drivers/md/dm-cache-metadata.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2012 Red Hat, Inc.
 *
 * This file is released under the GPL.
 */

#include "dm-cache-metadata.h"

#include "persistent-data/dm-array.h"
#include "persistent-data/dm-bitset.h"
#include "persistent-data/dm-space-map.h"
#include "persistent-data/dm-space-map-disk.h"
#include "persistent-data/dm-transaction-manager.h"

#include <linux/device-mapper.h>
#include <linux/refcount.h>

/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define DM_MSG_PREFIX   "cache metadata"

#define CACHE_SUPERBLOCK_MAGIC 06142003
#define CACHE_SUPERBLOCK_LOCATION 0

/*
 * defines a range of metadata versions that this module can handle.
 */
#define MIN_CACHE_VERSION 1
#define MAX_CACHE_VERSION 2

/*
 *  3 for btree insert +
 *  2 for btree lookup used within space map
 */
#define CACHE_MAX_CONCURRENT_LOCKS 5
#define SPACE_MAP_ROOT_SIZE 128

enum superblock_flag_bits {
	/* for spotting crashes that would invalidate the dirty bitset */
	CLEAN_SHUTDOWN,
	/* metadata must be checked using the tools */
	NEEDS_CHECK,
};

/*
 * Each mapping from cache block -> origin block carries a set of flags.
 */
enum mapping_bits {
	/*
	 * A valid mapping.  Because we're using an array we clear this
	 * flag for an non existant mapping.
	 */
	M_VALID = 1,

	/*
	 * The data on the cache is different from that on the origin.
	 * This flag is only used by metadata format 1.
	 */
	M_DIRTY = 2
};

struct cache_disk_superblock {
	__le32 csum;
	__le32 flags;
	__le64 blocknr;

	__u8 uuid[16];
	__le64 magic;
	__le32 version;

	__u8 policy_name[CACHE_POLICY_NAME_SIZE];
	__le32 policy_hint_size;

	__u8 metadata_space_map_root[SPACE_MAP_ROOT_SIZE];
	__le64 mapping_root;
	__le64 hint_root;

	__le64 discard_root;
	__le64 discard_block_size;
	__le64 discard_nr_blocks;

	__le32 data_block_size;
	__le32 metadata_block_size;
	__le32 cache_blocks;

	__le32 compat_flags;
	__le32 compat_ro_flags;
	__le32 incompat_flags;

	__le32 read_hits;
	__le32 read_misses;
	__le32 write_hits;
	__le32 write_misses;

	__le32 policy_version[CACHE_POLICY_VERSION_SIZE];

	/*
	 * Metadata format 2 fields.
	 */
	__le64 dirty_root;
} __packed;

struct dm_cache_metadata {
	refcount_t ref_count;
	struct list_head list;

	unsigned int version;
	struct block_device *bdev;
	struct dm_block_manager *bm;
	struct dm_space_map *metadata_sm;
	struct dm_transaction_manager *tm;

	struct dm_array_info info;
	struct dm_array_info hint_info;
	struct dm_disk_bitset discard_info;

	struct rw_semaphore root_lock;
	unsigned long flags;
	dm_block_t root;
	dm_block_t hint_root;
	dm_block_t discard_root;

	sector_t discard_block_size;
	dm_dblock_t discard_nr_blocks;

	sector_t data_block_size;
	dm_cblock_t cache_blocks;
	bool changed:1;
	bool clean_when_opened:1;

	char policy_name[CACHE_POLICY_NAME_SIZE];
	unsigned int policy_version[CACHE_POLICY_VERSION_SIZE];
	size_t policy_hint_size;
	struct dm_cache_statistics stats;

	/*
	 * Reading the space map root can fail, so we read it into this
	 * buffer before the superblock is locked and updated.
	 */
	__u8 metadata_space_map_root[SPACE_MAP_ROOT_SIZE];

	/*
	 * Set if a transaction has to be aborted but the attempt to roll
	 * back to the previous (good) transaction failed.  The only
	 * metadata operation permissible in this state is the closing of
	 * the device.
	 */
	bool fail_io:1;

	/*
	 * Metadata format 2 fields.
	 */
	dm_block_t dirty_root;
	struct dm_disk_bitset dirty_info;

	/*
	 * These structures are used when loading metadata.  They're too
	 * big to put on the stack.
	 */
	struct dm_array_cursor mapping_cursor;
	struct dm_array_cursor hint_cursor;
	struct dm_bitset_cursor dirty_cursor;
};

/*
 *-----------------------------------------------------------------
 * superblock validator
 *-----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#define SUPERBLOCK_CSUM_XOR 9031977

static void sb_prepare_for_write(struct dm_block_validator *v,
				 struct dm_block *b,
				 size_t sb_block_size)
{
	struct cache_disk_superblock *disk_super = dm_block_data(b);

	disk_super->blocknr = cpu_to_le64(dm_block_location(b));
	disk_super->csum = cpu_to_le32(dm_bm_checksum(&disk_super->flags,
						      sb_block_size - sizeof(__le32),
						      SUPERBLOCK_CSUM_XOR));
}

static int check_metadata_version(struct cache_disk_superblock *disk_super)
{
	uint32_t metadata_version = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->version);

	if (metadata_version < MIN_CACHE_VERSION || metadata_version > MAX_CACHE_VERSION) {
		DMERR("Cache metadata version %u found, but only versions between %u and %u supported.",
		      metadata_version, MIN_CACHE_VERSION, MAX_CACHE_VERSION);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int sb_check(struct dm_block_validator *v,
		    struct dm_block *b,
		    size_t sb_block_size)
{
	struct cache_disk_superblock *disk_super = dm_block_data(b);
	__le32 csum_le;

	if (dm_block_location(b) != le64_to_cpu(disk_super->blocknr)) {
		DMERR("%s failed: blocknr %llu: wanted %llu",
		      __func__, le64_to_cpu(disk_super->blocknr),
		      (unsigned long long)dm_block_location(b));
		return -ENOTBLK;
	}

	if (le64_to_cpu(disk_super->magic) != CACHE_SUPERBLOCK_MAGIC) {
		DMERR("%s failed: magic %llu: wanted %llu",
		      __func__, le64_to_cpu(disk_super->magic),
		      (unsigned long long)CACHE_SUPERBLOCK_MAGIC);
		return -EILSEQ;
	}

	csum_le = cpu_to_le32(dm_bm_checksum(&disk_super->flags,
					     sb_block_size - sizeof(__le32),
					     SUPERBLOCK_CSUM_XOR));
	if (csum_le != disk_super->csum) {
		DMERR("%s failed: csum %u: wanted %u",
		      __func__, le32_to_cpu(csum_le), le32_to_cpu(disk_super->csum));
		return -EILSEQ;
	}

	return check_metadata_version(disk_super);
}

static struct dm_block_validator sb_validator = {
	.name = "superblock",
	.prepare_for_write = sb_prepare_for_write,
	.check = sb_check
};

