1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 2 /* 3 * kaslr.c 4 * 5 * This contains the routines needed to generate a reasonable level of 6 * entropy to choose a randomized kernel base address offset in support 7 * of Kernel Address Space Layout Randomization (KASLR). Additionally 8 * handles walking the physical memory maps (and tracking memory regions 9 * to avoid) in order to select a physical memory location that can 10 * contain the entire properly aligned running kernel image. 11 * 12 */ 13 14 /* 15 * isspace() in linux/ctype.h is expected by next_args() to filter 16 * out "space/lf/tab". While boot/ctype.h conflicts with linux/ctype.h, 17 * since isdigit() is implemented in both of them. Hence disable it 18 * here. 19 */ 20 #define BOOT_CTYPE_H 21 22 /* 23 * _ctype[] in lib/ctype.c is needed by isspace() of linux/ctype.h. 24 * While both lib/ctype.c and lib/cmdline.c will bring EXPORT_SYMBOL 25 * which is meaningless and will cause compiling error in some cases. 26 * So do not include linux/export.h and define EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym) 27 * as empty. 28 */ 29 #define _LINUX_EXPORT_H 30 #define EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym) 31 32 #include "misc.h" 33 #include "error.h" 34 #include "../string.h" 35 36 #include <generated/compile.h> 37 #include <linux/module.h> 38 #include <linux/uts.h> 39 #include <linux/utsname.h> 40 #include <linux/ctype.h> 41 #include <linux/efi.h> 42 #include <generated/utsrelease.h> 43 #include <asm/efi.h> 44 45 /* Macros used by the included decompressor code below. */ 46 #define STATIC 47 #include <linux/decompress/mm.h> 48 49 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL 50 unsigned int __pgtable_l5_enabled; 51 unsigned int pgdir_shift __ro_after_init = 39; 52 unsigned int ptrs_per_p4d __ro_after_init = 1; 53 #endif 54 55 extern unsigned long get_cmd_line_ptr(void); 56 57 /* Used by PAGE_KERN* macros: */ 58 pteval_t __default_kernel_pte_mask __read_mostly = ~0; 59 60 /* Simplified build-specific string for starting entropy. */ 61 static const char build_str[] = UTS_RELEASE " (" LINUX_COMPILE_BY "@" 62 LINUX_COMPILE_HOST ") (" LINUX_COMPILER ") " UTS_VERSION; 63 64 static unsigned long rotate_xor(unsigned long hash, const void *area, 65 size_t size) 66 { 67 size_t i; 68 unsigned long *ptr = (unsigned long *)area; 69 70 for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof(hash); i++) { 71 /* Rotate by odd number of bits and XOR. */ 72 hash = (hash << ((sizeof(hash) * 8) - 7)) | (hash >> 7); 73 hash ^= ptr[i]; 74 } 75 76 return hash; 77 } 78 79 /* Attempt to create a simple but unpredictable starting entropy. */ 80 static unsigned long get_boot_seed(void) 81 { 82 unsigned long hash = 0; 83 84 hash = rotate_xor(hash, build_str, sizeof(build_str)); 85 hash = rotate_xor(hash, boot_params, sizeof(*boot_params)); 86 87 return hash; 88 } 89 90 #define KASLR_COMPRESSED_BOOT 91 #include "../../lib/kaslr.c" 92 93 struct mem_vector { 94 unsigned long long start; 95 unsigned long long size; 96 }; 97 98 /* Only supporting at most 4 unusable memmap regions with kaslr */ 99 #define MAX_MEMMAP_REGIONS 4 100 101 static bool memmap_too_large; 102 103 104 /* Store memory limit specified by "mem=nn[KMG]" or "memmap=nn[KMG]" */ 105 unsigned long long mem_limit = ULLONG_MAX; 106 107 108 enum mem_avoid_index { 109 MEM_AVOID_ZO_RANGE = 0, 110 MEM_AVOID_INITRD, 111 MEM_AVOID_CMDLINE, 112 MEM_AVOID_BOOTPARAMS, 113 MEM_AVOID_MEMMAP_BEGIN, 114 MEM_AVOID_MEMMAP_END = MEM_AVOID_MEMMAP_BEGIN + MAX_MEMMAP_REGIONS - 1, 115 MEM_AVOID_MAX, 116 }; 117 118 static struct mem_vector mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_MAX]; 119 120 static bool mem_overlaps(struct mem_vector *one, struct mem_vector *two) 121 { 122 /* Item one is entirely before item two. */ 123 if (one->start + one->size <= two->start) 124 return false; 125 /* Item one is entirely after item two. */ 126 if (one->start >= two->start + two->size) 127 return false; 128 return true; 129 } 130 131 char *skip_spaces(const char *str) 132 { 133 while (isspace(*str)) 134 ++str; 135 return (char *)str; 136 } 137 #include "../../../../lib/ctype.c" 138 #include "../../../../lib/cmdline.c" 