1 /*  Xenbus code for blkif backend
2     Copyright (C) 2005 Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
3     Copyright (C) 2005 XenSource Ltd
4 
5     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7     the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
8     (at your option) any later version.
9 
10     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
13     GNU General Public License for more details.
14 
15 */
16 
17 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "xen-blkback: " fmt
18 
19 #include <stdarg.h>
20 #include <linux/module.h>
21 #include <linux/kthread.h>
22 #include <xen/events.h>
23 #include <xen/grant_table.h>
24 #include "common.h"
25 
26 /* Enlarge the array size in order to fully show blkback name. */
27 #define BLKBACK_NAME_LEN (20)
28 
29 struct backend_info {
30 	struct xenbus_device	*dev;
31 	struct xen_blkif	*blkif;
32 	struct xenbus_watch	backend_watch;
33 	unsigned		major;
34 	unsigned		minor;
35 	char			*mode;
36 };
37 
38 static struct kmem_cache *xen_blkif_cachep;
39 static void connect(struct backend_info *);
40 static int connect_ring(struct backend_info *);
41 static void backend_changed(struct xenbus_watch *, const char **,
42 			    unsigned int);
43 static void xen_blkif_free(struct xen_blkif *blkif);
44 static void xen_vbd_free(struct xen_vbd *vbd);
45 
46 struct xenbus_device *xen_blkbk_xenbus(struct backend_info *be)
47 {
48 	return be->dev;
49 }
50 
51 /*
52  * The last request could free the device from softirq context and
53  * xen_blkif_free() can sleep.
54  */
55 static void xen_blkif_deferred_free(struct work_struct *work)
56 {
57 	struct xen_blkif *blkif;
58 
59 	blkif = container_of(work, struct xen_blkif, free_work);
60 	xen_blkif_free(blkif);
61 }
62 
63 static int blkback_name(struct xen_blkif *blkif, char *buf)
64 {
65 	char *devpath, *devname;
66 	struct xenbus_device *dev = blkif->be->dev;
67 
68 	devpath = xenbus_read(XBT_NIL, dev->nodename, "dev", NULL);
69 	if (IS_ERR(devpath))
70 		return PTR_ERR(devpath);
71 
72 	devname = strstr(devpath, "/dev/");
73 	if (devname != NULL)
74 		devname += strlen("/dev/");
75 	else
76 		devname  = devpath;
77 
78 	snprintf(buf, BLKBACK_NAME_LEN, "blkback.%d.%s", blkif->domid, devname);
79 	kfree(devpath);
80 
81 	return 0;
82 }
83 
84 static void xen_update_blkif_status(struct xen_blkif *blkif)
85 {
86 	int err;
87 	char name[BLKBACK_NAME_LEN];
88 
89 	/* Not ready to connect? */
90 	if (!blkif->irq || !blkif->vbd.bdev)
91 		return;
92 
93 	/* Already connected? */
94 	if (blkif->be->dev->state == XenbusStateConnected)
95 		return;
96 
97 	/* Attempt to connect: exit if we fail to. */
98 	connect(blkif->be);
99 	if (blkif->be->dev->state != XenbusStateConnected)
100 		return;
101 
102 	err = blkback_name(blkif, name);
103 	if (err) {
104 		xenbus_dev_error(blkif->be->dev, err, "get blkback dev name");
105 		return;
106 	}
107 
108 	err = filemap_write_and_wait(blkif->vbd.bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping);
109 	if (err) {
110 		xenbus_dev_error(blkif->be->dev, err, "block flush");
111 		return;
112 	}
113 	invalidate_inode_pages2(blkif->vbd.bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping);
114 
