1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * Kexec bzImage loader
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) 2014 Red Hat Inc.
6  * Authors:
7  *      Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
8  */
9 
10 #define pr_fmt(fmt)	"kexec-bzImage64: " fmt
11 
12 #include <linux/string.h>
13 #include <linux/printk.h>
14 #include <linux/errno.h>
15 #include <linux/slab.h>
16 #include <linux/kexec.h>
17 #include <linux/kernel.h>
18 #include <linux/mm.h>
19 #include <linux/efi.h>
20 #include <linux/random.h>
21 
22 #include <asm/bootparam.h>
23 #include <asm/setup.h>
24 #include <asm/crash.h>
25 #include <asm/efi.h>
26 #include <asm/e820/api.h>
27 #include <asm/kexec-bzimage64.h>
28 
29 #define MAX_ELFCOREHDR_STR_LEN	30	/* elfcorehdr=0x<64bit-value> */
30 
31 /*
32  * Defines lowest physical address for various segments. Not sure where
33  * exactly these limits came from. Current bzimage64 loader in kexec-tools
34  * uses these so I am retaining it. It can be changed over time as we gain
35  * more insight.
36  */
37 #define MIN_PURGATORY_ADDR	0x3000
38 #define MIN_BOOTPARAM_ADDR	0x3000
39 #define MIN_KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR	0x100000
40 #define MIN_INITRD_LOAD_ADDR	0x1000000
41 
42 /*
43  * This is a place holder for all boot loader specific data structure which
44  * gets allocated in one call but gets freed much later during cleanup
45  * time. Right now there is only one field but it can grow as need be.
46  */
47 struct bzimage64_data {
48 	/*
49 	 * Temporary buffer to hold bootparams buffer. This should be
50 	 * freed once the bootparam segment has been loaded.
51 	 */
52 	void *bootparams_buf;
53 };
54 
55 static int setup_initrd(struct boot_params *params,
56 		unsigned long initrd_load_addr, unsigned long initrd_len)
57 {
58 	params->hdr.ramdisk_image = initrd_load_addr & 0xffffffffUL;
59 	params->hdr.ramdisk_size = initrd_len & 0xffffffffUL;
60 
61 	params->ext_ramdisk_image = initrd_load_addr >> 32;
62 	params->ext_ramdisk_size = initrd_len >> 32;
63 
64 	return 0;
65 }
66 
67 static int setup_cmdline(struct kimage *image, struct boot_params *params,
68 			 unsigned long bootparams_load_addr,
69 			 unsigned long cmdline_offset, char *cmdline,
70 			 unsigned long cmdline_len)
71 {
72 	char *cmdline_ptr = ((char *)params) + cmdline_offset;
73 	unsigned long cmdline_ptr_phys, len = 0;
74 	uint32_t cmdline_low_32, cmdline_ext_32;
75 
76 	if (image->type == KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH) {
77 		len = sprintf(cmdline_ptr,
78 			"elfcorehdr=0x%lx ", image->elf_load_addr);
79 	}
80 	memcpy(cmdline_ptr + len, cmdline, cmdline_len);
81 	cmdline_len += len;
82 
83 	cmdline_ptr[cmdline_len - 1] = '\0';
84 
85 	pr_debug("Final command line is: %s\n", cmdline_ptr);
86 	cmdline_ptr_phys = bootparams_load_addr + cmdline_offset;
87 	cmdline_low_32 = cmdline_ptr_phys & 0xffffffffUL;
88 	cmdline_ext_32 = cmdline_ptr_phys >> 32;
89 
90 	params->hdr.cmd_line_ptr = cmdline_low_32;
91 	if (cmdline_ext_32)
92 		params->ext_cmd_line_ptr = cmdline_ext_32;
93 
94 	return 0;
95 }
96 
97 static int setup_e820_entries(struct boot_params *params)
98 {
99 	unsigned int nr_e820_entries;
100 
101 	nr_e820_entries = e820_table_kexec->nr_entries;
102 
103 	/* TODO: Pass entries more than E820_MAX_ENTRIES_ZEROPAGE in bootparams setup data */
104 	if (nr_e820_entries > E820_MAX_ENTRIES_ZEROPAGE)
105 		nr_e820_entries = E820_MAX_ENTRIES_ZEROPAGE;
106 
107 	params->e820_entries = nr_e820_entries;
108 	memcpy(&params->e820_table, &e820_table_kexec->entries, nr_e820_entries*sizeof(struct e820_entry));
109 
110 	return 0;
