1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * ARMv8 single-step debug support and mdscr context switching.
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Limited
6  *
7  * Author: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
8  */
9 
10 #include <linux/cpu.h>
11 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
12 #include <linux/hardirq.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
15 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
16 #include <linux/stat.h>
17 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
18 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
19 
20 #include <asm/cpufeature.h>
21 #include <asm/cputype.h>
22 #include <asm/daifflags.h>
23 #include <asm/debug-monitors.h>
24 #include <asm/system_misc.h>
25 #include <asm/traps.h>
26 
27 /* Determine debug architecture. */
28 u8 debug_monitors_arch(void)
29 {
30 	return cpuid_feature_extract_unsigned_field(read_sanitised_ftr_reg(SYS_ID_AA64DFR0_EL1),
31 						ID_AA64DFR0_EL1_DebugVer_SHIFT);
32 }
33 
34 /*
35  * MDSCR access routines.
36  */
37 static void mdscr_write(u32 mdscr)
38 {
39 	unsigned long flags;
40 	flags = local_daif_save();
41 	write_sysreg(mdscr, mdscr_el1);
42 	local_daif_restore(flags);
43 }
44 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(mdscr_write);
45 
46 static u32 mdscr_read(void)
47 {
48 	return read_sysreg(mdscr_el1);
49 }
50 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(mdscr_read);
51 
52 /*
53  * Allow root to disable self-hosted debug from userspace.
54  * This is useful if you want to connect an external JTAG debugger.
55  */
56 static bool debug_enabled = true;
57 
58 static int create_debug_debugfs_entry(void)
59 {
60 	debugfs_create_bool("debug_enabled", 0644, NULL, &debug_enabled);
61 	return 0;
62 }
63 fs_initcall(create_debug_debugfs_entry);
64 
65 static int __init early_debug_disable(char *buf)
66 {
67 	debug_enabled = false;
68 	return 0;
69 }
70 
71 early_param("nodebugmon", early_debug_disable);
72 
73 /*
74  * Keep track of debug users on each core.
75  * The ref counts are per-cpu so we use a local_t type.
76  */
77 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, mde_ref_count);
78 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, kde_ref_count);
79 
80 void enable_debug_monitors(enum dbg_active_el el)
81 {
82 	u32 mdscr, enable = 0;
83 
84 	WARN_ON(preemptible());
85 
86 	if (this_cpu_inc_return(mde_ref_count) == 1)
87 		enable = DBG_MDSCR_MDE;
88 
89 	if (el == DBG_ACTIVE_EL1 &&
90 	    this_cpu_inc_return(kde_ref_count) == 1)
91 		enable |= DBG_MDSCR_KDE;
92 
93 	if (enable && debug_enabled) {
94 		mdscr = mdscr_read();
95 		mdscr |= enable;
96 		mdscr_write(mdscr);
97 	}
98 }
99 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(enable_debug_monitors);
100 
101 void disable_debug_monitors(enum dbg_active_el el)
102 {
103 	u32 mdscr, disable = 0;
104 
105 	WARN_ON(preemptible());
106 
107 	if (this_cpu_dec_return(mde_ref_count) == 0)
108 		disable = ~DBG_MDSCR_MDE;
109 
110 	if (el == DBG_ACTIVE_EL1 &&
111 	    this_cpu_dec_return(kde_ref_count) == 0)
112 		disable &= ~DBG_MDSCR_KDE;
113 
114 	if (disable) {
115 		mdscr = mdscr_read();
116 		mdscr &= disable;
117 		mdscr_write(mdscr);
118 	}
119 }
120 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(disable_debug_monitors);
121 
122 /*
123  * OS lock clearing.