115 	blkif->xenblkd = kthread_run(xen_blkif_schedule, blkif, "%s", name);
116 	if (IS_ERR(blkif->xenblkd)) {
117 		err = PTR_ERR(blkif->xenblkd);
118 		blkif->xenblkd = NULL;
119 		xenbus_dev_error(blkif->be->dev, err, "start xenblkd");
120 		return;
121 	}
122 }
123 
124 static struct xen_blkif *xen_blkif_alloc(domid_t domid)
125 {
126 	struct xen_blkif *blkif;
127 	struct pending_req *req, *n;
128 	int i, j;
129 
130 	BUILD_BUG_ON(MAX_INDIRECT_PAGES > BLKIF_MAX_INDIRECT_PAGES_PER_REQUEST);
131 
132 	blkif = kmem_cache_zalloc(xen_blkif_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
133 	if (!blkif)
134 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
135 
136 	blkif->domid = domid;
137 	spin_lock_init(&blkif->blk_ring_lock);
138 	atomic_set(&blkif->refcnt, 1);
139 	init_waitqueue_head(&blkif->wq);
140 	init_completion(&blkif->drain_complete);
141 	atomic_set(&blkif->drain, 0);
142 	blkif->st_print = jiffies;
143 	blkif->persistent_gnts.rb_node = NULL;
144 	spin_lock_init(&blkif->free_pages_lock);
145 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&blkif->free_pages);
146 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&blkif->persistent_purge_list);
147 	blkif->free_pages_num = 0;
148 	atomic_set(&blkif->persistent_gnt_in_use, 0);
149 	atomic_set(&blkif->inflight, 0);
150 	INIT_WORK(&blkif->persistent_purge_work, xen_blkbk_unmap_purged_grants);
151 
152 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&blkif->pending_free);
153 	INIT_WORK(&blkif->free_work, xen_blkif_deferred_free);
154 
155 	for (i = 0; i < XEN_BLKIF_REQS; i++) {
156 		req = kzalloc(sizeof(*req), GFP_KERNEL);
157 		if (!req)
158 			goto fail;
159 		list_add_tail(&req->free_list,
160 		              &blkif->pending_free);
161 		for (j = 0; j < MAX_INDIRECT_SEGMENTS; j++) {
162 			req->segments[j] = kzalloc(sizeof(*req->segments[0]),
163 			                           GFP_KERNEL);
164 			if (!req->segments[j])
165 				goto fail;
166 		}
167 		for (j = 0; j < MAX_INDIRECT_PAGES; j++) {
168 			req->indirect_pages[j] = kzalloc(sizeof(*req->indirect_pages[0]),
169 			                                 GFP_KERNEL);
170 			if (!req->indirect_pages[j])
171 				goto fail;
172 		}
173 	}
174 	spin_lock_init(&blkif->pending_free_lock);
175 	init_waitqueue_head(&blkif->pending_free_wq);
176 	init_waitqueue_head(&blkif->shutdown_wq);
177 
178 	return blkif;
179 
180 fail:
181 	list_for_each_entry_safe(req, n, &blkif->pending_free, free_list) {
182 		list_del(&req->free_list);
183 		for (j = 0; j < MAX_INDIRECT_SEGMENTS; j++) {
184 			if (!req->segments[j])
185 				break;
186 			kfree(req->segments[j]);
187 		}
188 		for (j = 0; j < MAX_INDIRECT_PAGES; j++) {
189 			if (!req->indirect_pages[j])
190 				break;
191 			kfree(req->indirect_pages[j]);
192 		}
193 		kfree(req);
194 	}
195 
196 	kmem_cache_free(xen_blkif_cachep, blkif);
197 
198 	return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
199 }
200 
201 static int xen_blkif_map(struct xen_blkif *blkif, grant_ref_t gref,
202 			 unsigned int evtchn)
203 {
204 	int err;
205 
206 	/* Already connected through? */
207 	if (blkif->irq)
208 		return 0;
209 
210 	err = xenbus_map_ring_valloc(blkif->be->dev, &gref, 1,
211 				     &blkif->blk_ring);
