1 /*
2  * Generic SCSI-3 ALUA SCSI Device Handler
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Hannes Reinecke, SUSE Linux Products GmbH.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
10  * (at your option) any later version.
11  *
12  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
15  * GNU General Public License for more details.
16  *
17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
19  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
20  *
21  */
22 #include <linux/slab.h>
23 #include <linux/delay.h>
24 #include <linux/module.h>
25 #include <asm/unaligned.h>
26 #include <scsi/scsi.h>
27 #include <scsi/scsi_proto.h>
28 #include <scsi/scsi_dbg.h>
29 #include <scsi/scsi_eh.h>
30 #include <scsi/scsi_dh.h>
31 
32 #define ALUA_DH_NAME "alua"
33 #define ALUA_DH_VER "2.0"
34 
35 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_NONE		0x00
36 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_OPTIMIZED		0x01
37 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_NONOPTIMIZED	0x02
38 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_STANDBY		0x04
39 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_UNAVAILABLE	0x08
40 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_LBA_DEPENDENT	0x10
41 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_OFFLINE		0x40
42 #define TPGS_SUPPORT_TRANSITION		0x80
43 
44 #define RTPG_FMT_MASK			0x70
45 #define RTPG_FMT_EXT_HDR		0x10
46 
47 #define TPGS_MODE_UNINITIALIZED		 -1
48 #define TPGS_MODE_NONE			0x0
49 #define TPGS_MODE_IMPLICIT		0x1
50 #define TPGS_MODE_EXPLICIT		0x2
51 
52 #define ALUA_RTPG_SIZE			128
53 #define ALUA_FAILOVER_TIMEOUT		60
54 #define ALUA_FAILOVER_RETRIES		5
55 #define ALUA_RTPG_DELAY_MSECS		5
56 
57 /* device handler flags */
58 #define ALUA_OPTIMIZE_STPG		0x01
59 #define ALUA_RTPG_EXT_HDR_UNSUPP	0x02
60 #define ALUA_SYNC_STPG			0x04
61 /* State machine flags */
62 #define ALUA_PG_RUN_RTPG		0x10
63 #define ALUA_PG_RUN_STPG		0x20
64 #define ALUA_PG_RUNNING			0x40
65 
66 static uint optimize_stpg;
67 module_param(optimize_stpg, uint, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR);
68 MODULE_PARM_DESC(optimize_stpg, "Allow use of a non-optimized path, rather than sending a STPG, when implicit TPGS is supported (0=No,1=Yes). Default is 0.");
69 
70 static LIST_HEAD(port_group_list);
71 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(port_group_lock);
72 static struct workqueue_struct *kaluad_wq;
73 static struct workqueue_struct *kaluad_sync_wq;
74 
75 struct alua_port_group {
76 	struct kref		kref;
77 	struct rcu_head		rcu;
78 	struct list_head	node;
79 	struct list_head	dh_list;
80 	unsigned char		device_id_str[256];
81 	int			device_id_len;
82 	int			group_id;
83 	int			tpgs;
84 	int			state;
85 	int			pref;
86 	unsigned		flags; /* used for optimizing STPG */
87 	unsigned char		transition_tmo;
88 	unsigned long		expiry;
89 	unsigned long		interval;
90 	struct delayed_work	rtpg_work;
91 	spinlock_t		lock;
92 	struct list_head	rtpg_list;
93 	struct scsi_device	*rtpg_sdev;
94 };
95 
96 struct alua_dh_data {
97 	struct list_head	node;
98 	struct alua_port_group __rcu *pg;
99 	int			group_id;
100 	spinlock_t		pg_lock;
101 	struct scsi_device	*sdev;
102 	int			init_error;
103 	struct mutex		init_mutex;
104 };
105 
106 struct alua_queue_data {
107 	struct list_head	entry;
108 	activate_complete	callback_fn;
109 	void			*callback_data;
110 };
111 
112 #define ALUA_POLICY_SWITCH_CURRENT	0
113 #define ALUA_POLICY_SWITCH_ALL		1
114 
115 static void alua_rtpg_work(struct work_struct *work);
116 static void alua_rtpg_queue(struct alua_port_group *pg,
117 			    struct scsi_device *sdev,
118 			    struct alua_queue_data *qdata, bool force);
119 static void alua_check(struct scsi_device *sdev, bool force);
120 
121 static void release_port_group(struct kref *kref)
122 {
123 	struct alua_port_group *pg;
124 
125 	pg = container_of(kref, struct alua_port_group, kref);
126 	if (pg->rtpg_sdev)
127 		flush_delayed_work(&pg->rtpg_work);
128 	spin_lock(&port_group_lock);
129 	list_del(&pg->node);
130 	spin_unlock(&port_group_lock);
131 	kfree_rcu(pg, rcu);
132 }
133 
134 /*
135  * submit_rtpg - Issue a REPORT TARGET GROUP STATES command
136  * @sdev: sdev the command should be sent to
137  */
138 static int submit_rtpg(struct scsi_device *sdev, unsigned char *buff,
139 		       int bufflen, struct scsi_sense_hdr *sshdr, int flags)
140 {
141 	u8 cdb[COMMAND_SIZE(MAINTENANCE_IN)];
142 	int req_flags = REQ_FAILFAST_DEV | REQ_FAILFAST_TRANSPORT |
143 		REQ_FAILFAST_DRIVER;
144 
145 	/* Prepare the command. */
146 	memset(cdb, 0x0, COMMAND_SIZE(MAINTENANCE_IN));
147 	cdb[0] = MAINTENANCE_IN;
148 	if (!(flags & ALUA_RTPG_EXT_HDR_UNSUPP))
149 		cdb[1] = MI_REPORT_TARGET_PGS | MI_EXT_HDR_PARAM_FMT;
150 	else
151 		cdb[1] = MI_REPORT_TARGET_PGS;
152 	put_unaligned_be32(bufflen, &cdb[6]);
153 
154 	return scsi_execute_req_flags(sdev, cdb, DMA_FROM_DEVICE,
155 				      buff, bufflen, sshdr,
156 				      ALUA_FAILOVER_TIMEOUT * HZ,
157 				      ALUA_FAILOVER_RETRIES, NULL,
158 				      req_flags, 0);
159 }
160 
161 /*
162  * submit_stpg - Issue a SET TARGET PORT GROUP command
163  *
164  * Currently we're only setting the current target port group state
165  * to 'active/optimized' and let the array firmware figure out
166  * the states of the remaining groups.