124  */
125 static int clear_os_lock(unsigned int cpu)
126 {
127 	write_sysreg(0, osdlr_el1);
128 	write_sysreg(0, oslar_el1);
129 	isb();
130 	return 0;
131 }
132 
133 static int __init debug_monitors_init(void)
134 {
135 	return cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ARM64_DEBUG_MONITORS_STARTING,
136 				 "arm64/debug_monitors:starting",
137 				 clear_os_lock, NULL);
138 }
139 postcore_initcall(debug_monitors_init);
140 
141 /*
142  * Single step API and exception handling.
143  */
144 static void set_user_regs_spsr_ss(struct user_pt_regs *regs)
145 {
146 	regs->pstate |= DBG_SPSR_SS;
147 }
148 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(set_user_regs_spsr_ss);
149 
150 static void clear_user_regs_spsr_ss(struct user_pt_regs *regs)
151 {
152 	regs->pstate &= ~DBG_SPSR_SS;
153 }
154 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(clear_user_regs_spsr_ss);
155 
156 #define set_regs_spsr_ss(r)	set_user_regs_spsr_ss(&(r)->user_regs)
157 #define clear_regs_spsr_ss(r)	clear_user_regs_spsr_ss(&(r)->user_regs)
158 
159 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(debug_hook_lock);
160 static LIST_HEAD(user_step_hook);
161 static LIST_HEAD(kernel_step_hook);
162 
163 static void register_debug_hook(struct list_head *node, struct list_head *list)
164 {
165 	spin_lock(&debug_hook_lock);
166 	list_add_rcu(node, list);
167 	spin_unlock(&debug_hook_lock);
168 
169 }
170 
171 static void unregister_debug_hook(struct list_head *node)
172 {
173 	spin_lock(&debug_hook_lock);
174 	list_del_rcu(node);
175 	spin_unlock(&debug_hook_lock);
176 	synchronize_rcu();
177 }
178 
179 void register_user_step_hook(struct step_hook *hook)
180 {
181 	register_debug_hook(&hook->node, &user_step_hook);
182 }
183 
184 void unregister_user_step_hook(struct step_hook *hook)
185 {
186 	unregister_debug_hook(&hook->node);
187 }
188 
189 void register_kernel_step_hook(struct step_hook *hook)
190 {
191 	register_debug_hook(&hook->node, &kernel_step_hook);
192 }
193 
194 void unregister_kernel_step_hook(struct step_hook *hook)
195 {
196 	unregister_debug_hook(&hook->node);
197 }
198 
199 /*
200  * Call registered single step handlers
201  * There is no Syndrome info to check for determining the handler.
202  * So we call all the registered handlers, until the right handler is
203  * found which returns zero.
204  */
205 static int call_step_hook(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long esr)
206 {
207 	struct step_hook *hook;
208 	struct list_head *list;
209 	int retval = DBG_HOOK_ERROR;
210 
211 	list = user_mode(regs) ? &user_step_hook : &kernel_step_hook;
212 
213 	/*
214 	 * Since single-step exception disables interrupt, this function is
215 	 * entirely not preemptible, and we can use rcu list safely here.
216 	 */
217 	list_for_each_entry_rcu(hook, list, node)	{
218 		retval = hook->fn(regs, esr);
219 		if (retval == DBG_HOOK_HANDLED)
220 			break;
221 	}
222 
223 	return retval;
224 }
225 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(call_step_hook);
226 
227 static void send_user_sigtrap(int si_code)
228 {
229 	struct pt_regs *regs = current_pt_regs();
230 
231 	if (WARN_ON(!user_mode(regs)))
232 		return;
233 
234 	if (interrupts_enabled(regs))
235 		local_irq_enable();
236 
237 	arm64_force_sig_fault(SIGTRAP, si_code, instruction_pointer(regs),
238 			      "User debug trap");
239 }
240 
241 static int single_step_handler(unsigned long unused, unsigned long esr,
242 			       struct pt_regs *regs)
243 {
244 	bool handler_found = false;
245 
246 	/*
247 	 * If we are stepping a pending breakpoint, call the hw_breakpoint
248 	 * handler first.
