1 /*
2  * ARMv8 single-step debug support and mdscr context switching.
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Limited
5  *
6  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
9  *
10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
13  * GNU General Public License for more details.
14  *
15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16  * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
17  *
18  * Author: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
19  */
20 
21 #include <linux/cpu.h>
22 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
23 #include <linux/hardirq.h>
24 #include <linux/init.h>
25 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
26 #include <linux/stat.h>
27 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
28 
29 #include <asm/debug-monitors.h>
30 #include <asm/cputype.h>
31 #include <asm/system_misc.h>
32 
33 /* Low-level stepping controls. */
34 #define DBG_MDSCR_SS		(1 << 0)
35 #define DBG_SPSR_SS		(1 << 21)
36 
37 /* MDSCR_EL1 enabling bits */
38 #define DBG_MDSCR_KDE		(1 << 13)
39 #define DBG_MDSCR_MDE		(1 << 15)
40 #define DBG_MDSCR_MASK		~(DBG_MDSCR_KDE | DBG_MDSCR_MDE)
41 
42 /* Determine debug architecture. */
43 u8 debug_monitors_arch(void)
44 {
45 	return read_cpuid(ID_AA64DFR0_EL1) & 0xf;
46 }
47 
48 /*
49  * MDSCR access routines.
50  */
51 static void mdscr_write(u32 mdscr)
52 {
53 	unsigned long flags;
54 	local_dbg_save(flags);
55 	asm volatile("msr mdscr_el1, %0" :: "r" (mdscr));
56 	local_dbg_restore(flags);
57 }
58 
59 static u32 mdscr_read(void)
60 {
61 	u32 mdscr;
62 	asm volatile("mrs %0, mdscr_el1" : "=r" (mdscr));
63 	return mdscr;
64 }
65 
66 /*
67  * Allow root to disable self-hosted debug from userspace.
68  * This is useful if you want to connect an external JTAG debugger.
69  */
70 static u32 debug_enabled = 1;
71 
72 static int create_debug_debugfs_entry(void)
73 {
74 	debugfs_create_bool("debug_enabled", 0644, NULL, &debug_enabled);
75 	return 0;
76 }
77 fs_initcall(create_debug_debugfs_entry);
78 
79 static int __init early_debug_disable(char *buf)
80 {
81 	debug_enabled = 0;
82 	return 0;
83 }
84 
85 early_param("nodebugmon", early_debug_disable);
86 
87 /*
88  * Keep track of debug users on each core.
89  * The ref counts are per-cpu so we use a local_t type.
90  */
91 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, mde_ref_count);
92 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, kde_ref_count);
93 
94 void enable_debug_monitors(enum debug_el el)
95 {
96 	u32 mdscr, enable = 0;
97 
98 	WARN_ON(preemptible());
99 
100 	if (this_cpu_inc_return(mde_ref_count) == 1)
101 		enable = DBG_MDSCR_MDE;
102 
103 	if (el == DBG_ACTIVE_EL1 &&
104 	    this_cpu_inc_return(kde_ref_count) == 1)
105 		enable |= DBG_MDSCR_KDE;
106 
107 	if (enable && debug_enabled) {
108 		mdscr = mdscr_read();
109 		mdscr |= enable;
110 		mdscr_write(mdscr);
111 	}
112 }
113 
114 void disable_debug_monitors(enum debug_el el)
115 {
116 	u32 mdscr, disable = 0;
117 
118 	WARN_ON(preemptible());
119 
120 	if (this_cpu_dec_return(mde_ref_count) == 0)
121 		disable = ~DBG_MDSCR_MDE;
122 
123 	if (el == DBG_ACTIVE_EL1 &&
124 	    this_cpu_dec_return(kde_ref_count) == 0)
125 		disable &= ~DBG_MDSCR_KDE;
126 
127 	if (disable) {
128 		mdscr = mdscr_read();
129 		mdscr &= disable;
130 		mdscr_write(mdscr);
131 	}
132 }
133 
134 /*
135  * OS lock clearing.
136  */
137 static void clear_os_lock(void *unused)
138 {
139 	asm volatile("msr oslar_el1, %0" : : "r" (0));
140 }
141 
142 static int os_lock_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
143 				    unsigned long action, void *data)
144 {
145 	int cpu = (unsigned long)data;
146 	if (action == CPU_ONLINE)
147 		smp_call_function_single(cpu, clear_os_lock, NULL, 1);
148 	return NOTIFY_OK;
149 }
150 
151 static struct notifier_block os_lock_nb = {
152 	.notifier_call = os_lock_notify,
153 };
154 
155 static int debug_monitors_init(void)
156 {
157 	cpu_notifier_register_begin();
158 
159 	/* Clear the OS lock. */
160 	on_each_cpu(clear_os_lock, NULL, 1);
161 	isb();
162 	local_dbg_enable();
163 
164 	/* Register hotplug handler. */
165 	__register_cpu_notifier(&os_lock_nb);
166 
167 	cpu_notifier_register_done();
168 	return 0;
169 }
170 postcore_initcall(debug_monitors_init);
171 
172 /*
173  * Single step API and exception handling.