167  */
168 static int submit_stpg(struct scsi_device *sdev, int group_id,
169 		       struct scsi_sense_hdr *sshdr)
170 {
171 	u8 cdb[COMMAND_SIZE(MAINTENANCE_OUT)];
172 	unsigned char stpg_data[8];
173 	int stpg_len = 8;
174 	int req_flags = REQ_FAILFAST_DEV | REQ_FAILFAST_TRANSPORT |
175 		REQ_FAILFAST_DRIVER;
176 
177 	/* Prepare the data buffer */
178 	memset(stpg_data, 0, stpg_len);
179 	stpg_data[4] = SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_OPTIMAL;
180 	put_unaligned_be16(group_id, &stpg_data[6]);
181 
182 	/* Prepare the command. */
183 	memset(cdb, 0x0, COMMAND_SIZE(MAINTENANCE_OUT));
184 	cdb[0] = MAINTENANCE_OUT;
185 	cdb[1] = MO_SET_TARGET_PGS;
186 	put_unaligned_be32(stpg_len, &cdb[6]);
187 
188 	return scsi_execute_req_flags(sdev, cdb, DMA_TO_DEVICE,
189 				      stpg_data, stpg_len,
190 				      sshdr, ALUA_FAILOVER_TIMEOUT * HZ,
191 				      ALUA_FAILOVER_RETRIES, NULL,
192 				      req_flags, 0);
193 }
194 
195 static struct alua_port_group *alua_find_get_pg(char *id_str, size_t id_size,
196 						int group_id)
197 {
198 	struct alua_port_group *pg;
199 
200 	if (!id_str || !id_size || !strlen(id_str))
201 		return NULL;
202 
203 	list_for_each_entry(pg, &port_group_list, node) {
204 		if (pg->group_id != group_id)
205 			continue;
206 		if (!pg->device_id_len || pg->device_id_len != id_size)
207 			continue;
208 		if (strncmp(pg->device_id_str, id_str, id_size))
209 			continue;
210 		if (!kref_get_unless_zero(&pg->kref))
211 			continue;
212 		return pg;
213 	}
214 
215 	return NULL;
216 }
217 
218 /*
219  * alua_alloc_pg - Allocate a new port_group structure
220  * @sdev: scsi device
221  * @h: alua device_handler data
222  * @group_id: port group id
223  *
224  * Allocate a new port_group structure for a given
225  * device.
226  */
227 static struct alua_port_group *alua_alloc_pg(struct scsi_device *sdev,
228 					     int group_id, int tpgs)
229 {
230 	struct alua_port_group *pg, *tmp_pg;
231 
232 	pg = kzalloc(sizeof(struct alua_port_group), GFP_KERNEL);
233 	if (!pg)
234 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
235 
236 	pg->device_id_len = scsi_vpd_lun_id(sdev, pg->device_id_str,
237 					    sizeof(pg->device_id_str));
238 	if (pg->device_id_len <= 0) {
239 		/*
240 		 * TPGS supported but no device identification found.
241 		 * Generate private device identification.
242 		 */
243 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
244 			    "%s: No device descriptors found\n",
245 			    ALUA_DH_NAME);
246 		pg->device_id_str[0] = '\0';
247 		pg->device_id_len = 0;
248 	}
249 	pg->group_id = group_id;
250 	pg->tpgs = tpgs;
251 	pg->state = SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_OPTIMAL;
252 	if (optimize_stpg)
253 		pg->flags |= ALUA_OPTIMIZE_STPG;
254 	kref_init(&pg->kref);
255 	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&pg->rtpg_work, alua_rtpg_work);
256 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pg->rtpg_list);
257 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pg->node);
258 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pg->dh_list);
259 	spin_lock_init(&pg->lock);
260 
261 	spin_lock(&port_group_lock);
262 	tmp_pg = alua_find_get_pg(pg->device_id_str, pg->device_id_len,
263 				  group_id);
264 	if (tmp_pg) {
265 		spin_unlock(&port_group_lock);
266 		kfree(pg);
267 		return tmp_pg;
268 	}
269 
270 	list_add(&pg->node, &port_group_list);
271 	spin_unlock(&port_group_lock);
272 
273 	return pg;
274 }
275 
276 /*
277  * alua_check_tpgs - Evaluate TPGS setting
278  * @sdev: device to be checked
279  *
280  * Examine the TPGS setting of the sdev to find out if ALUA
281  * is supported.
282  */
283 static int alua_check_tpgs(struct scsi_device *sdev)
284 {
285 	int tpgs = TPGS_MODE_NONE;
286 
287 	/*
288 	 * ALUA support for non-disk devices is fraught with
289 	 * difficulties, so disable it for now.
