xref: /openbmc/linux/drivers/auxdisplay/charlcd.c (revision 42bc47b3)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * Character LCD driver for Linux
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) 2000-2008, Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
6  * Copyright (C) 2016-2017 Glider bvba
7  */
8 
9 #include <linux/atomic.h>
10 #include <linux/ctype.h>
11 #include <linux/delay.h>
12 #include <linux/fs.h>
13 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
14 #include <linux/module.h>
15 #include <linux/notifier.h>
16 #include <linux/reboot.h>
17 #include <linux/slab.h>
18 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
19 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
20 
21 #include <generated/utsrelease.h>
22 
23 #include <misc/charlcd.h>
24 
25 #define LCD_MINOR		156
26 
27 #define DEFAULT_LCD_BWIDTH      40
28 #define DEFAULT_LCD_HWIDTH      64
29 
30 /* Keep the backlight on this many seconds for each flash */
31 #define LCD_BL_TEMPO_PERIOD	4
32 
33 #define LCD_FLAG_B		0x0004	/* Blink on */
34 #define LCD_FLAG_C		0x0008	/* Cursor on */
35 #define LCD_FLAG_D		0x0010	/* Display on */
36 #define LCD_FLAG_F		0x0020	/* Large font mode */
37 #define LCD_FLAG_N		0x0040	/* 2-rows mode */
38 #define LCD_FLAG_L		0x0080	/* Backlight enabled */
39 
40 /* LCD commands */
41 #define LCD_CMD_DISPLAY_CLEAR	0x01	/* Clear entire display */
42 
43 #define LCD_CMD_ENTRY_MODE	0x04	/* Set entry mode */
44 #define LCD_CMD_CURSOR_INC	0x02	/* Increment cursor */
45 
46 #define LCD_CMD_DISPLAY_CTRL	0x08	/* Display control */
47 #define LCD_CMD_DISPLAY_ON	0x04	/* Set display on */
48 #define LCD_CMD_CURSOR_ON	0x02	/* Set cursor on */
49 #define LCD_CMD_BLINK_ON	0x01	/* Set blink on */
50 
51 #define LCD_CMD_SHIFT		0x10	/* Shift cursor/display */
52 #define LCD_CMD_DISPLAY_SHIFT	0x08	/* Shift display instead of cursor */
53 #define LCD_CMD_SHIFT_RIGHT	0x04	/* Shift display/cursor to the right */
54 
55 #define LCD_CMD_FUNCTION_SET	0x20	/* Set function */
56 #define LCD_CMD_DATA_LEN_8BITS	0x10	/* Set data length to 8 bits */
57 #define LCD_CMD_TWO_LINES	0x08	/* Set to two display lines */
58 #define LCD_CMD_FONT_5X10_DOTS	0x04	/* Set char font to 5x10 dots */
59 
60 #define LCD_CMD_SET_CGRAM_ADDR	0x40	/* Set char generator RAM address */
61 
62 #define LCD_CMD_SET_DDRAM_ADDR	0x80	/* Set display data RAM address */
63 
64 #define LCD_ESCAPE_LEN		24	/* Max chars for LCD escape command */
65 #define LCD_ESCAPE_CHAR		27	/* Use char 27 for escape command */
66 
67 struct charlcd_priv {
68 	struct charlcd lcd;
69 
70 	struct delayed_work bl_work;
71 	struct mutex bl_tempo_lock;	/* Protects access to bl_tempo */
72 	bool bl_tempo;
73 
74 	bool must_clear;
75 
76 	/* contains the LCD config state */
77 	unsigned long int flags;
78 
79 	/* Contains the LCD X and Y offset */
80 	struct {
81 		unsigned long int x;
82 		unsigned long int y;
83 	} addr;
84 
85 	/* Current escape sequence and it's length or -1 if outside */
86 	struct {
87 		char buf[LCD_ESCAPE_LEN + 1];
88 		int len;
89 	} esc_seq;
90 