139 140 static int 141 parse_memmap(char *p, unsigned long long *start, unsigned long long *size) 142 { 143 char *oldp; 144 145 if (!p) 146 return -EINVAL; 147 148 /* We don't care about this option here */ 149 if (!strncmp(p, "exactmap", 8)) 150 return -EINVAL; 151 152 oldp = p; 153 *size = memparse(p, &p); 154 if (p == oldp) 155 return -EINVAL; 156 157 switch (*p) { 158 case '#': 159 case '$': 160 case '!': 161 *start = memparse(p + 1, &p); 162 return 0; 163 case '@': 164 /* memmap=nn@ss specifies usable region, should be skipped */ 165 *size = 0; 166 /* Fall through */ 167 default: 168 /* 169 * If w/o offset, only size specified, memmap=nn[KMG] has the 170 * same behaviour as mem=nn[KMG]. It limits the max address 171 * system can use. Region above the limit should be avoided. 172 */ 173 *start = 0; 174 return 0; 175 } 176 177 return -EINVAL; 178 } 179 180 static void mem_avoid_memmap(char *str) 181 { 182 static int i; 183 184 if (i >= MAX_MEMMAP_REGIONS) 185 return; 186 187 while (str && (i < MAX_MEMMAP_REGIONS)) { 188 int rc; 189 unsigned long long start, size; 190 char *k = strchr(str, ','); 191 192 if (k) 193 *k++ = 0; 194 195 rc = parse_memmap(str, &start, &size); 196 if (rc < 0) 197 break; 198 str = k; 199 200 if (start == 0) { 201 /* Store the specified memory limit if size > 0 */ 202 if (size > 0) 203 mem_limit = size; 204 205 continue; 206 } 207 208 mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_MEMMAP_BEGIN + i].start = start; 209 mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_MEMMAP_BEGIN + i].size = size; 210 i++; 211 } 212 213 /* More than 4 memmaps, fail kaslr */ 214 if ((i >= MAX_MEMMAP_REGIONS) && str) 215 memmap_too_large = true; 216 } 217 218 static int handle_mem_memmap(void) 219 { 220 char *args = (char *)get_cmd_line_ptr(); 221 size_t len = strlen((char *)args); 222 char *tmp_cmdline; 223 char *param, *val; 224 u64 mem_size; 225 226 if (!strstr(args, "memmap=") && !strstr(args, "mem=")) 227 return 0; 228 229 tmp_cmdline = malloc(len + 1); 230 if (!tmp_cmdline) 231 error("Failed to allocate space for tmp_cmdline"); 232 233 memcpy(tmp_cmdline, args, len); 234 tmp_cmdline[len] = 0; 235 args = tmp_cmdline; 236 237 /* Chew leading spaces */ 238 args = skip_spaces(args); 239 240 while (*args) { 241 args = next_arg(args, ¶m, &val); 242 /* Stop at -- */ 243 if (!val && strcmp(param, "--") == 0) { 244 warn("Only '--' specified in cmdline"); 245 free(tmp_cmdline); 246 return -1; 247 } 248 249 if (!strcmp(param, "memmap")) { 250 mem_avoid_memmap(val); 251 } else if (!strcmp(param, "mem")) { 252 char *p = val; 253 254 if (!strcmp(p, "nopentium")) 255 continue; 256 mem_size = memparse(p, &p); 257 if (mem_size == 0) { 258 free(tmp_cmdline); 259 return -EINVAL; 260 } 261 mem_limit = mem_size; 262 } 263 } 264 265 free(tmp_cmdline); 266 return 0; 267 } 268 269 /* 270 * In theory, KASLR can put the kernel anywhere in the range of [16M, 64T). 271 * The mem_avoid array is used to store the ranges that need to be avoided 272 * when KASLR searches for an appropriate random address. We must avoid any 273 * regions that are unsafe to overlap with during decompression, and other 274 * things like the initrd, cmdline and boot_params. This comment seeks to 275 * explain mem_avoid as clearly as possible since incorrect mem_avoid 276 * memory ranges lead to really hard to debug boot failures. 277 * 278 * The initrd, cmdline, and boot_params are trivial to identify for 279 * avoiding. They are MEM_AVOID_INITRD, MEM_AVOID_CMDLINE, and 280 * MEM_AVOID_BOOTPARAMS respectively below. 281 * 282 * What is not obvious how to avoid is the range of memory that is used 283 * during decompression (MEM_AVOID_ZO_RANGE below). This range must cover 284 * the compressed kernel (ZO) and its run space, which is used to extract 285 * the uncompressed kernel (VO) and relocs. 286 * 287 * ZO's full run size sits against the end of the decompression buffer, so 288 * we can calculate where text, data, bss, etc of ZO are positioned more 289 * easily. 