1 /* 2 * arch/xtensa/kernel/setup.c 3 * 4 * This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public 5 * License. See the file "COPYING" in the main directory of this archive 6 * for more details. 7 * 8 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds 9 * Copyright (C) 2001 - 2005 Tensilica Inc. 10 * Copyright (C) 2014 - 2016 Cadence Design Systems Inc. 11 * 12 * Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net> 13 * Joe Taylor <joe@tensilica.com, joetylr@yahoo.com> 14 * Kevin Chea 15 * Marc Gauthier<marc@tensilica.com> <marc@alumni.uwaterloo.ca> 16 */ 17 18 #include <linux/errno.h> 19 #include <linux/init.h> 20 #include <linux/mm.h> 21 #include <linux/proc_fs.h> 22 #include <linux/screen_info.h> 23 #include <linux/kernel.h> 24 #include <linux/percpu.h> 25 #include <linux/reboot.h> 26 #include <linux/cpu.h> 27 #include <linux/of.h> 28 #include <linux/of_fdt.h> 29 30 #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE) || defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE) 31 # include <linux/console.h> 32 #endif 33 34 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS 35 # include <linux/seq_file.h> 36 #endif 37 38 #include <asm/bootparam.h> 39 #include <asm/kasan.h> 40 #include <asm/mmu_context.h> 41 #include <asm/page.h> 42 #include <asm/param.h> 43 #include <asm/platform.h> 44 #include <asm/processor.h> 45 #include <asm/sections.h> 46 #include <asm/setup.h> 47 #include <asm/smp.h> 48 #include <asm/sysmem.h> 49 #include <asm/timex.h> 50 51 #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE) || defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE) 52 struct screen_info screen_info = { 53 .orig_x = 0, 54 .orig_y = 24, 55 .orig_video_cols = 80, 56 .orig_video_lines = 24, 57 .orig_video_isVGA = 1, 58 .orig_video_points = 16, 59 }; 60 #endif 61 62 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD 63 extern unsigned long initrd_start; 64 extern unsigned long initrd_end; 65 extern int initrd_below_start_ok; 66 #endif 67 68 #ifdef CONFIG_USE_OF 69 void *dtb_start = __dtb_start; 70 #endif 71 72 extern unsigned long loops_per_jiffy; 73 74 /* Command line specified as configuration option. */ 75 76 static char __initdata command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE]; 77 78 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL 79 static char default_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata = CONFIG_CMDLINE; 80 #endif 81 82 #ifdef CONFIG_PARSE_BOOTPARAM 83 /* 84 * Boot parameter parsing. 85 * 86 * The Xtensa port uses a list of variable-sized tags to pass data to 87 * the kernel. The first tag must be a BP_TAG_FIRST tag for the list 88 * to be recognised. The list is terminated with a zero-sized 89 * BP_TAG_LAST tag. 90 */ 91 92 typedef struct tagtable { 93 u32 tag; 94 int (*parse)(const bp_tag_t*); 95 } tagtable_t; 96 97 #define __tagtable(tag, fn) static tagtable_t __tagtable_##fn \ 98 __section(".taglist") __attribute__((used)) = { tag, fn } 99 100 /* parse current tag */ 101 102 static int __init parse_tag_mem(const bp_tag_t *tag) 103 { 104 struct bp_meminfo *mi = (struct bp_meminfo *)(tag->data); 105 106 if (mi->type != MEMORY_TYPE_CONVENTIONAL) 107 return -1; 108 109 return memblock_add(mi->start, mi->end - mi->start); 110 } 111 112 __tagtable(BP_TAG_MEMORY, parse_tag_mem); 113 114 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD 115 116 static int __init parse_tag_initrd(const bp_tag_t* tag) 117 { 118 struct bp_meminfo *mi = (struct bp_meminfo *)(tag->data); 119 120 initrd_start = (unsigned long)__va(mi->start); 121 initrd_end = (unsigned long)__va(mi->end); 122 123 return 0; 124 } 125 126 __tagtable(BP_TAG_INITRD, parse_tag_initrd); 127 128 #endif /* CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD */ 129 130 #ifdef CONFIG_USE_OF 131 132 static int __init parse_tag_fdt(const bp_tag_t *tag) 133 { 134 dtb_start = __va(tag->data[0]); 135 return 0; 136 } 137 138 __tagtable(BP_TAG_FDT, parse_tag_fdt); 139 140 #endif /* CONFIG_USE_OF */ 141 142 static int __init parse_tag_cmdline(const bp_tag_t* tag) 143 { 144 strscpy(command_line, (char *)(tag->data), COMMAND_LINE_SIZE); 145 return 0; 146 } 147 148 __tagtable(BP_TAG_COMMAND_LINE, parse_tag_cmdline); 149 150 static int __init parse_bootparam(const bp_tag_t* tag) 151 { 152 extern tagtable_t __tagtable_begin, __tagtable_end; 153 tagtable_t *t; 154 155 /* Boot parameters must start with a BP_TAG_FIRST tag. */ 156 157 if (tag->id != BP_TAG_FIRST) { 158 pr_warn("Invalid boot parameters!\n"); 159 return 0; 160 } 161 162 tag = (bp_tag_t*)((unsigned long)tag + sizeof(bp_tag_t) + tag->size); 163 164 /* Parse all tags. */ 165 166 while (tag != NULL && tag->id != BP_TAG_LAST) { 167 for (t = &__tagtable_begin; t < &__tagtable_end; t++) { 168 if (tag->id == t->tag) { 169 t->parse(tag); 170 break; 171 } 172 } 173 if (t == &__tagtable_end) 174 pr_warn("Ignoring tag 0x%08x\n", tag->id); 175 tag = (bp_tag_t*)((unsigned long)(tag + 1) + tag->size); 176 } 177 178 return 0; 179 } 180 #else 181 static int __init parse_bootparam(const bp_tag_t *tag) 182 { 183 pr_info("Ignoring boot parameters at %p\n", tag); 184 return 0; 185 } 186 #endif 187 188 #ifdef CONFIG_USE_OF 189 190 #if !XCHAL_HAVE_PTP_MMU || XCHAL_HAVE_SPANNING_WAY 191 unsigned long xtensa_kio_paddr = XCHAL_KIO_DEFAULT_PADDR; 192 EXPORT_SYMBOL(xtensa_kio_paddr); 193 194 static int __init xtensa_dt_io_area(unsigned long node, const char *uname, 195 int depth, void *data) 196 { 197 const __be32 *ranges; 198 int len; 199 200 if (depth > 1) 201 return 0; 202 203 if (!of_flat_dt_is_compatible(node, "simple-bus")) 204 return 0; 205 206 ranges = of_get_flat_dt_prop(node, "ranges", &len); 207 if (!ranges) 208 return 1; 209 if (len == 0) 210 return 1; 211 212 xtensa_kio_paddr = of_read_ulong(ranges+1, 1); 213 /* round down to nearest 256MB boundary */ 214 xtensa_kio_paddr &= 0xf0000000; 215 216 init_kio(); 217 218 return 1; 219 } 220 #else 221 static int __init xtensa_dt_io_area(unsigned long node, const char *uname, 222 int depth, void *data) 223 { 224 return 1; 