174  */
175 static void set_regs_spsr_ss(struct pt_regs *regs)
176 {
177 	unsigned long spsr;
178 
179 	spsr = regs->pstate;
180 	spsr &= ~DBG_SPSR_SS;
181 	spsr |= DBG_SPSR_SS;
182 	regs->pstate = spsr;
183 }
184 
185 static void clear_regs_spsr_ss(struct pt_regs *regs)
186 {
187 	unsigned long spsr;
188 
189 	spsr = regs->pstate;
190 	spsr &= ~DBG_SPSR_SS;
191 	regs->pstate = spsr;
192 }
193 
194 /* EL1 Single Step Handler hooks */
195 static LIST_HEAD(step_hook);
196 static DEFINE_RWLOCK(step_hook_lock);
197 
198 void register_step_hook(struct step_hook *hook)
199 {
200 	write_lock(&step_hook_lock);
201 	list_add(&hook->node, &step_hook);
202 	write_unlock(&step_hook_lock);
203 }
204 
205 void unregister_step_hook(struct step_hook *hook)
206 {
207 	write_lock(&step_hook_lock);
208 	list_del(&hook->node);
209 	write_unlock(&step_hook_lock);
210 }
211 
212 /*
213  * Call registered single step handers
214  * There is no Syndrome info to check for determining the handler.
215  * So we call all the registered handlers, until the right handler is
216  * found which returns zero.
217  */
218 static int call_step_hook(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned int esr)
219 {
220 	struct step_hook *hook;
221 	int retval = DBG_HOOK_ERROR;
222 
223 	read_lock(&step_hook_lock);
224 
225 	list_for_each_entry(hook, &step_hook, node)	{
226 		retval = hook->fn(regs, esr);
227 		if (retval == DBG_HOOK_HANDLED)
228 			break;
229 	}
230 
231 	read_unlock(&step_hook_lock);
232 
233 	return retval;
234 }
235 
236 static int single_step_handler(unsigned long addr, unsigned int esr,
237 			       struct pt_regs *regs)
238 {
239 	siginfo_t info;
240 
241 	/*
242 	 * If we are stepping a pending breakpoint, call the hw_breakpoint
243 	 * handler first.
244 	 */
245 	if (!reinstall_suspended_bps(regs))
246 		return 0;
247 
248 	if (user_mode(regs)) {
249 		info.si_signo = SIGTRAP;
250 		info.si_errno = 0;
251 		info.si_code  = TRAP_HWBKPT;
252 		info.si_addr  = (void __user *)instruction_pointer(regs);
253 		force_sig_info(SIGTRAP, &info, current);
254 
255 		/*
256 		 * ptrace will disable single step unless explicitly
257 		 * asked to re-enable it. For other clients, it makes
258 		 * sense to leave it enabled (i.e. rewind the controls
259 		 * to the active-not-pending state).
260 		 */
261 		user_rewind_single_step(current);
262 	} else {
263 		if (call_step_hook(regs, esr) == DBG_HOOK_HANDLED)
264 			return 0;
265 
266 		pr_warning("Unexpected kernel single-step exception at EL1\n");
267 		/*
268 		 * Re-enable stepping since we know that we will be
269 		 * returning to regs.
270 		 */
271 		set_regs_spsr_ss(regs);
272 	}
273 
274 	return 0;
275 }
276 
277 /*
278  * Breakpoint handler is re-entrant as another breakpoint can
279  * hit within breakpoint handler, especically in kprobes.
280  * Use reader/writer locks instead of plain spinlock.
