1 /* 2 * Copyright © 2009 - Maxim Levitsky 3 * SmartMedia/xD translation layer 4 * 5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 6 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as 7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. 8 */ 9 10 #include <linux/kernel.h> 11 #include <linux/module.h> 12 #include <linux/random.h> 13 #include <linux/hdreg.h> 14 #include <linux/kthread.h> 15 #include <linux/freezer.h> 16 #include <linux/sysfs.h> 17 #include <linux/bitops.h> 18 #include <linux/slab.h> 19 #include <linux/mtd/nand_ecc.h> 20 #include "nand/sm_common.h" 21 #include "sm_ftl.h" 22 23 24 25 static struct workqueue_struct *cache_flush_workqueue; 26 27 static int cache_timeout = 1000; 28 module_param(cache_timeout, int, S_IRUGO); 29 MODULE_PARM_DESC(cache_timeout, 30 "Timeout (in ms) for cache flush (1000 ms default"); 31 32 static int debug; 33 module_param(debug, int, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR); 34 MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug, "Debug level (0-2)"); 35 36 37 /* ------------------- sysfs attributes ---------------------------------- */ 38 struct sm_sysfs_attribute { 39 struct device_attribute dev_attr; 40 char *data; 41 int len; 42 }; 43 44 static ssize_t sm_attr_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, 45 char *buf) 46 { 47 struct sm_sysfs_attribute *sm_attr = 48 container_of(attr, struct sm_sysfs_attribute, dev_attr); 49 50 strncpy(buf, sm_attr->data, sm_attr->len); 51 return sm_attr->len; 52 } 53 54 55 #define NUM_ATTRIBUTES 1 56 #define SM_CIS_VENDOR_OFFSET 0x59 57 static struct attribute_group *sm_create_sysfs_attributes(struct sm_ftl *ftl) 58 { 59 struct attribute_group *attr_group; 60 struct attribute **attributes; 61 struct sm_sysfs_attribute *vendor_attribute; 62 char *vendor; 63 64 vendor = kstrndup(ftl->cis_buffer + SM_CIS_VENDOR_OFFSET, 65 SM_SMALL_PAGE - SM_CIS_VENDOR_OFFSET, GFP_KERNEL); 66 if (!vendor) 67 goto error1; 68 69 /* Initialize sysfs attributes */ 70 vendor_attribute = 71 kzalloc(sizeof(struct sm_sysfs_attribute), GFP_KERNEL); 72 if (!vendor_attribute) 73 goto error2; 74 75 sysfs_attr_init(&vendor_attribute->dev_attr.attr); 76 77 vendor_attribute->data = vendor; 78 vendor_attribute->len = strlen(vendor); 79 vendor_attribute->dev_attr.attr.name = "vendor"; 80 vendor_attribute->dev_attr.attr.mode = S_IRUGO; 81 vendor_attribute->dev_attr.show = sm_attr_show; 82 83 84 /* Create array of pointers to the attributes */ 85 attributes = kzalloc(sizeof(struct attribute *) * (NUM_ATTRIBUTES + 1), 86 GFP_KERNEL); 87 if (!attributes) 88 goto error3; 89 attributes[0] = &vendor_attribute->dev_attr.attr; 90 91 /* Finally create the attribute group */ 92 attr_group = kzalloc(sizeof(struct attribute_group), GFP_KERNEL); 93 if (!attr_group) 94 goto error4; 95 attr_group->attrs = attributes; 96 return attr_group; 97 error4: 98 kfree(attributes); 99 error3: 100 kfree(vendor_attribute); 101 error2: 102 kfree(vendor); 103 error1: 104 return NULL; 105 } 106 107 static void sm_delete_sysfs_attributes(struct sm_ftl *ftl) 108 { 109 struct attribute **attributes = ftl->disk_attributes->attrs; 110 int i; 111 112 for (i = 0; attributes[i] ; i++) { 113 114 struct device_attribute *dev_attr = container_of(attributes[i], 115 struct device_attribute, attr); 116 117 struct sm_sysfs_attribute *sm_attr = 118 container_of(dev_attr, 119 struct sm_sysfs_attribute, dev_attr); 120 121 kfree(sm_attr->data); 122 kfree(sm_attr); 123 } 124 125 kfree(ftl->disk_attributes->attrs); 126 kfree(ftl->disk_attributes); 127 } 128 129 130 /* ----------------------- oob helpers -------------------------------------- */ 131 132 static int sm_get_lba(uint8_t *lba) 133 { 134 /* check fixed bits */ 135 if ((lba[0] & 0xF8) != 0x10) 136 return -2; 137 138 /* check parity - endianness doesn't matter */ 139 if (hweight16(*(uint16_t *)lba) & 1) 140 return -2; 141 142 return (lba[1] >> 1) | ((lba[0] & 0x07) << 7); 143 } 144 145 146 /* 147 * Read LBA associated with block 148 * returns -1, if block is erased 149 * returns -2 if error happens 150 */ 151 static int sm_read_lba(struct sm_oob *oob) 152 { 153 static const uint32_t erased_pattern[4] = { 154 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF }; 155 156 uint16_t lba_test; 157 int lba; 158 159 /* First test for erased block */ 160 if (!memcmp(oob, erased_pattern, SM_OOB_SIZE)) 161 return -1; 162 163 /* Now check is both copies of the LBA differ too much */ 164 lba_test = *(uint16_t *)oob->lba_copy1 ^ *(uint16_t*)oob->lba_copy2; 165 if (lba_test && !is_power_of_2(lba_test)) 166 return -2; 167 168 /* And read it */ 169 lba = sm_get_lba(oob->lba_copy1); 170 171 if (lba == -2) 172 lba = sm_get_lba(oob->lba_copy2); 173 174 return lba; 175 } 176 177 static void sm_write_lba(struct sm_oob *oob, uint16_t lba) 178 { 179 uint8_t tmp[2]; 180 181 WARN_ON(lba >= 1000); 182 183 tmp[0] = 0x10 | ((lba >> 7) & 0x07); 184 tmp[1] = (lba << 1) & 0xFF; 185 186 if (hweight16(*(uint16_t *)tmp) & 0x01) 187 tmp[1] |= 1; 188 189 oob->lba_copy1[0] = oob->lba_copy2[0] = tmp[0]; 190 oob->lba_copy1[1] = oob->lba_copy2[1] = tmp[1]; 191 } 192 193 194 /* Make offset from parts */ 195 static loff_t sm_mkoffset(struct sm_ftl *ftl, int zone, int block, int boffset) 196 { 197 WARN_ON(boffset & (SM_SECTOR_SIZE - 1)); 198 WARN_ON(zone < 0 || zone >= ftl->zone_count); 199 WARN_ON(block >= ftl->zone_size); 200 WARN_ON(boffset >= ftl->block_size); 201 202 if (block == -1) 203 return -1; 204 205 return (zone * SM_MAX_ZONE_SIZE + block) * ftl->block_size + boffset; 206 } 207 208 /* Breaks offset into parts */ 209 static void sm_break_offset(struct sm_ftl *ftl, loff_t loffset, 210 int *zone, int *block, int *boffset) 211 { 212 u64 offset = loffset; 213 *boffset = do_div(offset, ftl->block_size); 214 *block = do_div(offset, ftl->max_lba); 215 *zone = offset >= ftl->zone_count ? -1 : offset; 216 } 217 218 /* ---------------------- low level IO ------------------------------------- */ 219 220 static int sm_correct_sector(uint8_t *buffer, struct sm_oob *oob) 221 { 222 uint8_t ecc[3]; 223 224 __nand_calculate_ecc(buffer, SM_SMALL_PAGE, ecc); 225 if (__nand_correct_data(buffer, ecc, oob->ecc1, SM_SMALL_PAGE) < 0) 226 return -EIO; 227 228 buffer += SM_SMALL_PAGE; 229 230 __nand_calculate_ecc(buffer, SM_SMALL_PAGE, ecc); 231 if (__nand_correct_data(buffer, ecc, oob->ecc2, SM_SMALL_PAGE) < 0) 232 return -EIO; 233 return 0; 234 } 235 236 /* Reads a sector + oob*/ 237 static int sm_read_sector(struct sm_ftl *ftl, 238 int zone, int block, int boffset, 239 uint8_t *buffer, struct sm_oob *oob) 240 { 241 struct mtd_info *mtd = ftl->trans->mtd; 242 struct mtd_oob_ops ops; 243 struct sm_oob tmp_oob; 244 int ret = -EIO; 245 int try = 0; 246 247 /* FTL can contain -1 entries that are by default filled with bits */ 248 if (block == -1) { 249 memset(buffer, 0xFF, SM_SECTOR_SIZE); 250 return 0; 251 } 252 253 /* User might not need the oob, but we do for data verification */ 254 if (!oob) 255 oob = &tmp_oob; 256 257 ops.mode = ftl->smallpagenand ? MTD_OPS_RAW : MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB; 258 ops.ooboffs = 0; 259 ops.ooblen = SM_OOB_SIZE; 260 ops.oobbuf = (void *)oob; 261 ops.len = SM_SECTOR_SIZE; 262 ops.datbuf = buffer; 263 264 again: 265 if (try++) { 266 /* Avoid infinite recursion on CIS reads, sm_recheck_media 267 won't help anyway */ 268 if (zone == 0 && block == ftl->cis_block && boffset == 269 ftl->cis_boffset) 270 return ret; 271 272 /* Test if media is stable */ 273 if (try == 3 || sm_recheck_media(ftl)) 274 return ret; 275 } 276 277 /* Unfortunately, oob read will _always_ succeed, 278 despite card removal..... */ 279 ret = mtd_read_oob(mtd, sm_mkoffset(ftl, zone, block, boffset), &ops); 280 281 /* Test for unknown errors */ 282 if (ret != 0 && !mtd_is_bitflip_or_eccerr(ret)) { 283 dbg("read of block %d at zone %d, failed due to error (%d)", 284 block, zone, ret); 285 goto again; 286 } 287 288 /* Do a basic test on the oob, to guard against returned garbage */ 289 if (oob->reserved != 0xFFFFFFFF && !is_power_of_2(~oob->reserved)) 290 goto again; 291 292 /* This should never happen, unless there is a bug in the mtd driver */ 293 WARN_ON(ops.oobretlen != SM_OOB_SIZE); 294 WARN_ON(buffer && ops.retlen != SM_SECTOR_SIZE); 295 296 if (!buffer) 297 return 0; 298 299 /* Test if sector marked as bad */ 300 if (!sm_sector_valid(oob)) { 301 dbg("read of block %d at zone %d, failed because it is marked" 302 " as bad" , block, zone); 303 goto again; 304 } 305 306 /* Test ECC*/ 307 if (mtd_is_eccerr(ret) || 308 (ftl->smallpagenand && sm_correct_sector(buffer, oob))) { 309 310 dbg("read of block %d at zone %d, failed due to ECC error", 311 block, zone); 312 goto again; 313 } 314 315 return 0; 316 } 317 318 /* Writes a sector to media */ 319 static