290 	 */
291 	if (sdev->type != TYPE_DISK) {
292 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
293 			    "%s: disable for non-disk devices\n",
294 			    ALUA_DH_NAME);
295 		return tpgs;
296 	}
297 
298 	tpgs = scsi_device_tpgs(sdev);
299 	switch (tpgs) {
300 	case TPGS_MODE_EXPLICIT|TPGS_MODE_IMPLICIT:
301 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
302 			    "%s: supports implicit and explicit TPGS\n",
303 			    ALUA_DH_NAME);
304 		break;
305 	case TPGS_MODE_EXPLICIT:
306 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev, "%s: supports explicit TPGS\n",
307 			    ALUA_DH_NAME);
308 		break;
309 	case TPGS_MODE_IMPLICIT:
310 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev, "%s: supports implicit TPGS\n",
311 			    ALUA_DH_NAME);
312 		break;
313 	case TPGS_MODE_NONE:
314 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev, "%s: not supported\n",
315 			    ALUA_DH_NAME);
316 		break;
317 	default:
318 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
319 			    "%s: unsupported TPGS setting %d\n",
320 			    ALUA_DH_NAME, tpgs);
321 		tpgs = TPGS_MODE_NONE;
322 		break;
323 	}
324 
325 	return tpgs;
326 }
327 
328 /*
329  * alua_check_vpd - Evaluate INQUIRY vpd page 0x83
330  * @sdev: device to be checked
331  *
332  * Extract the relative target port and the target port group
333  * descriptor from the list of identificators.
334  */
335 static int alua_check_vpd(struct scsi_device *sdev, struct alua_dh_data *h,
336 			  int tpgs)
337 {
338 	int rel_port = -1, group_id;
339 	struct alua_port_group *pg, *old_pg = NULL;
340 	bool pg_updated = false;
341 	unsigned long flags;
342 
343 	group_id = scsi_vpd_tpg_id(sdev, &rel_port);
344 	if (group_id < 0) {
345 		/*
346 		 * Internal error; TPGS supported but required
347 		 * VPD identification descriptors not present.
348 		 * Disable ALUA support
349 		 */
350 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
351 			    "%s: No target port descriptors found\n",
352 			    ALUA_DH_NAME);
353 		return SCSI_DH_DEV_UNSUPP;
354 	}
355 
356 	pg = alua_alloc_pg(sdev, group_id, tpgs);
357 	if (IS_ERR(pg)) {
358 		if (PTR_ERR(pg) == -ENOMEM)
359 			return SCSI_DH_NOMEM;
360 		return SCSI_DH_DEV_UNSUPP;
361 	}
362 	if (pg->device_id_len)
363 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
364 			    "%s: device %s port group %x rel port %x\n",
365 			    ALUA_DH_NAME, pg->device_id_str,
366 			    group_id, rel_port);
367 	else
368 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
369 			    "%s: port group %x rel port %x\n",
370 			    ALUA_DH_NAME, group_id, rel_port);
371 
372 	/* Check for existing port group references */
373 	spin_lock(&h->pg_lock);
374 	old_pg = rcu_dereference_protected(h->pg, lockdep_is_held(&h->pg_lock));
375 	if (old_pg != pg) {
376 		/* port group has changed. Update to new port group */
377 		if (h->pg) {
378 			spin_lock_irqsave(&old_pg->lock, flags);
379 			list_del_rcu(&h->node);
380 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&old_pg->lock, flags);
381 		}
382 		rcu_assign_pointer(h->pg, pg);
383 		pg_updated = true;
384 	}
385 
386 	spin_lock_irqsave(&pg->lock, flags);
387 	if (sdev->synchronous_alua)
388 		pg->flags |= ALUA_SYNC_STPG;
389 	if (pg_updated)
390 		list_add_rcu(&h->node, &pg->dh_list);
391 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pg->lock, flags);
392 
393 	alua_rtpg_queue(rcu_dereference_protected(h->pg,
394 						  lockdep_is_held(&h->pg_lock)),
395 			sdev, NULL, true);
396 	spin_unlock(&h->pg_lock);
397 
398 	if (old_pg)
399 		kref_put(&old_pg->kref, release_port_group);
400 
401 	return SCSI_DH_OK;
402 }
403 
404 static char print_alua_state(unsigned char state)
405 {
406 	switch (state) {
407 	case SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_OPTIMAL:
408 		return 'A';
409 	case SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_ACTIVE:
410 		return 'N';
411 	case SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_STANDBY:
412 		return 'S';
413 	case SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_UNAVAILABLE:
414 		return 'U';
415 	case SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_LBA:
416 		return 'L';
417 	case SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_OFFLINE:
418 		return 'O';
419 	case SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_TRANSITIONING:
420 		return 'T';
421 	default:
422 		return 'X';
423 	}
424 }
425 
426 static int alua_check_sense(struct scsi_device *sdev,
427 			    struct scsi_sense_hdr *sense_hdr)
428 {
429 	switch (sense_hdr->sense_key) {
430 	case NOT_READY:
431 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x04 && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x0a) {
432 			/*
433 			 * LUN Not Accessible - ALUA state transition
434 			 */
435 			alua_check(sdev, false);
436 			return NEEDS_RETRY;
437 		}
438 		break;
439 	case UNIT_ATTENTION:
440 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x29 && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x00) {
441 			/*
442 			 * Power On, Reset, or Bus Device Reset.
443 			 * Might have obscured a state transition,
444 			 * so schedule a recheck.
445 			 */
446 			alua_check(sdev, true);
447 			return ADD_TO_MLQUEUE;
448 		}
449 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x29 && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x04)
450 			/*
451 			 * Device internal reset
452 			 */
453 			return ADD_TO_MLQUEUE;
454 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x2a && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x01)
455 			/*
456 			 * Mode Parameters Changed
457 			 */
458 			return ADD_TO_MLQUEUE;
459 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x2a && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x06) {
460 			/*
461 			 * ALUA state changed
462 			 */
463 			alua_check(sdev, true);
464 			return ADD_TO_MLQUEUE;
465 		}
466 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x2a && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x07) {
467 			/*
468 			 * Implicit ALUA state transition failed
469 			 */
470 			alua_check(sdev, true);
471 			return ADD_TO_MLQUEUE;
472 		}
473 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x3f && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x03)
474 			/*
475 			 * Inquiry data has changed
476 			 */
477 			return ADD_TO_MLQUEUE;
478 		if (sense_hdr->asc == 0x3f && sense_hdr->ascq == 0x0e)
479 			/*
480 			 * REPORTED_LUNS_DATA_HAS_CHANGED is reported
481 			 * when switching controllers on targets like
482 			 * Intel Multi-Flex. We can just retry.
