arm/kernel/smp.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 *  linux/arch/arm/kernel/smp.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2002 ARM Limited, All Rights Reserved.
 */
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched/hotplug.h>
#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/cache.h>
#include <linux/profile.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/nmi.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/clockchips.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/cpufreq.h>
#include <linux/irq_work.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>

#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <asm/bugs.h>
#include <asm/smp.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <asm/cpu.h>
#include <asm/cputype.h>
#include <asm/exception.h>
#include <asm/idmap.h>
#include <asm/topology.h>
#include <asm/mmu_context.h>
#include <asm/procinfo.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/ptrace.h>
#include <asm/smp_plat.h>
#include <asm/virt.h>
#include <asm/mach/arch.h>
#include <asm/mpu.h>

#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/ipi.h>

/*
 * as from 2.5, kernels no longer have an init_tasks structure
 * so we need some other way of telling a new secondary core
 * where to place its SVC stack
 */
struct secondary_data secondary_data;

enum ipi_msg_type {
	IPI_WAKEUP,
	IPI_TIMER,
	IPI_RESCHEDULE,
	IPI_CALL_FUNC,
	IPI_CPU_STOP,
	IPI_IRQ_WORK,
	IPI_COMPLETION,
	NR_IPI,
	/*
	 * CPU_BACKTRACE is special and not included in NR_IPI
	 * or tracable with trace_ipi_*
	 */
	IPI_CPU_BACKTRACE = NR_IPI,
	/*
	 * SGI8-15 can be reserved by secure firmware, and thus may
	 * not be usable by the kernel. Please keep the above limited
	 * to at most 8 entries.
	 */
	MAX_IPI
};

static int ipi_irq_base __read_mostly;
static int nr_ipi __read_mostly = NR_IPI;
static struct irq_desc *ipi_desc[MAX_IPI] __read_mostly;

static void ipi_setup(int cpu);

static DECLARE_COMPLETION(cpu_running);

static struct smp_operations smp_ops __ro_after_init;

void __init smp_set_ops(const struct smp_operations *ops)
{
	if (ops)
		smp_ops = *ops;
};

static unsigned long get_arch_pgd(pgd_t *pgd)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
	return __phys_to_pfn(virt_to_phys(pgd));
#else
	return virt_to_phys(pgd);
#endif
}

#if defined(CONFIG_BIG_LITTLE) && defined(CONFIG_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR)
static int secondary_biglittle_prepare(unsigned int cpu)
{
	if (!cpu_vtable[cpu])
		cpu_vtable[cpu] = kzalloc(sizeof(*cpu_vtable[cpu]), GFP_KERNEL);

	return cpu_vtable[cpu] ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
}

static void secondary_biglittle_init(void)
{
	init_proc_vtable(lookup_processor(read_cpuid_id())->proc);
}
#else
static int secondary_biglittle_prepare(unsigned int cpu)
{
	return 0;
}

static void secondary_biglittle_init(void)
{
}
#endif

int __cpu_up(unsigned int cpu, struct task_struct *idle)
{
	int ret;

	if (!smp_ops.smp_boot_secondary)
		return -ENOSYS;

	ret = secondary_biglittle_prepare(cpu);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	/*
	 * We need to tell the secondary core where to find
	 * its stack and the page tables.
	 */
	secondary_data.stack = task_stack_page(idle) + THREAD_START_SP;
#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_MPU
	secondary_data.mpu_rgn_info = &mpu_rgn_info;
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
	secondary_data.pgdir = virt_to_phys(idmap_pgd);
	secondary_data.swapper_pg_dir = get_arch_pgd(swapper_pg_dir);
#endif
	secondary_data.task = idle;
	sync_cache_w(&secondary_data);