91 	unsigned long long drvdata[0];
92 };
93 
94 #define to_priv(p)	container_of(p, struct charlcd_priv, lcd)
95 
96 /* Device single-open policy control */
97 static atomic_t charlcd_available = ATOMIC_INIT(1);
98 
99 /* sleeps that many milliseconds with a reschedule */
100 static void long_sleep(int ms)
101 {
102 	if (in_interrupt())
103 		mdelay(ms);
104 	else
105 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(msecs_to_jiffies(ms));
106 }
107 
108 /* turn the backlight on or off */
109 static void charlcd_backlight(struct charlcd *lcd, int on)
110 {
111 	struct charlcd_priv *priv = to_priv(lcd);
112 
113 	if (!lcd->ops->backlight)
114 		return;
115 
116 	mutex_lock(&priv->bl_tempo_lock);
117 	if (!priv->bl_tempo)
118 		lcd->ops->backlight(lcd, on);
119 	mutex_unlock(&priv->bl_tempo_lock);
120 }
121 
122 static void charlcd_bl_off(struct work_struct *work)
123 {
124 	struct delayed_work *dwork = to_delayed_work(work);
125 	struct charlcd_priv *priv =
126 		container_of(dwork, struct charlcd_priv, bl_work);
127 
128 	mutex_lock(&priv->bl_tempo_lock);
129 	if (priv->bl_tempo) {
130 		priv->bl_tempo = false;
131 		if (!(priv->flags & LCD_FLAG_L))
132 			priv->lcd.ops->backlight(&priv->lcd, 0);
133 	}
134 	mutex_unlock(&priv->bl_tempo_lock);
135 }
136 
137 /* turn the backlight on for a little while */
138 void charlcd_poke(struct charlcd *lcd)
139 {
140 	struct charlcd_priv *priv = to_priv(lcd);
141 
142 	if (!lcd->ops->backlight)
143 		return;
144 
145 	cancel_delayed_work_sync(&priv->bl_work);
146 
147 	mutex_lock(&priv->bl_tempo_lock);
148 	if (!priv->bl_tempo && !(priv->flags & LCD_FLAG_L))
149 		lcd->ops->backlight(lcd, 1);
150 	priv->bl_tempo = true;
151 	schedule_delayed_work(&priv->bl_work, LCD_BL_TEMPO_PERIOD * HZ);
152 	mutex_unlock(&priv->bl_tempo_lock);
153 }
154 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(charlcd_poke);
155 
156 static void charlcd_gotoxy(struct charlcd *lcd)
157 {
158 	struct charlcd_priv *priv = to_priv(lcd);
159 	unsigned int addr;
160 
161 	/*
162 	 * we force the cursor to stay at the end of the
163 	 * line if it wants to go farther
164 	 */
165 	addr = priv->addr.x < lcd->bwidth ? priv->addr.x & (lcd->hwidth - 1)
166 					  : lcd->bwidth - 1;
167 	if (priv->addr.y & 1)
168 		addr += lcd->hwidth;
169 	if (priv->addr.y & 2)
170 		addr += lcd->bwidth;
171 	lcd->ops->write_cmd(lcd, LCD_CMD_SET_DDRAM_ADDR | addr);
172 }
173 
174 static void charlcd_home(struct charlcd *lcd)
175 {
176 	struct charlcd_priv *priv = to_priv(lcd);
177 
178 	priv->addr.x = 0;
179 	priv->addr.y = 0;
180 	charlcd_gotoxy(lcd);
181 }
182 
183 static void charlcd_print(struct charlcd *lcd, char c)
184 {
185 	struct charlcd_priv *priv = to_priv(lcd);
186 
187 	if (priv->addr.x < lcd->bwidth) {
188 		if (lcd->char_conv)
189 			c = lcd->char_conv[(unsigned char)c];
190 		lcd->ops->write_data(lcd, c);
191 		priv->addr.x++;
192 
193 		/* prevents the cursor from wrapping onto the next line */
194 		if (priv->addr.x == lcd->bwidth)
195 			charlcd_gotoxy(lcd);
196 	}
197 }
198 
199 static void charlcd_clear_fast(struct charlcd *lcd)