int sm_write_sector(struct sm_ftl *ftl, 320 int zone, int block, int boffset, 321 uint8_t *buffer, struct sm_oob *oob) 322 { 323 struct mtd_oob_ops ops; 324 struct mtd_info *mtd = ftl->trans->mtd; 325 int ret; 326 327 BUG_ON(ftl->readonly); 328 329 if (zone == 0 && (block == ftl->cis_block || block == 0)) { 330 dbg("attempted to write the CIS!"); 331 return -EIO; 332 } 333 334 if (ftl->unstable) 335 return -EIO; 336 337 ops.mode = ftl->smallpagenand ? MTD_OPS_RAW : MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB; 338 ops.len = SM_SECTOR_SIZE; 339 ops.datbuf = buffer; 340 ops.ooboffs = 0; 341 ops.ooblen = SM_OOB_SIZE; 342 ops.oobbuf = (void *)oob; 343 344 ret = mtd_write_oob(mtd, sm_mkoffset(ftl, zone, block, boffset), &ops); 345 346 /* Now we assume that hardware will catch write bitflip errors */ 347 348 if (ret) { 349 dbg("write to block %d at zone %d, failed with error %d", 350 block, zone, ret); 351 352 sm_recheck_media(ftl); 353 return ret; 354 } 355 356 /* This should never happen, unless there is a bug in the driver */ 357 WARN_ON(ops.oobretlen != SM_OOB_SIZE); 358 WARN_ON(buffer && ops.retlen != SM_SECTOR_SIZE); 359 360 return 0; 361 } 362 363 /* ------------------------ block IO ------------------------------------- */ 364 365 /* Write a block using data and lba, and invalid sector bitmap */ 366 static int sm_write_block(struct sm_ftl *ftl, uint8_t *buf, 367 int zone, int block, int lba, 368 unsigned long invalid_bitmap) 369 { 370 struct sm_oob oob; 371 int boffset; 372 int retry = 0; 373 374 /* Initialize the oob with requested values */ 375 memset(&oob, 0xFF, SM_OOB_SIZE); 376 sm_write_lba(&oob, lba); 377 restart: 378 if (ftl->unstable) 379 return -EIO; 380 381 for (boffset = 0; boffset < ftl->block_size; 382 boffset += SM_SECTOR_SIZE) { 383 384 oob.data_status = 0xFF; 385 386 if (test_bit(boffset / SM_SECTOR_SIZE, &invalid_bitmap)) { 387 388 sm_printk("sector %d of block at LBA %d of zone %d" 389 " coudn't be read, marking it as invalid", 390 boffset / SM_SECTOR_SIZE, lba, zone); 391 392 oob.data_status = 0; 393 } 394 395 if (ftl->smallpagenand) { 396 __nand_calculate_ecc(buf + boffset, 397 SM_SMALL_PAGE, oob.ecc1); 398 399 __nand_calculate_ecc(buf + boffset + SM_SMALL_PAGE, 400 SM_SMALL_PAGE, oob.ecc2); 401 } 402 if (!sm_write_sector(ftl, zone, block, boffset, 403 buf + boffset, &oob)) 404 continue; 405 406 if (!retry) { 407 408 /* If write fails. try to erase the block */ 409 /* This is safe, because we never write in blocks 410 that contain valuable data. 411 This is intended to repair block that are marked 412 as erased, but that isn't fully erased*/ 413 414 if (sm_erase_block(ftl, zone, block, 0)) 415 return -EIO; 416 417 retry = 1; 418 goto restart; 419 } else { 420 sm_mark_block_bad(ftl, zone, block); 421 return -EIO; 422 } 423 } 424 return 0; 425 } 426 427 428 /* Mark whole block at offset 'offs' as bad. */ 429 static void sm_mark_block_bad(struct sm_ftl *ftl, int zone, int block) 430 { 431 struct sm_oob oob; 432 int boffset; 433 434 memset(&oob, 0xFF, SM_OOB_SIZE); 435 oob.block_status = 0xF0; 436 437 if (ftl->unstable) 438 return; 439 440 if (sm_recheck_media(ftl)) 441 return; 442 443 sm_printk("marking block %d of zone %d as bad", block, zone); 444 445 /* We aren't checking the return value, because we don't care */ 446 /* This also fails on fake xD cards, but I guess these won't expose 447 any bad blocks till fail completely */ 448 for (boffset = 0; boffset < ftl->block_size; boffset += SM_SECTOR_SIZE) 449 sm_write_sector(ftl, zone, block, boffset, NULL, &oob); 450 } 451 452 /* 453 * Erase a block within a zone 454 * If erase succeeds, it updates free block fifo, otherwise marks block as bad 455 */ 456 static int sm_erase_block(struct sm_ftl *ftl, int zone_num, uint16_t block, 457 int put_free) 458 { 459 struct ftl_zone *zone = &ftl->zones[zone_num]; 460 struct mtd_info *mtd = ftl->trans->mtd; 461 struct erase_info erase; 462 463 erase.mtd = mtd; 464 erase.callback = sm_erase_callback; 465 erase.addr = sm_mkoffset(ftl, zone_num, block, 0); 466 erase.len = ftl->block_size; 467 erase.priv = (u_long)ftl; 468 469 if (ftl->unstable) 470 return -EIO; 471 472 BUG_ON(ftl->readonly); 473 474 if (zone_num == 0 && (block == ftl->cis_block || block == 0)) { 475 sm_printk("attempted to erase the CIS!"); 476 return -EIO; 477 } 478 479 if (mtd_erase(mtd, &erase)) { 480 sm_printk("erase of block %d in zone %d failed", 481 block, zone_num); 482 goto error; 483 } 484 485 if (erase.state == MTD_ERASE_PENDING) 486 wait_for_completion(&ftl->erase_completion); 487 488 if (erase.state != MTD_ERASE_DONE) { 489 sm_printk("erase of block %d in zone %d failed after wait", 490 block, zone_num); 491 goto error; 492 } 493 494 if (put_free) 495 kfifo_in(&zone->free_sectors, 496 (const unsigned char *)&block, sizeof(block)); 497 498 return 0; 499 error: 500 sm_mark_block_bad(ftl, zone_num, block); 501 return -EIO; 502 } 503 504 static void sm_erase_callback(struct erase_info *self) 505 { 506 struct sm_ftl *ftl = (struct sm_ftl *)self->priv; 507 complete(&ftl->erase_completion); 508 } 509 510 /* Thoroughly test that block is valid. */ 511 static int sm_check_block(struct sm_ftl *ftl, int zone, int block) 512 { 513 int boffset; 514 struct sm_oob oob; 515 int lbas[] = { -3, 0, 0, 0 }; 516 int i = 0; 517 int test_lba; 518 519 520 /* First just check that block doesn't look fishy */ 521 /* Only blocks that are valid or are sliced in two parts, are 522 accepted */ 523 for (boffset = 0; boffset < ftl->block_size; 524 boffset += SM_SECTOR_SIZE) { 525 526 /* This shouldn't happen anyway */ 527 if (sm_read_sector(ftl, zone, block, boffset, NULL, &oob)) 528 return -2; 529 530 test_lba = sm_read_lba(&oob); 531 532 if (lbas[i] != test_lba) 533 lbas[++i] = test_lba; 534 535 /* If we found three different LBAs, something is fishy */ 536 if (i == 3) 537 return -EIO; 538 } 539 540 /* If the block is sliced (partially erased usually) erase it */ 541 if (i == 2) { 542 sm_erase_block(ftl, zone, block, 1); 543 return 1; 544 } 545 546 return 0; 547 } 548 549 /* ----------------- media scanning --------------------------------- */ 550 static const struct chs_entry chs_table[] = { 551 { 1, 125, 4, 4 }, 552 { 2, 125, 4, 8 }, 553 { 4, 250, 4, 8 }, 554 { 8, 250, 4, 16 }, 555 { 16, 500, 4, 16 }, 556 { 32, 500, 8, 16 }, 557 { 64, 500, 8, 32 }, 558 { 128, 500, 16, 32 }, 559 { 256, 1000, 16, 32 }, 560 { 512, 1015, 32, 63 }, 561 { 1024, 985, 33, 63 }, 562 { 2048, 985, 33, 63 }, 563 { 0 }, 564 }; 565 566 567 static const uint8_t cis_signature[] = { 568 0x01, 0x03, 0xD9, 0x01, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x02, 0xDF, 0x01, 0x20 569 }; 570 /* Find out media parameters. 571 * This ideally has to be based on nand id, but for now device size is enough */ 572 static int sm_get_media_info(struct sm_ftl *ftl, struct mtd_info *mtd) 573 { 574 int i; 575 int size_in_megs = mtd->size / (1024 * 1024); 576 577 ftl->readonly = mtd->type == MTD_ROM; 578 579 /* Manual settings for very old devices */ 580 ftl->zone_count = 1; 581 ftl->smallpagenand = 0; 582 583 switch (size_in_megs) { 584 case 1: 585 /* 1 MiB flash/rom SmartMedia card (256 byte pages)*/ 586 ftl->zone_size = 256; 587 ftl->max_lba = 250; 588 ftl->block_size = 8 * SM_SECTOR_SIZE; 589 ftl->smallpagenand = 1; 590 591 break; 592 case 2: 593 /* 2 MiB flash SmartMedia (256 byte pages)*/ 594 if (mtd->writesize == SM_SMALL_PAGE) { 595 ftl->zone_size = 512; 596 ftl->max_lba = 500; 597 ftl->block_size = 8 * SM_SECTOR_SIZE; 598 ftl->smallpagenand = 1; 599 /* 2 MiB rom SmartMedia */ 600 } else { 601 602 if (!ftl->readonly) 603 return -ENODEV; 604 605 ftl->zone_size = 256; 606 ftl->max_lba = 250; 607 ftl->block_size = 16 * SM_SECTOR_SIZE; 608 } 609 break; 610 case 4: 611 /* 4 MiB flash/rom SmartMedia device */ 612 ftl->zone_size = 512; 613 ftl->max_lba = 500; 614 ftl->block_size = 16 * SM_SECTOR_SIZE; 615 break; 616 case 8: 617 /* 8 MiB flash/rom SmartMedia device */ 618 ftl->zone_size = 1024; 619 ftl->max_lba = 1000; 620 ftl->block_size = 16 * SM_SECTOR_SIZE; 621 } 622 623 /* Minimum xD size is 16MiB. Also, all xD cards have standard zone 624 sizes. SmartMedia cards exist up to 128 MiB and have same layout*/ 625 if (size_in_megs >= 16) { 626 ftl->zone_count = size_in_megs / 16; 627 ftl->zone_size = 1024; 628 ftl->max_lba = 1000; 629 ftl->block_size = 32 * SM_SECTOR_SIZE; 630 } 631 632 /* Test for proper write,erase and oob sizes */ 633 if (mtd->erasesize > ftl->block_size) 634 return -ENODEV; 635 636 if (mtd->writesize > SM_SECTOR_SIZE) 637 return -ENODEV; 638 639 if (ftl->smallpagenand && mtd->oobsize < SM_SMALL_OOB_SIZE) 640 return -ENODEV; 641 642 if (!ftl->smallpagenand && mtd->oobsize < SM_OOB_SIZE) 643 return -ENODEV; 644 645 /* We use OOB */ 646 if (!mtd_has_oob(mtd)) 647 return -ENODEV; 