	/*
	 * Now bring the CPU into our world.
	 */
	ret = smp_ops.smp_boot_secondary(cpu, idle);
	if (ret == 0) {
		/*
		 * CPU was successfully started, wait for it
		 * to come online or time out.
		 */
		wait_for_completion_timeout(&cpu_running,
						 msecs_to_jiffies(1000));

		if (!cpu_online(cpu)) {
			pr_crit("CPU%u: failed to come online\n", cpu);
			ret = -EIO;
		}
	} else {
		pr_err("CPU%u: failed to boot: %d\n", cpu, ret);
	}


	memset(&secondary_data, 0, sizeof(secondary_data));
	return ret;
}

/* platform specific SMP operations */
void __init smp_init_cpus(void)
{
	if (smp_ops.smp_init_cpus)
		smp_ops.smp_init_cpus();
}

int platform_can_secondary_boot(void)
{
	return !!smp_ops.smp_boot_secondary;
}

int platform_can_cpu_hotplug(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
	if (smp_ops.cpu_kill)
		return 1;
#endif

	return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
static int platform_cpu_kill(unsigned int cpu)
{
	if (smp_ops.cpu_kill)
		return smp_ops.cpu_kill(cpu);
	return 1;
}

static int platform_cpu_disable(unsigned int cpu)
{
	if (smp_ops.cpu_disable)
		return smp_ops.cpu_disable(cpu);

	return 0;
}

int platform_can_hotplug_cpu(unsigned int cpu)
{
	/* cpu_die must be specified to support hotplug */
	if (!smp_ops.cpu_die)
		return 0;

	if (smp_ops.cpu_can_disable)
		return smp_ops.cpu_can_disable(cpu);

	/*
	 * By default, allow disabling all CPUs except the first one,
	 * since this is special on a lot of platforms, e.g. because
	 * of clock tick interrupts.
	 */
	return cpu != 0;
}

static void ipi_teardown(int cpu)
{
	int i;

	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!ipi_irq_base))
		return;

	for (i = 0; i < nr_ipi; i++)
		disable_percpu_irq(ipi_irq_base + i);
}

/*
 * __cpu_disable runs on the processor to be shutdown.
 */
int __cpu_disable(void)
{
	unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id();
	int ret;

	ret = platform_cpu_disable(cpu);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_ARCH_TOPOLOGY
	remove_cpu_topology(cpu);
#endif

	/*
	 * Take this CPU offline.  Once we clear this, we can't return,
	 * and we must not schedule until we're ready to give up the cpu.
	 */
	set_cpu_online(cpu, false);
	ipi_teardown(cpu);

	/*
	 * OK - migrate IRQs away from this CPU
	 */
	irq_migrate_all_off_this_cpu();

	/*
	 * Flush user cache and TLB mappings, and then remove this CPU
	 * from the vm mask set of all processes.
	 *
	 * Caches are flushed to the Level of Unification Inner Shareable
	 * to write-back dirty lines to unified caches shared by all CPUs.
	 */
	flush_cache_louis();
	local_flush_tlb_all();

	return 0;
}

/*
 * called on the thread which is asking for a CPU to be shutdown -
 * waits until shutdown has completed, or it is timed out.
 */
void __cpu_die(unsigned int cpu)
{
	if (!cpu_wait_death(cpu, 5)) {
		pr_err("CPU%u: cpu didn't die\n", cpu);
		return;
	}
	pr_debug("CPU%u: shutdown\n", cpu);

	clear_tasks_mm_cpumask(cpu);
	/*
	 * platform_cpu_kill() is generally expected to do the powering off
	 * and/or cutting of clocks to the dying CPU.  Optionally, this may
	 * be done by the CPU which is dying in preference to supporting
	 * this call, but that means there is _no_ synchronisation between
	 * the requesting CPU and the dying CPU actually losing power.
	 */
	if (!platform_cpu_kill(cpu))
		pr_err("CPU%u: unable to kill\n", cpu);
}