200 {
201 	int pos;
202 
203 	charlcd_home(lcd);
204 
205 	if (lcd->ops->clear_fast)
206 		lcd->ops->clear_fast(lcd);
207 	else
208 		for (pos = 0; pos < min(2, lcd->height) * lcd->hwidth; pos++)
209 			lcd->ops->write_data(lcd, ' ');
210 
211 	charlcd_home(lcd);
212 }
213 
214 /* clears the display and resets X/Y */
215 static void charlcd_clear_display(struct charlcd *lcd)
216 {
217 	struct charlcd_priv *priv = to_priv(lcd);
218 
219 	lcd->ops->write_cmd(lcd, LCD_CMD_DISPLAY_CLEAR);
220 	priv->addr.x = 0;
221 	priv->addr.y = 0;
222 	/* we must wait a few milliseconds (15) */
223 	long_sleep(15);
224 }
225 
226 static int charlcd_init_display(struct charlcd *lcd)
227 {
228 	void (*write_cmd_raw)(struct charlcd *lcd, int cmd);
229 	struct charlcd_priv *priv = to_priv(lcd);
230 	u8 init;
231 
232 	if (lcd->ifwidth != 4 && lcd->ifwidth != 8)
233 		return -EINVAL;
234 
235 	priv->flags = ((lcd->height > 1) ? LCD_FLAG_N : 0) | LCD_FLAG_D |
236 		      LCD_FLAG_C | LCD_FLAG_B;
237 
238 	long_sleep(20);		/* wait 20 ms after power-up for the paranoid */
239 
240 	/*
241 	 * 8-bit mode, 1 line, small fonts; let's do it 3 times, to make sure
242 	 * the LCD is in 8-bit mode afterwards
243 	 */
244 	init = LCD_CMD_FUNCTION_SET | LCD_CMD_DATA_LEN_8BITS;
245 	if (lcd->ifwidth == 4) {
246 		init >>= 4;
247 		write_cmd_raw = lcd->ops->write_cmd_raw4;
248 	} else {
249 		write_cmd_raw = lcd->ops->write_cmd;
250 	}
251 	write_cmd_raw(lcd, init);
252 	long_sleep(10);
253 	write_cmd_raw(lcd, init);
254 	long_sleep(10);
255 	write_cmd_raw(lcd, init);
256 	long_sleep(10);
257 
258 	if (lcd->ifwidth == 4) {
259 		/* Switch to 4-bit mode, 1 line, small fonts */
260 		lcd->ops->write_cmd_raw4(lcd, LCD_CMD_FUNCTION_SET >> 4);
261 		long_sleep(10);
262 	}
263 
264 	/* set font height and lines number */
265 	lcd->ops->write_cmd(lcd,
266 		LCD_CMD_FUNCTION_SET |
267 		((lcd->ifwidth == 8) ? LCD_CMD_DATA_LEN_8BITS : 0) |
268 		((priv->flags & LCD_FLAG_F) ? LCD_CMD_FONT_5X10_DOTS : 0) |
269 		((priv->flags & LCD_FLAG_N) ? LCD_CMD_TWO_LINES : 0));
270 	long_sleep(10);
271 
272 	/* display off, cursor off, blink off */
273 	lcd->ops->write_cmd(lcd, LCD_CMD_DISPLAY_CTRL);
274 	long_sleep(10);
275 
276 	lcd->ops->write_cmd(lcd,
277 		LCD_CMD_DISPLAY_CTRL |	/* set display mode */
278 		((priv->flags & LCD_FLAG_D) ? LCD_CMD_DISPLAY_ON : 0) |
279 		((priv->flags & LCD_FLAG_C) ? LCD_CMD_CURSOR_ON : 0) |
280 		((priv->flags & LCD_FLAG_B) ? LCD_CMD_BLINK_ON : 0));
281 
282 	charlcd_backlight(lcd, (priv->flags & LCD_FLAG_L) ? 1 : 0);
283 
284 	long_sleep(10);
285 
286 	/* entry mode set : increment, cursor shifting */
287 	lcd->ops->write_cmd(lcd, LCD_CMD_ENTRY_MODE | LCD_CMD_CURSOR_INC);
288 
289 	charlcd_clear_display(lcd);
290 	return 0;
291 }
292 
293 /*
294  * Parses an unsigned integer from a string, until a non-digit character
295  * is found. The empty string is not accepted. No overflow checks are done.
296  *
297  * Returns whether the parsing was successful. Only in that case
298  * the output parameters are written to.
