1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2016 ARM Limited
5  */
6 
7 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
8 
9 #include <linux/atomic.h>
10 #include <linux/completion.h>
11 #include <linux/cpu.h>
12 #include <linux/cpuidle.h>
13 #include <linux/cpu_pm.h>
14 #include <linux/kernel.h>
15 #include <linux/kthread.h>
16 #include <uapi/linux/sched/types.h>
17 #include <linux/module.h>
18 #include <linux/preempt.h>
19 #include <linux/psci.h>
20 #include <linux/slab.h>
21 #include <linux/tick.h>
22 #include <linux/topology.h>
23 
24 #include <asm/cpuidle.h>
25 
26 #include <uapi/linux/psci.h>
27 
28 #define NUM_SUSPEND_CYCLE (10)
29 
30 static unsigned int nb_available_cpus;
31 static int tos_resident_cpu = -1;
32 
33 static atomic_t nb_active_threads;
34 static struct completion suspend_threads_started =
35 	COMPLETION_INITIALIZER(suspend_threads_started);
36 static struct completion suspend_threads_done =
37 	COMPLETION_INITIALIZER(suspend_threads_done);
38 
39 /*
40  * We assume that PSCI operations are used if they are available. This is not
41  * necessarily true on arm64, since the decision is based on the
42  * "enable-method" property of each CPU in the DT, but given that there is no
43  * arch-specific way to check this, we assume that the DT is sensible.
44  */
45 static int psci_ops_check(void)
46 {
47 	int migrate_type = -1;
48 	int cpu;
49 
50 	if (!(psci_ops.cpu_off && psci_ops.cpu_on && psci_ops.cpu_suspend)) {
51 		pr_warn("Missing PSCI operations, aborting tests\n");
52 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
53 	}
54 
55 	if (psci_ops.migrate_info_type)
56 		migrate_type = psci_ops.migrate_info_type();
57 
58 	if (migrate_type == PSCI_0_2_TOS_UP_MIGRATE ||
59 	    migrate_type == PSCI_0_2_TOS_UP_NO_MIGRATE) {
60 		/* There is a UP Trusted OS, find on which core it resides. */
61 		for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
62 			if (psci_tos_resident_on(cpu)) {
63 				tos_resident_cpu = cpu;
64 				break;
65 			}
66 		if (tos_resident_cpu == -1)
67 			pr_warn("UP Trusted OS resides on no online CPU\n");
68 	}
69 
70 	return 0;
71 }
72 
73 /*
74  * offlined_cpus is a temporary array but passing it as an argument avoids
75  * multiple allocations.
76  */
77 static unsigned int down_and_up_cpus(const struct cpumask *cpus,
78 				     struct cpumask *offlined_cpus)
79 {
80 	int cpu;
81 	int err = 0;
82 
83 	cpumask_clear(offlined_cpus);
84 
85 	/* Try to power down all CPUs in the mask. */
86 	for_each_cpu(cpu, cpus) {
87 		int ret = remove_cpu(cpu);
88 
89 		/*
90 		 * cpu_down() checks the number of online CPUs before the TOS
91 		 * resident CPU.
92 		 */
93 		if (cpumask_weight(offlined_cpus) + 1 == nb_available_cpus) {
94 			if (ret != -EBUSY) {
95 				pr_err("Unexpected return code %d while trying "
96 				       "to power down last online CPU %d\n",
97 				       ret, cpu);
98 				++err;
99 			}
100 		} else if (cpu == tos_resident_cpu) {
101 			if (ret != -EPERM) {
102 				pr_err("Unexpected return code %d while trying "
103 				       "to power down TOS resident CPU %d\n",
104 				       ret, cpu);
105 				++err;
106 			}
107 		} else if (ret != 0) {
108 			pr_err("Error occurred (%d) while trying "
109 			       "to power down CPU %d\n", ret, cpu);
110 			++err;
111 		}
112 
113 		if (ret == 0)
114 			cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, offlined_cpus);
115 	}
116 
117 	/* Try to power up all the CPUs that have been offlined. */
118 	for_each_cpu(cpu, offlined_cpus) {
119 		int ret = add_cpu(cpu);
120 
121 		if (ret != 0) {
122 			pr_err("Error occurred (%d) while trying "
123 			       "to power up CPU %d\n", ret, cpu);
124 			++err;
125 		} else {
126 			cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, offlined_cpus);
127 		}
128 	}
129 
130 	/*
131 	 * Something went bad at some point and some CPUs could not be turned
132 	 * back on.