/*
 * Called from the idle thread for the CPU which has been shutdown.
 *
 * Note that we disable IRQs here, but do not re-enable them
 * before returning to the caller. This is also the behaviour
 * of the other hotplug-cpu capable cores, so presumably coming
 * out of idle fixes this.
 */
void arch_cpu_idle_dead(void)
{
	unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id();

	idle_task_exit();

	local_irq_disable();

	/*
	 * Flush the data out of the L1 cache for this CPU.  This must be
	 * before the completion to ensure that data is safely written out
	 * before platform_cpu_kill() gets called - which may disable
	 * *this* CPU and power down its cache.
	 */
	flush_cache_louis();

	/*
	 * Tell __cpu_die() that this CPU is now safe to dispose of.  Once
	 * this returns, power and/or clocks can be removed at any point
	 * from this CPU and its cache by platform_cpu_kill().
	 */
	(void)cpu_report_death();

	/*
	 * Ensure that the cache lines associated with that completion are
	 * written out.  This covers the case where _this_ CPU is doing the
	 * powering down, to ensure that the completion is visible to the
	 * CPU waiting for this one.
	 */
	flush_cache_louis();

	/*
	 * The actual CPU shutdown procedure is at least platform (if not
	 * CPU) specific.  This may remove power, or it may simply spin.
	 *
	 * Platforms are generally expected *NOT* to return from this call,
	 * although there are some which do because they have no way to
	 * power down the CPU.  These platforms are the _only_ reason we
	 * have a return path which uses the fragment of assembly below.
	 *
	 * The return path should not be used for platforms which can
	 * power off the CPU.
	 */
	if (smp_ops.cpu_die)
		smp_ops.cpu_die(cpu);

	pr_warn("CPU%u: smp_ops.cpu_die() returned, trying to resuscitate\n",
		cpu);

	/*
	 * Do not return to the idle loop - jump back to the secondary
	 * cpu initialisation.  There's some initialisation which needs
	 * to be repeated to undo the effects of taking the CPU offline.
	 */
	__asm__("mov	sp, %0\n"
	"	mov	fp, #0\n"
	"	mov	r0, %1\n"
	"	b	secondary_start_kernel"
		:
		: "r" (task_stack_page(current) + THREAD_SIZE - 8),
		  "r" (current)
		: "r0");
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */

/*
 * Called by both boot and secondaries to move global data into
 * per-processor storage.
 */
static void smp_store_cpu_info(unsigned int cpuid)
{
	struct cpuinfo_arm *cpu_info = &per_cpu(cpu_data, cpuid);

	cpu_info->loops_per_jiffy = loops_per_jiffy;
	cpu_info->cpuid = read_cpuid_id();

	store_cpu_topology(cpuid);
	check_cpu_icache_size(cpuid);
}

static void set_current(struct task_struct *cur)
{
	/* Set TPIDRURO */
	asm("mcr p15, 0, %0, c13, c0, 3" :: "r"(cur) : "memory");
}

/*
 * This is the secondary CPU boot entry.  We're using this CPUs
 * idle thread stack, but a set of temporary page tables.
 */
asmlinkage void secondary_start_kernel(struct task_struct *task)
{
	struct mm_struct *mm = &init_mm;
	unsigned int cpu;

	set_current(task);

	secondary_biglittle_init();

	/*
	 * The identity mapping is uncached (strongly ordered), so
	 * switch away from it before attempting any exclusive accesses.
	 */
	cpu_switch_mm(mm->pgd, mm);
	local_flush_bp_all();
	enter_lazy_tlb(mm, current);
	local_flush_tlb_all();

	/*
	 * All kernel threads share the same mm context; grab a
	 * reference and switch to it.
	 */
	cpu = smp_processor_id();
	mmgrab(mm);
	current->active_mm = mm;
	cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(mm));

	cpu_init();

#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
	setup_vectors_base();
#endif
	pr_debug("CPU%u: Booted secondary processor\n", cpu);

	trace_hardirqs_off();