212 	if (err < 0)
213 		return err;
214 
215 	switch (blkif->blk_protocol) {
216 	case BLKIF_PROTOCOL_NATIVE:
217 	{
218 		struct blkif_sring *sring;
219 		sring = (struct blkif_sring *)blkif->blk_ring;
220 		BACK_RING_INIT(&blkif->blk_rings.native, sring, PAGE_SIZE);
221 		break;
222 	}
223 	case BLKIF_PROTOCOL_X86_32:
224 	{
225 		struct blkif_x86_32_sring *sring_x86_32;
226 		sring_x86_32 = (struct blkif_x86_32_sring *)blkif->blk_ring;
227 		BACK_RING_INIT(&blkif->blk_rings.x86_32, sring_x86_32, PAGE_SIZE);
228 		break;
229 	}
230 	case BLKIF_PROTOCOL_X86_64:
231 	{
232 		struct blkif_x86_64_sring *sring_x86_64;
233 		sring_x86_64 = (struct blkif_x86_64_sring *)blkif->blk_ring;
234 		BACK_RING_INIT(&blkif->blk_rings.x86_64, sring_x86_64, PAGE_SIZE);
235 		break;
236 	}
237 	default:
238 		BUG();
239 	}
240 
241 	err = bind_interdomain_evtchn_to_irqhandler(blkif->domid, evtchn,
242 						    xen_blkif_be_int, 0,
243 						    "blkif-backend", blkif);
244 	if (err < 0) {
245 		xenbus_unmap_ring_vfree(blkif->be->dev, blkif->blk_ring);
246 		blkif->blk_rings.common.sring = NULL;
247 		return err;
248 	}
249 	blkif->irq = err;
250 
251 	return 0;
252 }
253 
254 static int xen_blkif_disconnect(struct xen_blkif *blkif)
255 {
256 	if (blkif->xenblkd) {
257 		kthread_stop(blkif->xenblkd);
258 		wake_up(&blkif->shutdown_wq);
259 		blkif->xenblkd = NULL;
260 	}
261 
262 	/* The above kthread_stop() guarantees that at this point we
263 	 * don't have any discard_io or other_io requests. So, checking
264 	 * for inflight IO is enough.
265 	 */
266 	if (atomic_read(&blkif->inflight) > 0)
267 		return -EBUSY;
268 
269 	if (blkif->irq) {
270 		unbind_from_irqhandler(blkif->irq, blkif);
271 		blkif->irq = 0;
272 	}
273 
274 	if (blkif->blk_rings.common.sring) {
275 		xenbus_unmap_ring_vfree(blkif->be->dev, blkif->blk_ring);
276 		blkif->blk_rings.common.sring = NULL;
277 	}
278 
279 	/* Remove all persistent grants and the cache of ballooned pages. */
280 	xen_blkbk_free_caches(blkif);
281 
282 	return 0;
283 }
284 
285 static void xen_blkif_free(struct xen_blkif *blkif)
286 {
287 	struct pending_req *req, *n;
288 	int i = 0, j;
289 
290 	xen_blkif_disconnect(blkif);
291 	xen_vbd_free(&blkif->vbd);
292 
293 	/* Make sure everything is drained before shutting down */
294 	BUG_ON(blkif->persistent_gnt_c != 0);
295 	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&blkif->persistent_gnt_in_use) != 0);
296 	BUG_ON(blkif->free_pages_num != 0);
297 	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&blkif->persistent_purge_list));
298 	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&blkif->free_pages));
299 	BUG_ON(!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&blkif->persistent_gnts));
300 
301 	/* Check that there is no request in use */
302 	list_for_each_entry_safe(req, n, &blkif->pending_free, free_list) {
303 		list_del(&req->free_list);
304 
305 		for (j = 0; j < MAX_INDIRECT_SEGMENTS; j++)
306 			kfree(req->segments[j]);
307 
308 		for (j = 0; j < MAX_INDIRECT_PAGES; j++)
309 			kfree(req->indirect_pages[j]);
310 
311 		kfree(req);
312 		i++;
313 	}
314 
315 	WARN_ON(i != XEN_BLKIF_REQS);
316 
317 	kmem_cache_free(xen_blkif_cachep, blkif);
318 }
319 