111 }
112 
113 enum { RNG_SEED_LENGTH = 32 };
114 
115 static void
116 setup_rng_seed(struct boot_params *params, unsigned long params_load_addr,
117 	       unsigned int rng_seed_setup_data_offset)
118 {
119 	struct setup_data *sd = (void *)params + rng_seed_setup_data_offset;
120 	unsigned long setup_data_phys;
121 
122 	if (!rng_is_initialized())
123 		return;
124 
125 	sd->type = SETUP_RNG_SEED;
126 	sd->len = RNG_SEED_LENGTH;
127 	get_random_bytes(sd->data, RNG_SEED_LENGTH);
128 	setup_data_phys = params_load_addr + rng_seed_setup_data_offset;
129 	sd->next = params->hdr.setup_data;
130 	params->hdr.setup_data = setup_data_phys;
131 }
132 
133 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI
134 static int setup_efi_info_memmap(struct boot_params *params,
135 				  unsigned long params_load_addr,
136 				  unsigned int efi_map_offset,
137 				  unsigned int efi_map_sz)
138 {
139 	void *efi_map = (void *)params + efi_map_offset;
140 	unsigned long efi_map_phys_addr = params_load_addr + efi_map_offset;
141 	struct efi_info *ei = &params->efi_info;
142 
143 	if (!efi_map_sz)
144 		return 0;
145 
146 	efi_runtime_map_copy(efi_map, efi_map_sz);
147 
148 	ei->efi_memmap = efi_map_phys_addr & 0xffffffff;
149 	ei->efi_memmap_hi = efi_map_phys_addr >> 32;
150 	ei->efi_memmap_size = efi_map_sz;
151 
152 	return 0;
153 }
154 
155 static int
156 prepare_add_efi_setup_data(struct boot_params *params,
157 		       unsigned long params_load_addr,
158 		       unsigned int efi_setup_data_offset)
159 {
160 	unsigned long setup_data_phys;
161 	struct setup_data *sd = (void *)params + efi_setup_data_offset;
162 	struct efi_setup_data *esd = (void *)sd + sizeof(struct setup_data);
163 
164 	esd->fw_vendor = efi_fw_vendor;
165 	esd->tables = efi_config_table;
166 	esd->smbios = efi.smbios;
167 
168 	sd->type = SETUP_EFI;
169 	sd->len = sizeof(struct efi_setup_data);
170 
171 	/* Add setup data */
172 	setup_data_phys = params_load_addr + efi_setup_data_offset;
173 	sd->next = params->hdr.setup_data;
174 	params->hdr.setup_data = setup_data_phys;
175 
176 	return 0;
177 }
178 
179 static int
180 setup_efi_state(struct boot_params *params, unsigned long params_load_addr,
181 		unsigned int efi_map_offset, unsigned int efi_map_sz,
182 		unsigned int efi_setup_data_offset)
183 {
184 	struct efi_info *current_ei = &boot_params.efi_info;
185 	struct efi_info *ei = &params->efi_info;
186 
187 	if (!efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES))
188 		return 0;
189 
190 	if (!current_ei->efi_memmap_size)
191 		return 0;
192 
193 	params->secure_boot = boot_params.secure_boot;
194 	ei->efi_loader_signature = current_ei->efi_loader_signature;
195 	ei->efi_systab = current_ei->efi_systab;
196 	ei->efi_systab_hi = current_ei->efi_systab_hi;
197 
198 	ei->efi_memdesc_version = current_ei->efi_memdesc_version;
199 	ei->efi_memdesc_size = efi_get_runtime_map_desc_size();
200 
201 	setup_efi_info_memmap(params, params_load_addr, efi_map_offset,
202 			      efi_map_sz);
203 	prepare_add_efi_setup_data(params, params_load_addr,
204 				   efi_setup_data_offset);
205 	return 0;
206 }
207 #endif /* CONFIG_EFI */
208 
209 static void
210 setup_ima_state(const struct kimage *image, struct boot_params *params,
211 		unsigned long params_load_addr,
212 		unsigned int ima_setup_data_offset)
213 {
214 #ifdef CONFIG_IMA_KEXEC
215 	struct setup_data *sd = (void *)params + ima_setup_data_offset;
216 	unsigned long setup_data_phys;
217 	struct ima_setup_data *ima;
218 
219 	if (!image->ima_buffer_size)
220 		return;
221 
222 	sd->type = SETUP_IMA;
223 	sd->len = sizeof(*ima);
224 