	/*
	 * Give the platform a chance to do its own initialisation.
	 */
	if (smp_ops.smp_secondary_init)
		smp_ops.smp_secondary_init(cpu);

	notify_cpu_starting(cpu);

	ipi_setup(cpu);

	calibrate_delay();

	smp_store_cpu_info(cpu);

	/*
	 * OK, now it's safe to let the boot CPU continue.  Wait for
	 * the CPU migration code to notice that the CPU is online
	 * before we continue - which happens after __cpu_up returns.
	 */
	set_cpu_online(cpu, true);

	check_other_bugs();

	complete(&cpu_running);

	local_irq_enable();
	local_fiq_enable();
	local_abt_enable();

	/*
	 * OK, it's off to the idle thread for us
	 */
	cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_IDLE);
}

void __init smp_cpus_done(unsigned int max_cpus)
{
	int cpu;
	unsigned long bogosum = 0;

	for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
		bogosum += per_cpu(cpu_data, cpu).loops_per_jiffy;

	printk(KERN_INFO "SMP: Total of %d processors activated "
	       "(%lu.%02lu BogoMIPS).\n",
	       num_online_cpus(),
	       bogosum / (500000/HZ),
	       (bogosum / (5000/HZ)) % 100);

	hyp_mode_check();
}

void __init smp_prepare_boot_cpu(void)
{
	set_my_cpu_offset(per_cpu_offset(smp_processor_id()));
}

void __init smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int max_cpus)
{
	unsigned int ncores = num_possible_cpus();

	init_cpu_topology();

	smp_store_cpu_info(smp_processor_id());

	/*
	 * are we trying to boot more cores than exist?
	 */
	if (max_cpus > ncores)
		max_cpus = ncores;
	if (ncores > 1 && max_cpus) {
		/*
		 * Initialise the present map, which describes the set of CPUs
		 * actually populated at the present time. A platform should
		 * re-initialize the map in the platforms smp_prepare_cpus()
		 * if present != possible (e.g. physical hotplug).
		 */
		init_cpu_present(cpu_possible_mask);

		/*
		 * Initialise the SCU if there are more than one CPU
		 * and let them know where to start.
		 */
		if (smp_ops.smp_prepare_cpus)
			smp_ops.smp_prepare_cpus(max_cpus);
	}
}

static const char *ipi_types[NR_IPI] __tracepoint_string = {
	[IPI_WAKEUP]		= "CPU wakeup interrupts",
	[IPI_TIMER]		= "Timer broadcast interrupts",
	[IPI_RESCHEDULE]	= "Rescheduling interrupts",
	[IPI_CALL_FUNC]		= "Function call interrupts",
	[IPI_CPU_STOP]		= "CPU stop interrupts",
	[IPI_IRQ_WORK]		= "IRQ work interrupts",
	[IPI_COMPLETION]	= "completion interrupts",
};

static void smp_cross_call(const struct cpumask *target, unsigned int ipinr);

void show_ipi_list(struct seq_file *p, int prec)
{
	unsigned int cpu, i;

	for (i = 0; i < NR_IPI; i++) {
		if (!ipi_desc[i])
			continue;

		seq_printf(p, "%*s%u: ", prec - 1, "IPI", i);

		for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
			seq_printf(p, "%10u ", irq_desc_kstat_cpu(ipi_desc[i], cpu));

		seq_printf(p, " %s\n", ipi_types[i]);
	}
}

void arch_send_call_function_ipi_mask(const struct cpumask *mask)
{
	smp_cross_call(mask, IPI_CALL_FUNC);
}

void arch_send_wakeup_ipi_mask(const struct cpumask *mask)
{
	smp_cross_call(mask, IPI_WAKEUP);
}

void arch_send_call_function_single_ipi(int cpu)
{
	smp_cross_call(cpumask_of(cpu), IPI_CALL_FUNC);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_WORK
void arch_irq_work_raise(void)
{
	if (arch_irq_work_has_interrupt())
		smp_cross_call(cpumask_of(smp_processor_id()), IPI_IRQ_WORK);
}
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS_BROADCAST
void tick_broadcast(const struct cpumask *mask)
{
	smp_cross_call(mask, IPI_TIMER);
}
#endif

static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(stop_lock);