299  *
300  * TODO: If the kernel adds an inplace version of kstrtoul(), this function
301  * could be easily replaced by that.
302  */
303 static bool parse_n(const char *s, unsigned long *res, const char **next_s)
304 {
305 	if (!isdigit(*s))
306 		return false;
307 
308 	*res = 0;
309 	while (isdigit(*s)) {
310 		*res = *res * 10 + (*s - '0');
311 		++s;
312 	}
313 
314 	*next_s = s;
315 	return true;
316 }
317 
318 /*
319  * Parses a movement command of the form "(.*);", where the group can be
320  * any number of subcommands of the form "(x|y)[0-9]+".
321  *
322  * Returns whether the command is valid. The position arguments are
323  * only written if the parsing was successful.
324  *
325  * For instance:
326  *   - ";"          returns (<original x>, <original y>).
327  *   - "x1;"        returns (1, <original y>).
328  *   - "y2x1;"      returns (1, 2).
329  *   - "x12y34x56;" returns (56, 34).
330  *   - ""           fails.
331  *   - "x"          fails.
332  *   - "x;"         fails.
333  *   - "x1"         fails.
334  *   - "xy12;"      fails.
335  *   - "x12yy12;"   fails.
336  *   - "xx"         fails.
337  */
338 static bool parse_xy(const char *s, unsigned long *x, unsigned long *y)
339 {
340 	unsigned long new_x = *x;
341 	unsigned long new_y = *y;
342 
343 	for (;;) {
344 		if (!*s)
345 			return false;
346 
347 		if (*s == ';')
348 			break;
349 
350 		if (*s == 'x') {
351 			if (!parse_n(s + 1, &new_x, &s))
352 				return false;
353 		} else if (*s == 'y') {
354 			if (!parse_n(s + 1, &new_y, &s))
355 				return false;
356 		} else {
357 			return false;
358 		}
359 	}
360 
361 	*x = new_x;
362 	*y = new_y;
363 	return true;
364 }
365 
366 /*
367  * These are the file operation function for user access to /dev/lcd
368  * This function can also be called from inside the kernel, by
369  * setting file and ppos to NULL.
370  *
371  */
372 
373 static inline int handle_lcd_special_code(struct charlcd *lcd)
374 {
375 	struct charlcd_priv *priv = to_priv(lcd);
376 
377 	/* LCD special codes */
378 
379 	int processed = 0;
380 
381 	char *esc = priv->esc_seq.buf + 2;
382 	int oldflags = priv->flags;
383 
384 	/* check for display mode flags */
385 	switch (*esc) {
386 	case 'D':	/* Display ON */
387 		priv->flags |= LCD_FLAG_D;
388 		processed = 1;
389 		break;
390 	case 'd':	/* Display OFF */
391 		priv->flags &= ~LCD_FLAG_D;
392 		processed = 1;
393 		break;
394 	case 'C':	/* Cursor ON */
395 		priv->flags |= LCD_FLAG_C;
396 		processed = 1;
397 		break;
398 	case 'c':	/* Cursor OFF */
399 		priv->flags &= ~LCD_FLAG_C;
400 		processed = 1;
401 		break;
402 	case 'B':	/* Blink ON */
403 		priv->flags |= LCD_FLAG_B;
404 		processed = 1;
405 		break;
406 	case 'b':	/* Blink OFF */
407 		priv->flags &= ~LCD_FLAG_B;
408 		processed = 1;
409 		break;
410 	case '+':	/* Back light ON */
411 		priv->flags |= LCD_FLAG_L;
412 		processed = 1;
413 		break;
414 	case '-':	/* Back light OFF */
415 		priv->flags &= ~LCD_FLAG_L;
416 		processed = 1;
417 		break;
418 	case '*':	/* Flash back light */
419 		charlcd_poke(lcd);
420 		processed = 1;
421 		break;
422 	case 'f':	/* Small Font */
423 		priv->flags &= ~LCD_FLAG_F;
424 		processed = 1;
425 		break;
426 	case 'F':	/* Large Font */
427 		priv->flags |= LCD_FLAG_F;
428 		processed = 1;
