic_close(port); 365 usb_kill_urb(port->interrupt_in_urb); 366 } 367 368 369 /* open this device, set default parameters */ 370 static int ch341_open(struct tty_struct *tty, struct usb_serial_port *port) 371 { 372 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port); 373 int r; 374 375 if (tty) 376 ch341_set_termios(tty, port, NULL); 377 378 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - submitting interrupt urb\n", __func__); 379 r = usb_submit_urb(port->interrupt_in_urb, GFP_KERNEL); 380 if (r) { 381 dev_err(&port->dev, "%s - failed to submit interrupt urb: %d\n", 382 __func__, r); 383 return r; 384 } 385 386 r = ch341_get_status(port->serial->dev, priv); 387 if (r < 0) { 388 dev_err(&port->dev, "failed to read modem status: %d\n", r); 389 goto err_kill_interrupt_urb; 390 } 391 392 r = usb_serial_generic_open(tty, port); 393 if (r) 394 goto err_kill_interrupt_urb; 395 396 return 0; 397 398 err_kill_interrupt_urb: 399 usb_kill_urb(port->interrupt_in_urb); 400 401 return r; 402 } 403 404 /* Old_termios contains the original termios settings and 405 * tty->termios contains the new setting to be used. 406 */ 407 static void ch341_set_termios(struct tty_struct *tty, 408 struct usb_serial_port *port, struct ktermios *old_termios) 409 { 410 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port); 411 unsigned baud_rate; 412 unsigned long flags; 413 u8 lcr; 414 int r; 415 416 /* redundant changes may cause the chip to lose bytes */ 417 if (old_termios && !tty_termios_hw_change(&tty->termios, old_termios)) 418 return; 419 420 baud_rate = tty_get_baud_rate(tty); 421 422 lcr = CH341_LCR_ENABLE_RX | CH341_LCR_ENABLE_TX; 423 424 switch (C_CSIZE(tty)) { 425 case CS5: 426 lcr |= CH341_LCR_CS5; 427 break; 428 case CS6: 429 lcr |= CH341_LCR_CS6; 430 break; 431 case CS7: 432 lcr |= CH341_LCR_CS7; 433 break; 434 case CS8: 435 lcr |= CH341_LCR_CS8; 436 break; 437 } 438 439 if (C_PARENB(tty)) { 440 lcr |= CH341_LCR_ENABLE_PAR; 441 if (C_PARODD(tty) == 0) 442 lcr |= CH341_LCR_PAR_EVEN; 443 if (C_CMSPAR(tty)) 444 lcr |= CH341_LCR_MARK_SPACE; 445 } 446 447 if (C_CSTOPB(tty)) 448 lcr |= CH341_LCR_STOP_BITS_2; 449 450 if (baud_rate) { 451 priv->baud_rate = baud_rate; 452 453 r = ch341_set_baudrate_lcr(port->serial->dev, priv, lcr); 454 if (r < 0 && old_termios) { 455 priv->baud_rate = tty_termios_baud_rate(old_termios); 456 tty_termios_copy_hw(&tty->termios, old_termios); 457 } else if (r == 0) { 458 priv->lcr = lcr; 459 } 460 } 461 462 spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags); 463 if (C_BAUD(tty) == B0) 464 priv->mcr &= ~(CH341_BIT_DTR | CH341_BIT_RTS); 465 else if (old_termios && (old_termios->c_cflag & CBAUD) == B0) 466 priv->mcr |= (CH341_BIT_DTR | CH341_BIT_RTS); 467 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags); 468 469 ch341_set_handshake(port->serial->dev, priv->mcr); 470 } 471 472 static void ch341_break_ctl(struct tty_struct *tty, int break_state) 473 { 474 const uint16_t ch341_break_reg = 475 ((uint16_t) CH341_REG_LCR << 8) | CH341_REG_BREAK; 476 struct usb_serial_port *port = tty->driver_data; 477 int r; 478 uint16_t reg_contents; 479 uint8_t *break_reg; 480 481 break_reg = kmalloc(2, GFP_KERNEL); 482 if (!break_reg) 483 return; 484 485 r = ch341_control_in(port->serial->dev, CH341_REQ_READ_REG, 486 ch341_break_reg, 0, break_reg, 2); 487 if (r < 0) { 488 dev_err(&port->dev, "%s - USB control read error (%d)\n", 489 __func__, r); 490 goto out; 491 } 492 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - initial ch341 break register contents - reg1: %x, reg2: %x\n", 493 __func__, break_reg[0], break_reg[1]); 494 if (break_state != 0) { 495 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - Enter break state requested\n", __func__); 496 break_reg[0] &= ~CH341_NBREAK_BITS; 497 break_reg[1] &= ~CH341_LCR_ENABLE_TX; 498 } else { 499 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - Leave break state requested\n", __func__); 500 break_reg[0] |= CH341_NBREAK_BITS; 501 break_reg[1] |= CH341_LCR_ENABLE_TX; 502 } 503 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - New ch341 break register contents - reg1: %x, reg2: %x\n", 504 __func__, break_reg[0], break_reg[1]); 505 reg_contents = get_unaligned_le16(break_reg); 506 r = ch341_control_out(port->serial->dev, CH341_REQ_WRITE_REG, 507 ch341_break_reg, reg_contents); 508 if (r < 0) 509 dev_err(&port->dev, "%s - USB control write error (%d)\n", 510 __func__, r); 511 out: 512 kfree(break_reg); 513 } 514 515 static int ch341_tiocmset(struct tty_struct *tty, 516 unsigned int set, unsigned int clear) 517 { 518 struct usb_serial_port *port = tty->driver_data; 519 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port); 520 unsigned long flags; 521 u8 control; 522 523 spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags); 524 if (set & TIOCM_RTS) 525 priv->mcr |= CH341_BIT_RTS; 526 if (set & TIOCM_DTR) 527 priv->mcr |= CH341_BIT_DTR; 528 if (clear & TIOCM_RTS) 529 priv->mcr &= ~CH341_BIT_RTS; 530 if (clear & TIOCM_DTR) 531 priv->mcr &= ~CH341_BIT_DTR; 532 control = priv->mcr; 533 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags); 534 535 return ch341_set_handshake(port->serial->dev, control); 536 } 537 538 static void ch341_update_status(struct usb_serial_port *port, 539 unsigned char *data, size_t len) 540 { 541 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port); 542 struct tty_struct *tty; 543 unsigned long flags; 544 u8 status; 545 u8 delta; 546 547 if (len < 4) 548 return; 549 550 status = ~data[2] & CH341_BITS_MODEM_STAT; 551 552 spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags); 553 delta = status ^ priv->msr; 554 priv->msr = status; 555 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags); 556 557 if (data[1] & CH341_MULT_STAT) 558 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - multiple status change\n", __func__); 559 560 if (!delta) 561 return; 562 563 if (delta & CH341_BIT_CTS) 564 port->icount.cts++; 565 if (delta & CH341_BIT_DSR) 566 port->icount.dsr++; 567 if (delta & CH341_BIT_RI) 568 port->icount.rng++; 569 if (delta & CH341_BIT_DCD) { 570 port->icount.dcd++; 571 tty = tty_port_tty_get(&port->port); 572 if (tty) { 573 usb_serial_handle_dcd_change(port, tty, 574 status & CH341_BIT_DCD); 575 tty_kref_put(tty); 576 } 577 } 578 579 wake_up_interruptible(&port->port.delta_msr_wait); 580 } 581 582 static void ch341_read_int_callback(struct urb *urb) 583 { 584 struct usb_serial_port *port = urb->context; 585 unsigned char *data = urb->transfer_buffer; 586 unsigned int len = urb->actual_length; 587 int status; 588 589 switch (urb->status) { 590 case 0: 591 /* success */ 592 break; 593 case -ECONNRESET: 594 case -ENOENT: 595 case -ESHUTDOWN: 596 /* this urb is terminated, clean up */ 597 dev_dbg(&urb->dev->dev, "%s - urb shutting down: %d\n", 598 __func__, urb->status); 599 return; 600 default: 601 dev_dbg(&urb->dev->dev, "%s - nonzero urb status: %d\n", 602 __func__, urb->status); 603 goto exit; 604 } 605 606 usb_serial_debug_data(&port->dev, __func__, len, data); 607 ch341_update_status(port, data, len); 608 exit: 609 status = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC); 610 if (status) { 611 dev_err(&urb->dev->dev, "%s - usb_submit_urb failed: %d\n", 612 __func__, status); 613 } 614 } 615 616 static int ch341_tiocmget(struct tty_struct *tty) 617 { 618 struct usb_serial_port *port = tty->driver_data; 619 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port); 620 unsigned long flags; 621 u8 mcr; 622 u8 status; 623 unsigned int result; 624 625 spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags); 626 mcr = priv->mcr; 627 status = priv->msr; 628 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags); 629 630 result = ((mcr & CH341_BIT_DTR) ? TIOCM_DTR : 0) 631 | ((mcr & CH341_BIT_RTS) ? TIOCM_RTS : 0) 632 | ((status & CH341_BIT_CTS) ? TIOCM_CTS : 0) 633 | ((status & CH341_BIT_DSR) ? TIOCM_DSR : 0) 634 | ((status & CH341_BIT_RI) ? TIOCM_RI : 0) 635 | ((status & CH341_BIT_DCD) ? TIOCM_CD : 0); 636 637 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - result = %x\n", __func__, result); 638 639 return result; 640 } 641 642 static int ch341_reset_resume(struct usb_serial *serial) 643 { 644 struct usb_serial_port *port = serial->port[0]; 645 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port); 646 int ret; 647 648 /* reconfigure ch341 serial port after bus-reset */ 649 ch341_configure(serial->dev, priv); 650 651 if (tty_port_initialized(&port->port)) { 652 ret = usb_submit_urb(port->interrupt_in_urb, GFP_NOIO); 653 if (ret) { 654 dev_err(&port->dev, "failed to submit interrupt urb: %d\n", 655 ret); 656 return ret; 657 } 658 659 ret = ch341_get_status(port->serial->dev, priv); 660 if (ret < 0) { 661 dev_err(&port->dev, "failed to read modem status: %d\n", 662 ret); 663 } 664 } 665 666 return usb_serial_generic_resume(serial); 667 } 668 669 static struct usb_serial_driver ch341_device = { 670 .driver = { 671 .owner = THIS_MODULE, 672 .name = "ch341-uart", 673 }, 674 .id_table = id_table, 675 .num_ports = 1, 676 .open = ch341_open, 677 .dtr_rts = ch341_dtr_rts, 678 .carrier_raised = ch341_carrier_raised, 679 .close = ch341_close, 680 .set_termios = ch341_set_termios, 681 .break_ctl = ch341_break_ctl, 682 .tiocmget = ch341_tiocmget, 683 .tiocmset = ch341_tiocmset, 684 .tiocmiwait = usb_serial_generic_tiocmiwait, 685 .read_int_callback = ch341_read_int_callback, 686 .port_probe = ch341_port_probe, 687 .port_remove = ch341_port_remove, 688 .reset_resume = ch341_reset_resume, 689 }; 690 691 static struct usb_serial_driver * const serial_drivers[] = { 692 &ch341_device, NULL 693 }; 694 695 module_usb_serial_driver(serial_drivers, id_table); 696 697 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2"); 698