320 int __init xen_blkif_interface_init(void)
321 {
322 	xen_blkif_cachep = kmem_cache_create("blkif_cache",
323 					     sizeof(struct xen_blkif),
324 					     0, 0, NULL);
325 	if (!xen_blkif_cachep)
326 		return -ENOMEM;
327 
328 	return 0;
329 }
330 
331 /*
332  *  sysfs interface for VBD I/O requests
333  */
334 
335 #define VBD_SHOW(name, format, args...)					\
336 	static ssize_t show_##name(struct device *_dev,			\
337 				   struct device_attribute *attr,	\
338 				   char *buf)				\
339 	{								\
340 		struct xenbus_device *dev = to_xenbus_device(_dev);	\
341 		struct backend_info *be = dev_get_drvdata(&dev->dev);	\
342 									\
343 		return sprintf(buf, format, ##args);			\
344 	}								\
345 	static DEVICE_ATTR(name, S_IRUGO, show_##name, NULL)
346 
347 VBD_SHOW(oo_req,  "%llu\n", be->blkif->st_oo_req);
348 VBD_SHOW(rd_req,  "%llu\n", be->blkif->st_rd_req);
349 VBD_SHOW(wr_req,  "%llu\n", be->blkif->st_wr_req);
350 VBD_SHOW(f_req,  "%llu\n", be->blkif->st_f_req);
351 VBD_SHOW(ds_req,  "%llu\n", be->blkif->st_ds_req);
352 VBD_SHOW(rd_sect, "%llu\n", be->blkif->st_rd_sect);
353 VBD_SHOW(wr_sect, "%llu\n", be->blkif->st_wr_sect);
354 
355 static struct attribute *xen_vbdstat_attrs[] = {
356 	&dev_attr_oo_req.attr,
357 	&dev_attr_rd_req.attr,
358 	&dev_attr_wr_req.attr,
359 	&dev_attr_f_req.attr,
360 	&dev_attr_ds_req.attr,
361 	&dev_attr_rd_sect.attr,
362 	&dev_attr_wr_sect.attr,
363 	NULL
364 };
365 
366 static struct attribute_group xen_vbdstat_group = {
367 	.name = "statistics",
368 	.attrs = xen_vbdstat_attrs,
369 };
370 
371 VBD_SHOW(physical_device, "%x:%x\n", be->major, be->minor);
372 VBD_SHOW(mode, "%s\n", be->mode);
373 
374 static int xenvbd_sysfs_addif(struct xenbus_device *dev)
375 {
376 	int error;
377 
378 	error = device_create_file(&dev->dev, &dev_attr_physical_device);
379 	if (error)
380 		goto fail1;
381 
382 	error = device_create_file(&dev->dev, &dev_attr_mode);
383 	if (error)
384 		goto fail2;
385 
386 	error = sysfs_create_group(&dev->dev.kobj, &xen_vbdstat_group);
387 	if (error)
388 		goto fail3;
389 
390 	return 0;
391 
392 fail3:	sysfs_remove_group(&dev->dev.kobj, &xen_vbdstat_group);
393 fail2:	device_remove_file(&dev->dev, &dev_attr_mode);
394 fail1:	device_remove_file(&dev->dev, &dev_attr_physical_device);
395 	return error;
396 }
397 
398 static void xenvbd_sysfs_delif(struct xenbus_device *dev)
399 {
400 	sysfs_remove_group(&dev->dev.kobj, &xen_vbdstat_group);
401 	device_remove_file(&dev->dev, &dev_attr_mode);
402 	device_remove_file(&dev->dev, &dev_attr_physical_device);
403 }
404 
405 
406 static void xen_vbd_free(struct xen_vbd *vbd)
407 {
408 	if (vbd->bdev)
409 		blkdev_put(vbd->bdev, vbd->readonly ? FMODE_READ : FMODE_WRITE);
410 	vbd->bdev = NULL;
411 }
412 
413 static int xen_vbd_create(struct xen_blkif *blkif, blkif_vdev_t handle,
414 			  unsigned major, unsigned minor, int readonly,
415 			  int cdrom)
416 {
417 	struct xen_vbd *vbd;
418 	struct block_device *bdev;
419 	struct request_queue *q;
420 
421 	vbd = &blkif->vbd;
422 	vbd->handle   = handle;
423 	vbd->readonly = readonly;
424 	vbd->type     = 0;
425 
426 	vbd->pdevice  = MKDEV(major, minor);
427 
428 	bdev = blkdev_get_by_dev(vbd->pdevice, vbd->readonly ?