429 		break;
430 	case 'n':	/* One Line */
431 		priv->flags &= ~LCD_FLAG_N;
432 		processed = 1;
433 		break;
434 	case 'N':	/* Two Lines */
435 		priv->flags |= LCD_FLAG_N;
436 		processed = 1;
437 		break;
438 	case 'l':	/* Shift Cursor Left */
439 		if (priv->addr.x > 0) {
440 			/* back one char if not at end of line */
441 			if (priv->addr.x < lcd->bwidth)
442 				lcd->ops->write_cmd(lcd, LCD_CMD_SHIFT);
443 			priv->addr.x--;
444 		}
445 		processed = 1;
446 		break;
447 	case 'r':	/* shift cursor right */
448 		if (priv->addr.x < lcd->width) {
449 			/* allow the cursor to pass the end of the line */
450 			if (priv->addr.x < (lcd->bwidth - 1))
451 				lcd->ops->write_cmd(lcd,
452 					LCD_CMD_SHIFT | LCD_CMD_SHIFT_RIGHT);
453 			priv->addr.x++;
454 		}
455 		processed = 1;
456 		break;
457 	case 'L':	/* shift display left */
458 		lcd->ops->write_cmd(lcd, LCD_CMD_SHIFT | LCD_CMD_DISPLAY_SHIFT);
459 		processed = 1;
460 		break;
461 	case 'R':	/* shift display right */
462 		lcd->ops->write_cmd(lcd,
463 				    LCD_CMD_SHIFT | LCD_CMD_DISPLAY_SHIFT |
464 				    LCD_CMD_SHIFT_RIGHT);
465 		processed = 1;
466 		break;
467 	case 'k': {	/* kill end of line */
468 		int x;
469 
470 		for (x = priv->addr.x; x < lcd->bwidth; x++)
471 			lcd->ops->write_data(lcd, ' ');
472 
473 		/* restore cursor position */
474 		charlcd_gotoxy(lcd);
475 		processed = 1;
476 		break;
477 	}
478 	case 'I':	/* reinitialize display */
479 		charlcd_init_display(lcd);
480 		processed = 1;
481 		break;
482 	case 'G': {
483 		/* Generator : LGcxxxxx...xx; must have <c> between '0'
484 		 * and '7', representing the numerical ASCII code of the
485 		 * redefined character, and <xx...xx> a sequence of 16
486 		 * hex digits representing 8 bytes for each character.
487 		 * Most LCDs will only use 5 lower bits of the 7 first
488 		 * bytes.
489 		 */
490 
491 		unsigned char cgbytes[8];
492 		unsigned char cgaddr;
493 		int cgoffset;
494 		int shift;
495 		char value;
496 		int addr;
497 
498 		if (!strchr(esc, ';'))
499 			break;
500 
501 		esc++;
502 
503 		cgaddr = *(esc++) - '0';
504 		if (cgaddr > 7) {
505 			processed = 1;
506 			break;
507 		}
508 
509 		cgoffset = 0;
510 		shift = 0;
511 		value = 0;
512 		while (*esc && cgoffset < 8) {
513 			shift ^= 4;
514 			if (*esc >= '0' && *esc <= '9') {
515 				value |= (*esc - '0') << shift;
516 			} else if (*esc >= 'A' && *esc <= 'F') {
517 				value |= (*esc - 'A' + 10) << shift;
518 			} else if (*esc >= 'a' && *esc <= 'f') {
519 				value |= (*esc - 'a' + 10) << shift;
520 			} else {
521 				esc++;
522 				continue;
523 			}
524 
525 			if (shift == 0) {
526 				cgbytes[cgoffset++] = value;
527 				value = 0;
528 			}
529 
530 			esc++;
531 		}
532 
533 		lcd->ops->write_cmd(lcd, LCD_CMD_SET_CGRAM_ADDR | (cgaddr * 8));
534 		for (addr = 0; addr < cgoffset; addr++)
535 			lcd->ops->write_data(lcd, cgbytes[addr]);
536 
537 		/* ensures that we stop writing to CGRAM */
538 		charlcd_gotoxy(lcd);
539 		processed = 1;
540 		break;
541 	}
542 	case 'x':	/* gotoxy : LxXXX[yYYY]; */
543 	case 'y':	/* gotoxy : LyYYY[xXXX]; */
544 		/* If the command is valid, move to the new address */
545 		if (parse_xy(esc, &priv->addr.x, &priv->addr.y))
546 			charlcd_gotoxy(lcd);
547 
548 		/* Regardless of its validity, mark as processed */
