1/* 2 * linux/arch/arm/kernel/head.S 3 * 4 * Copyright (C) 1994-2002 Russell King 5 * Copyright (c) 2003 ARM Limited 6 * All Rights Reserved 7 * 8 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 9 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as 10 * published by the Free Software Foundation. 11 * 12 * Kernel startup code for all 32-bit CPUs 13 */ 14#include <linux/linkage.h> 15#include <linux/init.h> 16 17#include <asm/assembler.h> 18#include <asm/cp15.h> 19#include <asm/domain.h> 20#include <asm/ptrace.h> 21#include <asm/asm-offsets.h> 22#include <asm/memory.h> 23#include <asm/thread_info.h> 24#include <asm/pgtable.h> 25 26#if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_LL) && !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING) 27#include CONFIG_DEBUG_LL_INCLUDE 28#endif 29 30/* 31 * swapper_pg_dir is the virtual address of the initial page table. 32 * We place the page tables 16K below KERNEL_RAM_VADDR. Therefore, we must 33 * make sure that KERNEL_RAM_VADDR is correctly set. Currently, we expect 34 * the least significant 16 bits to be 0x8000, but we could probably 35 * relax this restriction to KERNEL_RAM_VADDR >= PAGE_OFFSET + 0x4000. 36 */ 37#define KERNEL_RAM_VADDR (PAGE_OFFSET + TEXT_OFFSET) 38#if (KERNEL_RAM_VADDR & 0xffff) != 0x8000 39#error KERNEL_RAM_VADDR must start at 0xXXXX8000 40#endif 41 42#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE 43 /* LPAE requires an additional page for the PGD */ 44#define PG_DIR_SIZE 0x5000 45#define PMD_ORDER 3 46#else 47#define PG_DIR_SIZE 0x4000 48#define PMD_ORDER 2 49#endif 50 51 .globl swapper_pg_dir 52 .equ swapper_pg_dir, KERNEL_RAM_VADDR - PG_DIR_SIZE 53 54 .macro pgtbl, rd, phys 55 add \rd, \phys, #TEXT_OFFSET - PG_DIR_SIZE 56 .endm 57 58/* 59 * Kernel startup entry point. 60 * --------------------------- 61 * 62 * This is normally called from the decompressor code. The requirements 63 * are: MMU = off, D-cache = off, I-cache = dont care, r0 = 0, 64 * r1 = machine nr, r2 = atags or dtb pointer. 65 * 66 * This code is mostly position independent, so if you link the kernel at 67 * 0xc0008000, you call this at __pa(0xc0008000). 68 * 69 * See linux/arch/arm/tools/mach-types for the complete list of machine 70 * numbers for r1. 71 * 72 * We're trying to keep crap to a minimum; DO NOT add any machine specific 73 * crap here - that's what the boot loader (or in extreme, well justified 74 * circumstances, zImage) is for. 75 */ 76 .arm 77 78 __HEAD 79ENTRY(stext) 80 81 THUMB( adr r9, BSYM(1f) ) @ Kernel is always entered in ARM. 82 THUMB( bx r9 ) @ If this is a Thumb-2 kernel, 83 THUMB( .thumb ) @ switch to Thumb now. 84 THUMB(1: ) 85 86#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_VIRT_EXT 87 bl __hyp_stub_install 88#endif 89 @ ensure svc mode and all interrupts masked 90 safe_svcmode_maskall r9 91 92 mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0 @ get processor id 93 bl __lookup_processor_type @ r5=procinfo r9=cpuid 94 movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor (r5=0)? 95 THUMB( it eq ) @ force fixup-able long branch encoding 96 beq __error_p @ yes, error 'p' 97 98#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE 99 mrc p15, 0, r3, c0, c1, 4 @ read ID_MMFR0 100 and r3, r3, #0xf @ extract VMSA support 101 cmp r3, #5 @ long-descriptor translation table format? 