/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/

static int superblock_read_lock(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
				struct dm_block **sblock)
{
	return dm_bm_read_lock(cmd->bm, CACHE_SUPERBLOCK_LOCATION,
			       &sb_validator, sblock);
}

static int superblock_lock_zero(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
				struct dm_block **sblock)
{
	return dm_bm_write_lock_zero(cmd->bm, CACHE_SUPERBLOCK_LOCATION,
				     &sb_validator, sblock);
}

static int superblock_lock(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
			   struct dm_block **sblock)
{
	return dm_bm_write_lock(cmd->bm, CACHE_SUPERBLOCK_LOCATION,
				&sb_validator, sblock);
}

/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/

static int __superblock_all_zeroes(struct dm_block_manager *bm, bool *result)
{
	int r;
	unsigned int i;
	struct dm_block *b;
	__le64 *data_le, zero = cpu_to_le64(0);
	unsigned int sb_block_size = dm_bm_block_size(bm) / sizeof(__le64);

	/*
	 * We can't use a validator here - it may be all zeroes.
	 */
	r = dm_bm_read_lock(bm, CACHE_SUPERBLOCK_LOCATION, NULL, &b);
	if (r)
		return r;

	data_le = dm_block_data(b);
	*result = true;
	for (i = 0; i < sb_block_size; i++) {
		if (data_le[i] != zero) {
			*result = false;
			break;
		}
	}

	dm_bm_unlock(b);

	return 0;
}

static void __setup_mapping_info(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	struct dm_btree_value_type vt;

	vt.context = NULL;
	vt.size = sizeof(__le64);
	vt.inc = NULL;
	vt.dec = NULL;
	vt.equal = NULL;
	dm_array_info_init(&cmd->info, cmd->tm, &vt);

	if (cmd->policy_hint_size) {
		vt.size = sizeof(__le32);
		dm_array_info_init(&cmd->hint_info, cmd->tm, &vt);
	}
}

static int __save_sm_root(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	int r;
	size_t metadata_len;

	r = dm_sm_root_size(cmd->metadata_sm, &metadata_len);
	if (r < 0)
		return r;

	return dm_sm_copy_root(cmd->metadata_sm, &cmd->metadata_space_map_root,
			       metadata_len);
}

static void __copy_sm_root(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
			   struct cache_disk_superblock *disk_super)
{
	memcpy(&disk_super->metadata_space_map_root,
	       &cmd->metadata_space_map_root,
	       sizeof(cmd->metadata_space_map_root));
}

static bool separate_dirty_bits(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	return cmd->version >= 2;
}

static int __write_initial_superblock(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	int r;
	struct dm_block *sblock;
	struct cache_disk_superblock *disk_super;
	sector_t bdev_size = bdev_nr_sectors(cmd->bdev);

	/* FIXME: see if we can lose the max sectors limit */
	if (bdev_size > DM_CACHE_METADATA_MAX_SECTORS)
		bdev_size = DM_CACHE_METADATA_MAX_SECTORS;

	r = dm_tm_pre_commit(cmd->tm);
	if (r < 0)
		return r;

	/*
	 * dm_sm_copy_root() can fail.  So we need to do it before we start
	 * updating the superblock.
	 */
	r = __save_sm_root(cmd);
	if (r)
		return r;

	r = superblock_lock_zero(cmd, &sblock);
	if (r)
		return r;

	disk_super = dm_block_data(sblock);
	disk_super->flags = 0;
	memset(disk_super->uuid, 0, sizeof(disk_super->uuid));
	disk_super->magic = cpu_to_le64(CACHE_SUPERBLOCK_MAGIC);
	disk_super->version = cpu_to_le32(cmd->version);
	memset(disk_super->policy_name, 0, sizeof(disk_super->policy_name));
	memset(disk_super->policy_version, 0, sizeof(disk_super->policy_version));
	disk_super->policy_hint_size = cpu_to_le32(0);

	__copy_sm_root(cmd, disk_super);

	disk_super->mapping_root = cpu_to_le64(cmd->root);
	disk_super->hint_root = cpu_to_le64(cmd->hint_root);
	disk_super->discard_root = cpu_to_le64(cmd->discard_root);
	disk_super->discard_block_size = cpu_to_le64(cmd->discard_block_size);
	disk_super->discard_nr_blocks = cpu_to_le64(from_dblock(cmd->discard_nr_blocks));
	disk_super->metadata_block_size = cpu_to_le32(DM_CACHE_METADATA_BLOCK_SIZE);
	disk_super->data_block_size = cpu_to_le32(cmd->data_block_size);
	disk_super->cache_blocks = cpu_to_le32(0);

	disk_super->read_hits = cpu_to_le32(0);
	disk_super->read_misses = cpu_to_le32(0);
	disk_super->write_hits = cpu_to_le32(0);
	disk_super->write_misses = cpu_to_le32(0);

	if (separate_dirty_bits(cmd))
		disk_super->dirty_root = cpu_to_le64(cmd->dirty_root);

	return dm_tm_commit(cmd->tm, sblock);
}

static int __format_metadata(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	int r;

	r = dm_tm_create_with_sm(cmd->bm, CACHE_SUPERBLOCK_LOCATION,
				 &cmd->tm, &cmd->metadata_sm);
	if (r < 0) {
		DMERR("tm_create_with_sm failed");
		return r;
	}

