xref: /openbmc/linux/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c (revision 063f4661)
1 /*
2  *  Copyright (C) 1995  Linus Torvalds
3  *
4  *  Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
5  *
6  *  Memory region support
7  *	David Parsons <orc@pell.chi.il.us>, July-August 1999
8  *
9  *  Added E820 sanitization routine (removes overlapping memory regions);
10  *  Brian Moyle <bmoyle@mvista.com>, February 2001
11  *
12  * Moved CPU detection code to cpu/${cpu}.c
13  *    Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org>, March 2002
14  *
15  *  Provisions for empty E820 memory regions (reported by certain BIOSes).
16  *  Alex Achenbach <xela@slit.de>, December 2002.
17  *
18  */
19 
20 /*
21  * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of initialization
22  */
23 
24 #include <linux/sched.h>
25 #include <linux/mm.h>
26 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
27 #include <linux/screen_info.h>
28 #include <linux/ioport.h>
29 #include <linux/acpi.h>
30 #include <linux/sfi.h>
31 #include <linux/apm_bios.h>
32 #include <linux/initrd.h>
33 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
34 #include <linux/memblock.h>
35 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
36 #include <linux/console.h>
37 #include <linux/root_dev.h>
38 #include <linux/highmem.h>
39 #include <linux/module.h>
40 #include <linux/efi.h>
41 #include <linux/init.h>
42 #include <linux/edd.h>
43 #include <linux/iscsi_ibft.h>
44 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
45 #include <linux/kexec.h>
46 #include <linux/dmi.h>
47 #include <linux/pfn.h>
48 #include <linux/pci.h>
49 #include <asm/pci-direct.h>
50 #include <linux/init_ohci1394_dma.h>
51 #include <linux/kvm_para.h>
52 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
53 
54 #include <linux/errno.h>
55 #include <linux/kernel.h>
56 #include <linux/stddef.h>
57 #include <linux/unistd.h>
58 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
59 #include <linux/user.h>
60 #include <linux/delay.h>
61 
62 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
63 #include <linux/cpufreq.h>
64 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
65 #include <linux/ctype.h>
66 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
67 
68 #include <linux/percpu.h>
69 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
70 #include <linux/tboot.h>
71 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
72 
73 #include <video/edid.h>
74 
75 #include <asm/mtrr.h>
76 #include <asm/apic.h>
77 #include <asm/realmode.h>
78 #include <asm/e820.h>
79 #include <asm/mpspec.h>
80 #include <asm/setup.h>
81 #include <asm/efi.h>
82 #include <asm/timer.h>
83 #include <asm/i8259.h>
84 #include <asm/sections.h>
85 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
86 #include <asm/ist.h>
87 #include <asm/setup_arch.h>
88 #include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
89 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
90 #include <asm/processor.h>
91 #include <asm/bugs.h>
92 
93 #include <asm/vsyscall.h>
94 #include <asm/cpu.h>
95 #include <asm/desc.h>
96 #include <asm/dma.h>
97 #include <asm/iommu.h>
98 #include <asm/gart.h>
99 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
100 #include <asm/proto.h>
101 
102 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
103 #include <asm/hypervisor.h>
104 #include <asm/olpc_ofw.h>
105 
106 #include <asm/percpu.h>
107 #include <asm/topology.h>
108 #include <asm/apicdef.h>
109 #include <asm/amd_nb.h>
110 #include <asm/mce.h>
111 #include <asm/alternative.h>
112 #include <asm/prom.h>
113 
114 /*
115  * max_low_pfn_mapped: highest direct mapped pfn under 4GB
116  * max_pfn_mapped:     highest direct mapped pfn over 4GB
117  *
118  * The direct mapping only covers E820_RAM regions, so the ranges and gaps are
119  * represented by pfn_mapped
120  */
121 unsigned long max_low_pfn_mapped;
122 unsigned long max_pfn_mapped;
123 
124 #ifdef CONFIG_DMI
125 RESERVE_BRK(dmi_alloc, 65536);
126 #endif
127 
128 
129 static __initdata unsigned long _brk_start = (unsigned long)__brk_base;
130 unsigned long _brk_end = (unsigned long)__brk_base;
131 
132 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
133 int default_cpu_present_to_apicid(int mps_cpu)
134 {
135 	return __default_cpu_present_to_apicid(mps_cpu);
136 }
137 
138 int default_check_phys_apicid_present(int phys_apicid)
139 {
140 	return __default_check_phys_apicid_present(phys_apicid);
141 }
142 #endif
143 
144 struct boot_params boot_params;
145 
146 /*
147  * Machine setup..