225 	ima = (void *)sd + sizeof(struct setup_data);
226 	ima->addr = image->ima_buffer_addr;
227 	ima->size = image->ima_buffer_size;
228 
229 	/* Add setup data */
230 	setup_data_phys = params_load_addr + ima_setup_data_offset;
231 	sd->next = params->hdr.setup_data;
232 	params->hdr.setup_data = setup_data_phys;
233 #endif /* CONFIG_IMA_KEXEC */
234 }
235 
236 static int
237 setup_boot_parameters(struct kimage *image, struct boot_params *params,
238 		      unsigned long params_load_addr,
239 		      unsigned int efi_map_offset, unsigned int efi_map_sz,
240 		      unsigned int setup_data_offset)
241 {
242 	unsigned int nr_e820_entries;
243 	unsigned long long mem_k, start, end;
244 	int i, ret = 0;
245 
246 	/* Get subarch from existing bootparams */
247 	params->hdr.hardware_subarch = boot_params.hdr.hardware_subarch;
248 
249 	/* Copying screen_info will do? */
250 	memcpy(&params->screen_info, &screen_info, sizeof(struct screen_info));
251 
252 	/* Fill in memsize later */
253 	params->screen_info.ext_mem_k = 0;
254 	params->alt_mem_k = 0;
255 
256 	/* Always fill in RSDP: it is either 0 or a valid value */
257 	params->acpi_rsdp_addr = boot_params.acpi_rsdp_addr;
258 
259 	/* Default APM info */
260 	memset(&params->apm_bios_info, 0, sizeof(params->apm_bios_info));
261 
262 	/* Default drive info */
263 	memset(&params->hd0_info, 0, sizeof(params->hd0_info));
264 	memset(&params->hd1_info, 0, sizeof(params->hd1_info));
265 
266 	if (image->type == KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH) {
267 		ret = crash_setup_memmap_entries(image, params);
268 		if (ret)
269 			return ret;
270 	} else
271 		setup_e820_entries(params);
272 
273 	nr_e820_entries = params->e820_entries;
274 
275 	for (i = 0; i < nr_e820_entries; i++) {
276 		if (params->e820_table[i].type != E820_TYPE_RAM)
277 			continue;
278 		start = params->e820_table[i].addr;
279 		end = params->e820_table[i].addr + params->e820_table[i].size - 1;
280 
281 		if ((start <= 0x100000) && end > 0x100000) {
282 			mem_k = (end >> 10) - (0x100000 >> 10);
283 			params->screen_info.ext_mem_k = mem_k;
284 			params->alt_mem_k = mem_k;
285 			if (mem_k > 0xfc00)
286 				params->screen_info.ext_mem_k = 0xfc00; /* 64M*/
287 			if (mem_k > 0xffffffff)
288 				params->alt_mem_k = 0xffffffff;
289 		}
290 	}
291 
292 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI
293 	/* Setup EFI state */
294 	setup_efi_state(params, params_load_addr, efi_map_offset, efi_map_sz,
295 			setup_data_offset);
296 	setup_data_offset += sizeof(struct setup_data) +
297 			sizeof(struct efi_setup_data);
298 #endif
299 
300 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IMA_KEXEC)) {
301 		/* Setup IMA log buffer state */
302 		setup_ima_state(image, params, params_load_addr,
303 				setup_data_offset);
304 		setup_data_offset += sizeof(struct setup_data) +
305 				     sizeof(struct ima_setup_data);
306 	}
307 
308 	/* Setup RNG seed */
309 	setup_rng_seed(params, params_load_addr, setup_data_offset);
310 
311 	/* Setup EDD info */
312 	memcpy(params->eddbuf, boot_params.eddbuf,
313 				EDDMAXNR * sizeof(struct edd_info));
314 	params->eddbuf_entries = boot_params.eddbuf_entries;
315 
316 	memcpy(params->edd_mbr_sig_buffer, boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buffer,
317 	       EDD_MBR_SIG_MAX * sizeof(unsigned int));
318 
319 	return ret;
320 }
321 
322 static int bzImage64_probe(const char *buf, unsigned long len)
323 {
324 	int ret = -ENOEXEC;
325 	struct setup_header *header;
326 
327 	/* kernel should be at least two sectors long */
328 	if (len < 2 * 512) {
329 		pr_err("File is too short to be a bzImage\n");
330 		return ret;