	__setup_mapping_info(cmd);

	r = dm_array_empty(&cmd->info, &cmd->root);
	if (r < 0)
		goto bad;

	if (separate_dirty_bits(cmd)) {
		dm_disk_bitset_init(cmd->tm, &cmd->dirty_info);
		r = dm_bitset_empty(&cmd->dirty_info, &cmd->dirty_root);
		if (r < 0)
			goto bad;
	}

	dm_disk_bitset_init(cmd->tm, &cmd->discard_info);
	r = dm_bitset_empty(&cmd->discard_info, &cmd->discard_root);
	if (r < 0)
		goto bad;

	cmd->discard_block_size = 0;
	cmd->discard_nr_blocks = 0;

	r = __write_initial_superblock(cmd);
	if (r)
		goto bad;

	cmd->clean_when_opened = true;
	return 0;

bad:
	dm_tm_destroy(cmd->tm);
	dm_sm_destroy(cmd->metadata_sm);

	return r;
}

static int __check_incompat_features(struct cache_disk_superblock *disk_super,
				     struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	uint32_t incompat_flags, features;

	incompat_flags = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->incompat_flags);
	features = incompat_flags & ~DM_CACHE_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_SUPP;
	if (features) {
		DMERR("could not access metadata due to unsupported optional features (%lx).",
		      (unsigned long)features);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	/*
	 * Check for read-only metadata to skip the following RDWR checks.
	 */
	if (bdev_read_only(cmd->bdev))
		return 0;

	features = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->compat_ro_flags) & ~DM_CACHE_FEATURE_COMPAT_RO_SUPP;
	if (features) {
		DMERR("could not access metadata RDWR due to unsupported optional features (%lx).",
		      (unsigned long)features);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int __open_metadata(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	int r;
	struct dm_block *sblock;
	struct cache_disk_superblock *disk_super;
	unsigned long sb_flags;

	r = superblock_read_lock(cmd, &sblock);
	if (r < 0) {
		DMERR("couldn't read lock superblock");
		return r;
	}

	disk_super = dm_block_data(sblock);

	/* Verify the data block size hasn't changed */
	if (le32_to_cpu(disk_super->data_block_size) != cmd->data_block_size) {
		DMERR("changing the data block size (from %u to %llu) is not supported",
		      le32_to_cpu(disk_super->data_block_size),
		      (unsigned long long)cmd->data_block_size);
		r = -EINVAL;
		goto bad;
	}

	r = __check_incompat_features(disk_super, cmd);
	if (r < 0)
		goto bad;

	r = dm_tm_open_with_sm(cmd->bm, CACHE_SUPERBLOCK_LOCATION,
			       disk_super->metadata_space_map_root,
			       sizeof(disk_super->metadata_space_map_root),
			       &cmd->tm, &cmd->metadata_sm);
	if (r < 0) {
		DMERR("tm_open_with_sm failed");
		goto bad;
	}

	__setup_mapping_info(cmd);
	dm_disk_bitset_init(cmd->tm, &cmd->dirty_info);
	dm_disk_bitset_init(cmd->tm, &cmd->discard_info);
	sb_flags = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->flags);
	cmd->clean_when_opened = test_bit(CLEAN_SHUTDOWN, &sb_flags);
	dm_bm_unlock(sblock);

	return 0;

bad:
	dm_bm_unlock(sblock);
	return r;
}

static int __open_or_format_metadata(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
				     bool format_device)
{
	int r;
	bool unformatted = false;

	r = __superblock_all_zeroes(cmd->bm, &unformatted);
	if (r)
		return r;

	if (unformatted)
		return format_device ? __format_metadata(cmd) : -EPERM;

	return __open_metadata(cmd);
}

static int __create_persistent_data_objects(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
					    bool may_format_device)
{
	int r;

	cmd->bm = dm_block_manager_create(cmd->bdev, DM_CACHE_METADATA_BLOCK_SIZE << SECTOR_SHIFT,
					  CACHE_MAX_CONCURRENT_LOCKS);
	if (IS_ERR(cmd->bm)) {
		DMERR("could not create block manager");
		r = PTR_ERR(cmd->bm);
		cmd->bm = NULL;
		return r;
	}

	r = __open_or_format_metadata(cmd, may_format_device);
	if (r) {
		dm_block_manager_destroy(cmd->bm);
		cmd->bm = NULL;
	}

	return r;
}

static void __destroy_persistent_data_objects(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
					      bool destroy_bm)
{
	dm_sm_destroy(cmd->metadata_sm);
	dm_tm_destroy(cmd->tm);
	if (destroy_bm)
		dm_block_manager_destroy(cmd->bm);
}

typedef unsigned long (*flags_mutator)(unsigned long);

static void update_flags(struct cache_disk_superblock *disk_super,
			 flags_mutator mutator)
{
	uint32_t sb_flags = mutator(le32_to_cpu(disk_super->flags));

	disk_super->flags = cpu_to_le32(sb_flags);
}

static unsigned long set_clean_shutdown(unsigned long flags)
{
	set_bit(CLEAN_SHUTDOWN, &flags);
	return flags;
}

static unsigned long clear_clean_shutdown(unsigned long flags)
{
	clear_bit(CLEAN_SHUTDOWN, &flags);
	return flags;
}

static void read_superblock_fields(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
				   struct cache_disk_superblock *disk_super)
{
	cmd->version = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->version);
	cmd->flags = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->flags);
	cmd->root = le64_to_cpu(disk_super->mapping_root);
	cmd->hint_root = le64_to_cpu(disk_super->hint_root);
	cmd->discard_root = le64_to_cpu(disk_super->discard_root);
	cmd->discard_block_size = le64_to_cpu(disk_super->discard_block_size);
	cmd->discard_nr_blocks = to_dblock(le64_to_cpu(disk_super->discard_nr_blocks));
	cmd->data_block_size = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->data_block_size);
	cmd->cache_blocks = to_cblock(le32_to_cpu(disk_super->cache_blocks));
	strncpy(cmd->policy_name, disk_super->policy_name, sizeof(cmd->policy_name));
	cmd->policy_version[0] = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->policy_version[0]);
	cmd->policy_version[1] = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->policy_version[1]);
	cmd->policy_version[2] = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->policy_version[2]);
	cmd->policy_hint_size = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->policy_hint_size);

	cmd->stats.read_hits = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->read_hits);
	cmd->stats.read_misses = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->read_misses);
	cmd->stats.write_hits = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->write_hits);
	cmd->stats.write_misses = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->write_misses);

	if (separate_dirty_bits(cmd))
		cmd->dirty_root = le64_to_cpu(disk_super->dirty_root);

	cmd->changed = false;
}

/*
 * The mutator updates the superblock flags.
 */
static int __begin_transaction_flags(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
				     flags_mutator mutator)
{
	int r;
	struct cache_disk_superblock *disk_super;
	struct dm_block *sblock;

	r = superblock_lock(cmd, &sblock);
	if (r)
		return r;

	disk_super = dm_block_data(sblock);
	update_flags(disk_super, mutator);
	read_superblock_fields(cmd, disk_super);
	dm_bm_unlock(sblock);

	return dm_bm_flush(cmd->bm);
}

static int __begin_transaction(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	int r;
	struct cache_disk_superblock *disk_super;
	struct dm_block *sblock;