148  */
149 static struct resource data_resource = {
150 	.name	= "Kernel data",
151 	.start	= 0,
152 	.end	= 0,
153 	.flags	= IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
154 };
155 
156 static struct resource code_resource = {
157 	.name	= "Kernel code",
158 	.start	= 0,
159 	.end	= 0,
160 	.flags	= IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
161 };
162 
163 static struct resource bss_resource = {
164 	.name	= "Kernel bss",
165 	.start	= 0,
166 	.end	= 0,
167 	.flags	= IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
168 };
169 
170 
171 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
172 /* cpu data as detected by the assembly code in head.S */
173 struct cpuinfo_x86 new_cpu_data __cpuinitdata = {
174 	.wp_works_ok = -1,
175 };
176 /* common cpu data for all cpus */
177 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly = {
178 	.wp_works_ok = -1,
179 };
180 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
181 
182 unsigned int def_to_bigsmp;
183 
184 /* for MCA, but anyone else can use it if they want */
185 unsigned int machine_id;
186 unsigned int machine_submodel_id;
187 unsigned int BIOS_revision;
188 
189 struct apm_info apm_info;
190 EXPORT_SYMBOL(apm_info);
191 
192 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI) || \
193 	defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI_MODULE)
194 struct ist_info ist_info;
195 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ist_info);
196 #else
197 struct ist_info ist_info;
198 #endif
199 
200 #else
201 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly = {
202 	.x86_phys_bits = MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS,
203 };
204 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
205 #endif
206 
207 
208 #if !defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE) || defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
209 unsigned long mmu_cr4_features;
210 #else
211 unsigned long mmu_cr4_features = X86_CR4_PAE;
212 #endif
213 
214 /* Boot loader ID and version as integers, for the benefit of proc_dointvec */
215 int bootloader_type, bootloader_version;
216 
217 /*
218  * Setup options
219  */
220 struct screen_info screen_info;
221 EXPORT_SYMBOL(screen_info);
222 struct edid_info edid_info;
223 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(edid_info);
224 
225 extern int root_mountflags;
226 
227 unsigned long saved_video_mode;
228 
229 #define RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK	0x07FF
230 #define RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG		0x8000
231 #define RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG		0x4000
232 
233 static char __initdata command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
234 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
235 static char __initdata builtin_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] = CONFIG_CMDLINE;
236 #endif
237 
238 #if defined(CONFIG_EDD) || defined(CONFIG_EDD_MODULE)
239 struct edd edd;
240 #ifdef CONFIG_EDD_MODULE
241 EXPORT_SYMBOL(edd);
242 #endif
243 /**
244  * copy_edd() - Copy the BIOS EDD information
245  *              from boot_params into a safe place.
246  *
247  */
248 static inline void __init copy_edd(void)
249 {
250      memcpy(edd.mbr_signature, boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buffer,
251 	    sizeof(edd.mbr_signature));
252      memcpy(edd.edd_info, boot_params.eddbuf, sizeof(edd.edd_info));
253      edd.mbr_signature_nr = boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buf_entries;
254      edd.edd_info_nr = boot_params.eddbuf_entries;
255 }
256 #else
257 static inline void __init copy_edd(void)
258 {
259 }
260 #endif
261 
262 void * __init extend_brk(size_t size, size_t align)
263 {
264 	size_t mask = align - 1;
265 	void *ret;
266 
267 	BUG_ON(_brk_start == 0);
268 	BUG_ON(align & mask);
269 
270 	_brk_end = (_brk_end + mask) & ~mask;
271 	BUG_ON((char *)(_brk_end + size) > __brk_limit);
272 
273 	ret = (void *)_brk_end;
274 	_brk_end += size;
275 
276 	memset(ret, 0, size);
277 
278 	return ret;
279 }
280 
281 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
282 static void __init cleanup_highmap(void)
283 {
284 }
285 #endif
286 
287 static void __init reserve_brk(void)
288 {
289 	if (_brk_end > _brk_start)
290 		memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_brk_start),
291 				 _brk_end - _brk_start);
292 
293 	/* Mark brk area as locked down and no longer taking any
294 	   new allocations */
295 	_brk_start = 0;
296 }
297 
298 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
299 
300 static u64 __init get_ramdisk_image(void)
301 {
302 	u64 ramdisk_image = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_image;
303 
304 	ramdisk_image |= (u64)boot_params.ext_ramdisk_image << 32;
305 
306 	return ramdisk_image;
307 }
308 static u64 __init get_ramdisk_size(void)
309 {
310 	u64 ramdisk_size = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_size;
311 
312 	ramdisk_size |= (u64)boot_params.ext_ramdisk_size << 32;
313 
314 	return ramdisk_size;
315 }
316 
317 #define MAX_MAP_CHUNK	(NR_FIX_BTMAPS << PAGE_SHIFT)
318 static void __init relocate_initrd(void)
319 {
320 	/* Assume only end is not page aligned */
321 	u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
322 	u64 ramdisk_size  = get_ramdisk_size();
323 	u64 area_size     = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_size);
324 	u64 ramdisk_here;
325 	unsigned long slop, clen, mapaddr;
326 	char *p, *q;
327 
328 	/* We need to move the initrd down into directly mapped mem */
329 	ramdisk_here = memblock_find_in_range(0, PFN_PHYS(max_pfn_mapped),
330 						 area_size, PAGE_SIZE);
331 
332 	if (!ramdisk_here)
333 		panic("Cannot find place for new RAMDISK of size %lld\n",
334 			 ramdisk_size);
335 