/*
 * ipi_cpu_stop - handle IPI from smp_send_stop()
 */
static void ipi_cpu_stop(unsigned int cpu)
{
	if (system_state <= SYSTEM_RUNNING) {
		raw_spin_lock(&stop_lock);
		pr_crit("CPU%u: stopping\n", cpu);
		dump_stack();
		raw_spin_unlock(&stop_lock);
	}

	set_cpu_online(cpu, false);

	local_fiq_disable();
	local_irq_disable();

	while (1) {
		cpu_relax();
		wfe();
	}
}

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct completion *, cpu_completion);

int register_ipi_completion(struct completion *completion, int cpu)
{
	per_cpu(cpu_completion, cpu) = completion;
	return IPI_COMPLETION;
}

static void ipi_complete(unsigned int cpu)
{
	complete(per_cpu(cpu_completion, cpu));
}

/*
 * Main handler for inter-processor interrupts
 */
static void do_handle_IPI(int ipinr)
{
	unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id();

	if ((unsigned)ipinr < NR_IPI)
		trace_ipi_entry_rcuidle(ipi_types[ipinr]);

	switch (ipinr) {
	case IPI_WAKEUP:
		break;

#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS_BROADCAST
	case IPI_TIMER:
		tick_receive_broadcast();
		break;
#endif

	case IPI_RESCHEDULE:
		scheduler_ipi();
		break;

	case IPI_CALL_FUNC:
		generic_smp_call_function_interrupt();
		break;

	case IPI_CPU_STOP:
		ipi_cpu_stop(cpu);
		break;

#ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_WORK
	case IPI_IRQ_WORK:
		irq_work_run();
		break;
#endif

	case IPI_COMPLETION:
		ipi_complete(cpu);
		break;

	case IPI_CPU_BACKTRACE:
		printk_deferred_enter();
		nmi_cpu_backtrace(get_irq_regs());
		printk_deferred_exit();
		break;

	default:
		pr_crit("CPU%u: Unknown IPI message 0x%x\n",
		        cpu, ipinr);
		break;
	}

	if ((unsigned)ipinr < NR_IPI)
		trace_ipi_exit_rcuidle(ipi_types[ipinr]);
}

/* Legacy version, should go away once all irqchips have been converted */
void handle_IPI(int ipinr, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	struct pt_regs *old_regs = set_irq_regs(regs);

	irq_enter();
	do_handle_IPI(ipinr);
	irq_exit();

	set_irq_regs(old_regs);
}

static irqreturn_t ipi_handler(int irq, void *data)
{
	do_handle_IPI(irq - ipi_irq_base);
	return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

static void smp_cross_call(const struct cpumask *target, unsigned int ipinr)
{
	trace_ipi_raise_rcuidle(target, ipi_types[ipinr]);
	__ipi_send_mask(ipi_desc[ipinr], target);
}

static void ipi_setup(int cpu)
{
	int i;

	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!ipi_irq_base))
		return;

	for (i = 0; i < nr_ipi; i++)
		enable_percpu_irq(ipi_irq_base + i, 0);
}

void __init set_smp_ipi_range(int ipi_base, int n)
{
	int i;

	WARN_ON(n < MAX_IPI);
	nr_ipi = min(n, MAX_IPI);

	for (i = 0; i < nr_ipi; i++) {
		int err;

		err = request_percpu_irq(ipi_base + i, ipi_handler,
					 "IPI", &irq_stat);
		WARN_ON(err);

		ipi_desc[i] = irq_to_desc(ipi_base + i);
		irq_set_status_flags(ipi_base + i, IRQ_HIDDEN);
	}

	ipi_irq_base = ipi_base;