249 	 */
250 	if (!reinstall_suspended_bps(regs))
251 		return 0;
252 
253 	if (!handler_found && call_step_hook(regs, esr) == DBG_HOOK_HANDLED)
254 		handler_found = true;
255 
256 	if (!handler_found && user_mode(regs)) {
257 		send_user_sigtrap(TRAP_TRACE);
258 
259 		/*
260 		 * ptrace will disable single step unless explicitly
261 		 * asked to re-enable it. For other clients, it makes
262 		 * sense to leave it enabled (i.e. rewind the controls
263 		 * to the active-not-pending state).
264 		 */
265 		user_rewind_single_step(current);
266 	} else if (!handler_found) {
267 		pr_warn("Unexpected kernel single-step exception at EL1\n");
268 		/*
269 		 * Re-enable stepping since we know that we will be
270 		 * returning to regs.
271 		 */
272 		set_regs_spsr_ss(regs);
273 	}
274 
275 	return 0;
276 }
277 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(single_step_handler);
278 
279 static LIST_HEAD(user_break_hook);
280 static LIST_HEAD(kernel_break_hook);
281 
282 void register_user_break_hook(struct break_hook *hook)
283 {
284 	register_debug_hook(&hook->node, &user_break_hook);
285 }
286 
287 void unregister_user_break_hook(struct break_hook *hook)
288 {
289 	unregister_debug_hook(&hook->node);
290 }
291 
292 void register_kernel_break_hook(struct break_hook *hook)
293 {
294 	register_debug_hook(&hook->node, &kernel_break_hook);
295 }
296 
297 void unregister_kernel_break_hook(struct break_hook *hook)
298 {
299 	unregister_debug_hook(&hook->node);
300 }
301 
302 static int call_break_hook(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long esr)
303 {
304 	struct break_hook *hook;
305 	struct list_head *list;
306 	int (*fn)(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long esr) = NULL;
307 
308 	list = user_mode(regs) ? &user_break_hook : &kernel_break_hook;
309 
310 	/*
311 	 * Since brk exception disables interrupt, this function is
312 	 * entirely not preemptible, and we can use rcu list safely here.
313 	 */
314 	list_for_each_entry_rcu(hook, list, node) {
315 		unsigned long comment = esr & ESR_ELx_BRK64_ISS_COMMENT_MASK;
316 
317 		if ((comment & ~hook->mask) == hook->imm)
318 			fn = hook->fn;
319 	}
320 
321 	return fn ? fn(regs, esr) : DBG_HOOK_ERROR;
322 }
323 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(call_break_hook);
324 
325 static int brk_handler(unsigned long unused, unsigned long esr,
326 		       struct pt_regs *regs)
327 {
328 	if (call_break_hook(regs, esr) == DBG_HOOK_HANDLED)
329 		return 0;
330 
331 	if (user_mode(regs)) {
332 		send_user_sigtrap(TRAP_BRKPT);
333 	} else {
334 		pr_warn("Unexpected kernel BRK exception at EL1\n");
335 		return -EFAULT;
336 	}
337 
338 	return 0;
339 }
340 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(brk_handler);
341 
342 int aarch32_break_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
343 {
344 	u32 arm_instr;
345 	u16 thumb_instr;
346 	bool bp = false;
347 	void __user *pc = (void __user *)instruction_pointer(regs);
348 
349 	if (!compat_user_mode(regs))
350 		return -EFAULT;
351 
352 	if (compat_thumb_mode(regs)) {
353 		/* get 16-bit Thumb instruction */
354 		__le16 instr;
355 		get_user(instr, (__le16 __user *)pc);
356 		thumb_instr = le16_to_cpu(instr);
357 		if (thumb_instr == AARCH32_BREAK_THUMB2_LO) {
358 			/* get second half of 32-bit Thumb-2 instruction */