483 			 */
484 			return ADD_TO_MLQUEUE;
485 		break;
486 	}
487 
488 	return SCSI_RETURN_NOT_HANDLED;
489 }
490 
491 /*
492  * alua_tur - Send a TEST UNIT READY
493  * @sdev: device to which the TEST UNIT READY command should be send
494  *
495  * Send a TEST UNIT READY to @sdev to figure out the device state
496  * Returns SCSI_DH_RETRY if the sense code is NOT READY/ALUA TRANSITIONING,
497  * SCSI_DH_OK if no error occurred, and SCSI_DH_IO otherwise.
498  */
499 static int alua_tur(struct scsi_device *sdev)
500 {
501 	struct scsi_sense_hdr sense_hdr;
502 	int retval;
503 
504 	retval = scsi_test_unit_ready(sdev, ALUA_FAILOVER_TIMEOUT * HZ,
505 				      ALUA_FAILOVER_RETRIES, &sense_hdr);
506 	if (sense_hdr.sense_key == NOT_READY &&
507 	    sense_hdr.asc == 0x04 && sense_hdr.ascq == 0x0a)
508 		return SCSI_DH_RETRY;
509 	else if (retval)
510 		return SCSI_DH_IO;
511 	else
512 		return SCSI_DH_OK;
513 }
514 
515 /*
516  * alua_rtpg - Evaluate REPORT TARGET GROUP STATES
517  * @sdev: the device to be evaluated.
518  *
519  * Evaluate the Target Port Group State.
520  * Returns SCSI_DH_DEV_OFFLINED if the path is
521  * found to be unusable.
522  */
523 static int alua_rtpg(struct scsi_device *sdev, struct alua_port_group *pg)
524 {
525 	struct scsi_sense_hdr sense_hdr;
526 	struct alua_port_group *tmp_pg;
527 	int len, k, off, valid_states = 0, bufflen = ALUA_RTPG_SIZE;
528 	unsigned char *desc, *buff;
529 	unsigned err, retval;
530 	unsigned int tpg_desc_tbl_off;
531 	unsigned char orig_transition_tmo;
532 	unsigned long flags;
533 
534 	if (!pg->expiry) {
535 		unsigned long transition_tmo = ALUA_FAILOVER_TIMEOUT * HZ;
536 
537 		if (pg->transition_tmo)
538 			transition_tmo = pg->transition_tmo * HZ;
539 
540 		pg->expiry = round_jiffies_up(jiffies + transition_tmo);
541 	}
542 
543 	buff = kzalloc(bufflen, GFP_KERNEL);
544 	if (!buff)
545 		return SCSI_DH_DEV_TEMP_BUSY;
546 
547  retry:
548 	err = 0;
549 	retval = submit_rtpg(sdev, buff, bufflen, &sense_hdr, pg->flags);
550 
551 	if (retval) {
552 		if (!scsi_sense_valid(&sense_hdr)) {
553 			sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
554 				    "%s: rtpg failed, result %d\n",
555 				    ALUA_DH_NAME, retval);
556 			kfree(buff);
557 			if (driver_byte(retval) == DRIVER_ERROR)
558 				return SCSI_DH_DEV_TEMP_BUSY;
559 			return SCSI_DH_IO;
560 		}
561 
562 		/*
563 		 * submit_rtpg() has failed on existing arrays
564 		 * when requesting extended header info, and
565 		 * the array doesn't support extended headers,
566 		 * even though it shouldn't according to T10.
567 		 * The retry without rtpg_ext_hdr_req set
568 		 * handles this.
569 		 */
570 		if (!(pg->flags & ALUA_RTPG_EXT_HDR_UNSUPP) &&
571 		    sense_hdr.sense_key == ILLEGAL_REQUEST &&
572 		    sense_hdr.asc == 0x24 && sense_hdr.ascq == 0) {
573 			pg->flags |= ALUA_RTPG_EXT_HDR_UNSUPP;
574 			goto retry;
575 		}
576 		/*
577 		 * Retry on ALUA state transition or if any
578 		 * UNIT ATTENTION occurred.