	/*
	 * We re-read the superblock every time.  Shouldn't need to do this
	 * really.
	 */
	r = superblock_read_lock(cmd, &sblock);
	if (r)
		return r;

	disk_super = dm_block_data(sblock);
	read_superblock_fields(cmd, disk_super);
	dm_bm_unlock(sblock);

	return 0;
}

static int __commit_transaction(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
				flags_mutator mutator)
{
	int r;
	struct cache_disk_superblock *disk_super;
	struct dm_block *sblock;

	/*
	 * We need to know if the cache_disk_superblock exceeds a 512-byte sector.
	 */
	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct cache_disk_superblock) > 512);

	if (separate_dirty_bits(cmd)) {
		r = dm_bitset_flush(&cmd->dirty_info, cmd->dirty_root,
				    &cmd->dirty_root);
		if (r)
			return r;
	}

	r = dm_bitset_flush(&cmd->discard_info, cmd->discard_root,
			    &cmd->discard_root);
	if (r)
		return r;

	r = dm_tm_pre_commit(cmd->tm);
	if (r < 0)
		return r;

	r = __save_sm_root(cmd);
	if (r)
		return r;

	r = superblock_lock(cmd, &sblock);
	if (r)
		return r;

	disk_super = dm_block_data(sblock);

	disk_super->flags = cpu_to_le32(cmd->flags);
	if (mutator)
		update_flags(disk_super, mutator);

	disk_super->mapping_root = cpu_to_le64(cmd->root);
	if (separate_dirty_bits(cmd))
		disk_super->dirty_root = cpu_to_le64(cmd->dirty_root);
	disk_super->hint_root = cpu_to_le64(cmd->hint_root);
	disk_super->discard_root = cpu_to_le64(cmd->discard_root);
	disk_super->discard_block_size = cpu_to_le64(cmd->discard_block_size);
	disk_super->discard_nr_blocks = cpu_to_le64(from_dblock(cmd->discard_nr_blocks));
	disk_super->cache_blocks = cpu_to_le32(from_cblock(cmd->cache_blocks));
	strncpy(disk_super->policy_name, cmd->policy_name, sizeof(disk_super->policy_name));
	disk_super->policy_version[0] = cpu_to_le32(cmd->policy_version[0]);
	disk_super->policy_version[1] = cpu_to_le32(cmd->policy_version[1]);
	disk_super->policy_version[2] = cpu_to_le32(cmd->policy_version[2]);
	disk_super->policy_hint_size = cpu_to_le32(cmd->policy_hint_size);

	disk_super->read_hits = cpu_to_le32(cmd->stats.read_hits);
	disk_super->read_misses = cpu_to_le32(cmd->stats.read_misses);
	disk_super->write_hits = cpu_to_le32(cmd->stats.write_hits);
	disk_super->write_misses = cpu_to_le32(cmd->stats.write_misses);
	__copy_sm_root(cmd, disk_super);

	return dm_tm_commit(cmd->tm, sblock);
}

/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/

/*
 * The mappings are held in a dm-array that has 64-bit values stored in
 * little-endian format.  The index is the cblock, the high 48bits of the
 * value are the oblock and the low 16 bit the flags.
 */
#define FLAGS_MASK ((1 << 16) - 1)

static __le64 pack_value(dm_oblock_t block, unsigned int flags)
{
	uint64_t value = from_oblock(block);

	value <<= 16;
	value = value | (flags & FLAGS_MASK);
	return cpu_to_le64(value);
}

static void unpack_value(__le64 value_le, dm_oblock_t *block, unsigned int *flags)
{
	uint64_t value = le64_to_cpu(value_le);
	uint64_t b = value >> 16;

	*block = to_oblock(b);
	*flags = value & FLAGS_MASK;
}

/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/

static struct dm_cache_metadata *metadata_open(struct block_device *bdev,
					       sector_t data_block_size,
					       bool may_format_device,
					       size_t policy_hint_size,
					       unsigned int metadata_version)
{
	int r;
	struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd;

	cmd = kzalloc(sizeof(*cmd), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!cmd) {
		DMERR("could not allocate metadata struct");
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
	}

	cmd->version = metadata_version;
	refcount_set(&cmd->ref_count, 1);
	init_rwsem(&cmd->root_lock);
	cmd->bdev = bdev;
	cmd->data_block_size = data_block_size;
	cmd->cache_blocks = 0;
	cmd->policy_hint_size = policy_hint_size;
	cmd->changed = true;
	cmd->fail_io = false;

	r = __create_persistent_data_objects(cmd, may_format_device);
	if (r) {
		kfree(cmd);
		return ERR_PTR(r);
	}

	r = __begin_transaction_flags(cmd, clear_clean_shutdown);
	if (r < 0) {
		dm_cache_metadata_close(cmd);
		return ERR_PTR(r);
	}

	return cmd;
}

/*
 * We keep a little list of ref counted metadata objects to prevent two
 * different target instances creating separate bufio instances.  This is
 * an issue if a table is reloaded before the suspend.
 */
static DEFINE_MUTEX(table_lock);
static LIST_HEAD(table);

static struct dm_cache_metadata *lookup(struct block_device *bdev)
{
	struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd;

	list_for_each_entry(cmd, &table, list)
		if (cmd->bdev == bdev) {
			refcount_inc(&cmd->ref_count);
			return cmd;
		}

	return NULL;
}

static struct dm_cache_metadata *lookup_or_open(struct block_device *bdev,
						sector_t data_block_size,
						bool may_format_device,
						size_t policy_hint_size,
						unsigned int metadata_version)
{
	struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, *cmd2;

	mutex_lock(&table_lock);
	cmd = lookup(bdev);
	mutex_unlock(&table_lock);

	if (cmd)
		return cmd;

	cmd = metadata_open(bdev, data_block_size, may_format_device,
			    policy_hint_size, metadata_version);
	if (!IS_ERR(cmd)) {
		mutex_lock(&table_lock);
		cmd2 = lookup(bdev);
		if (cmd2) {
			mutex_unlock(&table_lock);
			__destroy_persistent_data_objects(cmd, true);
			kfree(cmd);
			return cmd2;
		}
		list_add(&cmd->list, &table);
		mutex_unlock(&table_lock);
	}

	return cmd;
}

static bool same_params(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, sector_t data_block_size)
{
	if (cmd->data_block_size != data_block_size) {
		DMERR("data_block_size (%llu) different from that in metadata (%llu)",
		      (unsigned long long) data_block_size,
		      (unsigned long long) cmd->data_block_size);
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

struct dm_cache_metadata *dm_cache_metadata_open(struct block_device *bdev,
						 sector_t data_block_size,
						 bool may_format_device,
						 size_t policy_hint_size,
						 unsigned int metadata_version)
{
	struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd = lookup_or_open(bdev, data_block_size, may_format_device,
						       policy_hint_size, metadata_version);

	if (!IS_ERR(cmd) && !same_params(cmd, data_block_size)) {
		dm_cache_metadata_close(cmd);
		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
	}

	return cmd;
}

void dm_cache_metadata_close(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&cmd->ref_count)) {
		mutex_lock(&table_lock);
		list_del(&cmd->list);
		mutex_unlock(&table_lock);

		if (!cmd->fail_io)
			__destroy_persistent_data_objects(cmd, true);
		kfree(cmd);
	}
}