133 	 */
134 	WARN_ON(!cpumask_empty(offlined_cpus) ||
135 		num_online_cpus() != nb_available_cpus);
136 
137 	return err;
138 }
139 
140 static void free_cpu_groups(int num, cpumask_var_t **pcpu_groups)
141 {
142 	int i;
143 	cpumask_var_t *cpu_groups = *pcpu_groups;
144 
145 	for (i = 0; i < num; ++i)
146 		free_cpumask_var(cpu_groups[i]);
147 	kfree(cpu_groups);
148 }
149 
150 static int alloc_init_cpu_groups(cpumask_var_t **pcpu_groups)
151 {
152 	int num_groups = 0;
153 	cpumask_var_t tmp, *cpu_groups;
154 
155 	if (!alloc_cpumask_var(&tmp, GFP_KERNEL))
156 		return -ENOMEM;
157 
158 	cpu_groups = kcalloc(nb_available_cpus, sizeof(cpu_groups),
159 			     GFP_KERNEL);
160 	if (!cpu_groups) {
161 		free_cpumask_var(tmp);
162 		return -ENOMEM;
163 	}
164 
165 	cpumask_copy(tmp, cpu_online_mask);
166 
167 	while (!cpumask_empty(tmp)) {
168 		const struct cpumask *cpu_group =
169 			topology_core_cpumask(cpumask_any(tmp));
170 
171 		if (!alloc_cpumask_var(&cpu_groups[num_groups], GFP_KERNEL)) {
172 			free_cpumask_var(tmp);
173 			free_cpu_groups(num_groups, &cpu_groups);
174 			return -ENOMEM;
175 		}
176 		cpumask_copy(cpu_groups[num_groups++], cpu_group);
177 		cpumask_andnot(tmp, tmp, cpu_group);
178 	}
179 
180 	free_cpumask_var(tmp);
181 	*pcpu_groups = cpu_groups;
182 
183 	return num_groups;
184 }
185 
186 static int hotplug_tests(void)
187 {
188 	int i, nb_cpu_group, err = -ENOMEM;
189 	cpumask_var_t offlined_cpus, *cpu_groups;
190 	char *page_buf;
191 
192 	if (!alloc_cpumask_var(&offlined_cpus, GFP_KERNEL))
193 		return err;
194 
195 	nb_cpu_group = alloc_init_cpu_groups(&cpu_groups);
196 	if (nb_cpu_group < 0)
197 		goto out_free_cpus;
198 	page_buf = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
199 	if (!page_buf)
200 		goto out_free_cpu_groups;
201 
202 	/*
203 	 * Of course the last CPU cannot be powered down and cpu_down() should
204 	 * refuse doing that.
205 	 */
206 	pr_info("Trying to turn off and on again all CPUs\n");
207 	err = down_and_up_cpus(cpu_online_mask, offlined_cpus);
208 
209 	/*
210 	 * Take down CPUs by cpu group this time. When the last CPU is turned
211 	 * off, the cpu group itself should shut down.
212 	 */
213 	for (i = 0; i < nb_cpu_group; ++i) {
214 		ssize_t len = cpumap_print_to_pagebuf(true, page_buf,
215 						      cpu_groups[i]);
216 		/* Remove trailing newline. */
217 		page_buf[len - 1] = '\0';
218 		pr_info("Trying to turn off and on again group %d (CPUs %s)\n",
219 			i, page_buf);
220 		err += down_and_up_cpus(cpu_groups[i], offlined_cpus);
221 	}
222 
223 	free_page((unsigned long)page_buf);
224 out_free_cpu_groups:
225 	free_cpu_groups(nb_cpu_group, &cpu_groups);
226 out_free_cpus:
227 	free_cpumask_var(offlined_cpus);
228 	return err;
229 }
230 
231 static void dummy_callback(struct timer_list *unused) {}
232 
233 static int suspend_cpu(struct cpuidle_device *dev,
234 		       struct cpuidle_driver *drv, int index)
235 {
236 	struct cpuidle_state *state = &drv->states[index];
237 	bool broadcast = state->flags & CPUIDLE_FLAG_TIMER_STOP;
238 	int ret;
239 
240 	arch_cpu_idle_enter();
241 
242 	if (broadcast) {
243 		/*
244 		 * The local timer will be shut down, we need to enter tick
245 		 * broadcast.