549 		processed = 1;
550 		break;
551 	}
552 
553 	/* TODO: This indent party here got ugly, clean it! */
554 	/* Check whether one flag was changed */
555 	if (oldflags == priv->flags)
556 		return processed;
557 
558 	/* check whether one of B,C,D flags were changed */
559 	if ((oldflags ^ priv->flags) &
560 	    (LCD_FLAG_B | LCD_FLAG_C | LCD_FLAG_D))
561 		/* set display mode */
562 		lcd->ops->write_cmd(lcd,
563 			LCD_CMD_DISPLAY_CTRL |
564 			((priv->flags & LCD_FLAG_D) ? LCD_CMD_DISPLAY_ON : 0) |
565 			((priv->flags & LCD_FLAG_C) ? LCD_CMD_CURSOR_ON : 0) |
566 			((priv->flags & LCD_FLAG_B) ? LCD_CMD_BLINK_ON : 0));
567 	/* check whether one of F,N flags was changed */
568 	else if ((oldflags ^ priv->flags) & (LCD_FLAG_F | LCD_FLAG_N))
569 		lcd->ops->write_cmd(lcd,
570 			LCD_CMD_FUNCTION_SET |
571 			((lcd->ifwidth == 8) ? LCD_CMD_DATA_LEN_8BITS : 0) |
572 			((priv->flags & LCD_FLAG_F) ? LCD_CMD_FONT_5X10_DOTS : 0) |
573 			((priv->flags & LCD_FLAG_N) ? LCD_CMD_TWO_LINES : 0));
574 	/* check whether L flag was changed */
575 	else if ((oldflags ^ priv->flags) & LCD_FLAG_L)
576 		charlcd_backlight(lcd, !!(priv->flags & LCD_FLAG_L));
577 
578 	return processed;
579 }
580 
581 static void charlcd_write_char(struct charlcd *lcd, char c)
582 {
583 	struct charlcd_priv *priv = to_priv(lcd);
584 
585 	/* first, we'll test if we're in escape mode */
586 	if ((c != '\n') && priv->esc_seq.len >= 0) {
587 		/* yes, let's add this char to the buffer */
588 		priv->esc_seq.buf[priv->esc_seq.len++] = c;
589 		priv->esc_seq.buf[priv->esc_seq.len] = '\0';
590 	} else {
591 		/* aborts any previous escape sequence */
592 		priv->esc_seq.len = -1;
593 
594 		switch (c) {
595 		case LCD_ESCAPE_CHAR:
596 			/* start of an escape sequence */
597 			priv->esc_seq.len = 0;
598 			priv->esc_seq.buf[priv->esc_seq.len] = '\0';
599 			break;
600 		case '\b':
601 			/* go back one char and clear it */
602 			if (priv->addr.x > 0) {
603 				/*
604 				 * check if we're not at the
605 				 * end of the line
606 				 */
607 				if (priv->addr.x < lcd->bwidth)
608 					/* back one char */
609 					lcd->ops->write_cmd(lcd, LCD_CMD_SHIFT);
610 				priv->addr.x--;
611 			}
612 			/* replace with a space */
613 			lcd->ops->write_data(lcd, ' ');
614 			/* back one char again */
615 			lcd->ops->write_cmd(lcd, LCD_CMD_SHIFT);
616 			break;
617 		case '\f':
618 			/* quickly clear the display */
619 			charlcd_clear_fast(lcd);
620 			break;
621 		case '\n':
622 			/*
623 			 * flush the remainder of the current line and
624 			 * go to the beginning of the next line
625 			 */
626 			for (; priv->addr.x < lcd->bwidth; priv->addr.x++)
627 				lcd->ops->write_data(lcd, ' ');
628 			priv->addr.x = 0;
629 			priv->addr.y = (priv->addr.y + 1) % lcd->height;
630 			charlcd_gotoxy(lcd);
631 			break;
632 		case '\r':
633 			/* go to the beginning of the same line */
634 			priv->addr.x = 0;
635 			charlcd_gotoxy(lcd);
636 			break;
637 		case '\t':
638 			/* print a space instead of the tab */
639 			charlcd_print(lcd, ' ');
640 			break;
641 		default:
642 			/* simply print this char */
643 			charlcd_print(lcd, c);
644 			break;
645 		}
646 	}
647 
648 	/*
649 	 * now we'll see if we're in an escape mode and if the current
650 	 * escape sequence can be understood.