579 		 */
580 		if (sense_hdr.sense_key == NOT_READY &&
581 		    sense_hdr.asc == 0x04 && sense_hdr.ascq == 0x0a)
582 			err = SCSI_DH_RETRY;
583 		else if (sense_hdr.sense_key == UNIT_ATTENTION)
584 			err = SCSI_DH_RETRY;
585 		if (err == SCSI_DH_RETRY &&
586 		    pg->expiry != 0 && time_before(jiffies, pg->expiry)) {
587 			sdev_printk(KERN_ERR, sdev, "%s: rtpg retry\n",
588 				    ALUA_DH_NAME);
589 			scsi_print_sense_hdr(sdev, ALUA_DH_NAME, &sense_hdr);
590 			kfree(buff);
591 			return err;
592 		}
593 		sdev_printk(KERN_ERR, sdev, "%s: rtpg failed\n",
594 			    ALUA_DH_NAME);
595 		scsi_print_sense_hdr(sdev, ALUA_DH_NAME, &sense_hdr);
596 		kfree(buff);
597 		pg->expiry = 0;
598 		return SCSI_DH_IO;
599 	}
600 
601 	len = get_unaligned_be32(&buff[0]) + 4;
602 
603 	if (len > bufflen) {
604 		/* Resubmit with the correct length */
605 		kfree(buff);
606 		bufflen = len;
607 		buff = kmalloc(bufflen, GFP_KERNEL);
608 		if (!buff) {
609 			sdev_printk(KERN_WARNING, sdev,
610 				    "%s: kmalloc buffer failed\n",__func__);
611 			/* Temporary failure, bypass */
612 			pg->expiry = 0;
613 			return SCSI_DH_DEV_TEMP_BUSY;
614 		}
615 		goto retry;
616 	}
617 
618 	orig_transition_tmo = pg->transition_tmo;
619 	if ((buff[4] & RTPG_FMT_MASK) == RTPG_FMT_EXT_HDR && buff[5] != 0)
620 		pg->transition_tmo = buff[5];
621 	else
622 		pg->transition_tmo = ALUA_FAILOVER_TIMEOUT;
623 
624 	if (orig_transition_tmo != pg->transition_tmo) {
625 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
626 			    "%s: transition timeout set to %d seconds\n",
627 			    ALUA_DH_NAME, pg->transition_tmo);
628 		pg->expiry = jiffies + pg->transition_tmo * HZ;
629 	}
630 
631 	if ((buff[4] & RTPG_FMT_MASK) == RTPG_FMT_EXT_HDR)
632 		tpg_desc_tbl_off = 8;
633 	else
634 		tpg_desc_tbl_off = 4;
635 
636 	for (k = tpg_desc_tbl_off, desc = buff + tpg_desc_tbl_off;
637 	     k < len;
638 	     k += off, desc += off) {
639 		u16 group_id = get_unaligned_be16(&desc[2]);
640 
641 		spin_lock_irqsave(&port_group_lock, flags);
642 		tmp_pg = alua_find_get_pg(pg->device_id_str, pg->device_id_len,
643 					  group_id);
644 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&port_group_lock, flags);
645 		if (tmp_pg) {
646 			if (spin_trylock_irqsave(&tmp_pg->lock, flags)) {
647 				if ((tmp_pg == pg) ||
648 				    !(tmp_pg->flags & ALUA_PG_RUNNING)) {
649 					struct alua_dh_data *h;
650 
651 					tmp_pg->state = desc[0] & 0x0f;
652 					tmp_pg->pref = desc[0] >> 7;
653 					rcu_read_lock();
654 					list_for_each_entry_rcu(h,
655 						&tmp_pg->dh_list, node) {
656 						/* h->sdev should always be valid */
657 						BUG_ON(!h->sdev);
658 						h->sdev->access_state = desc[0];
659 					}
660 					rcu_read_unlock();
661 				}
662 				if (tmp_pg == pg)
663 					valid_states = desc[1];
664 				spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tmp_pg->lock, flags);
665 			}
666 			kref_put(&tmp_pg->kref, release_port_group);
667 		}
668 		off = 8 + (desc[7] * 4);
669 	}
670 
671 	spin_lock_irqsave(&pg->lock, flags);
672 	sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
673 		    "%s: port group %02x state %c %s supports %c%c%c%c%c%c%c\n",
674 		    ALUA_DH_NAME, pg->group_id, print_alua_state(pg->state),
675 		    pg->pref ? "preferred" : "non-preferred",
676 		    valid_states&TPGS_SUPPORT_TRANSITION?'T':'t',
677 		    valid_states&TPGS_SUPPORT_OFFLINE?'O':'o',
678 		    valid_states&TPGS_SUPPORT_LBA_DEPENDENT?'L':'l',
679 		    valid_states&TPGS_SUPPORT_UNAVAILABLE?'U':'u',
680 		    valid_states&TPGS_SUPPORT_STANDBY?'S':'s',
681 		    valid_states&TPGS_SUPPORT_NONOPTIMIZED?'N':'n',
682 		    valid_states&TPGS_SUPPORT_OPTIMIZED?'A':'a');
683 
684 	switch (pg->state) {
685 	case SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_TRANSITIONING:
686 		if (time_before(jiffies, pg->expiry)) {
687 			/* State transition, retry */
688 			pg->interval = 2;
689 			err = SCSI_DH_RETRY;
690 		} else {
691 			struct alua_dh_data *h;
692 
693 			/* Transitioning time exceeded, set port to standby */
694 			err = SCSI_DH_IO;
695 			pg->state = SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_STANDBY;
696 			pg->expiry = 0;
697 			rcu_read_lock();
698 			list_for_each_entry_rcu(h, &pg->dh_list, node) {
699 				BUG_ON(!h->sdev);
700 				h->sdev->access_state =
701 					(pg->state & SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_MASK);
702 				if (pg->pref)
703 					h->sdev->access_state |=
704 						SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_PREFERRED;
705 			}
706 			rcu_read_unlock();
707 		}
708 		break;
709 	case SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_OFFLINE:
710 		/* Path unusable */
711 		err = SCSI_DH_DEV_OFFLINED;
712 		pg->expiry = 0;
713 		break;
714 	default:
715 		/* Useable path if active */
716 		err = SCSI_DH_OK;
717 		pg->expiry = 0;
718 		break;
719 	}
720 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pg->lock, flags);
721 	kfree(buff);
722 	return err;
723 }
724 
725 /*
726  * alua_stpg - Issue a SET TARGET PORT GROUP command
727  *
728  * Issue a SET TARGET PORT GROUP command and evaluate the
729  * response. Returns SCSI_DH_RETRY per default to trigger
730  * a re-evaluation of the target group state or SCSI_DH_OK
731  * if no further action needs to be taken.