225 } 226 #endif 227 228 void __init early_init_devtree(void *params) 229 { 230 early_init_dt_scan(params); 231 of_scan_flat_dt(xtensa_dt_io_area, NULL); 232 233 if (!command_line[0]) 234 strscpy(command_line, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE); 235 } 236 237 #endif /* CONFIG_USE_OF */ 238 239 /* 240 * Initialize architecture. (Early stage) 241 */ 242 243 void __init init_arch(bp_tag_t *bp_start) 244 { 245 /* Initialize MMU. */ 246 247 init_mmu(); 248 249 /* Initialize initial KASAN shadow map */ 250 251 kasan_early_init(); 252 253 /* Parse boot parameters */ 254 255 if (bp_start) 256 parse_bootparam(bp_start); 257 258 #ifdef CONFIG_USE_OF 259 early_init_devtree(dtb_start); 260 #endif 261 262 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL 263 if (!command_line[0]) 264 strscpy(command_line, default_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE); 265 #endif 266 267 /* Early hook for platforms */ 268 269 platform_init(bp_start); 270 } 271 272 /* 273 * Initialize system. Setup memory and reserve regions. 274 */ 275 276 static inline int __init_memblock mem_reserve(unsigned long start, 277 unsigned long end) 278 { 279 return memblock_reserve(start, end - start); 280 } 281 282 void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p) 283 { 284 pr_info("config ID: %08x:%08x\n", 285 xtensa_get_sr(SREG_EPC), xtensa_get_sr(SREG_EXCSAVE)); 286 if (xtensa_get_sr(SREG_EPC) != XCHAL_HW_CONFIGID0 || 287 xtensa_get_sr(SREG_EXCSAVE) != XCHAL_HW_CONFIGID1) 288 pr_info("built for config ID: %08x:%08x\n", 289 XCHAL_HW_CONFIGID0, XCHAL_HW_CONFIGID1); 290 291 *cmdline_p = command_line; 292 platform_setup(cmdline_p); 293 strscpy(boot_command_line, *cmdline_p, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE); 294 295 /* Reserve some memory regions */ 296 297 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD 298 if (initrd_start < initrd_end && 299 !mem_reserve(__pa(initrd_start), __pa(initrd_end))) 300 initrd_below_start_ok = 1; 301 else 302 initrd_start = 0; 303 #endif 304 305 mem_reserve(__pa(_stext), __pa(_end)); 306 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL 307 mem_reserve(__pa(_xip_start), __pa(_xip_end)); 308 #endif 309 310 #ifdef CONFIG_VECTORS_ADDR 311 #ifdef SUPPORT_WINDOWED 312 mem_reserve(__pa(_WindowVectors_text_start), 313 __pa(_WindowVectors_text_end)); 314 #endif 315 316 mem_reserve(__pa(_DebugInterruptVector_text_start), 317 __pa(_DebugInterruptVector_text_end)); 318 319 mem_reserve(__pa(_KernelExceptionVector_text_start), 320 __pa(_KernelExceptionVector_text_end)); 321 322 mem_reserve(__pa(_UserExceptionVector_text_start), 323 __pa(_UserExceptionVector_text_end)); 324 325 mem_reserve(__pa(_DoubleExceptionVector_text_start), 326 __pa(_DoubleExceptionVector_text_end)); 327 328 mem_reserve(__pa(_exception_text_start), 329 __pa(_exception_text_end)); 330 #if XCHAL_EXCM_LEVEL >= 2 331 mem_reserve(__pa(_Level2InterruptVector_text_start), 332 __pa(_Level2InterruptVector_text_end)); 333 #endif 334 #if XCHAL_EXCM_LEVEL >= 