102 THUMB( it lo ) @ force fixup-able long branch encoding 103 blo __error_p @ only classic page table format 104#endif 105 106#ifndef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL 107 adr r3, 2f 108 ldmia r3, {r4, r8} 109 sub r4, r3, r4 @ (PHYS_OFFSET - PAGE_OFFSET) 110 add r8, r8, r4 @ PHYS_OFFSET 111#else 112 ldr r8, =PHYS_OFFSET @ always constant in this case 113#endif 114 115 /* 116 * r1 = machine no, r2 = atags or dtb, 117 * r8 = phys_offset, r9 = cpuid, r10 = procinfo 118 */ 119 bl __vet_atags 120#ifdef CONFIG_SMP_ON_UP 121 bl __fixup_smp 122#endif 123#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_PATCH_PHYS_VIRT 124 bl __fixup_pv_table 125#endif 126 bl __create_page_tables 127 128 /* 129 * The following calls CPU specific code in a position independent 130 * manner. See arch/arm/mm/proc-*.S for details. r10 = base of 131 * xxx_proc_info structure selected by __lookup_processor_type 132 * above. On return, the CPU will be ready for the MMU to be 133 * turned on, and r0 will hold the CPU control register value. 134 */ 135 ldr r13, =__mmap_switched @ address to jump to after 136 @ mmu has been enabled 137 adr lr, BSYM(1f) @ return (PIC) address 138 mov r8, r4 @ set TTBR1 to swapper_pg_dir 139 ARM( add pc, r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC ) 140 THUMB( add r12, r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC ) 141 THUMB( mov pc, r12 ) 1421: b __enable_mmu 143ENDPROC(stext) 144 .ltorg 145#ifndef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL 1462: .long . 147 .long PAGE_OFFSET 148#endif 149 150/* 151 * Setup the initial page tables. We only setup the barest 152 * amount which are required to get the kernel running, which 153 * generally means mapping in the kernel code. 154 * 155 * r8 = phys_offset, r9 = cpuid, r10 = procinfo 156 * 157 * Returns: 158 * r0, r3, r5-r7 corrupted 159 * r4 = page table (see ARCH_PGD_SHIFT in asm/memory.h) 160 */ 161__create_page_tables: 162 pgtbl r4, r8 @ page table address 163 164 /* 165 * Clear the swapper page table 166 */ 167 mov r0, r4 168 mov r3, #0 169 add r6, r0, #PG_DIR_SIZE 1701: str r3, [r0], #4 171 str r3, [r0], #4 172 str r3, [r0], #4 173 str r3, [r0], #4 174 teq r0, r6 175 bne 1b 176 177#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE 178 /* 179 * Build the PGD table (first level) to point to the PMD table. A PGD 180 * entry is 64-bit wide. 181 */ 182 mov r0, r4 183 add r3, r4, #0x1000 @ first PMD table address 184 orr r3, r3, #3 @ PGD block type 185 mov r6, #4 @ PTRS_PER_PGD 186 mov r7, #1 << (55 - 32) @ L_PGD_SWAPPER 1871: 188#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8 189 str r7, [r0], #4 @ set top PGD entry bits 190 str r3, [r0], #4 @ set bottom PGD entry bits 191#else 192 str r3, [r0], #4 @ set bottom PGD entry bits 193 str r7, [r0], #4 @ set top PGD entry bits 194#endif 195 add r3, r3, #0x1000 @ next PMD table 196 subs r6, r6, #1 197 bne 1b 198 199 add r4, r4, #0x1000 @ point to the PMD tables 200#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8 201 add r4, r4, #4 @ we only write the bottom word 202#endif 203#endif 204 205 ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_MM_MMUFLAGS] @ mm_mmuflags 206 207 /* 208 * Create identity mapping to cater for __enable_mmu. 209 * This identity mapping will be removed by paging_init(). 210 */ 211 adr r0, __turn_mmu_on_loc 212 ldmia r0, {r3, r5, r6} 213 sub r0, r0, r3 @ virt->phys offset 214 add r5, r5, r0 @ phys __turn_mmu_on 215 add r6, r6, r0 @ phys __turn_mmu_on_end 216 mov r5, r5, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT 217 mov r6, r6, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT 218 2191: orr r3, r7, r5, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT @ flags + kernel base 220 str r3, [r4, r5, lsl #PMD_ORDER] @ identity mapping 221 cmp r5, r6 222 addlo r5, r5, #1 @ next section 223 blo 1b 224 225 /* 226 * Map our RAM from the start to the end of the kernel .bss section. 