331 	}
332 
333 	header = (struct setup_header *)(buf + offsetof(struct boot_params, hdr));
334 	if (memcmp((char *)&header->header, "HdrS", 4) != 0) {
335 		pr_err("Not a bzImage\n");
336 		return ret;
337 	}
338 
339 	if (header->boot_flag != 0xAA55) {
340 		pr_err("No x86 boot sector present\n");
341 		return ret;
342 	}
343 
344 	if (header->version < 0x020C) {
345 		pr_err("Must be at least protocol version 2.12\n");
346 		return ret;
347 	}
348 
349 	if (!(header->loadflags & LOADED_HIGH)) {
350 		pr_err("zImage not a bzImage\n");
351 		return ret;
352 	}
353 
354 	if (!(header->xloadflags & XLF_KERNEL_64)) {
355 		pr_err("Not a bzImage64. XLF_KERNEL_64 is not set.\n");
356 		return ret;
357 	}
358 
359 	if (!(header->xloadflags & XLF_CAN_BE_LOADED_ABOVE_4G)) {
360 		pr_err("XLF_CAN_BE_LOADED_ABOVE_4G is not set.\n");
361 		return ret;
362 	}
363 
364 	/*
365 	 * Can't handle 32bit EFI as it does not allow loading kernel
366 	 * above 4G. This should be handled by 32bit bzImage loader
367 	 */
368 	if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES) && !efi_enabled(EFI_64BIT)) {
369 		pr_debug("EFI is 32 bit. Can't load kernel above 4G.\n");
370 		return ret;
371 	}
372 
373 	if (!(header->xloadflags & XLF_5LEVEL) && pgtable_l5_enabled()) {
374 		pr_err("bzImage cannot handle 5-level paging mode.\n");
375 		return ret;
376 	}
377 
378 	/* I've got a bzImage */
379 	pr_debug("It's a relocatable bzImage64\n");
380 	ret = 0;
381 
382 	return ret;
383 }
384 
385 static void *bzImage64_load(struct kimage *image, char *kernel,
386 			    unsigned long kernel_len, char *initrd,
387 			    unsigned long initrd_len, char *cmdline,
388 			    unsigned long cmdline_len)
389 {
390 
391 	struct setup_header *header;
392 	int setup_sects, kern16_size, ret = 0;
393 	unsigned long setup_header_size, params_cmdline_sz;
394 	struct boot_params *params;
395 	unsigned long bootparam_load_addr, kernel_load_addr, initrd_load_addr;
396 	struct bzimage64_data *ldata;
397 	struct kexec_entry64_regs regs64;
398 	void *stack;
399 	unsigned int setup_hdr_offset = offsetof(struct boot_params, hdr);
400 	unsigned int efi_map_offset, efi_map_sz, efi_setup_data_offset;
401 	struct kexec_buf kbuf = { .image = image, .buf_max = ULONG_MAX,
402 				  .top_down = true };
403 	struct kexec_buf pbuf = { .image = image, .buf_min = MIN_PURGATORY_ADDR,
404 				  .buf_max = ULONG_MAX, .top_down = true };
405 
406 	header = (struct setup_header *)(kernel + setup_hdr_offset);
407 	setup_sects = header->setup_sects;
408 	if (setup_sects == 0)
409 		setup_sects = 4;
410 
411 	kern16_size = (setup_sects + 1) * 512;
412 	if (kernel_len < kern16_size) {
413 		pr_err("bzImage truncated\n");
414 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOEXEC);
415 	}
416 
417 	if (cmdline_len > header->cmdline_size) {
418 		pr_err("Kernel command line too long\n");
419 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
420 	}
421 
422 	/*
423 	 * In case of crash dump, we will append elfcorehdr=<addr> to
424 	 * command line. Make sure it does not overflow
425 	 */
426 	if (cmdline_len + MAX_ELFCOREHDR_STR_LEN > header->cmdline_size) {
427 		pr_debug("Appending elfcorehdr=<addr> to command line exceeds maximum allowed length\n");
428 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
429 	}
430 
431 	/* Allocate and load backup region */
432 	if (image->type == KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH) {
433 		ret = crash_load_segments(image);
434 		if (ret)
435 			return ERR_PTR(ret);
436 	}
437 
438 	/*
439 	 * Load purgatory. For 64bit entry point, purgatory  code can be
440 	 * anywhere.