336 	/* Note: this includes all the mem currently occupied by
337 	   the initrd, we rely on that fact to keep the data intact. */
338 	memblock_reserve(ramdisk_here, area_size);
339 	initrd_start = ramdisk_here + PAGE_OFFSET;
340 	initrd_end   = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
341 	printk(KERN_INFO "Allocated new RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
342 			 ramdisk_here, ramdisk_here + ramdisk_size - 1);
343 
344 	q = (char *)initrd_start;
345 
346 	/* Copy the initrd */
347 	while (ramdisk_size) {
348 		slop = ramdisk_image & ~PAGE_MASK;
349 		clen = ramdisk_size;
350 		if (clen > MAX_MAP_CHUNK-slop)
351 			clen = MAX_MAP_CHUNK-slop;
352 		mapaddr = ramdisk_image & PAGE_MASK;
353 		p = early_memremap(mapaddr, clen+slop);
354 		memcpy(q, p+slop, clen);
355 		early_iounmap(p, clen+slop);
356 		q += clen;
357 		ramdisk_image += clen;
358 		ramdisk_size  -= clen;
359 	}
360 
361 	ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
362 	ramdisk_size  = get_ramdisk_size();
363 	printk(KERN_INFO "Move RAMDISK from [mem %#010llx-%#010llx] to"
364 		" [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
365 		ramdisk_image, ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size - 1,
366 		ramdisk_here, ramdisk_here + ramdisk_size - 1);
367 }
368 
369 static void __init early_reserve_initrd(void)
370 {
371 	/* Assume only end is not page aligned */
372 	u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
373 	u64 ramdisk_size  = get_ramdisk_size();
374 	u64 ramdisk_end   = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size);
375 
376 	if (!boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader ||
377 	    !ramdisk_image || !ramdisk_size)
378 		return;		/* No initrd provided by bootloader */
379 
380 	memblock_reserve(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end - ramdisk_image);
381 }
382 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
383 {
384 	/* Assume only end is not page aligned */
385 	u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
386 	u64 ramdisk_size  = get_ramdisk_size();
387 	u64 ramdisk_end   = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size);
388 	u64 mapped_size;
389 
390 	if (!boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader ||
391 	    !ramdisk_image || !ramdisk_size)
392 		return;		/* No initrd provided by bootloader */
393 
394 	initrd_start = 0;
395 
396 	mapped_size = memblock_mem_size(max_pfn_mapped);
397 	if (ramdisk_size >= (mapped_size>>1))
398 		panic("initrd too large to handle, "
399 		       "disabling initrd (%lld needed, %lld available)\n",
400 		       ramdisk_size, mapped_size>>1);
401 
402 	printk(KERN_INFO "RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n", ramdisk_image,
403 			ramdisk_end - 1);
404 
405 	if (pfn_range_is_mapped(PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_image),
406 				PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_end))) {
407 		/* All are mapped, easy case */
408 		initrd_start = ramdisk_image + PAGE_OFFSET;
409 		initrd_end = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
410 		return;
411 	}
412 
413 	relocate_initrd();
414 
415 	memblock_free(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end - ramdisk_image);
416 }
417 #else
418 static void __init early_reserve_initrd(void)
419 {
420 }
421 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
422 {
423 }
424 #endif /* CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD */
425 
426 static void __init parse_setup_data(void)
427 {
428 	struct setup_data *data;
429 	u64 pa_data;
430 
431 	pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
432 	while (pa_data) {
433 		u32 data_len, map_len;
434 
435 		map_len = max(PAGE_SIZE - (pa_data & ~PAGE_MASK),
436 			      (u64)sizeof(struct setup_data));
437 		data = early_memremap(pa_data, map_len);
438 		data_len = data->len + sizeof(struct setup_data);
439 		if (data_len > map_len) {
440 			early_iounmap(data, map_len);
441 			data = early_memremap(pa_data, data_len);
442 			map_len = data_len;
443 		}
444 
445 		switch (data->type) {
446 		case SETUP_E820_EXT:
447 			parse_e820_ext(data);
448 			break;
449 		case SETUP_DTB:
450 			add_dtb(pa_data);
451 			break;
452 		default:
453 			break;
454 		}
455 		pa_data = data->next;
456 		early_iounmap(data, map_len);
457 	}
458 }
459 
460 static void __init e820_reserve_setup_data(void)
461 {
462 	struct setup_data *data;
463 	u64 pa_data;
464 	int found = 0;
465 
466 	pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
467 	while (pa_data) {
468 		data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
469 		e820_update_range(pa_data, sizeof(*data)+data->len,
470 			 E820_RAM, E820_RESERVED_KERN);
471 		found = 1;
472 		pa_data = data->next;
473 		early_iounmap(data, sizeof(*data));
474 	}
475 	if (!found)
476 		return;
477 
478 	sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map), &e820.nr_map);
479 	memcpy(&e820_saved, &e820, sizeof(struct e820map));
480 	printk(KERN_INFO "extended physical RAM map:\n");
481 	e820_print_map("reserve setup_data");
482 }
483 
484 static void __init memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data(void)
485 {
486 	struct setup_data *data;
487 	u64 pa_data;
488 
489 	pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
490 	while (pa_data) {
491 		data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
492 		memblock_reserve(pa_data, sizeof(*data) + data->len);
493 		pa_data = data->next;
494 		early_iounmap(data, sizeof(*data));
495 	}
496 }
497 
498 /*
499  * --------- Crashkernel reservation ------------------------------
500  */
501 
502 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC
503 
504 /*
505  * Keep the crash kernel below this limit.  On 32 bits earlier kernels
506  * would limit the kernel to the low 512 MiB due to mapping restrictions.