732  */
733 static unsigned alua_stpg(struct scsi_device *sdev, struct alua_port_group *pg)
734 {
735 	int retval;
736 	struct scsi_sense_hdr sense_hdr;
737 
738 	if (!(pg->tpgs & TPGS_MODE_EXPLICIT)) {
739 		/* Only implicit ALUA supported, retry */
740 		return SCSI_DH_RETRY;
741 	}
742 	switch (pg->state) {
743 	case SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_OPTIMAL:
744 		return SCSI_DH_OK;
745 	case SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_ACTIVE:
746 		if ((pg->flags & ALUA_OPTIMIZE_STPG) &&
747 		    !pg->pref &&
748 		    (pg->tpgs & TPGS_MODE_IMPLICIT))
749 			return SCSI_DH_OK;
750 		break;
751 	case SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_STANDBY:
752 	case SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_UNAVAILABLE:
753 		break;
754 	case SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_OFFLINE:
755 		return SCSI_DH_IO;
756 	case SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_TRANSITIONING:
757 		break;
758 	default:
759 		sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
760 			    "%s: stpg failed, unhandled TPGS state %d",
761 			    ALUA_DH_NAME, pg->state);
762 		return SCSI_DH_NOSYS;
763 	}
764 	retval = submit_stpg(sdev, pg->group_id, &sense_hdr);
765 
766 	if (retval) {
767 		if (!scsi_sense_valid(&sense_hdr)) {
768 			sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev,
769 				    "%s: stpg failed, result %d",
770 				    ALUA_DH_NAME, retval);
771 			if (driver_byte(retval) == DRIVER_ERROR)
772 				return SCSI_DH_DEV_TEMP_BUSY;
773 		} else {
774 			sdev_printk(KERN_INFO, sdev, "%s: stpg failed\n",
775 				    ALUA_DH_NAME);
776 			scsi_print_sense_hdr(sdev, ALUA_DH_NAME, &sense_hdr);
777 		}
778 	}
779 	/* Retry RTPG */
780 	return SCSI_DH_RETRY;
781 }
782 
783 static void alua_rtpg_work(struct work_struct *work)
784 {
785 	struct alua_port_group *pg =
786 		container_of(work, struct alua_port_group, rtpg_work.work);
787 	struct scsi_device *sdev;
788 	LIST_HEAD(qdata_list);
789 	int err = SCSI_DH_OK;
790 	struct alua_queue_data *qdata, *tmp;
791 	unsigned long flags;
792 	struct workqueue_struct *alua_wq = kaluad_wq;
793 
794 	spin_lock_irqsave(&pg->lock, flags);
795 	sdev = pg->rtpg_sdev;
796 	if (!sdev) {
797 		WARN_ON(pg->flags & ALUA_PG_RUN_RTPG);
798 		WARN_ON(pg->flags & ALUA_PG_RUN_STPG);
799 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pg->lock, flags);
800 		kref_put(&pg->kref, release_port_group);
801 		return;
802 	}
803 	if (pg->flags & ALUA_SYNC_STPG)
804 		alua_wq = kaluad_sync_wq;
805 	pg->flags |= ALUA_PG_RUNNING;
806 	if (pg->flags & ALUA_PG_RUN_RTPG) {
807 		int state = pg->state;
808 
809 		pg->flags &= ~ALUA_PG_RUN_RTPG;
810 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pg->lock, flags);
811 		if (state == SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_TRANSITIONING) {
812 			if (alua_tur(sdev) == SCSI_DH_RETRY) {
813 				spin_lock_irqsave(&pg->lock, flags);
814 				pg->flags &= ~ALUA_PG_RUNNING;
815 				pg->flags |= ALUA_PG_RUN_RTPG;
816 				spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pg->lock, flags);
817 				queue_delayed_work(alua_wq, &pg->rtpg_work,
818 						   pg->interval * HZ);
819 				return;
820 			}
821 			/* Send RTPG on failure or if TUR indicates SUCCESS */
822 		}
823 		err = alua_rtpg(sdev, pg);
824 		spin_lock_irqsave(&pg->lock, flags);
825 		if (err == SCSI_DH_RETRY || pg->flags & ALUA_PG_RUN_RTPG) {
826 			pg->flags &= ~ALUA_PG_RUNNING;
827 			pg->flags |= ALUA_PG_RUN_RTPG;
828 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pg->lock, flags);
829 			queue_delayed_work(alua_wq, &pg->rtpg_work,
830 					   pg->interval * HZ);
831 			return;
832 		}
833 		if (err != SCSI_DH_OK)
834 			pg->flags &= ~ALUA_PG_RUN_STPG;
835 	}
836 	if (pg->flags & ALUA_PG_RUN_STPG) {
837 		pg->flags &= ~ALUA_PG_RUN_STPG;
838 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pg->lock, flags);
839 		err = alua_stpg(sdev, pg);
840 		spin_lock_irqsave(&pg->lock, flags);
841 		if (err == SCSI_DH_RETRY || pg->flags & ALUA_PG_RUN_RTPG) {
842 			pg->flags |= ALUA_PG_RUN_RTPG;
843 			pg->interval = 0;
844 			pg->flags &= ~ALUA_PG_RUNNING;
845 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pg->lock, flags);
846 			queue_delayed_work(alua_wq, &pg->rtpg_work,
847 					   pg->interval * HZ);
848 			return;
849 		}
850 	}
851 
852 	list_splice_init(&pg->rtpg_list, &qdata_list);
853 	pg->rtpg_sdev = NULL;
854 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pg->lock, flags);
855 
856 	list_for_each_entry_safe(qdata, tmp, &qdata_list, entry) {
857 		list_del(&qdata->entry);
858 		if (qdata->callback_fn)
859 			qdata->callback_fn(qdata->callback_data, err);
860 		kfree(qdata);
861 	}
862 	spin_lock_irqsave(&pg->lock, flags);
863 	pg->flags &= ~ALUA_PG_RUNNING;
864 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pg->lock, flags);
865 	scsi_device_put(sdev);
866 	kref_put(&pg->kref, release_port_group);
867 }
868 
869 static void alua_rtpg_queue(struct alua_port_group *pg,
870 			    struct scsi_device *sdev,
871 			    struct alua_queue_data *qdata, bool force)
872 {
873 	int start_queue = 0;
874 	unsigned long flags;
875 	struct workqueue_struct *alua_wq = kaluad_wq;
876 
877 	if (!pg)
878 		return;
879 
880 	spin_lock_irqsave(&pg->lock, flags);
881 	if (qdata) {
882 		list_add_tail(&qdata->entry, &pg->rtpg_list);
883 		pg->flags |= ALUA_PG_RUN_STPG;
884 		force = true;
885 	}
886 	if (pg->rtpg_sdev == NULL) {
887 		pg->interval = 0;
888 		pg->flags |= ALUA_PG_RUN_RTPG;
889 		kref_get(&pg->kref);
890 		pg->rtpg_sdev = sdev;
891 		scsi_device_get(sdev);
892 		start_queue = 1;
893 	} else if (!(pg->flags & ALUA_PG_RUN_RTPG) && force) {
894 		pg->flags |= ALUA_PG_RUN_RTPG;
895 		/* Do not queue if the worker is already running */
896 		if (!(pg->flags & ALUA_PG_RUNNING)) {
897 			kref_get(&pg->kref);
898 			sdev = NULL;
899 			start_queue = 1;
900 		}
901 	}
902 
903 	if (pg->flags & ALUA_SYNC_STPG)
904 		alua_wq = kaluad_sync_wq;
905 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pg->lock, flags);
906 
907 	if (start_queue &&
908 	    !queue_delayed_work(alua_wq, &pg->rtpg_work,
909 				msecs_to_jiffies(ALUA_RTPG_DELAY_MSECS))) {
910 		if (sdev)
911 			scsi_device_put(sdev);
912 		kref_put(&pg->kref, release_port_group);
913 	}
914 }
915 
916 /*
917  * alua_initialize - Initialize ALUA state
918  * @sdev: the device to be initialized
919  *
920  * For the prep_fn to work correctly we have
921  * to initialize the ALUA state for the device.