648 649 /* Find geometry information */ 650 for (i = 0 ; i < ARRAY_SIZE(chs_table) ; i++) { 651 if (chs_table[i].size == size_in_megs) { 652 ftl->cylinders = chs_table[i].cyl; 653 ftl->heads = chs_table[i].head; 654 ftl->sectors = chs_table[i].sec; 655 return 0; 656 } 657 } 658 659 sm_printk("media has unknown size : %dMiB", size_in_megs); 660 ftl->cylinders = 985; 661 ftl->heads = 33; 662 ftl->sectors = 63; 663 return 0; 664 } 665 666 /* Validate the CIS */ 667 static int sm_read_cis(struct sm_ftl *ftl) 668 { 669 struct sm_oob oob; 670 671 if (sm_read_sector(ftl, 672 0, ftl->cis_block, ftl->cis_boffset, ftl->cis_buffer, &oob)) 673 return -EIO; 674 675 if (!sm_sector_valid(&oob) || !sm_block_valid(&oob)) 676 return -EIO; 677 678 if (!memcmp(ftl->cis_buffer + ftl->cis_page_offset, 679 cis_signature, sizeof(cis_signature))) { 680 return 0; 681 } 682 683 return -EIO; 684 } 685 686 /* Scan the media for the CIS */ 687 static int sm_find_cis(struct sm_ftl *ftl) 688 { 689 struct sm_oob oob; 690 int block, boffset; 691 int block_found = 0; 692 int cis_found = 0; 693 694 /* Search for first valid block */ 695 for (block = 0 ; block < ftl->zone_size - ftl->max_lba ; block++) { 696 697 if (sm_read_sector(ftl, 0, block, 0, NULL, &oob)) 698 continue; 699 700 if (!sm_block_valid(&oob)) 701 continue; 702 block_found = 1; 703 break; 704 } 705 706 if (!block_found) 707 return -EIO; 708 709 /* Search for first valid sector in this block */ 710 for (boffset = 0 ; boffset < ftl->block_size; 711 boffset += SM_SECTOR_SIZE) { 712 713 if (sm_read_sector(ftl, 0, block, boffset, NULL, &oob)) 714 continue; 715 716 if (!sm_sector_valid(&oob)) 717 continue; 718 break; 719 } 720 721 if (boffset == ftl->block_size) 722 return -EIO; 723 724 ftl->cis_block = block; 725 ftl->cis_boffset = boffset; 726 ftl->cis_page_offset = 0; 727 728 cis_found = !sm_read_cis(ftl); 729 730 if (!cis_found) { 731 ftl->cis_page_offset = SM_SMALL_PAGE; 732 cis_found = !sm_read_cis(ftl); 733 } 734 735 if (cis_found) { 736 dbg("CIS block found at offset %x", 737 block * ftl->block_size + 738 boffset + ftl->cis_page_offset); 739 return 0; 740 } 741 return -EIO; 742 } 743 744 /* Basic test to determine if underlying mtd device if functional */ 745 static int sm_recheck_media(struct sm_ftl *ftl) 746 { 747 if (sm_read_cis(ftl)) { 748 749 if (!ftl->unstable) { 750 sm_printk("media unstable, not allowing writes"); 751 ftl->unstable = 1; 752 } 753 return -EIO; 754 } 755 return 0; 756 } 757 758 /* Initialize a FTL zone */ 759 static int sm_init_zone(struct sm_ftl *ftl, int zone_num) 760 { 761 struct ftl_zone *zone = &ftl->zones[zone_num]; 762 struct sm_oob oob; 763 uint16_t block; 764 int lba; 765 int i = 0; 766 int len; 767 768 dbg("initializing zone %d", zone_num); 769 770 /* Allocate memory for FTL table */ 771 zone->lba_to_phys_table = kmalloc(ftl->max_lba * 2, GFP_KERNEL); 772 773 if (!zone->lba_to_phys_table) 774 return -ENOMEM; 775 memset(zone->lba_to_phys_table, -1, ftl->max_lba * 2); 776 777 778 /* Allocate memory for free sectors FIFO */ 779 if (kfifo_alloc(&zone->free_sectors, ftl->zone_size * 2, GFP_KERNEL)) { 780 kfree(zone->lba_to_phys_table); 781 return -ENOMEM; 782 } 783 784 /* Now scan the zone */ 785 for (block = 0 ; block < ftl->zone_size ; block++) { 786 787 /* Skip blocks till the CIS (including) */ 788 if (zone_num == 0 && block <= ftl->cis_block) 789 continue; 790 791 /* Read the oob of first sector */ 792 if (sm_read_sector(ftl, zone_num, block, 0, NULL, &oob)) 793 return -EIO; 794 795 /* Test to see if block is erased. It is enough to test 796 first sector, because erase happens in one shot */ 797 if (sm_block_erased(&oob)) { 798 kfifo_in(&zone->free_sectors, 799 (unsigned char *)&block, 2); 800 continue; 801 } 802 803 /* If block is marked as bad, skip it */ 804 /* This assumes we can trust first sector*/ 805 /* However the way the block valid status is defined, ensures 806 very low probability of failure here */ 807 if (!sm_block_valid(&oob)) { 808 dbg("PH %04d <-> <marked bad>", block); 809 continue; 810 } 811 812 813 lba = sm_read_lba(&oob); 814 815 /* Invalid LBA means that block is damaged. */ 816 /* We can try to erase it, or mark it as bad, but 817 lets leave that to recovery application */ 818 if (lba == -2 || lba >= ftl->max_lba) { 819 dbg("PH %04d <-> LBA %04d(bad)", block, lba); 820 continue; 821 } 822 823 824 /* If there is no collision, 