507  * On 64bit, old kexec-tools need to under 896MiB.
508  */
509 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
510 # define CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_LOW_MAX	(512 << 20)
511 # define CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_HIGH_MAX	(512 << 20)
512 #else
513 # define CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_LOW_MAX	(896UL<<20)
514 # define CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_HIGH_MAX	MAXMEM
515 #endif
516 
517 static void __init reserve_crashkernel_low(void)
518 {
519 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
520 	const unsigned long long alignment = 16<<20;	/* 16M */
521 	unsigned long long low_base = 0, low_size = 0;
522 	unsigned long total_low_mem;
523 	unsigned long long base;
524 	bool auto_set = false;
525 	int ret;
526 
527 	total_low_mem = memblock_mem_size(1UL<<(32-PAGE_SHIFT));
528 	/* crashkernel=Y,low */
529 	ret = parse_crashkernel_low(boot_command_line, total_low_mem,
530 						&low_size, &base);
531 	if (ret != 0) {
532 		/*
533 		 * two parts from lib/swiotlb.c:
534 		 *	swiotlb size: user specified with swiotlb= or default.
535 		 *	swiotlb overflow buffer: now is hardcoded to 32k.
536 		 *		We round it to 8M for other buffers that
537 		 *		may need to stay low too.
538 		 */
539 		low_size = swiotlb_size_or_default() + (8UL<<20);
540 		auto_set = true;
541 	} else {
542 		/* passed with crashkernel=0,low ? */
543 		if (!low_size)
544 			return;
545 	}
546 
547 	low_base = memblock_find_in_range(low_size, (1ULL<<32),
548 					low_size, alignment);
549 
550 	if (!low_base) {
551 		if (!auto_set)
552 			pr_info("crashkernel low reservation failed - No suitable area found.\n");
553 
554 		return;
555 	}
556 
557 	memblock_reserve(low_base, low_size);
558 	pr_info("Reserving %ldMB of low memory at %ldMB for crashkernel (System low RAM: %ldMB)\n",
559 			(unsigned long)(low_size >> 20),
560 			(unsigned long)(low_base >> 20),
561 			(unsigned long)(total_low_mem >> 20));
562 	crashk_low_res.start = low_base;
563 	crashk_low_res.end   = low_base + low_size - 1;
564 	insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &crashk_low_res);
565 #endif
566 }
567 
568 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
569 {
570 	const unsigned long long alignment = 16<<20;	/* 16M */
571 	unsigned long long total_mem;
572 	unsigned long long crash_size, crash_base;
573 	bool high = false;
574 	int ret;
575 
576 	total_mem = memblock_phys_mem_size();
577 
578 	/* crashkernel=XM */
579 	ret = parse_crashkernel(boot_command_line, total_mem,
580 			&crash_size, &crash_base);
581 	if (ret != 0 || crash_size <= 0) {
582 		/* crashkernel=X,high */
583 		ret = parse_crashkernel_high(boot_command_line, total_mem,
584 				&crash_size, &crash_base);
585 		if (ret != 0 || crash_size <= 0)
586 			return;
587 		high = true;
588 	}
589 
590 	/* 0 means: find the address automatically */
591 	if (crash_base <= 0) {
592 		/*
593 		 *  kexec want bzImage is below CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_MAX
594 		 */
595 		crash_base = memblock_find_in_range(alignment,
596 					high ? CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_HIGH_MAX :
597 					       CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_LOW_MAX,
598 					crash_size, alignment);
599 
600 		if (!crash_base) {
601 			pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - No suitable area found.\n");
602 			return;
603 		}
604 
605 	} else {
606 		unsigned long long start;
607 
608 		start = memblock_find_in_range(crash_base,
609 				 crash_base + crash_size, crash_size, 1<<20);
610 		if (start != crash_base) {
611 			pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - memory is in use.\n");
612 			return;
613 		}
614 	}
615 	memblock_reserve(crash_base, crash_size);
616 
617 	printk(KERN_INFO "Reserving %ldMB of memory at %ldMB "
618 			"for crashkernel (System RAM: %ldMB)\n",
619 			(unsigned long)(crash_size >> 20),
620 			(unsigned long)(crash_base >> 20),
621 			(unsigned long)(total_mem >> 20));
622 
623 	crashk_res.start = crash_base;
624 	crashk_res.end   = crash_base + crash_size - 1;
625 	insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &crashk_res);
626 
627 	if (crash_base >= (1ULL<<32))
628 		reserve_crashkernel_low();
629 }
630 #else
631 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
632 {
633 }
634 #endif
635 
636 static struct resource standard_io_resources[] = {
637 	{ .name = "dma1", .start = 0x00, .end = 0x1f,
638 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
639 	{ .name = "pic1", .start = 0x20, .end = 0x21,
640 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
641 	{ .name = "timer0", .start = 0x40, .end = 0x43,