429 				 FMODE_READ : FMODE_WRITE, NULL);
430 
431 	if (IS_ERR(bdev)) {
432 		pr_warn("xen_vbd_create: device %08x could not be opened\n",
433 			vbd->pdevice);
434 		return -ENOENT;
435 	}
436 
437 	vbd->bdev = bdev;
438 	if (vbd->bdev->bd_disk == NULL) {
439 		pr_warn("xen_vbd_create: device %08x doesn't exist\n",
440 			vbd->pdevice);
441 		xen_vbd_free(vbd);
442 		return -ENOENT;
443 	}
444 	vbd->size = vbd_sz(vbd);
445 
446 	if (vbd->bdev->bd_disk->flags & GENHD_FL_CD || cdrom)
447 		vbd->type |= VDISK_CDROM;
448 	if (vbd->bdev->bd_disk->flags & GENHD_FL_REMOVABLE)
449 		vbd->type |= VDISK_REMOVABLE;
450 
451 	q = bdev_get_queue(bdev);
452 	if (q && q->flush_flags)
453 		vbd->flush_support = true;
454 
455 	if (q && blk_queue_secdiscard(q))
456 		vbd->discard_secure = true;
457 
458 	pr_debug("Successful creation of handle=%04x (dom=%u)\n",
459 		handle, blkif->domid);
460 	return 0;
461 }
462 static int xen_blkbk_remove(struct xenbus_device *dev)
463 {
464 	struct backend_info *be = dev_get_drvdata(&dev->dev);
465 
466 	pr_debug("%s %p %d\n", __func__, dev, dev->otherend_id);
467 
468 	if (be->major || be->minor)
469 		xenvbd_sysfs_delif(dev);
470 
471 	if (be->backend_watch.node) {
472 		unregister_xenbus_watch(&be->backend_watch);
473 		kfree(be->backend_watch.node);
474 		be->backend_watch.node = NULL;
475 	}
476 
477 	dev_set_drvdata(&dev->dev, NULL);
478 
479 	if (be->blkif) {
480 		xen_blkif_disconnect(be->blkif);
481 		xen_blkif_put(be->blkif);
482 	}
483 
484 	kfree(be->mode);
485 	kfree(be);
486 	return 0;
487 }
488 
489 int xen_blkbk_flush_diskcache(struct xenbus_transaction xbt,
490 			      struct backend_info *be, int state)
491 {
492 	struct xenbus_device *dev = be->dev;
493 	int err;
494 
495 	err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename, "feature-flush-cache",
496 			    "%d", state);
497 	if (err)
498 		dev_warn(&dev->dev, "writing feature-flush-cache (%d)", err);
499 
500 	return err;
501 }
502 
503 static void xen_blkbk_discard(struct xenbus_transaction xbt, struct backend_info *be)
504 {
505 	struct xenbus_device *dev = be->dev;
506 	struct xen_blkif *blkif = be->blkif;
507 	int err;
508 	int state = 0, discard_enable;
509 	struct block_device *bdev = be->blkif->vbd.bdev;
510 	struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bdev);
511 
512 	err = xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->nodename, "discard-enable", "%d",
513 			   &discard_enable);
514 	if (err == 1 && !discard_enable)
515 		return;
516 
517 	if (blk_queue_discard(q)) {
518 		err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename,
519 			"discard-granularity", "%u",
520 			q->limits.discard_granularity);
521 		if (err) {
522 			dev_warn(&dev->dev, "writing discard-granularity (%d)", err);
523 			return;
524 		}
525 		err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename,
526 			"discard-alignment", "%u",
527 			q->limits.discard_alignment);
528 		if (err) {
529 			dev_warn(&dev->dev, "writing discard-alignment (%d)", err);
530 			return;
531 		}
532 		state = 1;
533 		/* Optional. */
534 		err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename,
535 				    "discard-secure", "%d",
536 				    blkif->vbd.discard_secure);
537 		if (err) {
538 			dev_warn(&dev->dev, "writing discard-secure (%d)", err);
539 			return;
540 		}
541 	}
542 	err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename, "feature-discard",
543 			    "%d", state);
544 	if (err)
545 		dev_warn(&dev->dev, "writing feature-discard (%d)", err);
546 }
547 int xen_blkbk_barrier(struct xenbus_transaction xbt,
548 		      struct backend_info *be, int state)
549 {
550 	struct xenbus_device *dev = be->dev;
551 	int err;
552 
553 	err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename, "feature-barrier",
554 			    "%d", state);
555 	if (err)
556 		dev_warn(&dev->dev, "writing feature-barrier (%d)", err);
557 
558 	return err;
559 }
560 
561 /*
562  * Entry point to this code when a new device is created.  Allocate the basic
563  * structures, and watch the store waiting for the hotplug scripts to tell us
564  * the device's physical major and minor numbers.  Switch to InitWait.