	/* Setup the boot CPU immediately */
	ipi_setup(smp_processor_id());
}

void smp_send_reschedule(int cpu)
{
	smp_cross_call(cpumask_of(cpu), IPI_RESCHEDULE);
}

void smp_send_stop(void)
{
	unsigned long timeout;
	struct cpumask mask;

	cpumask_copy(&mask, cpu_online_mask);
	cpumask_clear_cpu(smp_processor_id(), &mask);
	if (!cpumask_empty(&mask))
		smp_cross_call(&mask, IPI_CPU_STOP);

	/* Wait up to one second for other CPUs to stop */
	timeout = USEC_PER_SEC;
	while (num_online_cpus() > 1 && timeout--)
		udelay(1);

	if (num_online_cpus() > 1)
		pr_warn("SMP: failed to stop secondary CPUs\n");
}

/* In case panic() and panic() called at the same time on CPU1 and CPU2,
 * and CPU 1 calls panic_smp_self_stop() before crash_smp_send_stop()
 * CPU1 can't receive the ipi irqs from CPU2, CPU1 will be always online,
 * kdump fails. So split out the panic_smp_self_stop() and add
 * set_cpu_online(smp_processor_id(), false).
 */
void panic_smp_self_stop(void)
{
	pr_debug("CPU %u will stop doing anything useful since another CPU has paniced\n",
	         smp_processor_id());
	set_cpu_online(smp_processor_id(), false);
	while (1)
		cpu_relax();
}

/*
 * not supported here
 */
int setup_profiling_timer(unsigned int multiplier)
{
	return -EINVAL;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_FREQ

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, l_p_j_ref);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, l_p_j_ref_freq);
static unsigned long global_l_p_j_ref;
static unsigned long global_l_p_j_ref_freq;

static int cpufreq_callback(struct notifier_block *nb,
					unsigned long val, void *data)
{
	struct cpufreq_freqs *freq = data;
	struct cpumask *cpus = freq->policy->cpus;
	int cpu, first = cpumask_first(cpus);
	unsigned int lpj;

	if (freq->flags & CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS)
		return NOTIFY_OK;

	if (!per_cpu(l_p_j_ref, first)) {
		for_each_cpu(cpu, cpus) {
			per_cpu(l_p_j_ref, cpu) =
				per_cpu(cpu_data, cpu).loops_per_jiffy;
			per_cpu(l_p_j_ref_freq, cpu) = freq->old;
		}

		if (!global_l_p_j_ref) {
			global_l_p_j_ref = loops_per_jiffy;
			global_l_p_j_ref_freq = freq->old;
		}
	}

	if ((val == CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE  && freq->old < freq->new) ||
	    (val == CPUFREQ_POSTCHANGE && freq->old > freq->new)) {
		loops_per_jiffy = cpufreq_scale(global_l_p_j_ref,
						global_l_p_j_ref_freq,
						freq->new);

		lpj = cpufreq_scale(per_cpu(l_p_j_ref, first),
				    per_cpu(l_p_j_ref_freq, first), freq->new);
		for_each_cpu(cpu, cpus)
			per_cpu(cpu_data, cpu).loops_per_jiffy = lpj;
	}
	return NOTIFY_OK;
}

static struct notifier_block cpufreq_notifier = {
	.notifier_call  = cpufreq_callback,
};

static int __init register_cpufreq_notifier(void)
{
	return cpufreq_register_notifier(&cpufreq_notifier,
						CPUFREQ_TRANSITION_NOTIFIER);
}
core_initcall(register_cpufreq_notifier);

#endif

static void raise_nmi(cpumask_t *mask)
{
	__ipi_send_mask(ipi_desc[IPI_CPU_BACKTRACE], mask);
}

void arch_trigger_cpumask_backtrace(const cpumask_t *mask, bool exclude_self)
{
	nmi_trigger_cpumask_backtrace(mask, exclude_self, raise_nmi);
}