/*
 * Checks that the given cache block is either unmapped or clean.
 */
static int block_clean_combined_dirty(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, dm_cblock_t b,
				      bool *result)
{
	int r;
	__le64 value;
	dm_oblock_t ob;
	unsigned int flags;

	r = dm_array_get_value(&cmd->info, cmd->root, from_cblock(b), &value);
	if (r)
		return r;

	unpack_value(value, &ob, &flags);
	*result = !((flags & M_VALID) && (flags & M_DIRTY));

	return 0;
}

static int blocks_are_clean_combined_dirty(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
					   dm_cblock_t begin, dm_cblock_t end,
					   bool *result)
{
	int r;
	*result = true;

	while (begin != end) {
		r = block_clean_combined_dirty(cmd, begin, result);
		if (r) {
			DMERR("block_clean_combined_dirty failed");
			return r;
		}

		if (!*result) {
			DMERR("cache block %llu is dirty",
			      (unsigned long long) from_cblock(begin));
			return 0;
		}

		begin = to_cblock(from_cblock(begin) + 1);
	}

	return 0;
}

static int blocks_are_clean_separate_dirty(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
					   dm_cblock_t begin, dm_cblock_t end,
					   bool *result)
{
	int r;
	bool dirty_flag;
	*result = true;

	if (from_cblock(cmd->cache_blocks) == 0)
		/* Nothing to do */
		return 0;

	r = dm_bitset_cursor_begin(&cmd->dirty_info, cmd->dirty_root,
				   from_cblock(cmd->cache_blocks), &cmd->dirty_cursor);
	if (r) {
		DMERR("%s: dm_bitset_cursor_begin for dirty failed", __func__);
		return r;
	}

	r = dm_bitset_cursor_skip(&cmd->dirty_cursor, from_cblock(begin));
	if (r) {
		DMERR("%s: dm_bitset_cursor_skip for dirty failed", __func__);
		dm_bitset_cursor_end(&cmd->dirty_cursor);
		return r;
	}

	while (begin != end) {
		/*
		 * We assume that unmapped blocks have their dirty bit
		 * cleared.
		 */
		dirty_flag = dm_bitset_cursor_get_value(&cmd->dirty_cursor);
		if (dirty_flag) {
			DMERR("%s: cache block %llu is dirty", __func__,
			      (unsigned long long) from_cblock(begin));
			dm_bitset_cursor_end(&cmd->dirty_cursor);
			*result = false;
			return 0;
		}

		begin = to_cblock(from_cblock(begin) + 1);
		if (begin == end)
			break;

		r = dm_bitset_cursor_next(&cmd->dirty_cursor);
		if (r) {
			DMERR("%s: dm_bitset_cursor_next for dirty failed", __func__);
			dm_bitset_cursor_end(&cmd->dirty_cursor);
			return r;
		}
	}

	dm_bitset_cursor_end(&cmd->dirty_cursor);

	return 0;
}

static int blocks_are_unmapped_or_clean(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
					dm_cblock_t begin, dm_cblock_t end,
					bool *result)
{
	if (separate_dirty_bits(cmd))
		return blocks_are_clean_separate_dirty(cmd, begin, end, result);
	else
		return blocks_are_clean_combined_dirty(cmd, begin, end, result);
}

static bool cmd_write_lock(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	down_write(&cmd->root_lock);
	if (cmd->fail_io || dm_bm_is_read_only(cmd->bm)) {
		up_write(&cmd->root_lock);
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

#define WRITE_LOCK(cmd)				\
	do {					\
		if (!cmd_write_lock((cmd)))	\
			return -EINVAL;		\
	} while (0)

#define WRITE_LOCK_VOID(cmd)			\
	do {					\
		if (!cmd_write_lock((cmd)))	\
			return;			\
	} while (0)

#define WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd) \
	up_write(&(cmd)->root_lock)

static bool cmd_read_lock(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	down_read(&cmd->root_lock);
	if (cmd->fail_io) {
		up_read(&cmd->root_lock);
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

#define READ_LOCK(cmd)				\
	do {					\
		if (!cmd_read_lock((cmd)))	\
			return -EINVAL;		\
	} while (0)

#define READ_LOCK_VOID(cmd)			\
	do {					\
		if (!cmd_read_lock((cmd)))	\
			return;			\
	} while (0)

#define READ_UNLOCK(cmd) \
	up_read(&(cmd)->root_lock)

int dm_cache_resize(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, dm_cblock_t new_cache_size)
{
	int r;
	bool clean;
	__le64 null_mapping = pack_value(0, 0);

	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
	__dm_bless_for_disk(&null_mapping);

	if (from_cblock(new_cache_size) < from_cblock(cmd->cache_blocks)) {
		r = blocks_are_unmapped_or_clean(cmd, new_cache_size, cmd->cache_blocks, &clean);
		if (r) {
			__dm_unbless_for_disk(&null_mapping);
			goto out;
		}

		if (!clean) {
			DMERR("unable to shrink cache due to dirty blocks");
			r = -EINVAL;
			__dm_unbless_for_disk(&null_mapping);
			goto out;
		}
	}

	r = dm_array_resize(&cmd->info, cmd->root, from_cblock(cmd->cache_blocks),
			    from_cblock(new_cache_size),
			    &null_mapping, &cmd->root);
	if (r)
		goto out;

	if (separate_dirty_bits(cmd)) {
		r = dm_bitset_resize(&cmd->dirty_info, cmd->dirty_root,
				     from_cblock(cmd->cache_blocks), from_cblock(new_cache_size),
				     false, &cmd->dirty_root);
		if (r)
			goto out;
	}

	cmd->cache_blocks = new_cache_size;
	cmd->changed = true;

out:
	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);

	return r;
}

int dm_cache_discard_bitset_resize(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
				   sector_t discard_block_size,
				   dm_dblock_t new_nr_entries)
{
	int r;