825 just put the sector in the FTL table */ 826 if (zone->lba_to_phys_table[lba] < 0) { 827 dbg_verbose("PH %04d <-> LBA %04d", block, lba); 828 zone->lba_to_phys_table[lba] = block; 829 continue; 830 } 831 832 sm_printk("collision" 833 " of LBA %d between blocks %d and %d in zone %d", 834 lba, zone->lba_to_phys_table[lba], block, zone_num); 835 836 /* Test that this block is valid*/ 837 if (sm_check_block(ftl, zone_num, block)) 838 continue; 839 840 /* Test now the old block */ 841 if (sm_check_block(ftl, zone_num, 842 zone->lba_to_phys_table[lba])) { 843 zone->lba_to_phys_table[lba] = block; 844 continue; 845 } 846 847 /* If both blocks are valid and share same LBA, it means that 848 they hold different versions of same data. It not 849 known which is more recent, thus just erase one of them 850 */ 851 sm_printk("both blocks are valid, erasing the later"); 852 sm_erase_block(ftl, zone_num, block, 1); 853 } 854 855 dbg("zone initialized"); 856 zone->initialized = 1; 857 858 /* No free sectors, means that the zone is heavily damaged, write won't 859 work, but it can still can be (partially) read */ 860 if (!kfifo_len(&zone->free_sectors)) { 861 sm_printk("no free blocks in zone %d", zone_num); 862 return 0; 863 } 864 865 /* Randomize first block we write to */ 866 get_random_bytes(&i, 2); 867 i %= (kfifo_len(&zone->free_sectors) / 2); 868 869 while (i--) { 870 len = kfifo_out(&zone->free_sectors, 871 (unsigned char *)&block, 2); 872 WARN_ON(len != 2); 873 kfifo_in(&zone->free_sectors, (const unsigned char *)&block, 2); 874 } 875 return 0; 876 } 877 878 /* Get and automatically initialize an FTL mapping for one zone */ 879 static struct ftl_zone *sm_get_zone(struct sm_ftl *ftl, int zone_num) 880 { 881 struct ftl_zone *zone; 882 int error; 883 884 BUG_ON(zone_num >= ftl->zone_count); 885 zone = &ftl->zones[zone_num]; 886 887 if (!zone->initialized) { 888 error = sm_init_zone(ftl, zone_num); 889 890 if (error) 891 return ERR_PTR(error); 892 } 893 return zone; 894 } 895 896 897 /* ----------------- cache handling ------------------------------------------*/ 898 899 /* Initialize the one block cache */ 900 static void sm_cache_init(struct sm_ftl *ftl) 901 { 902 ftl->cache_data_invalid_bitmap = 0xFFFFFFFF; 903 ftl->cache_clean = 1; 904 ftl->cache_zone = -1; 905 ftl->cache_block = -1; 906 /*memset(ftl->cache_data, 0xAA, ftl->block_size);*/ 907 } 908 909 /* Put sector in one block cache */ 910 static void sm_cache_put(struct sm_ftl *ftl, char *buffer, int boffset) 911 { 912 memcpy(ftl->cache_data + boffset, buffer, SM_SECTOR_SIZE); 913 clear_bit(boffset / SM_SECTOR_SIZE, &ftl->cache_data_invalid_bitmap); 914 ftl->cache_clean = 0; 915 } 916 917 /* Read a sector from the cache */ 918 static int sm_cache_get(struct sm_ftl *ftl, char *buffer, int boffset) 919 { 920 if (test_bit(boffset / SM_SECTOR_SIZE, 921 &ftl->cache_data_invalid_bitmap)) 922 return -1; 923 924 memcpy(buffer, ftl->cache_data + boffset, SM_SECTOR_SIZE); 925 return 0; 926 } 927 928 /* Write the cache to hardware */ 929 static int sm_cache_flush(struct sm_ftl *ftl) 930 { 931 struct ftl_zone *zone; 932 933 int sector_num; 934 uint16_t write_sector; 935 int zone_num = ftl->cache_zone; 936 int block_num; 937 938 if (ftl->cache_clean) 939 return 0; 940 941 if (ftl->unstable) 942 return -EIO; 943 944 BUG_ON(zone_num < 0); 945 zone = &ftl->zones[zone_num]; 946 block_num = zone->lba_to_phys_table[ftl->cache_block]; 947 948 949 /* Try to read all unread areas of the cache block*/ 950 for_each_set_bit(sector_num, &ftl->cache_data_invalid_bitmap, 951 ftl->block_size / SM_SECTOR_SIZE) { 952 953 if (!sm_read_sector(ftl, 954 zone_num, block_num, sector_num * SM_SECTOR_SIZE, 955 ftl->cache_data + sector_num * SM_SECTOR_SIZE, NULL)) 956 clear_bit(sector_num, 957 &ftl->cache_data_invalid_bitmap); 958 } 959 restart: 960 961 if (ftl->unstable) 962 return -EIO; 963 964 /* If there are no spare blocks, */ 965 /* we could still continue by erasing/writing the current block, 966 but for such worn out media it doesn't worth the trouble, 967 and the dangers */ 968 if (kfifo_out(&zone->free_sectors, 969 (unsigned char *)&write_sector, 2) != 2) { 970 dbg("no free sectors for write!"); 971 return -EIO; 972 } 973 974 975 if (sm_write_block(ftl, ftl->cache_data, zone_num, write_sector, 976 ftl->cache_block, ftl->cache_data_invalid_bitmap)) 977 goto restart; 978 979 /* Update the FTL