441 	 */
442 	ret = kexec_load_purgatory(image, &pbuf);
443 	if (ret) {
444 		pr_err("Loading purgatory failed\n");
445 		return ERR_PTR(ret);
446 	}
447 
448 	pr_debug("Loaded purgatory at 0x%lx\n", pbuf.mem);
449 
450 
451 	/*
452 	 * Load Bootparams and cmdline and space for efi stuff.
453 	 *
454 	 * Allocate memory together for multiple data structures so
455 	 * that they all can go in single area/segment and we don't
456 	 * have to create separate segment for each. Keeps things
457 	 * little bit simple
458 	 */
459 	efi_map_sz = efi_get_runtime_map_size();
460 	params_cmdline_sz = sizeof(struct boot_params) + cmdline_len +
461 				MAX_ELFCOREHDR_STR_LEN;
462 	params_cmdline_sz = ALIGN(params_cmdline_sz, 16);
463 	kbuf.bufsz = params_cmdline_sz + ALIGN(efi_map_sz, 16) +
464 				sizeof(struct setup_data) +
465 				sizeof(struct efi_setup_data) +
466 				sizeof(struct setup_data) +
467 				RNG_SEED_LENGTH;
468 
469 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IMA_KEXEC))
470 		kbuf.bufsz += sizeof(struct setup_data) +
471 			      sizeof(struct ima_setup_data);
472 
473 	params = kzalloc(kbuf.bufsz, GFP_KERNEL);
474 	if (!params)
475 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
476 	efi_map_offset = params_cmdline_sz;
477 	efi_setup_data_offset = efi_map_offset + ALIGN(efi_map_sz, 16);
478 
479 	/* Copy setup header onto bootparams. Documentation/arch/x86/boot.rst */
480 	setup_header_size = 0x0202 + kernel[0x0201] - setup_hdr_offset;
481 
482 	/* Is there a limit on setup header size? */
483 	memcpy(&params->hdr, (kernel + setup_hdr_offset), setup_header_size);
484 
485 	kbuf.buffer = params;
486 	kbuf.memsz = kbuf.bufsz;
487 	kbuf.buf_align = 16;
488 	kbuf.buf_min = MIN_BOOTPARAM_ADDR;
489 	ret = kexec_add_buffer(&kbuf);
490 	if (ret)
491 		goto out_free_params;
492 	bootparam_load_addr = kbuf.mem;
493 	pr_debug("Loaded boot_param, command line and misc at 0x%lx bufsz=0x%lx memsz=0x%lx\n",
494 		 bootparam_load_addr, kbuf.bufsz, kbuf.bufsz);
495 
496 	/* Load kernel */
497 	kbuf.buffer = kernel + kern16_size;
498 	kbuf.bufsz =  kernel_len - kern16_size;
499 	kbuf.memsz = PAGE_ALIGN(header->init_size);
500 	kbuf.buf_align = header->kernel_alignment;
501 	kbuf.buf_min = MIN_KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR;
502 	kbuf.mem = KEXEC_BUF_MEM_UNKNOWN;
503 	ret = kexec_add_buffer(&kbuf);
504 	if (ret)
505 		goto out_free_params;
506 	kernel_load_addr = kbuf.mem;
507 
508 	pr_debug("Loaded 64bit kernel at 0x%lx bufsz=0x%lx memsz=0x%lx\n",
509 		 kernel_load_addr, kbuf.bufsz, kbuf.memsz);
510 
511 	/* Load initrd high */
512 	if (initrd) {
513 		kbuf.buffer = initrd;
514 		kbuf.bufsz = kbuf.memsz = initrd_len;
515 		kbuf.buf_align = PAGE_SIZE;
516 		kbuf.buf_min = MIN_INITRD_LOAD_ADDR;