	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
	r = dm_bitset_resize(&cmd->discard_info,
			     cmd->discard_root,
			     from_dblock(cmd->discard_nr_blocks),
			     from_dblock(new_nr_entries),
			     false, &cmd->discard_root);
	if (!r) {
		cmd->discard_block_size = discard_block_size;
		cmd->discard_nr_blocks = new_nr_entries;
	}

	cmd->changed = true;
	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);

	return r;
}

static int __set_discard(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, dm_dblock_t b)
{
	return dm_bitset_set_bit(&cmd->discard_info, cmd->discard_root,
				 from_dblock(b), &cmd->discard_root);
}

static int __clear_discard(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, dm_dblock_t b)
{
	return dm_bitset_clear_bit(&cmd->discard_info, cmd->discard_root,
				   from_dblock(b), &cmd->discard_root);
}

static int __discard(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
		     dm_dblock_t dblock, bool discard)
{
	int r;

	r = (discard ? __set_discard : __clear_discard)(cmd, dblock);
	if (r)
		return r;

	cmd->changed = true;
	return 0;
}

int dm_cache_set_discard(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
			 dm_dblock_t dblock, bool discard)
{
	int r;

	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
	r = __discard(cmd, dblock, discard);
	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);

	return r;
}

static int __load_discards(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
			   load_discard_fn fn, void *context)
{
	int r = 0;
	uint32_t b;
	struct dm_bitset_cursor c;

	if (from_dblock(cmd->discard_nr_blocks) == 0)
		/* nothing to do */
		return 0;

	if (cmd->clean_when_opened) {
		r = dm_bitset_flush(&cmd->discard_info, cmd->discard_root, &cmd->discard_root);
		if (r)
			return r;

		r = dm_bitset_cursor_begin(&cmd->discard_info, cmd->discard_root,
					   from_dblock(cmd->discard_nr_blocks), &c);
		if (r)
			return r;

		for (b = 0; ; b++) {
			r = fn(context, cmd->discard_block_size, to_dblock(b),
			       dm_bitset_cursor_get_value(&c));
			if (r)
				break;

			if (b >= (from_dblock(cmd->discard_nr_blocks) - 1))
				break;

			r = dm_bitset_cursor_next(&c);
			if (r)
				break;
		}

		dm_bitset_cursor_end(&c);

	} else {
		for (b = 0; b < from_dblock(cmd->discard_nr_blocks); b++) {
			r = fn(context, cmd->discard_block_size, to_dblock(b), false);
			if (r)
				return r;
		}
	}

	return r;
}

int dm_cache_load_discards(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
			   load_discard_fn fn, void *context)
{
	int r;

	READ_LOCK(cmd);
	r = __load_discards(cmd, fn, context);
	READ_UNLOCK(cmd);

	return r;
}

int dm_cache_size(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, dm_cblock_t *result)
{
	READ_LOCK(cmd);
	*result = cmd->cache_blocks;
	READ_UNLOCK(cmd);

	return 0;
}

static int __remove(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, dm_cblock_t cblock)
{
	int r;
	__le64 value = pack_value(0, 0);

	__dm_bless_for_disk(&value);
	r = dm_array_set_value(&cmd->info, cmd->root, from_cblock(cblock),
			       &value, &cmd->root);
	if (r)
		return r;

	cmd->changed = true;
	return 0;
}

int dm_cache_remove_mapping(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, dm_cblock_t cblock)
{
	int r;

	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
	r = __remove(cmd, cblock);
	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);

	return r;
}

static int __insert(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
		    dm_cblock_t cblock, dm_oblock_t oblock)
{
	int r;
	__le64 value = pack_value(oblock, M_VALID);

	__dm_bless_for_disk(&value);

	r = dm_array_set_value(&cmd->info, cmd->root, from_cblock(cblock),
			       &value, &cmd->root);
	if (r)
		return r;

	cmd->changed = true;
	return 0;
}

int dm_cache_insert_mapping(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
			    dm_cblock_t cblock, dm_oblock_t oblock)
{
	int r;

	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
	r = __insert(cmd, cblock, oblock);
	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);

	return r;
}

struct thunk {
	load_mapping_fn fn;
	void *context;

	struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd;
	bool respect_dirty_flags;
	bool hints_valid;
};

static bool policy_unchanged(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
			     struct dm_cache_policy *policy)
{
	const char *policy_name = dm_cache_policy_get_name(policy);
	const unsigned int *policy_version = dm_cache_policy_get_version(policy);
	size_t policy_hint_size = dm_cache_policy_get_hint_size(policy);

	/*
	 * Ensure policy names match.
	 */
	if (strncmp(cmd->policy_name, policy_name, sizeof(cmd->policy_name)))
		return false;

	/*
	 * Ensure policy major versions match.
	 */
	if (cmd->policy_version[0] != policy_version[0])
		return false;

	/*
	 * Ensure policy hint sizes match.
	 */
	if (cmd->policy_hint_size != policy_hint_size)
		return false;

	return true;
}

static bool hints_array_initialized(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	return cmd->hint_root && cmd->policy_hint_size;
}

static bool hints_array_available(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
				  struct dm_cache_policy *policy)
{
	return cmd->clean_when_opened && policy_unchanged(cmd, policy) &&
		hints_array_initialized(cmd);
}

static int __load_mapping_v1(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
			     uint64_t cb, bool hints_valid,
			     struct dm_array_cursor *mapping_cursor,
			     struct dm_array_cursor *hint_cursor,
			     load_mapping_fn fn, void *context)
{
	int r = 0;

	__le64 mapping;
	__le32 hint = 0;

	__le64 *mapping_value_le;
	__le32 *hint_value_le;

	dm_oblock_t oblock;
	unsigned int flags;
	bool dirty = true;

	dm_array_cursor_get_value(mapping_cursor, (void **) &mapping_value_le);
	memcpy(&mapping, mapping_value_le, sizeof(mapping));
	unpack_value(mapping, &oblock, &flags);

	if (flags & M_VALID) {
		if (hints_valid) {
			dm_array_cursor_get_value(hint_cursor, (void **) &hint_value_le);
			memcpy(&hint, hint_value_le, sizeof(hint));
		}
		if (cmd->clean_when_opened)
			dirty = flags & M_DIRTY;

		r = fn(context, oblock, to_cblock(cb), dirty,
		       le32_to_cpu(hint), hints_valid);
		if (r) {
			DMERR("policy couldn't load cache block %llu",
			      (unsigned long long) from_cblock(to_cblock(cb)));
		}
	}

	return r;
}

static int __load_mapping_v2(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
			     uint64_t cb, bool hints_valid,
			     struct dm_array_cursor *mapping_cursor,
			     struct dm_array_cursor *hint_cursor,
			     struct dm_bitset_cursor *dirty_cursor,
			     load_mapping_fn fn, void *context)
{
	int r = 0;