246 		 */
247 		ret = tick_broadcast_enter();
248 		if (ret) {
249 			/*
250 			 * In the absence of hardware broadcast mechanism,
251 			 * this CPU might be used to broadcast wakeups, which
252 			 * may be why entering tick broadcast has failed.
253 			 * There is little the kernel can do to work around
254 			 * that, so enter WFI instead (idle state 0).
255 			 */
256 			cpu_do_idle();
257 			ret = 0;
258 			goto out_arch_exit;
259 		}
260 	}
261 
262 	ret = state->enter(dev, drv, index);
263 
264 	if (broadcast)
265 		tick_broadcast_exit();
266 
267 out_arch_exit:
268 	arch_cpu_idle_exit();
269 
270 	return ret;
271 }
272 
273 static int suspend_test_thread(void *arg)
274 {
275 	int cpu = (long)arg;
276 	int i, nb_suspend = 0, nb_shallow_sleep = 0, nb_err = 0;
277 	struct cpuidle_device *dev;
278 	struct cpuidle_driver *drv;
279 	/* No need for an actual callback, we just want to wake up the CPU. */
280 	struct timer_list wakeup_timer;
281 
282 	/* Wait for the main thread to give the start signal. */
283 	wait_for_completion(&suspend_threads_started);
284 
285 	/* Set maximum priority to preempt all other threads on this CPU. */
286 	sched_set_fifo(current);
287 
288 	dev = this_cpu_read(cpuidle_devices);
289 	drv = cpuidle_get_cpu_driver(dev);
290 
291 	pr_info("CPU %d entering suspend cycles, states 1 through %d\n",
292 		cpu, drv->state_count - 1);
293 
294 	timer_setup_on_stack(&wakeup_timer, dummy_callback, 0);
295 	for (i = 0; i < NUM_SUSPEND_CYCLE; ++i) {
296 		int index;
297 		/*
298 		 * Test all possible states, except 0 (which is usually WFI and
299 		 * doesn't use PSCI).
300 		 */
301 		for (index = 1; index < drv->state_count; ++index) {
302 			int ret;
303 			struct cpuidle_state *state = &drv->states[index];
304 
305 			/*
306 			 * Set the timer to wake this CPU up in some time (which
307 			 * should be largely sufficient for entering suspend).
308 			 * If the local tick is disabled when entering suspend,
309 			 * suspend_cpu() takes care of switching to a broadcast
310 			 * tick, so the timer will still wake us up.
311 			 */
312 			mod_timer(&wakeup_timer, jiffies +
313 				  usecs_to_jiffies(state->target_residency));
314 
315 			/* IRQs must be disabled during suspend operations. */
316 			local_irq_disable();
317 
318 			ret = suspend_cpu(dev, drv, index);
319 
320 			/*
321 			 * We have woken up. Re-enable IRQs to handle any
322 			 * pending interrupt, do not wait until the end of the
323 			 * loop.
324 			 */
325 			local_irq_enable();
326 
327 			if (ret == index) {
328 				++nb_suspend;
329 			} else if (ret >= 0) {
330 				/* We did not enter the expected state. */
331 				++nb_shallow_sleep;
332 			} else {
333 				pr_err("Failed to suspend CPU %d: error %d "
334 				       "(requested state %d, cycle %d)\n",
335 				       cpu, ret, index, i);
336 				++nb_err;
337 			}
338 		}
339 	}
340 
341 	/*
342 	 * Disable the timer to make sure that the timer will not trigger
343 	 * later.
344 	 */
345 	del_timer(&wakeup_timer);
346 	destroy_timer_on_stack(&wakeup_timer);
347 
348 	if (atomic_dec_return_relaxed(&nb_active_threads) == 0)
349 		complete(&suspend_threads_done);
350 
351 	for (;;) {
352 		/* Needs to be set first to avoid missing a wakeup. */
353 		set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
354 		if (kthread_should_park())
355 			break;
356 		schedule();
357 	}
358 
359 	pr_info("CPU %d suspend test results: success %d, shallow states %d, errors %d\n",
360 		cpu, nb_suspend, nb_shallow_sleep, nb_err);
361 
362 	kthread_parkme();
363 
364 	return nb_err;
365 }
366 
367 static int suspend_tests(void)
368 {
369 	int i, cpu, err = 0;
370 	struct task_struct **threads;
371 	int nb_threads = 0;
372 
373 	threads = kmalloc_array(nb_available_cpus, sizeof(*threads),
374 				GFP_KERNEL);
375 	if (!threads)
376 		return -ENOMEM;
377 
378 	/*
379 	 * Stop cpuidle to prevent the idle tasks from entering a deep sleep
380 	 * mode, as it might interfere with the suspend threads on other CPUs.