565  */
566 static int xen_blkbk_probe(struct xenbus_device *dev,
567 			   const struct xenbus_device_id *id)
568 {
569 	int err;
570 	struct backend_info *be = kzalloc(sizeof(struct backend_info),
571 					  GFP_KERNEL);
572 
573 	/* match the pr_debug in xen_blkbk_remove */
574 	pr_debug("%s %p %d\n", __func__, dev, dev->otherend_id);
575 
576 	if (!be) {
577 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, -ENOMEM,
578 				 "allocating backend structure");
579 		return -ENOMEM;
580 	}
581 	be->dev = dev;
582 	dev_set_drvdata(&dev->dev, be);
583 
584 	be->blkif = xen_blkif_alloc(dev->otherend_id);
585 	if (IS_ERR(be->blkif)) {
586 		err = PTR_ERR(be->blkif);
587 		be->blkif = NULL;
588 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "creating block interface");
589 		goto fail;
590 	}
591 
592 	/* setup back pointer */
593 	be->blkif->be = be;
594 
595 	err = xenbus_watch_pathfmt(dev, &be->backend_watch, backend_changed,
596 				   "%s/%s", dev->nodename, "physical-device");
597 	if (err)
598 		goto fail;
599 
600 	err = xenbus_switch_state(dev, XenbusStateInitWait);
601 	if (err)
602 		goto fail;
603 
604 	return 0;
605 
606 fail:
607 	pr_warn("%s failed\n", __func__);
608 	xen_blkbk_remove(dev);
609 	return err;
610 }
611 
612 
613 /*
614  * Callback received when the hotplug scripts have placed the physical-device
615  * node.  Read it and the mode node, and create a vbd.  If the frontend is
616  * ready, connect.
617  */
618 static void backend_changed(struct xenbus_watch *watch,
619 			    const char **vec, unsigned int len)
620 {
621 	int err;
622 	unsigned major;
623 	unsigned minor;
624 	struct backend_info *be
625 		= container_of(watch, struct backend_info, backend_watch);
626 	struct xenbus_device *dev = be->dev;
627 	int cdrom = 0;
628 	unsigned long handle;
629 	char *device_type;
630 
631 	pr_debug("%s %p %d\n", __func__, dev, dev->otherend_id);
632 
633 	err = xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->nodename, "physical-device", "%x:%x",
634 			   &major, &minor);
635 	if (XENBUS_EXIST_ERR(err)) {
636 		/*
637 		 * Since this watch will fire once immediately after it is
638 		 * registered, we expect this.  Ignore it, and wait for the
639 		 * hotplug scripts.
640 		 */
641 		return;
642 	}
643 	if (err != 2) {
644 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "reading physical-device");
645 		return;
646 	}
647 
648 	if (be->major | be->minor) {
649 		if (be->major != major || be->minor != minor)
650 			pr_warn("changing physical device (from %x:%x to %x:%x) not supported.\n",
651 				be->major, be->minor, major, minor);
652 		return;
653 	}
654 
655 	be->mode = xenbus_read(XBT_NIL, dev->nodename, "mode", NULL);
656 	if (IS_ERR(be->mode)) {
657 		err = PTR_ERR(be->mode);
658 		be->mode = NULL;
659 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "reading mode");
660 		return;
661 	}
662 
663 	device_type = xenbus_read(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend, "device-type", NULL);
664 	if (!IS_ERR(device_type)) {
665 		cdrom = strcmp(device_type, "cdrom") == 0;
666 		kfree(device_type);
667 	}
668 
669 	/* Front end dir is a number, which is used as the handle. */
670 	err = kstrtoul(strrchr(dev->otherend, '/') + 1, 0, &handle);
671 	if (err)
672 		return;
673 
674 	be->major = major;
675 	be->minor = minor;
676 
677 	err = xen_vbd_create(be->blkif, handle, major, minor,
678 			     !strchr(be->mode, 'w'), cdrom);
679 
680 	if (err)
681 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "creating vbd structure");
682 	else {
683 		err = xenvbd_sysfs_addif(dev);
684 		if (err) {
685 			xen_vbd_free(&be->blkif->vbd);
686 			xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "creating sysfs entries");
687 		}
688 	}
689 
690 	if (err) {
691 		kfree(be->mode);
692 		be->mode = NULL;
693 		be->major = 0;
694 		be->minor = 0;
695 	} else {
696 		/* We're potentially connected now */
697 		xen_update_blkif_status(be->blkif);
698 	}
699 }
700 
701 
702 /*
703  * Callback received when the frontend's state changes.