3 335 mem_reserve(__pa(_Level3InterruptVector_text_start), 336 __pa(_Level3InterruptVector_text_end)); 337 #endif 338 #if XCHAL_EXCM_LEVEL >= 4 339 mem_reserve(__pa(_Level4InterruptVector_text_start), 340 __pa(_Level4InterruptVector_text_end)); 341 #endif 342 #if XCHAL_EXCM_LEVEL >= 5 343 mem_reserve(__pa(_Level5InterruptVector_text_start), 344 __pa(_Level5InterruptVector_text_end)); 345 #endif 346 #if XCHAL_EXCM_LEVEL >= 6 347 mem_reserve(__pa(_Level6InterruptVector_text_start), 348 __pa(_Level6InterruptVector_text_end)); 349 #endif 350 351 #endif /* CONFIG_VECTORS_ADDR */ 352 353 #ifdef CONFIG_SECONDARY_RESET_VECTOR 354 mem_reserve(__pa(_SecondaryResetVector_text_start), 355 __pa(_SecondaryResetVector_text_end)); 356 #endif 357 parse_early_param(); 358 bootmem_init(); 359 kasan_init(); 360 unflatten_and_copy_device_tree(); 361 362 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP 363 smp_init_cpus(); 364 #endif 365 366 paging_init(); 367 zones_init(); 368 369 #ifdef CONFIG_VT 370 # if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE) 371 conswitchp = &vga_con; 372 # endif 373 #endif 374 } 375 376 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu, cpu_data); 377 378 static int __init topology_init(void) 379 { 380 int i; 381 382 for_each_possible_cpu(i) { 383 struct cpu *cpu = &per_cpu(cpu_data, i); 384 cpu->hotpluggable = !!i; 385 register_cpu(cpu, i); 386 } 387 388 return 0; 389 } 390 subsys_initcall(topology_init); 391 392 void cpu_reset(void) 393 { 394 #if XCHAL_HAVE_PTP_MMU && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MMU) 395 local_irq_disable(); 396 /* 397 * We have full MMU: all autoload ways, ways 7, 8 and 9 of DTLB must 398 * be flushed. 399 * Way 4 is not currently used by linux. 400 * Ways 5 and 6 shall not be touched on MMUv2 as they are hardwired. 401 * Way 5 shall be flushed and way 6 shall be set to identity mapping 402 * on MMUv3. 403 */ 404 local_flush_tlb_all(); 405 invalidate_page_directory(); 406 #if XCHAL_HAVE_SPANNING_WAY 407 /* MMU v3 */ 408 { 409 unsigned long vaddr = (unsigned long)cpu_reset; 410 unsigned long paddr = __pa(vaddr); 411 unsigned long tmpaddr = vaddr + SZ_512M; 412 unsigned long tmp0, tmp1, tmp2, tmp3; 413 414 /* 415 * Find a place for the temporary mapping. It must not be 416 * in the same 512MB region with vaddr or paddr, otherwise 417 * there may be multihit exception either on entry to the 418 * temporary mapping, or on entry to the identity mapping. 419 * (512MB is the biggest page size supported by TLB.) 420 */ 421 while (((tmpaddr ^ paddr) & -SZ_512M) == 0) 422 tmpaddr += SZ_512M; 423 424 /* Invalidate mapping in the selected temporary area */ 425 if (itlb_probe(tmpaddr) & BIT(ITLB_HIT_BIT)) 426 invalidate_itlb_entry(itlb_probe(tmpaddr)); 427 if (itlb_probe(tmpaddr + PAGE_SIZE) & BIT(ITLB_HIT_BIT)) 428 invalidate_itlb_entry(itlb_probe(tmpaddr + PAGE_SIZE)); 429 430 /* 431 * Map two consecutive pages starting at the physical address 432 * of this function to the temporary mapping area. 433 */ 434 