	__le64 mapping;
	__le32 hint = 0;

	__le64 *mapping_value_le;
	__le32 *hint_value_le;

	dm_oblock_t oblock;
	unsigned int flags;
	bool dirty = true;

	dm_array_cursor_get_value(mapping_cursor, (void **) &mapping_value_le);
	memcpy(&mapping, mapping_value_le, sizeof(mapping));
	unpack_value(mapping, &oblock, &flags);

	if (flags & M_VALID) {
		if (hints_valid) {
			dm_array_cursor_get_value(hint_cursor, (void **) &hint_value_le);
			memcpy(&hint, hint_value_le, sizeof(hint));
		}
		if (cmd->clean_when_opened)
			dirty = dm_bitset_cursor_get_value(dirty_cursor);

		r = fn(context, oblock, to_cblock(cb), dirty,
		       le32_to_cpu(hint), hints_valid);
		if (r) {
			DMERR("policy couldn't load cache block %llu",
			      (unsigned long long) from_cblock(to_cblock(cb)));
		}
	}

	return r;
}

static int __load_mappings(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
			   struct dm_cache_policy *policy,
			   load_mapping_fn fn, void *context)
{
	int r;
	uint64_t cb;

	bool hints_valid = hints_array_available(cmd, policy);

	if (from_cblock(cmd->cache_blocks) == 0)
		/* Nothing to do */
		return 0;

	r = dm_array_cursor_begin(&cmd->info, cmd->root, &cmd->mapping_cursor);
	if (r)
		return r;

	if (hints_valid) {
		r = dm_array_cursor_begin(&cmd->hint_info, cmd->hint_root, &cmd->hint_cursor);
		if (r) {
			dm_array_cursor_end(&cmd->mapping_cursor);
			return r;
		}
	}

	if (separate_dirty_bits(cmd)) {
		r = dm_bitset_cursor_begin(&cmd->dirty_info, cmd->dirty_root,
					   from_cblock(cmd->cache_blocks),
					   &cmd->dirty_cursor);
		if (r) {
			dm_array_cursor_end(&cmd->hint_cursor);
			dm_array_cursor_end(&cmd->mapping_cursor);
			return r;
		}
	}

	for (cb = 0; ; cb++) {
		if (separate_dirty_bits(cmd))
			r = __load_mapping_v2(cmd, cb, hints_valid,
					      &cmd->mapping_cursor,
					      &cmd->hint_cursor,
					      &cmd->dirty_cursor,
					      fn, context);
		else
			r = __load_mapping_v1(cmd, cb, hints_valid,
					      &cmd->mapping_cursor, &cmd->hint_cursor,
					      fn, context);
		if (r)
			goto out;

		/*
		 * We need to break out before we move the cursors.
		 */
		if (cb >= (from_cblock(cmd->cache_blocks) - 1))
			break;

		r = dm_array_cursor_next(&cmd->mapping_cursor);
		if (r) {
			DMERR("dm_array_cursor_next for mapping failed");
			goto out;
		}

		if (hints_valid) {
			r = dm_array_cursor_next(&cmd->hint_cursor);
			if (r) {
				dm_array_cursor_end(&cmd->hint_cursor);
				hints_valid = false;
			}
		}

		if (separate_dirty_bits(cmd)) {
			r = dm_bitset_cursor_next(&cmd->dirty_cursor);
			if (r) {
				DMERR("dm_bitset_cursor_next for dirty failed");
				goto out;
			}
		}
	}
out:
	dm_array_cursor_end(&cmd->mapping_cursor);
	if (hints_valid)
		dm_array_cursor_end(&cmd->hint_cursor);

	if (separate_dirty_bits(cmd))
		dm_bitset_cursor_end(&cmd->dirty_cursor);

	return r;
}

int dm_cache_load_mappings(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
			   struct dm_cache_policy *policy,
			   load_mapping_fn fn, void *context)
{
	int r;

	READ_LOCK(cmd);
	r = __load_mappings(cmd, policy, fn, context);
	READ_UNLOCK(cmd);

	return r;
}

static int __dump_mapping(void *context, uint64_t cblock, void *leaf)
{
	__le64 value;
	dm_oblock_t oblock;
	unsigned int flags;

	memcpy(&value, leaf, sizeof(value));
	unpack_value(value, &oblock, &flags);

	return 0;
}

static int __dump_mappings(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	return dm_array_walk(&cmd->info, cmd->root, __dump_mapping, NULL);
}

void dm_cache_dump(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	READ_LOCK_VOID(cmd);
	__dump_mappings(cmd);
	READ_UNLOCK(cmd);
}

int dm_cache_changed_this_transaction(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	int r;

	READ_LOCK(cmd);
	r = cmd->changed;
	READ_UNLOCK(cmd);

	return r;
}

static int __dirty(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, dm_cblock_t cblock, bool dirty)
{
	int r;
	unsigned int flags;
	dm_oblock_t oblock;
	__le64 value;

	r = dm_array_get_value(&cmd->info, cmd->root, from_cblock(cblock), &value);
	if (r)
		return r;

	unpack_value(value, &oblock, &flags);

	if (((flags & M_DIRTY) && dirty) || (!(flags & M_DIRTY) && !dirty))
		/* nothing to be done */
		return 0;

	value = pack_value(oblock, (flags & ~M_DIRTY) | (dirty ? M_DIRTY : 0));
	__dm_bless_for_disk(&value);

	r = dm_array_set_value(&cmd->info, cmd->root, from_cblock(cblock),
			       &value, &cmd->root);
	if (r)
		return r;

	cmd->changed = true;
	return 0;

}

static int __set_dirty_bits_v1(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, unsigned int nr_bits, unsigned long *bits)
{
	int r;
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < nr_bits; i++) {
		r = __dirty(cmd, to_cblock(i), test_bit(i, bits));
		if (r)
			return r;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int is_dirty_callback(uint32_t index, bool *value, void *context)
{
	unsigned long *bits = context;
	*value = test_bit(index, bits);
	return 0;
}

static int __set_dirty_bits_v2(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, unsigned int nr_bits, unsigned long *bits)
{
	int r = 0;