642 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
643 	{ .name = "timer1", .start = 0x50, .end = 0x53,
644 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
645 	{ .name = "keyboard", .start = 0x60, .end = 0x60,
646 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
647 	{ .name = "keyboard", .start = 0x64, .end = 0x64,
648 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
649 	{ .name = "dma page reg", .start = 0x80, .end = 0x8f,
650 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
651 	{ .name = "pic2", .start = 0xa0, .end = 0xa1,
652 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
653 	{ .name = "dma2", .start = 0xc0, .end = 0xdf,
654 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
655 	{ .name = "fpu", .start = 0xf0, .end = 0xff,
656 		.flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO }
657 };
658 
659 void __init reserve_standard_io_resources(void)
660 {
661 	int i;
662 
663 	/* request I/O space for devices used on all i[345]86 PCs */
664 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(standard_io_resources); i++)
665 		request_resource(&ioport_resource, &standard_io_resources[i]);
666 
667 }
668 
669 static __init void reserve_ibft_region(void)
670 {
671 	unsigned long addr, size = 0;
672 
673 	addr = find_ibft_region(&size);
674 
675 	if (size)
676 		memblock_reserve(addr, size);
677 }
678 
679 static bool __init snb_gfx_workaround_needed(void)
680 {
681 #ifdef CONFIG_PCI
682 	int i;
683 	u16 vendor, devid;
684 	static const __initconst u16 snb_ids[] = {
685 		0x0102,
686 		0x0112,
687 		0x0122,
688 		0x0106,
689 		0x0116,
690 		0x0126,
691 		0x010a,
692 	};
693 
694 	/* Assume no if something weird is going on with PCI */
695 	if (!early_pci_allowed())
696 		return false;
697 
698 	vendor = read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_VENDOR_ID);
699 	if (vendor != 0x8086)
700 		return false;
701 
702 	devid = read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_DEVICE_ID);
703 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snb_ids); i++)
704 		if (devid == snb_ids[i])
705 			return true;
706 #endif
707 
708 	return false;
709 }
710 
711 /*
712  * Sandy Bridge graphics has trouble with certain ranges, exclude
713  * them from allocation.
714  */
715 static void __init trim_snb_memory(void)
716 {
717 	static const __initconst unsigned long bad_pages[] = {
718 		0x20050000,
719 		0x20110000,
720 		0x20130000,
721 		0x20138000,
722 		0x40004000,
723 	};
724 	int i;
725 
726 	if (!snb_gfx_workaround_needed())
727 		return;
728 
729 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "reserving inaccessible SNB gfx pages\n");
730 
731 	/*
732 	 * Reserve all memory below the 1 MB mark that has not
733 	 * already been reserved.
734 	 */
735 	memblock_reserve(0, 1<<20);
736 
737 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bad_pages); i++) {
738 		if (memblock_reserve(bad_pages[i], PAGE_SIZE))
739 			printk(KERN_WARNING "failed to reserve 0x%08lx\n",
740 			       bad_pages[i]);
741 	}
742 }
743 
744 /*
745  * Here we put platform-specific memory range workarounds, i.e.
746  * memory known to be corrupt or otherwise in need to be reserved on
747  * specific platforms.
748  *
749  * If this gets used more widely it could use a real dispatch mechanism.
750  */
751 static void __init trim_platform_memory_ranges(void)
752 {
753 	trim_snb_memory();
754 }
755 
756 static void __init trim_bios_range(void)
757 {
758 	/*
759 	 * A special case is the first 4Kb of memory;
760 	 * This is a BIOS owned area, not kernel ram, but generally
761 	 * not listed as such in the E820 table.
762 	 *
763 	 * This typically reserves additional memory (64KiB by default)
764 	 * since some BIOSes are known to corrupt low memory.  See the
765 	 * Kconfig help text for X86_RESERVE_LOW.
766 	 */
767 	e820_update_range(0, PAGE_SIZE, E820_RAM, E820_RESERVED);
768 
769 	/*
770 	 * special case: Some BIOSen report the PC BIOS
771 	 * area (640->1Mb) as ram even though it is not.
772 	 * take them out.
773 	 */
774 	e820_remove_range(BIOS_BEGIN, BIOS_END - BIOS_BEGIN, E820_RAM, 1);
775 
776 	sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map), &e820.nr_map);
777 }
778 
779 /* called before trim_bios_range() to spare extra sanitize */
780 static void __init e820_add_kernel_range(void)
781 {
782 	u64 start = __pa_symbol(_text);
783 	u64 size = __pa_symbol(_end) - start;
784 
785 	/*
786 	 * Complain if .text .data and .bss are not marked as E820_RAM and
787 	 * attempt to fix it by adding the range. We may have a confused BIOS,
788 	 * or the user may have used memmap=exactmap or memmap=xxM$yyM to
789 	 * exclude kernel range. If we really are running on top non-RAM,
790 	 * we will crash later anyways.