922  */
923 static int alua_initialize(struct scsi_device *sdev, struct alua_dh_data *h)
924 {
925 	int err = SCSI_DH_DEV_UNSUPP, tpgs;
926 
927 	mutex_lock(&h->init_mutex);
928 	tpgs = alua_check_tpgs(sdev);
929 	if (tpgs != TPGS_MODE_NONE)
930 		err = alua_check_vpd(sdev, h, tpgs);
931 	h->init_error = err;
932 	mutex_unlock(&h->init_mutex);
933 	return err;
934 }
935 /*
936  * alua_set_params - set/unset the optimize flag
937  * @sdev: device on the path to be activated
938  * params - parameters in the following format
939  *      "no_of_params\0param1\0param2\0param3\0...\0"
940  * For example, to set the flag pass the following parameters
941  * from multipath.conf
942  *     hardware_handler        "2 alua 1"
943  */
944 static int alua_set_params(struct scsi_device *sdev, const char *params)
945 {
946 	struct alua_dh_data *h = sdev->handler_data;
947 	struct alua_port_group *pg = NULL;
948 	unsigned int optimize = 0, argc;
949 	const char *p = params;
950 	int result = SCSI_DH_OK;
951 	unsigned long flags;
952 
953 	if ((sscanf(params, "%u", &argc) != 1) || (argc != 1))
954 		return -EINVAL;
955 
956 	while (*p++)
957 		;
958 	if ((sscanf(p, "%u", &optimize) != 1) || (optimize > 1))
959 		return -EINVAL;
960 
961 	rcu_read_lock();
962 	pg = rcu_dereference(h->pg);
963 	if (!pg) {
964 		rcu_read_unlock();
965 		return -ENXIO;
966 	}
967 	spin_lock_irqsave(&pg->lock, flags);
968 	if (optimize)
969 		pg->flags |= ALUA_OPTIMIZE_STPG;
970 	else
971 		pg->flags &= ~ALUA_OPTIMIZE_STPG;
972 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pg->lock, flags);
973 	rcu_read_unlock();
974 
975 	return result;
976 }
977 
978 /*
979  * alua_activate - activate a path
980  * @sdev: device on the path to be activated
981  *
982  * We're currently switching the port group to be activated only and
983  * let the array figure out the rest.
984  * There may be other arrays which require us to switch all port groups
985  * based on a certain policy. But until we actually encounter them it
986  * should be okay.
987  */
988 static int alua_activate(struct scsi_device *sdev,
989 			activate_complete fn, void *data)
990 {
991 	struct alua_dh_data *h = sdev->handler_data;
992 	int err = SCSI_DH_OK;
993 	struct alua_queue_data *qdata;
994 	struct alua_port_group *pg;
995 
996 	qdata = kzalloc(sizeof(*qdata), GFP_KERNEL);
997 	if (!qdata) {
998 		err = SCSI_DH_RES_TEMP_UNAVAIL;
999 		goto out;
1000 	}
1001 	qdata->callback_fn = fn;
1002 	qdata->callback_data = data;
1003 
1004 	mutex_lock(&h->init_mutex);
1005 	rcu_read_lock();
1006 	pg = rcu_dereference(h->pg);
1007 	if (!pg || !kref_get_unless_zero(&pg->kref)) {
1008 		rcu_read_unlock();
1009 		kfree(qdata);
1010 		err = h->init_error;
1011 		mutex_unlock(&h->init_mutex);
1012 		goto out;
1013 	}
1014 	fn = NULL;
1015 	rcu_read_unlock();
1016 	mutex_unlock(&h->init_mutex);
1017 
1018 	alua_rtpg_queue(pg, sdev, qdata, true);
1019 	kref_put(&pg->kref, release_port_group);
1020 out:
1021 	if (fn)
1022 		fn(data, err);
1023 	return 0;
1024 }
1025 
1026 /*
1027  * alua_check - check path status
1028  * @sdev: device on the path to be checked
1029  *
1030  * Check the device status
1031  */
1032 static void alua_check(struct scsi_device *sdev, bool force)
1033 {
1034 	struct alua_dh_data *h = sdev->handler_data;
1035 	struct alua_port_group *pg;
1036 
1037 	rcu_read_lock();
1038 	pg = rcu_dereference(h->pg);
1039 	if (!pg || !kref_get_unless_zero(&pg->kref)) {
1040 		rcu_read_unlock();
1041 		return;
1042 	}
1043 	rcu_read_unlock();
1044 
1045 	alua_rtpg_queue(pg, sdev, NULL, force);
1046 	kref_put(&pg->kref, release_port_group);
1047 }
1048 
1049 /*
1050  * alua_prep_fn - request callback
1051  *
1052  * Fail I/O to all paths not in state
1053  * active/optimized or active/non-optimized.