table */ 980 zone->lba_to_phys_table[ftl->cache_block] = write_sector; 981 982 /* Write succesfull, so erase and free the old block */ 983 if (block_num > 0) 984 sm_erase_block(ftl, zone_num, block_num, 1); 985 986 sm_cache_init(ftl); 987 return 0; 988 } 989 990 991 /* flush timer, runs a second after last write */ 992 static void sm_cache_flush_timer(unsigned long data) 993 { 994 struct sm_ftl *ftl = (struct sm_ftl *)data; 995 queue_work(cache_flush_workqueue, &ftl->flush_work); 996 } 997 998 /* cache flush work, kicked by timer */ 999 static void sm_cache_flush_work(struct work_struct *work) 1000 { 1001 struct sm_ftl *ftl = container_of(work, struct sm_ftl, flush_work); 1002 mutex_lock(&ftl->mutex); 1003 sm_cache_flush(ftl); 1004 mutex_unlock(&ftl->mutex); 1005 return; 1006 } 1007 1008 /* ---------------- outside interface -------------------------------------- */ 1009 1010 /* outside interface: read a sector */ 1011 static int sm_read(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev, 1012 unsigned long sect_no, char *buf) 1013 { 1014 struct sm_ftl *ftl = dev->priv; 1015 struct ftl_zone *zone; 1016 int error = 0, in_cache = 0; 1017 int zone_num, block, boffset; 1018 1019 sm_break_offset(ftl, sect_no << 9, &zone_num, &block, &boffset); 1020 mutex_lock(&ftl->mutex); 1021 1022 1023 zone = sm_get_zone(ftl, zone_num); 1024 if (IS_ERR(zone)) { 1025 error = PTR_ERR(zone); 1026 goto unlock; 1027 } 1028 1029 /* Have to look at cache first */ 1030 if (ftl->cache_zone == zone_num && ftl->cache_block == block) { 1031 in_cache = 1; 1032 if (!sm_cache_get(ftl, buf, boffset)) 1033 goto unlock; 1034 } 1035 1036 /* Translate the block and return if doesn't exist in the table */ 1037 block = zone->lba_to_phys_table[block]; 1038 1039 if (block == -1) { 1040 memset(buf, 0xFF, SM_SECTOR_SIZE); 1041 goto unlock; 1042 } 1043 1044 if (sm_read_sector(ftl, zone_num, block, boffset, buf, NULL)) { 1045 error = -EIO; 1046 goto unlock; 1047 } 1048 1049 if (in_cache) 1050 sm_cache_put(ftl, buf, boffset); 1051 unlock: 1052 mutex_unlock(&ftl->mutex); 1053 return error; 1054 } 1055 1056 /* outside interface: write a sector */ 1057 static int sm_write(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev, 1058 unsigned long sec_no, char *buf) 1059 { 1060 struct sm_ftl *ftl = dev->priv; 1061 struct ftl_zone *zone; 1062 int error = 0, zone_num, block, boffset; 1063 1064 BUG_ON(ftl->readonly); 1065 sm_break_offset(ftl, sec_no << 9, &zone_num, &block, &boffset); 1066 1067 /* No need in flush thread running now */ 1068 del_timer(&ftl->timer); 1069 mutex_lock(&ftl->mutex); 1070 1071 zone = sm_get_zone(ftl, zone_num); 1072 if (IS_ERR(zone)) { 1073 error = PTR_ERR(zone); 1074 goto unlock; 1075 } 1076 1077 /* If entry is not in cache, flush it */ 1078 if (ftl->cache_block != block || ftl->cache_zone != zone_num) { 1079 1080 error = sm_cache_flush(ftl); 1081 if (error) 1082 goto unlock; 1083 1084 ftl->cache_block = block; 1085 ftl->cache_zone = zone_num; 1086 } 1087 1088 sm_cache_put(ftl, buf, boffset); 1089 unlock: 1090 mod_timer(&ftl->timer, jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(cache_timeout)); 1091 mutex_unlock(&ftl->mutex); 1092 return error; 1093 } 1094 1095 /* outside interface: flush everything */ 1096 static int sm_flush(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev) 1097 { 1098 struct sm_ftl *ftl = dev->priv; 1099 int retval; 1100 1101 mutex_lock(&ftl->mutex); 1102 retval = sm_cache_flush(ftl); 1103 mutex_unlock(&ftl->mutex); 1104 return retval; 1105 } 1106 1107 /* outside interface: device is released */ 1108 static void sm_release(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev) 1109 { 1110 struct sm_ftl *ftl = dev->priv; 1111 1112 mutex_lock(&ftl->mutex); 1113 del_timer_sync(&ftl->timer); 1114 cancel_work_sync(&ftl->flush_work); 1115 sm_cache_flush(ftl); 1116 mutex_unlock(&ftl->mutex); 1117 } 1118 1119 /* outside interface: get geometry */ 1120 static int sm_getgeo(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev, struct hd_geometry *geo) 1121 { 1122 struct sm_ftl *ftl = dev->priv; 1123 geo->heads = ftl->heads; 1124 geo->sectors = ftl->sectors; 1125 geo->cylinders = ftl->cylinders; 1126 return 0; 1127 } 1128 1129 /* external interface: main initialization function */ 1130 static void sm_add_mtd(struct mtd_blktrans_ops *tr, struct mtd_info *mtd) 1131 { 1132 struct mtd_blktrans_dev *trans; 