290 * 291 * For additional background, the decompression calculations can be found 292 * in header.S, and the memory diagram is based on the one found in misc.c. 293 * 294 * The following conditions are already enforced by the image layouts and 295 * associated code: 296 * - input + input_size >= output + output_size 297 * - kernel_total_size <= init_size 298 * - kernel_total_size <= output_size (see Note below) 299 * - output + init_size >= output + output_size 300 * 301 * (Note that kernel_total_size and output_size have no fundamental 302 * relationship, but output_size is passed to choose_random_location 303 * as a maximum of the two. The diagram is showing a case where 304 * kernel_total_size is larger than output_size, but this case is 305 * handled by bumping output_size.) 306 * 307 * The above conditions can be illustrated by a diagram: 308 * 309 * 0 output input input+input_size output+init_size 310 * | | | | | 311 * | | | | | 312 * |-----|--------|--------|--------------|-----------|--|-------------| 313 * | | | 314 * | | | 315 * output+init_size-ZO_INIT_SIZE output+output_size output+kernel_total_size 316 * 317 * [output, output+init_size) is the entire memory range used for 318 * extracting the compressed image. 319 * 320 * [output, output+kernel_total_size) is the range needed for the 321 * uncompressed kernel (VO) and its run size (bss, brk, etc). 322 * 323 * [output, output+output_size) is VO plus relocs (i.e. the entire 324 * uncompressed payload contained by ZO). This is the area of the buffer 325 * written to during decompression. 326 * 327 * [output+init_size-ZO_INIT_SIZE, output+init_size) is the worst-case 328 * range of the copied ZO and decompression code. (i.e. the range 329 * covered backwards of size ZO_INIT_SIZE, starting from output+init_size.) 330 * 331 * [input, input+input_size) is the original copied compressed image (ZO) 332 * (i.e. it does not include its run size). This range must be avoided 333 * because it contains the data used for decompression. 334 * 335 * [input+input_size, output+init_size) is [_text, _end) for ZO. This 336 * range includes ZO's heap and stack, and must be avoided since it 337 * performs the decompression. 338 * 339 * Since the above two ranges need to be avoided and they are adjacent, 340 * they can be merged, resulting in: [input, output+init_size) which 341 * becomes the MEM_AVOID_ZO_RANGE below. 342 */ 343 static void mem_avoid_init(unsigned long input, unsigned long input_size, 344 unsigned long output) 345 { 346 unsigned long init_size = boot_params->hdr.init_size; 347 u64 initrd_start, initrd_size; 348 u64 cmd_line, cmd_line_size; 349 char *ptr; 350 351 /* 352 * Avoid the region that is unsafe to overlap during 353 * decompression. 354 */ 355 mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_ZO_RANGE].start = input; 356 mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_ZO_RANGE].size = (output + init_size) - input; 357 add_identity_map(mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_ZO_RANGE].start, 358 mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_ZO_RANGE].size); 359 360 /* Avoid initrd. */ 361 initrd_start = (u64)boot_params->ext_ramdisk_image << 32; 362 initrd_start |= boot_params->hdr.ramdisk_image; 363 initrd_size = (u64)boot_params->ext_ramdisk_size << 32; 364 initrd_size |= boot_params->hdr.ramdisk_size; 365 mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_INITRD].start = initrd_start; 366 mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_INITRD].size = initrd_size; 367 /* No need to set mapping for initrd, it will be handled in VO. */ 368 369 /* Avoid kernel command line. */ 370 cmd_line = (u64)boot_params->ext_cmd_line_ptr << 32; 371 cmd_line |= boot_params->hdr.cmd_line_ptr; 372 /* Calculate size of cmd_line. */ 373 ptr = (char *)(unsigned long)cmd_line; 374 for (cmd_line_size = 0; ptr[cmd_line_size++];) 375 ; 376 mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_CMDLINE].start = cmd_line; 377 mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_CMDLINE].size = cmd_line_size; 378 add_identity_map(mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_CMDLINE].start, 379 mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_CMDLINE].size); 380 381 /* Avoid boot parameters. */ 382 mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_BOOTPARAMS].start = (unsigned long)boot_params; 383 mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_BOOTPARAMS].size = sizeof(*boot_params); 384 add_identity_map(mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_BOOTPARAMS].start, 385 mem_avoid[MEM_AVOID_BOOTPARAMS].size); 386 387 /* We don't need to set a mapping for setup_data. */ 388 389 /* Mark the memmap regions we need to avoid */ 390 handle_mem_memmap(); 391 392 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_VERBOSE_BOOTUP 393 /* Make sure video RAM can be used. */ 394 add_identity_map(0, PMD_SIZE); 395 #endif 396 } 397 398 /* 399 * Does this memory vector overlap a known avoided area? If so, record the 400 * overlap region with the lowest address. 401 */ 402 static bool mem_avoid_overlap(struct mem_vector *img, 403 struct mem_vector *overlap) 404 { 405 int i; 406 struct setup_data *ptr; 407 unsigned long earliest = img->start + img->size; 408 bool is_overlapping = false; 409 410 for (i = 0; i < MEM_AVOID_MAX; i++) { 411 if (mem_overlaps(img, &mem_avoid[i]) && 412 mem_avoid[i].start < earliest) { 413 *overlap = mem_avoid[i]; 414 earliest = overlap->start; 415 is_overlapping = true; 416 } 417 } 418 419 /* Avoid all entries in the setup_data linked list. */ 420 ptr = (struct setup_data *)(unsigned long)boot_params->hdr.setup_data; 421 while (ptr) { 422 struct mem_vector avoid; 423 424 avoid.start = (unsigned long)ptr; 425 avoid.size = sizeof(*ptr) + ptr->len; 426 427 if (mem_overlaps(img, &avoid) && (avoid.start < earliest)) { 428 *overlap = avoid; 429 earliest = overlap->start; 430 is_overlapping = true; 431 } 432 433 ptr = (struct setup_data *)(unsigned long)ptr->next; 434 } 435 436 return is_overlapping; 437 } 438 439 struct slot_area { 440 unsigned long addr; 441 int num; 442 }; 443 444 #define MAX_SLOT_AREA 100 445 446 static struct slot_area slot_areas[MAX_SLOT_AREA]; 447 448 static unsigned long slot_max; 449 450 static unsigned long slot_area_index; 451 452 static void store_slot_info(struct mem_vector *region, unsigned long image_size) 453 { 454 struct slot_area slot_area; 455 456 if (slot_area_index == MAX_SLOT_AREA) 457 return; 458 459 slot_area.addr = region->start; 460 slot_area.num = (region->size - image_size) / 461 CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN + 1; 462 463 if (slot_area.num > 0) { 464 slot_areas[slot_area_index++] = slot_area; 465 slot_max += slot_area.num; 466 } 467 } 468 469 static unsigned long slots_fetch_random(void) 470 { 471 unsigned long slot; 472 int i; 473 474 /* Handle case of no slots stored. */ 475 if (slot_max == 0) 476 return 0; 477 478 slot = kaslr_get_random_long("Physical") % slot_max; 479 480 for (i = 0; i < slot_area_index; i++) { 481 if (slot >= slot_areas[i].num) { 482 slot -= slot_areas[i].num; 483 continue; 484 } 485 return slot_areas[i].addr + slot * CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN; 486 } 487 488 if (i == slot_area_index) 489 debug_putstr("slots_fetch_random() failed!?\n"); 490 return 0; 491 } 492 493 static void process_mem_region(struct mem_vector *entry, 494 unsigned long minimum, 495 unsigned long image_size) 496 { 497 struct mem_vector region, overlap; 498 struct slot_area slot_area; 499 unsigned long start_orig, end; 500 struct mem_vector cur_entry; 501 502 /* On 32-bit, ignore entries entirely above our maximum. */ 503 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_32) && entry->start >= KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE) 504 return; 505 506 /* Ignore entries entirely below our minimum. */ 507 if (entry->start + entry->size < minimum) 508 return; 509 510 /* Ignore entries above memory limit */ 511 end = min(entry->size + entry->start, mem_limit); 512 if (entry->start >= end) 513 return; 514 cur_entry.start = entry->start; 515 cur_entry.size = end - entry->start; 516 517 region.start = cur_entry.start; 518 region.size = cur_entry.size; 519 520 /* Give up if slot area array is full. */ 521 while (slot_area_index < MAX_SLOT_AREA) { 522 start_orig = region.start; 523 524 /* Potentially raise address to minimum location. */ 525 if (region.start < minimum) 526 region.start = minimum; 527 528 /* Potentially raise address to meet alignment needs. */ 529 region.start = ALIGN(region.start, CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN); 530 531 /* Did we raise the address above the passed in memory entry? */ 532 if (region.start > cur_entry.start + cur_entry.size) 533 return; 534 535 /* Reduce size by any delta from the original address. */ 536 region.size -= region.start - start_orig; 537 538 /* On 32-bit, reduce region size to fit within max size. */ 539 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_32) && 540 region.start + region.size > KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE) 541 region.size = KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE - region.start; 542 543 /* Return if region can't contain decompressed kernel */ 544 if (region.size < image_size) 545 return; 546 547 /* If nothing overlaps, store the region and return. */ 548 if (!mem_avoid_overlap(®ion, &overlap)) { 549 store_slot_info(®ion, image_size); 550 return; 551 } 552 553 /* Store beginning of region if holds at least image_size. */ 554 if (overlap.start > region.start + image_size) { 555 struct mem_vector beginning; 556 557 beginning.start = region.start; 558 beginning.size = overlap.start - region.start; 559 store_slot_info(&beginning, image_size); 560 } 561 562 /* Return if overlap extends to or past end of region. */ 563 if (overlap.start + overlap.size >= region.start + region.size) 564 return; 565 566 /* Clip off the overlapping region and start over. */ 567 region.size -= overlap.start - region.start + overlap.size; 568 region.start = overlap.start + overlap.size; 569 } 570 } 571 572 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI 573 /* 574 * Returns true if mirror region found (and must have been processed 575 * for slots adding) 576 */ 577 static bool 578 process_efi_entries(unsigned long minimum, unsigned long image_size) 579 { 580 struct efi_info *e = &boot_params->efi_info; 581 bool efi_mirror_found = false; 582 struct mem_vector region; 583 efi_memory_desc_t *md; 584 unsigned long pmap; 585 char *signature; 586 u32 nr_desc; 587 int i; 588 589 signature = (char *)&e->efi_loader_signature; 590 if (strncmp(signature, EFI32_LOADER_SIGNATURE, 4) && 591 strncmp(signature, EFI64_LOADER_SIGNATURE, 4)) 592 return false; 593 594 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32 595 /* Can't handle data above 4GB at this time */ 596 if (e->efi_memmap_hi) { 597 warn("EFI memmap is above 4GB, can't be handled now on x86_32. EFI should be disabled.\n"); 598 return false; 599 } 600 pmap = e->efi_memmap; 601 #else 602 pmap = (e->efi_memmap | ((__u64)e->efi_memmap_hi << 32)); 603 #endif 604 605 nr_desc = e->efi_memmap_size / e->efi_memdesc_size; 606 for (i = 0; i < nr_desc; i++) { 607 md = efi_early_memdesc_ptr(pmap, e->efi_memdesc_size, i); 608 if (md->attribute & EFI_MEMORY_MORE_RELIABLE) { 609 efi_mirror_found = true; 610 break; 611 } 612 } 613 614 for (i = 0; i < nr_desc; i++) { 615 md = efi_early_memdesc_ptr(pmap, e->efi_memdesc_size, i); 616 617 /* 618 * Here we are more conservative in picking free memory than 619 * the EFI spec allows: 620 * 621 * According to the spec, EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_{CODE|DATA} are also 622 * free memory and thus available to place the kernel image into, 623 * but in practice there's firmware where using that memory leads 624 * to crashes. 625 * 626 * Only EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY is guaranteed to be free. 627 */ 628 if (md->type != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY) 629 continue; 630 631 if (efi_mirror_found && 632 !(md->attribute & EFI_MEMORY_MORE_RELIABLE)) 633 continue; 634 635 region.start = md->phys_addr; 636 region.size = md->num_pages << EFI_PAGE_SHIFT; 637 process_mem_region(®ion, minimum, image_size); 638 if (slot_area_index == MAX_SLOT_AREA) { 639 debug_putstr("Aborted EFI scan (slot_areas full)!