1054  */
1055 static int alua_prep_fn(struct scsi_device *sdev, struct request *req)
1056 {
1057 	struct alua_dh_data *h = sdev->handler_data;
1058 	struct alua_port_group *pg;
1059 	unsigned char state = SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_OPTIMAL;
1060 	int ret = BLKPREP_OK;
1061 
1062 	rcu_read_lock();
1063 	pg = rcu_dereference(h->pg);
1064 	if (pg)
1065 		state = pg->state;
1066 	rcu_read_unlock();
1067 	if (state == SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_TRANSITIONING)
1068 		ret = BLKPREP_DEFER;
1069 	else if (state != SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_OPTIMAL &&
1070 		 state != SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_ACTIVE &&
1071 		 state != SCSI_ACCESS_STATE_LBA) {
1072 		ret = BLKPREP_KILL;
1073 		req->rq_flags |= RQF_QUIET;
1074 	}
1075 	return ret;
1076 
1077 }
1078 
1079 static void alua_rescan(struct scsi_device *sdev)
1080 {
1081 	struct alua_dh_data *h = sdev->handler_data;
1082 
1083 	alua_initialize(sdev, h);
1084 }
1085 
1086 /*
1087  * alua_bus_attach - Attach device handler
1088  * @sdev: device to be attached to
1089  */
1090 static int alua_bus_attach(struct scsi_device *sdev)
1091 {
1092 	struct alua_dh_data *h;
1093 	int err, ret = -EINVAL;
1094 
1095 	h = kzalloc(sizeof(*h) , GFP_KERNEL);
1096 	if (!h)
1097 		return -ENOMEM;
1098 	spin_lock_init(&h->pg_lock);
1099 	rcu_assign_pointer(h->pg, NULL);
1100 	h->init_error = SCSI_DH_OK;
1101 	h->sdev = sdev;
1102 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&h->node);
1103 
1104 	mutex_init(&h->init_mutex);
1105 	err = alua_initialize(sdev, h);
1106 	if (err == SCSI_DH_NOMEM)
1107 		ret = -ENOMEM;
1108 	if (err != SCSI_DH_OK && err != SCSI_DH_DEV_OFFLINED)
1109 		goto failed;
1110 
1111 	sdev->handler_data = h;
1112 	return 0;
1113 failed:
1114 	kfree(h);
1115 	return ret;
1116 }
1117 
1118 /*
1119  * alua_bus_detach - Detach device handler
1120  * @sdev: device to be detached from
1121  */
1122 static void alua_bus_detach(struct scsi_device *sdev)
1123 {
1124 	struct alua_dh_data *h = sdev->handler_data;
1125 	struct alua_port_group *pg;
1126 
1127 	spin_lock(&h->pg_lock);
1128 	pg = rcu_dereference_protected(h->pg, lockdep_is_held(&h->pg_lock));
1129 	rcu_assign_pointer(h->pg, NULL);
1130 	h->sdev = NULL;
1131 	spin_unlock(&h->pg_lock);
1132 	if (pg) {
1133 		spin_lock_irq(&pg->lock);
1134 		list_del_rcu(&h->node);
1135 		spin_unlock_irq(&pg->lock);
1136 		kref_put(&pg->kref, release_port_group);
1137 	}
1138 	sdev->handler_data = NULL;
1139 	kfree(h);
1140 }
1141 
1142 static struct scsi_device_handler alua_dh = {
1143 	.name = ALUA_DH_NAME,
1144 	.module = THIS_MODULE,
1145 	.attach = alua_bus_attach,
1146 	.detach = alua_bus_detach,
1147 	.prep_fn = alua_prep_fn,
1148 	.check_sense = alua_check_sense,
1149 	.activate = alua_activate,
1150 	.rescan = alua_rescan,
1151 	.set_params = alua_set_params,
1152 };
1153 
1154 static int __init alua_init(void)
1155 {
1156 	int r;
1157 
1158 	kaluad_wq = alloc_workqueue("kaluad", WQ_MEM_RECLAIM, 0);
1159 	if (!kaluad_wq) {
1160 		/* Temporary failure, bypass */
1161 		return SCSI_DH_DEV_TEMP_BUSY;
1162 	}
1163 	kaluad_sync_wq = create_workqueue("kaluad_sync");
1164 	if (!kaluad_sync_wq) {
1165 		destroy_workqueue(kaluad_wq);
1166 		return SCSI_DH_DEV_TEMP_BUSY;
1167 	}
1168 	r = scsi_register_device_handler(&alua_dh);
1169 	if (r != 0) {
1170 		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: Failed to register scsi device handler",
1171 			ALUA_DH_NAME);
1172 		destroy_workqueue(kaluad_sync_wq);
1173 		destroy_workqueue(kaluad_wq);
1174 	}
1175 	return r;
1176 }
1177 
1178 static void __exit alua_exit(void)
1179 {
1180 	scsi_unregister_device_handler(&alua_dh);
1181 	destroy_workqueue(kaluad_sync_wq);
1182 	destroy_workqueue(kaluad_wq);
1183 }
1184 
1185 module_init(alua_init);
1186 module_exit(alua_exit);
1187 
1188 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("DM Multipath ALUA support");
1189 MODULE_AUTHOR("Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>");
1190 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
1191 MODULE_VERSION(ALUA_DH_VER);
1192