651 	 */
652 	if (priv->esc_seq.len >= 2) {
653 		int processed = 0;
654 
655 		if (!strcmp(priv->esc_seq.buf, "[2J")) {
656 			/* clear the display */
657 			charlcd_clear_fast(lcd);
658 			processed = 1;
659 		} else if (!strcmp(priv->esc_seq.buf, "[H")) {
660 			/* cursor to home */
661 			charlcd_home(lcd);
662 			processed = 1;
663 		}
664 		/* codes starting with ^[[L */
665 		else if ((priv->esc_seq.len >= 3) &&
666 			 (priv->esc_seq.buf[0] == '[') &&
667 			 (priv->esc_seq.buf[1] == 'L')) {
668 			processed = handle_lcd_special_code(lcd);
669 		}
670 
671 		/* LCD special escape codes */
672 		/*
673 		 * flush the escape sequence if it's been processed
674 		 * or if it is getting too long.
675 		 */
676 		if (processed || (priv->esc_seq.len >= LCD_ESCAPE_LEN))
677 			priv->esc_seq.len = -1;
678 	} /* escape codes */
679 }
680 
681 static struct charlcd *the_charlcd;
682 
683 static ssize_t charlcd_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
684 			     size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
685 {
686 	const char __user *tmp = buf;
687 	char c;
688 
689 	for (; count-- > 0; (*ppos)++, tmp++) {
690 		if (!in_interrupt() && (((count + 1) & 0x1f) == 0))
691 			/*
692 			 * let's be a little nice with other processes
693 			 * that need some CPU
694 			 */
695 			schedule();
696 
697 		if (get_user(c, tmp))
698 			return -EFAULT;
699 
700 		charlcd_write_char(the_charlcd, c);
701 	}
702 
703 	return tmp - buf;
704 }
705 
706 static int charlcd_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
707 {
708 	struct charlcd_priv *priv = to_priv(the_charlcd);
709 	int ret;
710 
711 	ret = -EBUSY;
712 	if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&charlcd_available))
713 		goto fail;	/* open only once at a time */
714 
715 	ret = -EPERM;
716 	if (file->f_mode & FMODE_READ)	/* device is write-only */
717 		goto fail;
718 
719 	if (priv->must_clear) {
720 		charlcd_clear_display(&priv->lcd);
721 		priv->must_clear = false;
722 	}
723 	return nonseekable_open(inode, file);
724 
725  fail:
726 	atomic_inc(&charlcd_available);
727 	return ret;
728 }
729 
730 static int charlcd_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
731 {
732 	atomic_inc(&charlcd_available);
733 	return 0;
734 }
735 
736 static const struct file_operations charlcd_fops = {
737 	.write   = charlcd_write,
738 	.open    = charlcd_open,
739 	.release = charlcd_release,
740 	.llseek  = no_llseek,
741 };
742 
743 static struct miscdevice charlcd_dev = {
744 	.minor	= LCD_MINOR,
745 	.name	= "lcd",
746 	.fops	= &charlcd_fops,
747 };
748 
749 static void charlcd_puts(struct charlcd *lcd, const char *s)
750 {
751 	const char *tmp = s;
752 	int count = strlen(s);
753 
754 	for (; count-- > 0; tmp++) {
755 		if (!in_interrupt() && (((count + 1) & 0x1f) == 0))
756 			/*
757 			 * let's be a little nice with other processes
758 			 * that need some CPU
759 			 */
760 			schedule();
761 
762 		charlcd_write_char(lcd, *tmp);
763 	}
764 }
765 
766 /* initialize the LCD driver */
767 static int charlcd_init(struct charlcd *lcd)
768 {
769 	struct charlcd_priv *priv = to_priv(lcd);
770 	int ret;
771 
772 	if (lcd->ops->backlight) {
773 		mutex_init(&priv->bl_tempo_lock);
774 		INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&priv->bl_work, charlcd_bl_off);
775 	}
776 
777 	/*
778 	 * before this line, we must NOT send anything to the display.