359 			get_user(instr, (__le16 __user *)(pc + 2));
360 			thumb_instr = le16_to_cpu(instr);
361 			bp = thumb_instr == AARCH32_BREAK_THUMB2_HI;
362 		} else {
363 			bp = thumb_instr == AARCH32_BREAK_THUMB;
364 		}
365 	} else {
366 		/* 32-bit ARM instruction */
367 		__le32 instr;
368 		get_user(instr, (__le32 __user *)pc);
369 		arm_instr = le32_to_cpu(instr);
370 		bp = (arm_instr & ~0xf0000000) == AARCH32_BREAK_ARM;
371 	}
372 
373 	if (!bp)
374 		return -EFAULT;
375 
376 	send_user_sigtrap(TRAP_BRKPT);
377 	return 0;
378 }
379 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(aarch32_break_handler);
380 
381 void __init debug_traps_init(void)
382 {
383 	hook_debug_fault_code(DBG_ESR_EVT_HWSS, single_step_handler, SIGTRAP,
384 			      TRAP_TRACE, "single-step handler");
385 	hook_debug_fault_code(DBG_ESR_EVT_BRK, brk_handler, SIGTRAP,
386 			      TRAP_BRKPT, "BRK handler");
387 }
388 
389 /* Re-enable single step for syscall restarting. */
390 void user_rewind_single_step(struct task_struct *task)
391 {
392 	/*
393 	 * If single step is active for this thread, then set SPSR.SS
394 	 * to 1 to avoid returning to the active-pending state.
395 	 */
396 	if (test_tsk_thread_flag(task, TIF_SINGLESTEP))
397 		set_regs_spsr_ss(task_pt_regs(task));
398 }
399 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(user_rewind_single_step);
400 
401 void user_fastforward_single_step(struct task_struct *task)
402 {
403 	if (test_tsk_thread_flag(task, TIF_SINGLESTEP))
404 		clear_regs_spsr_ss(task_pt_regs(task));
405 }
406 
407 void user_regs_reset_single_step(struct user_pt_regs *regs,
408 				 struct task_struct *task)
409 {
410 	if (test_tsk_thread_flag(task, TIF_SINGLESTEP))
411 		set_user_regs_spsr_ss(regs);
412 	else
413 		clear_user_regs_spsr_ss(regs);
414 }
415 
416 /* Kernel API */
417 void kernel_enable_single_step(struct pt_regs *regs)
418 {
419 	WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());
420 	set_regs_spsr_ss(regs);
421 	mdscr_write(mdscr_read() | DBG_MDSCR_SS);
422 	enable_debug_monitors(DBG_ACTIVE_EL1);
423 }
424 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kernel_enable_single_step);
425 
426 void kernel_disable_single_step(void)
427 {
428 	WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());
429 	mdscr_write(mdscr_read() & ~DBG_MDSCR_SS);
430 	disable_debug_monitors(DBG_ACTIVE_EL1);
431 }
432 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kernel_disable_single_step);
433 
434 int kernel_active_single_step(void)
435 {
436 	WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());
437 	return mdscr_read() & DBG_MDSCR_SS;
438 }
439 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kernel_active_single_step);
440 
441 void kernel_rewind_single_step(struct pt_regs *regs)
442 {
443 	set_regs_spsr_ss(regs);
444 }
445 
446 /* ptrace API */
447 void user_enable_single_step(struct task_struct *task)
448 {
449 	struct thread_info *ti = task_thread_info(task);
450 
451 	if (!test_and_set_ti_thread_flag(ti, TIF_SINGLESTEP))
452 		set_regs_spsr_ss(task_pt_regs(task));
453 }
454 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(user_enable_single_step);
455 
456 void user_disable_single_step(struct task_struct *task)
457 {
458 	clear_ti_thread_flag(task_thread_info(task), TIF_SINGLESTEP);
459 }
460 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(user_disable_single_step);
461