\n"); 640 break; 641 } 642 } 643 return true; 644 } 645 #else 646 static inline bool 647 process_efi_entries(unsigned long minimum, unsigned long image_size) 648 { 649 return false; 650 } 651 #endif 652 653 static void process_e820_entries(unsigned long minimum, 654 unsigned long image_size) 655 { 656 int i; 657 struct mem_vector region; 658 struct boot_e820_entry *entry; 659 660 /* Verify potential e820 positions, appending to slots list. */ 661 for (i = 0; i < boot_params->e820_entries; i++) { 662 entry = &boot_params->e820_table[i]; 663 /* Skip non-RAM entries. */ 664 if (entry->type != E820_TYPE_RAM) 665 continue; 666 region.start = entry->addr; 667 region.size = entry->size; 668 process_mem_region(®ion, minimum, image_size); 669 if (slot_area_index == MAX_SLOT_AREA) { 670 debug_putstr("Aborted e820 scan (slot_areas full)!\n"); 671 break; 672 } 673 } 674 } 675 676 static unsigned long find_random_phys_addr(unsigned long minimum, 677 unsigned long image_size) 678 { 679 /* Check if we had too many memmaps. */ 680 if (memmap_too_large) { 681 debug_putstr("Aborted memory entries scan (more than 4 memmap= args)!\n"); 682 return 0; 683 } 684 685 /* Make sure minimum is aligned. */ 686 minimum = ALIGN(minimum, CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN); 687 688 if (process_efi_entries(minimum, image_size)) 689 return slots_fetch_random(); 690 691 process_e820_entries(minimum, image_size); 692 return slots_fetch_random(); 693 } 694 695 static unsigned long find_random_virt_addr(unsigned long minimum, 696 unsigned long image_size) 697 { 698 unsigned long slots, random_addr; 699 700 /* Make sure minimum is aligned. */ 701 minimum = ALIGN(minimum, CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN); 702 /* Align image_size for easy slot calculations. */ 703 image_size = ALIGN(image_size, CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN); 704 705 /* 706 * There are how many CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN-sized slots 707 * that can hold image_size within the range of minimum to 708 * KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE? 709 */ 710 slots = (KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE - minimum - image_size) / 711 CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN + 1; 712 713 random_addr = kaslr_get_random_long("Virtual") % slots; 714 715 return random_addr * CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN + minimum; 716 } 717 718 /* 719 * Since this function examines addresses much more numerically, 720 * it takes the input and output pointers as 'unsigned long'. 721 */ 722 void choose_random_location(unsigned long input, 723 unsigned long input_size, 724 unsigned long *output, 725 unsigned long output_size, 726 unsigned long *virt_addr) 727 { 728 unsigned long random_addr, min_addr; 729 730 if (cmdline_find_option_bool("nokaslr")) { 731 warn("KASLR disabled: 'nokaslr' on cmdline."); 732 return; 733 } 734 735 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL 736 if (__read_cr4() & X86_CR4_LA57) { 737 __pgtable_l5_enabled = 1; 738 pgdir_shift = 48; 739 ptrs_per_p4d = 512; 740 } 741 #endif 742 743 boot_params->hdr.loadflags |= KASLR_FLAG; 744 745 /* Prepare to add new identity pagetables on demand. */ 746 initialize_identity_maps(); 747 748 /* Record the various known unsafe memory ranges. */ 749 mem_avoid_init(input, input_size, *output); 750 751 /* 752 * Low end of the randomization range should be the 753 * smaller of 512M or the initial kernel image 754 * location: 755 */ 756 min_addr = min(*output, 512UL << 20); 757 758 /* Walk available memory entries to find a random address. */ 759 random_addr = find_random_phys_addr(min_addr, output_size); 760 if (!random_addr) { 761 warn("Physical KASLR disabled: no suitable memory region!"); 762 } else { 763 /* Update the new physical address location. */ 764 if (*output != random_addr) { 765 add_identity_map(random_addr, output_size); 766 *output = random_addr; 767 } 768 769 /* 770 * This loads the identity mapping page table. 771 * This should only be done if a new physical address 772 * is found for the kernel, otherwise we should keep 773 * the old page table to make it be like the "nokaslr" 774 * case. 775 */ 776 finalize_identity_maps(); 777 } 778 779 780 /* Pick random virtual address starting from LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR. */ 781 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64)) 782 random_addr = find_random_virt_addr(LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR, output_size); 783 *virt_addr = random_addr; 784 } 785