791 	 */
792 	if (e820_all_mapped(start, start + size, E820_RAM))
793 		return;
794 
795 	pr_warn(".text .data .bss are not marked as E820_RAM!\n");
796 	e820_remove_range(start, size, E820_RAM, 0);
797 	e820_add_region(start, size, E820_RAM);
798 }
799 
800 static unsigned reserve_low = CONFIG_X86_RESERVE_LOW << 10;
801 
802 static int __init parse_reservelow(char *p)
803 {
804 	unsigned long long size;
805 
806 	if (!p)
807 		return -EINVAL;
808 
809 	size = memparse(p, &p);
810 
811 	if (size < 4096)
812 		size = 4096;
813 
814 	if (size > 640*1024)
815 		size = 640*1024;
816 
817 	reserve_low = size;
818 
819 	return 0;
820 }
821 
822 early_param("reservelow", parse_reservelow);
823 
824 static void __init trim_low_memory_range(void)
825 {
826 	memblock_reserve(0, ALIGN(reserve_low, PAGE_SIZE));
827 }
828 
829 /*
830  * Determine if we were loaded by an EFI loader.  If so, then we have also been
831  * passed the efi memmap, systab, etc., so we should use these data structures
832  * for initialization.  Note, the efi init code path is determined by the
833  * global efi_enabled. This allows the same kernel image to be used on existing
834  * systems (with a traditional BIOS) as well as on EFI systems.
835  */
836 /*
837  * setup_arch - architecture-specific boot-time initializations
838  *
839  * Note: On x86_64, fixmaps are ready for use even before this is called.
840  */
841 
842 void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
843 {
844 	memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_text),
845 			 (unsigned long)__bss_stop - (unsigned long)_text);
846 
847 	early_reserve_initrd();
848 
849 	/*
850 	 * At this point everything still needed from the boot loader
851 	 * or BIOS or kernel text should be early reserved or marked not
852 	 * RAM in e820. All other memory is free game.
853 	 */
854 
855 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
856 	memcpy(&boot_cpu_data, &new_cpu_data, sizeof(new_cpu_data));
857 	visws_early_detect();
858 
859 	/*
860 	 * copy kernel address range established so far and switch
861 	 * to the proper swapper page table
862 	 */
863 	clone_pgd_range(swapper_pg_dir     + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
864 			initial_page_table + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
865 			KERNEL_PGD_PTRS);
866 
867 	load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
868 	__flush_tlb_all();
869 #else
870 	printk(KERN_INFO "Command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
871 #endif
872 
873 	/*
874 	 * If we have OLPC OFW, we might end up relocating the fixmap due to
875 	 * reserve_top(), so do this before touching the ioremap area.
876 	 */
877 	olpc_ofw_detect();
878 
879 	early_trap_init();
880 	early_cpu_init();
881 	early_ioremap_init();
882 
883 	setup_olpc_ofw_pgd();
884 
885 	ROOT_DEV = old_decode_dev(boot_params.hdr.root_dev);
886 	screen_info = boot_params.screen_info;
887 	edid_info = boot_params.edid_info;
888 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
889 	apm_info.bios = boot_params.apm_bios_info;
890 	ist_info = boot_params.ist_info;
891 	if (boot_params.sys_desc_table.length != 0) {
892 		machine_id = boot_params.sys_desc_table.table[0];
893 		machine_submodel_id = boot_params.sys_desc_table.table[1];
894 		BIOS_revision = boot_params.sys_desc_table.table[2];
895 	}
896 #endif
897 	saved_video_mode = boot_params.hdr.vid_mode;
898 	bootloader_type = boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader;
899 	if ((bootloader_type >> 4) == 0xe) {
900 		bootloader_type &= 0xf;
901 		bootloader_type |= (boot_params.hdr.ext_loader_type+0x10) << 4;
902 	}
903 	bootloader_version  = bootloader_type & 0xf;
904 	bootloader_version |= boot_params.hdr.ext_loader_ver << 4;
905 
906 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
907 	rd_image_start = boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK;
908 	rd_prompt = ((boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG) != 0);
909 	rd_doload = ((boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG) != 0);
910 #endif
911 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI
912 	if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params.efi_info.efi_loader_signature,
913 		     "EL32", 4)) {
914 		set_bit(EFI_BOOT, &x86_efi_facility);
915 	} else if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params.efi_info.efi_loader_signature,
916 		     "EL64", 4)) {
917 		set_bit(EFI_BOOT, &x86_efi_facility);
918 		set_bit(EFI_64BIT, &x86_efi_facility);
919 	}
920 
921 	if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
922 		efi_memblock_x86_reserve_range();
923 #endif
924 
925 	x86_init.oem.arch_setup();
926 
927 	iomem_resource.end = (1ULL << boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits) - 1;
928 	setup_memory_map();
929 	parse_setup_data();
930 	/* update the e820_saved too */
931 	e820_reserve_setup_data();
932 
933 	copy_edd();
934 
935 	if (!boot_params.hdr.root_flags)
936 		root_mountflags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
937 	init_mm.start_code = (unsigned long) _text;
938 	init_mm.end_code = (unsigned long) _etext;
939 	init_mm.end_data = (unsigned long) _edata;
940 	init_mm.brk = _brk_end;
941 
942 	code_resource.start = __pa_symbol(_text);
943 	code_resource.end = __pa_symbol(_etext)-1;
944 	data_resource.start = __pa_symbol(_etext);
945 	data_resource.end = __pa_symbol(_edata)-1;
946 	bss_resource.start = __pa_symbol(__bss_start);
947 	bss_resource.end = __pa_symbol(__bss_stop)-1;
948 
949 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
950 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE
951 	strlcpy(boot_command_line, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
952 #else
953 	if (builtin_cmdline[0]) {
954 		/* append boot loader cmdline to builtin */
955 		strlcat(builtin_cmdline, " ", COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
956 		strlcat(builtin_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
957 		strlcpy(boot_command_line, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
958 	}
959 #endif
960 #endif
961 
962 	strlcpy(command_line, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
963 	*cmdline_p = command_line;
964 
965 	/*
966 	 * x86_configure_nx() is called before parse_early_param() to detect
967 	 * whether hardware doesn't support NX (so that the early EHCI debug
968 	 * console setup can safely call set_fixmap()). It may then be called
969 	 * again from within noexec_setup() during parsing early parameters
970 	 * to honor the respective command line option.