write_itlb_entry(__pte((paddr & PAGE_MASK) | 435 _PAGE_HW_VALID | 436 _PAGE_HW_EXEC | 437 _PAGE_CA_BYPASS), 438 tmpaddr & PAGE_MASK); 439 write_itlb_entry(__pte(((paddr & PAGE_MASK) + PAGE_SIZE) | 440 _PAGE_HW_VALID | 441 _PAGE_HW_EXEC | 442 _PAGE_CA_BYPASS), 443 (tmpaddr & PAGE_MASK) + PAGE_SIZE); 444 445 /* Reinitialize TLB */ 446 __asm__ __volatile__ ("movi %0, 1f\n\t" 447 "movi %3, 2f\n\t" 448 "add %0, %0, %4\n\t" 449 "add %3, %3, %5\n\t" 450 "jx %0\n" 451 /* 452 * No literal, data or stack access 453 * below this point 454 */ 455 "1:\n\t" 456 /* Initialize *tlbcfg */ 457 "movi %0, 0\n\t" 458 "wsr %0, itlbcfg\n\t" 459 "wsr %0, dtlbcfg\n\t" 460 /* Invalidate TLB way 5 */ 461 "movi %0, 4\n\t" 462 "movi %1, 5\n" 463 "1:\n\t" 464 "iitlb %1\n\t" 465 "idtlb %1\n\t" 466 "add %1, %1, %6\n\t" 467 "addi %0, %0, -1\n\t" 468 "bnez %0, 1b\n\t" 469 /* Initialize TLB way 6 */ 470 "movi %0, 7\n\t" 471 "addi %1, %9, 3\n\t" 472 "addi %2, %9, 6\n" 473 "1:\n\t" 474 "witlb %1, %2\n\t" 475 "wdtlb %1, %2\n\t" 476 "add %1, %1, %7\n\t" 477 "add %2, %2, %7\n\t" 478 "addi %0, %0, -1\n\t" 479 "bnez %0, 1b\n\t" 480 "isync\n\t" 481 /* Jump to identity mapping */ 482 "jx %3\n" 483 "2:\n\t" 484 /* Complete way 6 initialization */ 485 "witlb %1, %2\n\t" 486 "wdtlb %1, %2\n\t" 487 /* Invalidate temporary mapping */ 488 "sub %0, %9, %7\n\t" 489 "iitlb %0\n\t" 490 "add %0, %0, %8\n\t" 491 "iitlb %0" 492 : "=&a"(tmp0), "=&a"(tmp1), "=&a"(tmp2), 493 "=&a"(tmp3) 494 : "a"(tmpaddr - vaddr), 495 "a"(paddr - vaddr), 496 "a"(SZ_128M), "a"(SZ_512M), 497 "a"(PAGE_SIZE), 498 "a"((tmpaddr + SZ_512M) & PAGE_MASK) 499 : "memory"); 500 } 501 #endif 502 #endif 503 __asm__ __volatile__ ("movi a2, 0\n\t" 504 "wsr a2, icountlevel\n\t" 505 "movi a2, 0\n\t" 506 "wsr a2, icount\n\t" 507 #if XCHAL_NUM_IBREAK > 0 508 "wsr a2, ibreakenable\n\t" 509 #endif 510 #if XCHAL_HAVE_LOOPS 511 "wsr a2, lcount\n\t" 512 #endif 513 "movi a2, 0x1f\n\t" 514 "wsr a2, ps\n\t" 515 "isync\n\t" 516 "jx %0\n\t" 517 : 518 : "a" (XCHAL_RESET_VECTOR_VADDR) 519 : "a2"); 520 for (;;) 521 ; 522 } 523 524 void machine_restart(char * cmd) 525 { 526 local_irq_disable(); 527 smp_send_stop(); 528 do_kernel_restart(cmd); 529 pr_err("Reboot failed -- System halted\n"); 530 while (1) 531 cpu_relax(); 532 } 533 534 void machine_halt(void) 535 { 536 local_irq_disable(); 537 smp_send_stop(); 538 do_kernel_power_off(); 539 while (1) 540 cpu_relax(); 541 } 542 543 void machine_power_off(void) 544 { 545 local_irq_disable(); 546 smp_send_stop(); 547 do_kernel_power_off(); 548 while (1) 549 cpu_relax(); 550 } 551 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS 552 553 /* 554 * Display some core information through /proc/cpuinfo. 555 */ 556 557 static int 558 c_show(struct seq_file *f, void *slot) 559 { 560 /* high-level stuff */ 561 seq_printf(f, "CPU count\t: %u\n" 562 "CPU list\t: %*pbl\n" 563 "vendor_id\t: Tensilica\n" 564 "model\t\t: Xtensa " XCHAL_HW_VERSION_NAME "\n" 565 "core ID\t\t: " XCHAL_CORE_ID "\n" 566 "build ID\t: 0x%x\n" 567 "config ID\t: %08x:%08x\n" 568 "byte order\t: %s\n" 569 "cpu MHz\t\t: %lu.