1133 struct sm_ftl *ftl; 1134 1135 /* Allocate & initialize our private structure */ 1136 ftl = kzalloc(sizeof(struct sm_ftl), GFP_KERNEL); 1137 if (!ftl) 1138 goto error1; 1139 1140 1141 mutex_init(&ftl->mutex); 1142 setup_timer(&ftl->timer, sm_cache_flush_timer, (unsigned long)ftl); 1143 INIT_WORK(&ftl->flush_work, sm_cache_flush_work); 1144 init_completion(&ftl->erase_completion); 1145 1146 /* Read media information */ 1147 if (sm_get_media_info(ftl, mtd)) { 1148 dbg("found unsupported mtd device, aborting"); 1149 goto error2; 1150 } 1151 1152 1153 /* Allocate temporary CIS buffer for read retry support */ 1154 ftl->cis_buffer = kzalloc(SM_SECTOR_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL); 1155 if (!ftl->cis_buffer) 1156 goto error2; 1157 1158 /* Allocate zone array, it will be initialized on demand */ 1159 ftl->zones = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ftl_zone) * ftl->zone_count, 1160 GFP_KERNEL); 1161 if (!ftl->zones) 1162 goto error3; 1163 1164 /* Allocate the cache*/ 1165 ftl->cache_data = kzalloc(ftl->block_size, GFP_KERNEL); 1166 1167 if (!ftl->cache_data) 1168 goto error4; 1169 1170 sm_cache_init(ftl); 1171 1172 1173 /* Allocate upper layer structure and initialize it */ 1174 trans = kzalloc(sizeof(struct mtd_blktrans_dev), GFP_KERNEL); 1175 if (!trans) 1176 goto error5; 1177 1178 ftl->trans = trans; 1179 trans->priv = ftl; 1180 1181 trans->tr = tr; 1182 trans->mtd = mtd; 1183 trans->devnum = -1; 1184 trans->size = (ftl->block_size * ftl->max_lba * ftl->zone_count) >> 9; 1185 trans->readonly = ftl->readonly; 1186 1187 if (sm_find_cis(ftl)) { 1188 dbg("CIS not found on mtd device, aborting"); 1189 goto error6; 1190 } 1191 1192 ftl->disk_attributes = sm_create_sysfs_attributes(ftl); 1193 if (!ftl->disk_attributes) 1194 goto error6; 1195 trans->disk_attributes = ftl->disk_attributes; 1196 1197 sm_printk("Found %d MiB xD/SmartMedia FTL on mtd%d", 1198 (int)(mtd->size / (1024 * 1024)), mtd->index); 1199 1200 dbg("FTL layout:"); 1201 dbg("%d zone(s), each consists of %d blocks (+%d spares)", 1202 ftl->zone_count, ftl->max_lba, 1203 ftl->zone_size - ftl->max_lba); 1204 dbg("each block consists of %d bytes", 1205 ftl->block_size); 1206 1207 1208 /* Register device*/ 1209 if (add_mtd_blktrans_dev(trans)) { 1210 dbg("error in mtdblktrans layer"); 1211 goto error6; 1212 } 1213 return; 1214 error6: 1215 kfree(trans); 1216 error5: 1217 kfree(ftl->cache_data); 1218 error4: 1219 kfree(ftl->zones); 1220 error3: 1221 kfree(ftl->cis_buffer); 1222 error2: 1223 kfree(ftl); 1224 error1: 1225 return; 1226 } 1227 1228 /* main interface: device {surprise,} removal */ 1229 static void sm_remove_dev(struct mtd_blktrans_dev *dev) 1230 { 1231 struct sm_ftl *ftl = dev->priv; 1232 int i; 1233 1234 del_mtd_blktrans_dev(dev); 1235 ftl->trans = NULL; 1236 1237 for (i = 0 ; i < ftl->zone_count; i++) { 1238 1239 if (!ftl->zones[i].initialized) 1240 continue; 1241 1242 kfree(ftl->zones[i].lba_to_phys_table); 1243 kfifo_free(&ftl->zones[i].free_sectors); 1244 } 1245 1246 sm_delete_sysfs_attributes(ftl); 1247 kfree(ftl->cis_buffer); 1248 kfree(ftl->zones); 1249 kfree(ftl->cache_data); 1250 kfree(ftl); 1251 } 1252 1253 static struct mtd_blktrans_ops sm_ftl_ops = { 1254 .name = "smblk", 1255 .major = 0, 1256 .part_bits = SM_FTL_PARTN_BITS, 1257 .blksize = SM_SECTOR_SIZE, 1258 .getgeo = sm_getgeo, 1259 1260 .add_mtd = sm_add_mtd, 1261 .remove_dev = sm_remove_dev, 1262 1263 .readsect = sm_read, 1264 .writesect = sm_write, 1265 1266 .flush = sm_flush, 1267 .release = sm_release, 1268 1269 .owner = THIS_MODULE, 1270 }; 1271 1272 static __init int sm_module_init(void) 1273 { 1274 int error = 0; 1275 1276 cache_flush_workqueue = create_freezable_workqueue("smflush"); 1277 if (!cache_flush_workqueue) 1278 return -ENOMEM; 1279 1280 error = register_mtd_blktrans(&sm_ftl_ops); 1281 if (error) 1282 destroy_workqueue(cache_flush_workqueue); 1283 return error; 1284 1285 } 1286 1287 static void __exit sm_module_exit(void) 1288 { 1289 destroy_workqueue(cache_flush_workqueue); 1290 deregister_mtd_blktrans(&sm_ftl_ops); 1291 } 1292 1293 module_init(sm_module_init); 1294 module_exit(sm_module_exit); 1295 1296 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); 1297 MODULE_AUTHOR("Maxim Levitsky <maximlevitsky@gmail.com>"); 1298 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Smartmedia/xD mtd translation layer"); 1299