381 	 * This does not prevent the suspend threads from using cpuidle (only
382 	 * the idle tasks check this status). Take the idle lock so that
383 	 * the cpuidle driver and device look-up can be carried out safely.
384 	 */
385 	cpuidle_pause_and_lock();
386 
387 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
388 		struct task_struct *thread;
389 		/* Check that cpuidle is available on that CPU. */
390 		struct cpuidle_device *dev = per_cpu(cpuidle_devices, cpu);
391 		struct cpuidle_driver *drv = cpuidle_get_cpu_driver(dev);
392 
393 		if (!dev || !drv) {
394 			pr_warn("cpuidle not available on CPU %d, ignoring\n",
395 				cpu);
396 			continue;
397 		}
398 
399 		thread = kthread_create_on_cpu(suspend_test_thread,
400 					       (void *)(long)cpu, cpu,
401 					       "psci_suspend_test");
402 		if (IS_ERR(thread))
403 			pr_err("Failed to create kthread on CPU %d\n", cpu);
404 		else
405 			threads[nb_threads++] = thread;
406 	}
407 
408 	if (nb_threads < 1) {
409 		err = -ENODEV;
410 		goto out;
411 	}
412 
413 	atomic_set(&nb_active_threads, nb_threads);
414 
415 	/*
416 	 * Wake up the suspend threads. To avoid the main thread being preempted
417 	 * before all the threads have been unparked, the suspend threads will
418 	 * wait for the completion of suspend_threads_started.
419 	 */
420 	for (i = 0; i < nb_threads; ++i)
421 		wake_up_process(threads[i]);
422 	complete_all(&suspend_threads_started);
423 
424 	wait_for_completion(&suspend_threads_done);
425 
426 
427 	/* Stop and destroy all threads, get return status. */
428 	for (i = 0; i < nb_threads; ++i) {
429 		err += kthread_park(threads[i]);
430 		err += kthread_stop(threads[i]);
431 	}
432  out:
433 	cpuidle_resume_and_unlock();
434 	kfree(threads);
435 	return err;
436 }
437 
438 static int __init psci_checker(void)
439 {
440 	int ret;
441 
442 	/*
443 	 * Since we're in an initcall, we assume that all the CPUs that all
444 	 * CPUs that can be onlined have been onlined.
445 	 *
446 	 * The tests assume that hotplug is enabled but nobody else is using it,
447 	 * otherwise the results will be unpredictable. However, since there
448 	 * is no userspace yet in initcalls, that should be fine, as long as
449 	 * no torture test is running at the same time (see Kconfig).
450 	 */
451 	nb_available_cpus = num_online_cpus();
452 
453 	/* Check PSCI operations are set up and working. */
454 	ret = psci_ops_check();
455 	if (ret)
456 		return ret;
457 
458 	pr_info("PSCI checker started using %u CPUs\n", nb_available_cpus);
459 
460 	pr_info("Starting hotplug tests\n");
461 	ret = hotplug_tests();
462 	if (ret == 0)
463 		pr_info("Hotplug tests passed OK\n");
464 	else if (ret > 0)
465 		pr_err("%d error(s) encountered in hotplug tests\n", ret);
466 	else {
467 		pr_err("Out of memory\n");
468 		return ret;
469 	}
470 
471 	pr_info("Starting suspend tests (%d cycles per state)\n",
472 		NUM_SUSPEND_CYCLE);
473 	ret = suspend_tests();
474 	if (ret == 0)
475 		pr_info("Suspend tests passed OK\n");
476 	else if (ret > 0)
477 		pr_err("%d error(s) encountered in suspend tests\n", ret);
478 	else {
479 		switch (ret) {
480 		case -ENOMEM:
481 			pr_err("Out of memory\n");
482 			break;
483 		case -ENODEV:
484 			pr_warn("Could not start suspend tests on any CPU\n");
485 			break;
486 		}
487 	}
488 
489 	pr_info("PSCI checker completed\n");
490 	return ret < 0 ? ret : 0;
491 }
492 late_initcall(psci_checker);
493