971 	 */
972 	x86_configure_nx();
973 
974 	parse_early_param();
975 
976 	x86_report_nx();
977 
978 	/* after early param, so could get panic from serial */
979 	memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data();
980 
981 	if (acpi_mps_check()) {
982 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
983 		disable_apic = 1;
984 #endif
985 		setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_APIC);
986 	}
987 
988 #ifdef CONFIG_PCI
989 	if (pci_early_dump_regs)
990 		early_dump_pci_devices();
991 #endif
992 
993 	finish_e820_parsing();
994 
995 	if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
996 		efi_init();
997 
998 	dmi_scan_machine();
999 	dmi_set_dump_stack_arch_desc();
1000 
1001 	/*
1002 	 * VMware detection requires dmi to be available, so this
1003 	 * needs to be done after dmi_scan_machine, for the BP.
1004 	 */
1005 	init_hypervisor_platform();
1006 
1007 	x86_init.resources.probe_roms();
1008 
1009 	/* after parse_early_param, so could debug it */
1010 	insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &code_resource);
1011 	insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &data_resource);
1012 	insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &bss_resource);
1013 
1014 	e820_add_kernel_range();
1015 	trim_bios_range();
1016 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1017 	if (ppro_with_ram_bug()) {
1018 		e820_update_range(0x70000000ULL, 0x40000ULL, E820_RAM,
1019 				  E820_RESERVED);
1020 		sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map), &e820.nr_map);
1021 		printk(KERN_INFO "fixed physical RAM map:\n");
1022 		e820_print_map("bad_ppro");
1023 	}
1024 #else
1025 	early_gart_iommu_check();
1026 #endif
1027 
1028 	/*
1029 	 * partially used pages are not usable - thus
1030 	 * we are rounding upwards:
1031 	 */
1032 	max_pfn = e820_end_of_ram_pfn();
1033 
1034 	/* update e820 for memory not covered by WB MTRRs */
1035 	mtrr_bp_init();
1036 	if (mtrr_trim_uncached_memory(max_pfn))
1037 		max_pfn = e820_end_of_ram_pfn();
1038 
1039 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1040 	/* max_low_pfn get updated here */
1041 	find_low_pfn_range();
1042 #else
1043 	num_physpages = max_pfn;
1044 
1045 	check_x2apic();
1046 
1047 	/* How many end-of-memory variables you have, grandma! */
1048 	/* need this before calling reserve_initrd */
1049 	if (max_pfn > (1UL<<(32 - PAGE_SHIFT)))
1050 		max_low_pfn = e820_end_of_low_ram_pfn();
1051 	else
1052 		max_low_pfn = max_pfn;
1053 
1054 	high_memory = (void *)__va(max_pfn * PAGE_SIZE - 1) + 1;
1055 #endif
1056 
1057 	/*
1058 	 * Find and reserve possible boot-time SMP configuration:
1059 	 */
1060 	find_smp_config();
1061 
1062 	reserve_ibft_region();
1063 
1064 	early_alloc_pgt_buf();
1065 
1066 	/*
1067 	 * Need to conclude brk, before memblock_x86_fill()
1068 	 *  it could use memblock_find_in_range, could overlap with
1069 	 *  brk area.
1070 	 */
1071 	reserve_brk();
1072 
1073 	cleanup_highmap();
1074 
1075 	memblock.current_limit = ISA_END_ADDRESS;
1076 	memblock_x86_fill();
1077 
1078 	/*
1079 	 * The EFI specification says that boot service code won't be called
1080 	 * after ExitBootServices(). This is, in fact, a lie.