517 		kbuf.mem = KEXEC_BUF_MEM_UNKNOWN;
518 		ret = kexec_add_buffer(&kbuf);
519 		if (ret)
520 			goto out_free_params;
521 		initrd_load_addr = kbuf.mem;
522 
523 		pr_debug("Loaded initrd at 0x%lx bufsz=0x%lx memsz=0x%lx\n",
524 				initrd_load_addr, initrd_len, initrd_len);
525 
526 		setup_initrd(params, initrd_load_addr, initrd_len);
527 	}
528 
529 	setup_cmdline(image, params, bootparam_load_addr,
530 		      sizeof(struct boot_params), cmdline, cmdline_len);
531 
532 	/* bootloader info. Do we need a separate ID for kexec kernel loader? */
533 	params->hdr.type_of_loader = 0x0D << 4;
534 	params->hdr.loadflags = 0;
535 
536 	/* Setup purgatory regs for entry */
537 	ret = kexec_purgatory_get_set_symbol(image, "entry64_regs", &regs64,
538 					     sizeof(regs64), 1);
539 	if (ret)
540 		goto out_free_params;
541 
542 	regs64.rbx = 0; /* Bootstrap Processor */
543 	regs64.rsi = bootparam_load_addr;
544 	regs64.rip = kernel_load_addr + 0x200;
545 	stack = kexec_purgatory_get_symbol_addr(image, "stack_end");
546 	if (IS_ERR(stack)) {
547 		pr_err("Could not find address of symbol stack_end\n");
548 		ret = -EINVAL;
549 		goto out_free_params;
550 	}
551 
552 	regs64.rsp = (unsigned long)stack;
553 	ret = kexec_purgatory_get_set_symbol(image, "entry64_regs", &regs64,
554 					     sizeof(regs64), 0);
555 	if (ret)
556 		goto out_free_params;
557 
558 	ret = setup_boot_parameters(image, params, bootparam_load_addr,
559 				    efi_map_offset, efi_map_sz,
560 				    efi_setup_data_offset);
561 	if (ret)
562 		goto out_free_params;
563 
564 	/* Allocate loader specific data */
565 	ldata = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bzimage64_data), GFP_KERNEL);
566 	if (!ldata) {
567 		ret = -ENOMEM;
568 		goto out_free_params;
569 	}
570 
571 	/*
572 	 * Store pointer to params so that it could be freed after loading
573 	 * params segment has been loaded and contents have been copied
574 	 * somewhere else.
575 	 */
576 	ldata->bootparams_buf = params;
577 	return ldata;
578 
579 out_free_params:
580 	kfree(params);
581 	return ERR_PTR(ret);
582 }
583 
584 /* This cleanup function is called after various segments have been loaded */
585 static int bzImage64_cleanup(void *loader_data)
586 {
587 	struct bzimage64_data *ldata = loader_data;
588 
589 	if (!ldata)
590 		return 0;
591 
592 	kfree(ldata->bootparams_buf);
593 	ldata->bootparams_buf = NULL;
594 
595 	return 0;
596 }
597 
598 const struct kexec_file_ops kexec_bzImage64_ops = {
599 	.probe = bzImage64_probe,
600 	.load = bzImage64_load,
601 	.cleanup = bzImage64_cleanup,
602 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_BZIMAGE_VERIFY_SIG
603 	.verify_sig = kexec_kernel_verify_pe_sig,
604 #endif
605 };
606