704  */
705 static void frontend_changed(struct xenbus_device *dev,
706 			     enum xenbus_state frontend_state)
707 {
708 	struct backend_info *be = dev_get_drvdata(&dev->dev);
709 	int err;
710 
711 	pr_debug("%s %p %s\n", __func__, dev, xenbus_strstate(frontend_state));
712 
713 	switch (frontend_state) {
714 	case XenbusStateInitialising:
715 		if (dev->state == XenbusStateClosed) {
716 			pr_info("%s: prepare for reconnect\n", dev->nodename);
717 			xenbus_switch_state(dev, XenbusStateInitWait);
718 		}
719 		break;
720 
721 	case XenbusStateInitialised:
722 	case XenbusStateConnected:
723 		/*
724 		 * Ensure we connect even when two watches fire in
725 		 * close succession and we miss the intermediate value
726 		 * of frontend_state.
727 		 */
728 		if (dev->state == XenbusStateConnected)
729 			break;
730 
731 		/*
732 		 * Enforce precondition before potential leak point.
733 		 * xen_blkif_disconnect() is idempotent.
734 		 */
735 		err = xen_blkif_disconnect(be->blkif);
736 		if (err) {
737 			xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "pending I/O");
738 			break;
739 		}
740 
741 		err = connect_ring(be);
742 		if (err)
743 			break;
744 		xen_update_blkif_status(be->blkif);
745 		break;
746 
747 	case XenbusStateClosing:
748 		xenbus_switch_state(dev, XenbusStateClosing);
749 		break;
750 
751 	case XenbusStateClosed:
752 		xen_blkif_disconnect(be->blkif);
753 		xenbus_switch_state(dev, XenbusStateClosed);
754 		if (xenbus_dev_is_online(dev))
755 			break;
756 		/* fall through if not online */
757 	case XenbusStateUnknown:
758 		/* implies xen_blkif_disconnect() via xen_blkbk_remove() */
759 		device_unregister(&dev->dev);
760 		break;
761 
762 	default:
763 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, -EINVAL, "saw state %d at frontend",
764 				 frontend_state);
765 		break;
766 	}
767 }
768 
769 
770 /* ** Connection ** */
771 
772 
773 /*
774  * Write the physical details regarding the block device to the store, and
775  * switch to Connected state.
776  */
777 static void connect(struct backend_info *be)
778 {
779 	struct xenbus_transaction xbt;
780 	int err;
781 	struct xenbus_device *dev = be->dev;
782 
783 	pr_debug("%s %s\n", __func__, dev->otherend);
784 
785 	/* Supply the information about the device the frontend needs */
786 again:
787 	err = xenbus_transaction_start(&xbt);
788 	if (err) {
789 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "starting transaction");
790 		return;
791 	}
792 
793 	/* If we can't advertise it is OK. */
794 	xen_blkbk_flush_diskcache(xbt, be, be->blkif->vbd.flush_support);
795 
796 	xen_blkbk_discard(xbt, be);
797 
798 	xen_blkbk_barrier(xbt, be, be->blkif->vbd.flush_support);
799 
800 	err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename, "feature-persistent", "%u", 1);
801 	if (err) {
802 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "writing %s/feature-persistent",
803 				 dev->nodename);
804 		goto abort;
805 	}
806 	err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename, "feature-max-indirect-segments", "%u",
807 			    MAX_INDIRECT_SEGMENTS);
808 	if (err)
809 		dev_warn(&dev->dev, "writing %s/feature-max-indirect-segments (%d)",
810 			 dev->nodename, err);
811 
812 	err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename, "sectors", "%llu",
813 			    (unsigned long long)vbd_sz(&be->blkif->vbd));
814 	if (err) {
815 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "writing %s/sectors",
816 				 dev->nodename);
817 		goto abort;
818 	}
819 
820 	/* FIXME: use a typename instead */
821 	err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename, "info", "%u",
822 			    be->blkif->vbd.type |
823 			    (be->blkif->vbd.readonly ? VDISK_READONLY : 0));