	/* nr_bits is really just a sanity check */
	if (nr_bits != from_cblock(cmd->cache_blocks)) {
		DMERR("dirty bitset is wrong size");
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	r = dm_bitset_del(&cmd->dirty_info, cmd->dirty_root);
	if (r)
		return r;

	cmd->changed = true;
	return dm_bitset_new(&cmd->dirty_info, &cmd->dirty_root, nr_bits, is_dirty_callback, bits);
}

int dm_cache_set_dirty_bits(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
			    unsigned int nr_bits,
			    unsigned long *bits)
{
	int r;

	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
	if (separate_dirty_bits(cmd))
		r = __set_dirty_bits_v2(cmd, nr_bits, bits);
	else
		r = __set_dirty_bits_v1(cmd, nr_bits, bits);
	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);

	return r;
}

void dm_cache_metadata_get_stats(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
				 struct dm_cache_statistics *stats)
{
	READ_LOCK_VOID(cmd);
	*stats = cmd->stats;
	READ_UNLOCK(cmd);
}

void dm_cache_metadata_set_stats(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
				 struct dm_cache_statistics *stats)
{
	WRITE_LOCK_VOID(cmd);
	cmd->stats = *stats;
	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
}

int dm_cache_commit(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, bool clean_shutdown)
{
	int r = -EINVAL;
	flags_mutator mutator = (clean_shutdown ? set_clean_shutdown :
				 clear_clean_shutdown);

	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
	if (cmd->fail_io)
		goto out;

	r = __commit_transaction(cmd, mutator);
	if (r)
		goto out;

	r = __begin_transaction(cmd);
out:
	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
	return r;
}

int dm_cache_get_free_metadata_block_count(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
					   dm_block_t *result)
{
	int r = -EINVAL;

	READ_LOCK(cmd);
	if (!cmd->fail_io)
		r = dm_sm_get_nr_free(cmd->metadata_sm, result);
	READ_UNLOCK(cmd);

	return r;
}

int dm_cache_get_metadata_dev_size(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
				   dm_block_t *result)
{
	int r = -EINVAL;

	READ_LOCK(cmd);
	if (!cmd->fail_io)
		r = dm_sm_get_nr_blocks(cmd->metadata_sm, result);
	READ_UNLOCK(cmd);

	return r;
}

/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/

static int get_hint(uint32_t index, void *value_le, void *context)
{
	uint32_t value;
	struct dm_cache_policy *policy = context;

	value = policy_get_hint(policy, to_cblock(index));
	*((__le32 *) value_le) = cpu_to_le32(value);

	return 0;
}

/*
 * It's quicker to always delete the hint array, and recreate with
 * dm_array_new().
 */
static int write_hints(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, struct dm_cache_policy *policy)
{
	int r;
	size_t hint_size;
	const char *policy_name = dm_cache_policy_get_name(policy);
	const unsigned int *policy_version = dm_cache_policy_get_version(policy);

	if (!policy_name[0] ||
	    (strlen(policy_name) > sizeof(cmd->policy_name) - 1))
		return -EINVAL;

	strncpy(cmd->policy_name, policy_name, sizeof(cmd->policy_name));
	memcpy(cmd->policy_version, policy_version, sizeof(cmd->policy_version));

	hint_size = dm_cache_policy_get_hint_size(policy);
	if (!hint_size)
		return 0; /* short-circuit hints initialization */
	cmd->policy_hint_size = hint_size;

	if (cmd->hint_root) {
		r = dm_array_del(&cmd->hint_info, cmd->hint_root);
		if (r)
			return r;
	}

	return dm_array_new(&cmd->hint_info, &cmd->hint_root,
			    from_cblock(cmd->cache_blocks),
			    get_hint, policy);
}

int dm_cache_write_hints(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, struct dm_cache_policy *policy)
{
	int r;

	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
	r = write_hints(cmd, policy);
	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);

	return r;
}

int dm_cache_metadata_all_clean(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, bool *result)
{
	int r;

	READ_LOCK(cmd);
	r = blocks_are_unmapped_or_clean(cmd, 0, cmd->cache_blocks, result);
	READ_UNLOCK(cmd);

	return r;
}

void dm_cache_metadata_set_read_only(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	WRITE_LOCK_VOID(cmd);
	dm_bm_set_read_only(cmd->bm);
	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
}

void dm_cache_metadata_set_read_write(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	WRITE_LOCK_VOID(cmd);
	dm_bm_set_read_write(cmd->bm);
	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
}

int dm_cache_metadata_set_needs_check(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	int r;
	struct dm_block *sblock;
	struct cache_disk_superblock *disk_super;

	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
	set_bit(NEEDS_CHECK, &cmd->flags);

	r = superblock_lock(cmd, &sblock);
	if (r) {
		DMERR("couldn't read superblock");
		goto out;
	}

	disk_super = dm_block_data(sblock);
	disk_super->flags = cpu_to_le32(cmd->flags);

	dm_bm_unlock(sblock);

out:
	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
	return r;
}

int dm_cache_metadata_needs_check(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, bool *result)
{
	READ_LOCK(cmd);
	*result = !!test_bit(NEEDS_CHECK, &cmd->flags);
	READ_UNLOCK(cmd);

	return 0;
}

int dm_cache_metadata_abort(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
{
	int r = -EINVAL;
	struct dm_block_manager *old_bm = NULL, *new_bm = NULL;

	/* fail_io is double-checked with cmd->root_lock held below */
	if (unlikely(cmd->fail_io))
		return r;

	/*
	 * Replacement block manager (new_bm) is created and old_bm destroyed outside of
	 * cmd root_lock to avoid ABBA deadlock that would result (due to life-cycle of
	 * shrinker associated with the block manager's bufio client vs cmd root_lock).
	 * - must take shrinker_rwsem without holding cmd->root_lock
	 */
	new_bm = dm_block_manager_create(cmd->bdev, DM_CACHE_METADATA_BLOCK_SIZE << SECTOR_SHIFT,
					 CACHE_MAX_CONCURRENT_LOCKS);

	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
	if (cmd->fail_io) {
		WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
		goto out;
	}

	__destroy_persistent_data_objects(cmd, false);
	old_bm = cmd->bm;
	if (IS_ERR(new_bm)) {
		DMERR("could not create block manager during abort");
		cmd->bm = NULL;
		r = PTR_ERR(new_bm);
		goto out_unlock;
	}

	cmd->bm = new_bm;
	r = __open_or_format_metadata(cmd, false);
	if (r) {
		cmd->bm = NULL;
		goto out_unlock;
	}
	new_bm = NULL;
out_unlock:
	if (r)
		cmd->fail_io = true;
	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
	dm_block_manager_destroy(old_bm);
out:
	if (new_bm && !IS_ERR(new_bm))
		dm_block_manager_destroy(new_bm);

	return r;
}