%02lu\n" 570 "bogomips\t: %lu.%02lu\n", 571 num_online_cpus(), 572 cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask), 573 XCHAL_BUILD_UNIQUE_ID, 574 xtensa_get_sr(SREG_EPC), xtensa_get_sr(SREG_EXCSAVE), 575 XCHAL_HAVE_BE ? "big" : "little", 576 ccount_freq/1000000, 577 (ccount_freq/10000) % 100, 578 loops_per_jiffy/(500000/HZ), 579 (loops_per_jiffy/(5000/HZ)) % 100); 580 seq_puts(f, "flags\t\t: " 581 #if XCHAL_HAVE_NMI 582 "nmi " 583 #endif 584 #if XCHAL_HAVE_DEBUG 585 "debug " 586 # if XCHAL_HAVE_OCD 587 "ocd " 588 # endif 589 #endif 590 #if XCHAL_HAVE_DENSITY 591 "density " 592 #endif 593 #if XCHAL_HAVE_BOOLEANS 594 "boolean " 595 #endif 596 #if XCHAL_HAVE_LOOPS 597 "loop " 598 #endif 599 #if XCHAL_HAVE_NSA 600 "nsa " 601 #endif 602 #if XCHAL_HAVE_MINMAX 603 "minmax " 604 #endif 605 #if XCHAL_HAVE_SEXT 606 "sext " 607 #endif 608 #if XCHAL_HAVE_CLAMPS 609 "clamps " 610 #endif 611 #if XCHAL_HAVE_MAC16 612 "mac16 " 613 #endif 614 #if XCHAL_HAVE_MUL16 615 "mul16 " 616 #endif 617 #if XCHAL_HAVE_MUL32 618 "mul32 " 619 #endif 620 #if XCHAL_HAVE_MUL32_HIGH 621 "mul32h " 622 #endif 623 #if XCHAL_HAVE_FP 624 "fpu " 625 #endif 626 #if XCHAL_HAVE_S32C1I 627 "s32c1i " 628 #endif 629 #if XCHAL_HAVE_EXCLUSIVE 630 "exclusive " 631 #endif 632 "\n"); 633 634 /* Registers. */ 635 seq_printf(f,"physical aregs\t: %d\n" 636 "misc regs\t: %d\n" 637 "ibreak\t\t: %d\n" 638 "dbreak\t\t: %d\n", 639 XCHAL_NUM_AREGS, 640 XCHAL_NUM_MISC_REGS, 641 XCHAL_NUM_IBREAK, 642 XCHAL_NUM_DBREAK); 643 644 645 /* Interrupt. */ 646 seq_printf(f,"num ints\t: %d\n" 647 "ext ints\t: %d\n" 648 "int levels\t: %d\n" 649 "timers\t\t: %d\n" 650 "debug level\t: %d\n", 651 XCHAL_NUM_INTERRUPTS, 652 XCHAL_NUM_EXTINTERRUPTS, 653 XCHAL_NUM_INTLEVELS, 654 XCHAL_NUM_TIMERS, 655 XCHAL_DEBUGLEVEL); 656 657 /* Cache */ 658 seq_printf(f,"icache line size: %d\n" 659 "icache ways\t: %d\n" 660 "icache size\t: %d\n" 661 "icache flags\t: " 662 #if XCHAL_ICACHE_LINE_LOCKABLE 663 "lock " 664 #endif 665 "\n" 666 "dcache line size: %d\n" 667 "dcache ways\t: %d\n" 668 "dcache size\t: %d\n" 669 "dcache flags\t: " 670 #if XCHAL_DCACHE_IS_WRITEBACK 671 "writeback " 672 #endif 673 #if XCHAL_DCACHE_LINE_LOCKABLE 674 "lock " 675 #endif 676 "\n", 677 XCHAL_ICACHE_LINESIZE, 678 XCHAL_ICACHE_WAYS, 679 XCHAL_ICACHE_SIZE, 680 XCHAL_DCACHE_LINESIZE, 681 XCHAL_DCACHE_WAYS, 682 XCHAL_DCACHE_SIZE); 683 684 return 0; 685 } 686 687 /* 688 * We show only CPU #0 info. 689 */ 690 static void * 691 c_start(struct seq_file *f, loff_t *pos) 692 { 693 return (*pos == 0) ? (void *)1 : NULL; 694 } 695 696 static void * 697 c_next(struct seq_file *f, void *v, loff_t *pos) 698 { 699 ++*pos; 700 return c_start(f, pos); 701 } 702 703 static void 704 c_stop(struct seq_file *f, void *v) 705 { 706 } 707 708 const struct seq_operations cpuinfo_op = 709 { 710 .start = c_start, 711 .next = c_next, 712 .stop = c_stop, 713 .show = c_show, 714 }; 715 716 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */ 717