779 	 * Since charlcd_init_display() needs to write data, we have to
780 	 * enable mark the LCD initialized just before.
781 	 */
782 	ret = charlcd_init_display(lcd);
783 	if (ret)
784 		return ret;
785 
786 	/* display a short message */
787 #ifdef CONFIG_PANEL_CHANGE_MESSAGE
788 #ifdef CONFIG_PANEL_BOOT_MESSAGE
789 	charlcd_puts(lcd, "\x1b[Lc\x1b[Lb\x1b[L*" CONFIG_PANEL_BOOT_MESSAGE);
790 #endif
791 #else
792 	charlcd_puts(lcd, "\x1b[Lc\x1b[Lb\x1b[L*Linux-" UTS_RELEASE "\n");
793 #endif
794 	/* clear the display on the next device opening */
795 	priv->must_clear = true;
796 	charlcd_home(lcd);
797 	return 0;
798 }
799 
800 struct charlcd *charlcd_alloc(unsigned int drvdata_size)
801 {
802 	struct charlcd_priv *priv;
803 	struct charlcd *lcd;
804 
805 	priv = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv) + drvdata_size, GFP_KERNEL);
806 	if (!priv)
807 		return NULL;
808 
809 	priv->esc_seq.len = -1;
810 
811 	lcd = &priv->lcd;
812 	lcd->ifwidth = 8;
813 	lcd->bwidth = DEFAULT_LCD_BWIDTH;
814 	lcd->hwidth = DEFAULT_LCD_HWIDTH;
815 	lcd->drvdata = priv->drvdata;
816 
817 	return lcd;
818 }
819 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(charlcd_alloc);
820 
821 static int panel_notify_sys(struct notifier_block *this, unsigned long code,
822 			    void *unused)
823 {
824 	struct charlcd *lcd = the_charlcd;
825 
826 	switch (code) {
827 	case SYS_DOWN:
828 		charlcd_puts(lcd,
829 			     "\x0cReloading\nSystem...\x1b[Lc\x1b[Lb\x1b[L+");
830 		break;
831 	case SYS_HALT:
832 		charlcd_puts(lcd, "\x0cSystem Halted.\x1b[Lc\x1b[Lb\x1b[L+");
833 		break;
834 	case SYS_POWER_OFF:
835 		charlcd_puts(lcd, "\x0cPower off.\x1b[Lc\x1b[Lb\x1b[L+");
836 		break;
837 	default:
838 		break;
839 	}
840 	return NOTIFY_DONE;
841 }
842 
843 static struct notifier_block panel_notifier = {
844 	panel_notify_sys,
845 	NULL,
846 	0
847 };
848 
849 int charlcd_register(struct charlcd *lcd)
850 {
851 	int ret;
852 
853 	ret = charlcd_init(lcd);
854 	if (ret)
855 		return ret;
856 
857 	ret = misc_register(&charlcd_dev);
858 	if (ret)
859 		return ret;
860 
861 	the_charlcd = lcd;
862 	register_reboot_notifier(&panel_notifier);
863 	return 0;
864 }
865 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(charlcd_register);
866 
867 int charlcd_unregister(struct charlcd *lcd)
868 {
869 	struct charlcd_priv *priv = to_priv(lcd);
870 
871 	unregister_reboot_notifier(&panel_notifier);
872 	charlcd_puts(lcd, "\x0cLCD driver unloaded.\x1b[Lc\x1b[Lb\x1b[L-");
873 	misc_deregister(&charlcd_dev);
874 	the_charlcd = NULL;
875 	if (lcd->ops->backlight) {
876 		cancel_delayed_work_sync(&priv->bl_work);
877 		priv->lcd.ops->backlight(&priv->lcd, 0);
878 	}
879 
880 	return 0;
881 }
882 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(charlcd_unregister);
883 
884 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
885