824 	if (err) {
825 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "writing %s/info",
826 				 dev->nodename);
827 		goto abort;
828 	}
829 	err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename, "sector-size", "%lu",
830 			    (unsigned long)
831 			    bdev_logical_block_size(be->blkif->vbd.bdev));
832 	if (err) {
833 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "writing %s/sector-size",
834 				 dev->nodename);
835 		goto abort;
836 	}
837 	err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename, "physical-sector-size", "%u",
838 			    bdev_physical_block_size(be->blkif->vbd.bdev));
839 	if (err)
840 		xenbus_dev_error(dev, err, "writing %s/physical-sector-size",
841 				 dev->nodename);
842 
843 	err = xenbus_transaction_end(xbt, 0);
844 	if (err == -EAGAIN)
845 		goto again;
846 	if (err)
847 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "ending transaction");
848 
849 	err = xenbus_switch_state(dev, XenbusStateConnected);
850 	if (err)
851 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "%s: switching to Connected state",
852 				 dev->nodename);
853 
854 	return;
855  abort:
856 	xenbus_transaction_end(xbt, 1);
857 }
858 
859 
860 static int connect_ring(struct backend_info *be)
861 {
862 	struct xenbus_device *dev = be->dev;
863 	unsigned long ring_ref;
864 	unsigned int evtchn;
865 	unsigned int pers_grants;
866 	char protocol[64] = "";
867 	int err;
868 
869 	pr_debug("%s %s\n", __func__, dev->otherend);
870 
871 	err = xenbus_gather(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend, "ring-ref", "%lu",
872 			    &ring_ref, "event-channel", "%u", &evtchn, NULL);
873 	if (err) {
874 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err,
875 				 "reading %s/ring-ref and event-channel",
876 				 dev->otherend);
877 		return err;
878 	}
879 
880 	be->blkif->blk_protocol = BLKIF_PROTOCOL_DEFAULT;
881 	err = xenbus_gather(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend, "protocol",
882 			    "%63s", protocol, NULL);
883 	if (err)
884 		strcpy(protocol, "unspecified, assuming default");
885 	else if (0 == strcmp(protocol, XEN_IO_PROTO_ABI_NATIVE))
886 		be->blkif->blk_protocol = BLKIF_PROTOCOL_NATIVE;
887 	else if (0 == strcmp(protocol, XEN_IO_PROTO_ABI_X86_32))
888 		be->blkif->blk_protocol = BLKIF_PROTOCOL_X86_32;
889 	else if (0 == strcmp(protocol, XEN_IO_PROTO_ABI_X86_64))
890 		be->blkif->blk_protocol = BLKIF_PROTOCOL_X86_64;
891 	else {
892 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "unknown fe protocol %s", protocol);
893 		return -1;
894 	}
895 	err = xenbus_gather(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend,
896 			    "feature-persistent", "%u",
897 			    &pers_grants, NULL);
898 	if (err)
899 		pers_grants = 0;
900 
901 	be->blkif->vbd.feature_gnt_persistent = pers_grants;
902 	be->blkif->vbd.overflow_max_grants = 0;
903 
904 	pr_info("ring-ref %ld, event-channel %d, protocol %d (%s) %s\n",
905 		ring_ref, evtchn, be->blkif->blk_protocol, protocol,
906 		pers_grants ? "persistent grants" : "");
907 
908 	/* Map the shared frame, irq etc. */
909 	err = xen_blkif_map(be->blkif, ring_ref, evtchn);
910 	if (err) {
911 		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "mapping ring-ref %lu port %u",
912 				 ring_ref, evtchn);
913 		return err;
914 	}
915 
916 	return 0;
917 }
918 
919 static const struct xenbus_device_id xen_blkbk_ids[] = {
920 	{ "vbd" },
921 	{ "" }
922 };
923 
924 static struct xenbus_driver xen_blkbk_driver = {
925 	.ids  = xen_blkbk_ids,
926 	.probe = xen_blkbk_probe,
927 	.remove = xen_blkbk_remove,
928 	.otherend_changed = frontend_changed
929 };
930 
931 int xen_blkif_xenbus_init(void)
932 {
933 	return xenbus_register_backend(&xen_blkbk_driver);
934 }
935