281  */
282 static LIST_HEAD(break_hook);
283 static DEFINE_RWLOCK(break_hook_lock);
284 
285 void register_break_hook(struct break_hook *hook)
286 {
287 	write_lock(&break_hook_lock);
288 	list_add(&hook->node, &break_hook);
289 	write_unlock(&break_hook_lock);
290 }
291 
292 void unregister_break_hook(struct break_hook *hook)
293 {
294 	write_lock(&break_hook_lock);
295 	list_del(&hook->node);
296 	write_unlock(&break_hook_lock);
297 }
298 
299 static int call_break_hook(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned int esr)
300 {
301 	struct break_hook *hook;
302 	int (*fn)(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned int esr) = NULL;
303 
304 	read_lock(&break_hook_lock);
305 	list_for_each_entry(hook, &break_hook, node)
306 		if ((esr & hook->esr_mask) == hook->esr_val)
307 			fn = hook->fn;
308 	read_unlock(&break_hook_lock);
309 
310 	return fn ? fn(regs, esr) : DBG_HOOK_ERROR;
311 }
312 
313 static int brk_handler(unsigned long addr, unsigned int esr,
314 		       struct pt_regs *regs)
315 {
316 	siginfo_t info;
317 
318 	if (call_break_hook(regs, esr) == DBG_HOOK_HANDLED)
319 		return 0;
320 
321 	pr_warn("unexpected brk exception at %lx, esr=0x%x\n",
322 			(long)instruction_pointer(regs), esr);
323 
324 	if (!user_mode(regs))
325 		return -EFAULT;
326 
327 	info = (siginfo_t) {
328 		.si_signo = SIGTRAP,
329 		.si_errno = 0,
330 		.si_code  = TRAP_BRKPT,
331 		.si_addr  = (void __user *)instruction_pointer(regs),
332 	};
333 
334 	force_sig_info(SIGTRAP, &info, current);
335 	return 0;
336 }
337 
338 int aarch32_break_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
339 {
340 	siginfo_t info;
341 	u32 arm_instr;
342 	u16 thumb_instr;
343 	bool bp = false;
344 	void __user *pc = (void __user *)instruction_pointer(regs);
345 
346 	if (!compat_user_mode(regs))
347 		return -EFAULT;
348 
349 	if (compat_thumb_mode(regs)) {
350 		/* get 16-bit Thumb instruction */
351 		get_user(thumb_instr, (u16 __user *)pc);
352 		thumb_instr = le16_to_cpu(thumb_instr);
353 		if (thumb_instr == AARCH32_BREAK_THUMB2_LO) {
354 			/* get second half of 32-bit Thumb-2 instruction */
355 			get_user(thumb_instr, (u16 __user *)(pc + 2));
356 			thumb_instr = le16_to_cpu(thumb_instr);
357 			bp = thumb_instr == AARCH32_BREAK_THUMB2_HI;
358 		} else {
359 			bp = thumb_instr == AARCH32_BREAK_THUMB;
360 		}
361 	} else {
362 		/* 32-bit ARM instruction */
363 		get_user(arm_instr, (u32 __user *)pc);
364 		arm_instr = le32_to_cpu(arm_instr);
365 		bp = (arm_instr & ~0xf0000000) == AARCH32_BREAK_ARM;
366 	}
367 
368 	if (!bp)
369 		return -EFAULT;
370 
371 	info = (siginfo_t) {
372 		.si_signo = SIGTRAP,
373 		.si_errno = 0,
374 		.si_code  = TRAP_BRKPT,
375 		.si_addr  = pc,
376 	};
377 
378 	force_sig_info(SIGTRAP, &info, current);
379 	return 0;
380 }
381 
382 static int __init debug_traps_init(void)
383 {
384 	hook_debug_fault_code(DBG_ESR_EVT_HWSS, single_step_handler, SIGTRAP,
385 			      TRAP_HWBKPT, "single-step handler");
386 	hook_debug_fault_code(DBG_ESR_EVT_BRK, brk_handler, SIGTRAP,
387 			      TRAP_BRKPT, "ptrace BRK handler");
388 	return 0;
389 }
390 arch_initcall(debug_traps_init);
391 
392 /* Re-enable single step for syscall restarting. */
393 void user_rewind_single_step(struct task_struct *task)
394 {
395 	/*
396 	 * If single step is active for this thread, then set SPSR.SS
397 	 * to 1 to avoid returning to the active-pending state.
398 	 */
399 	if (test_ti_thread_flag(task_thread_info(task), TIF_SINGLESTEP))
400 		set_regs_spsr_ss(task_pt_regs(task));
401 }
402 
403 void user_fastforward_single_step(struct task_struct *task)
404 {
405 	if (test_ti_thread_flag(task_thread_info(task), TIF_SINGLESTEP))
406 		clear_regs_spsr_ss(task_pt_regs(task));
407 }
408 
409 /* Kernel API */
410 void kernel_enable_single_step(struct pt_regs *regs)
411 {
412 	WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());
413 	set_regs_spsr_ss(regs);
414 	mdscr_write(mdscr_read() | DBG_MDSCR_SS);
415 	enable_debug_monitors(DBG_ACTIVE_EL1);
416 }
417 
418 void kernel_disable_single_step(void)
419 {
420 	WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());
421 	mdscr_write(mdscr_read() & ~DBG_MDSCR_SS);
422 	disable_debug_monitors(DBG_ACTIVE_EL1);
423 }
424 
425 int kernel_active_single_step(void)
426 {
427 	WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());
428 	return mdscr_read() & DBG_MDSCR_SS;
429 }
430 
431 /* ptrace API */
432 void user_enable_single_step(struct task_struct *task)
433 {
434 	set_ti_thread_flag(task_thread_info(task), TIF_SINGLESTEP);
435 	set_regs_spsr_ss(task_pt_regs(task));
436 }
437 
438 void user_disable_single_step(struct task_struct *task)
439 {
440 	clear_ti_thread_flag(task_thread_info(task), TIF_SINGLESTEP);
441 }
442