1081 	 */
1082 	if (efi_enabled(EFI_MEMMAP))
1083 		efi_reserve_boot_services();
1084 
1085 	/* preallocate 4k for mptable mpc */
1086 	early_reserve_e820_mpc_new();
1087 
1088 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_CHECK_BIOS_CORRUPTION
1089 	setup_bios_corruption_check();
1090 #endif
1091 
1092 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1093 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "initial memory mapped: [mem 0x00000000-%#010lx]\n",
1094 			(max_pfn_mapped<<PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
1095 #endif
1096 
1097 	reserve_real_mode();
1098 
1099 	trim_platform_memory_ranges();
1100 	trim_low_memory_range();
1101 
1102 	init_mem_mapping();
1103 
1104 	early_trap_pf_init();
1105 
1106 	setup_real_mode();
1107 
1108 	memblock.current_limit = get_max_mapped();
1109 	dma_contiguous_reserve(0);
1110 
1111 	/*
1112 	 * NOTE: On x86-32, only from this point on, fixmaps are ready for use.
1113 	 */
1114 
1115 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVIDE_OHCI1394_DMA_INIT
1116 	if (init_ohci1394_dma_early)
1117 		init_ohci1394_dma_on_all_controllers();
1118 #endif
1119 	/* Allocate bigger log buffer */
1120 	setup_log_buf(1);
1121 
1122 	reserve_initrd();
1123 
1124 #if defined(CONFIG_ACPI) && defined(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD)
1125 	acpi_initrd_override((void *)initrd_start, initrd_end - initrd_start);
1126 #endif
1127 
1128 	reserve_crashkernel();
1129 
1130 	vsmp_init();
1131 
1132 	io_delay_init();
1133 
1134 	/*
1135 	 * Parse the ACPI tables for possible boot-time SMP configuration.
1136 	 */
1137 	acpi_boot_table_init();
1138 
1139 	early_acpi_boot_init();
1140 
1141 	initmem_init();
1142 	memblock_find_dma_reserve();
1143 
1144 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_GUEST
1145 	kvmclock_init();
1146 #endif
1147 
1148 	x86_init.paging.pagetable_init();
1149 
1150 	if (boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level >= 0) {
1151 		/* A CPU has %cr4 if and only if it has CPUID */
1152 		mmu_cr4_features = read_cr4();
1153 		if (trampoline_cr4_features)
1154 			*trampoline_cr4_features = mmu_cr4_features;
1155 	}
1156 
1157 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1158 	/* sync back kernel address range */
1159 	clone_pgd_range(initial_page_table + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
1160 			swapper_pg_dir     + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
1161 			KERNEL_PGD_PTRS);
1162 #endif
1163 
1164 	tboot_probe();
1165 
1166 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
1167 	map_vsyscall();
1168 #endif
1169 
1170 	generic_apic_probe();
1171 
1172 	early_quirks();
1173 
1174 	/*
1175 	 * Read APIC and some other early information from ACPI tables.
1176 	 */
1177 	acpi_boot_init();
1178 	sfi_init();
1179 	x86_dtb_init();
1180 
1181 	/*
1182 	 * get boot-time SMP configuration:
1183 	 */
1184 	if (smp_found_config)
1185 		get_smp_config();
1186 
1187 	prefill_possible_map();
1188 
1189 	init_cpu_to_node();
1190 
1191 	init_apic_mappings();
1192 	if (x86_io_apic_ops.init)
1193 		x86_io_apic_ops.init();
1194 
1195 	kvm_guest_init();
1196 
1197 	e820_reserve_resources();
1198 	e820_mark_nosave_regions(max_low_pfn);
1199 
1200 	x86_init.resources.reserve_resources();
1201 
1202 	e820_setup_gap();
1203 
1204 #ifdef CONFIG_VT
1205 #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE)
1206 	if (!efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT) || (efi_mem_type(0xa0000) != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY))
1207 		conswitchp = &vga_con;
1208 #elif defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE)
1209 	conswitchp = &dummy_con;
1210 #endif
1211 #endif
1212 	x86_init.oem.banner();
1213 
1214 	x86_init.timers.wallclock_init();
1215 
1216 	mcheck_init();
1217 
1218 	arch_init_ideal_nops();
1219 
1220 	register_refined_jiffies(CLOCK_TICK_RATE);
1221 
1222 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI
1223 	/* Once setup is done above, unmap the EFI memory map on
1224 	 * mismatched firmware/kernel archtectures since there is no
1225 	 * support for runtime services.
1226 	 */
1227 	if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT) && !efi_is_native()) {
1228 		pr_info("efi: Setup done, disabling due to 32/64-bit mismatch\n");
1229 		efi_unmap_memmap();
1230 	}
1231 #endif
1232 }
1233 
1234 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1235 
1236 static struct resource video_ram_resource = {
1237 	.name	= "Video RAM area",
1238 	.start	= 0xa0000,
1239 	.end	= 0xbffff,
1240 	.flags	= IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
1241 };
1242 
1243 void __init i386_reserve_resources(void)
1244 {
1245 	request_resource(&iomem_resource, &video_ram_resource);
1246 	reserve_standard_io_resources();
1247 }
1248 
1249 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
1250