227 */ 228 add r0, r4, #PAGE_OFFSET >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER) 229 ldr r6, =(_end - 1) 230 orr r3, r8, r7 231 add r6, r4, r6, lsr #(SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER) 2321: str r3, [r0], #1 << PMD_ORDER 233 add r3, r3, #1 << SECTION_SHIFT 234 cmp r0, r6 235 bls 1b 236 237#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL 238 /* 239 * Map the kernel image separately as it is not located in RAM. 240 */ 241#define XIP_START XIP_VIRT_ADDR(CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR) 242 mov r3, pc 243 mov r3, r3, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT 244 orr r3, r7, r3, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT 245 add r0, r4, #(XIP_START & 0xff000000) >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER) 246 str r3, [r0, #((XIP_START & 0x00f00000) >> SECTION_SHIFT) << PMD_ORDER]! 247 ldr r6, =(_edata_loc - 1) 248 add r0, r0, #1 << PMD_ORDER 249 add r6, r4, r6, lsr #(SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER) 2501: cmp r0, r6 251 add r3, r3, #1 << SECTION_SHIFT 252 strls r3, [r0], #1 << PMD_ORDER 253 bls 1b 254#endif 255 256 /* 257 * Then map boot params address in r2 if specified. 258 * We map 2 sections in case the ATAGs/DTB crosses a section boundary. 259 */ 260 mov r0, r2, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT 261 movs r0, r0, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT 262 subne r3, r0, r8 263 addne r3, r3, #PAGE_OFFSET 264 addne r3, r4, r3, lsr #(SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER) 265 orrne r6, r7, r0 266 strne r6, [r3], #1 << PMD_ORDER 267 addne r6, r6, #1 << SECTION_SHIFT 268 strne r6, [r3] 269 270#if defined(CONFIG_ARM_LPAE) && defined(CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8) 271 sub r4, r4, #4 @ Fixup page table pointer 272 @ for 64-bit descriptors 273#endif 274 275#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL 276#if !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_ICEDCC) && !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING) 277 /* 278 * Map in IO space for serial debugging. 279 * This allows debug messages to be output 280 * via a serial console before paging_init. 281 */ 282 addruart r7, r3, r0 283 284 mov r3, r3, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT 285 mov r3, r3, lsl #PMD_ORDER 286 287 add r0, r4, r3 288 mov r3, r7, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT 289 ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_IO_MMUFLAGS] @ io_mmuflags 290 orr r3, r7, r3, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT 291#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE 292 mov r7, #1 << (54 - 32) @ XN 293#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8 294 str r7, [r0], #4 295 str r3, [r0], #4 296#else 297 str r3, [r0], #4 298 str r7, [r0], #4 299#endif 300#else 301 orr r3, r3, #PMD_SECT_XN 302 str r3, [r0], #4 303#endif 304 305#else /* CONFIG_DEBUG_ICEDCC || CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING */ 306 /* we don't need any serial debugging mappings */ 307 ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_IO_MMUFLAGS] @ io_mmuflags 308#endif 309 310#if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_NETWINDER) || defined(CONFIG_ARCH_CATS) 311 /* 312 * If we're using the NetWinder or CATS, we also need to map 313 * in the 16550-type serial port for the debug messages 314 */ 315 add r0, r4, #0xff000000 >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER) 316 orr r3, r7, #0x7c000000 317 str r3, [r0] 318#endif 319#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_RPC 320 /* 321 * Map in screen at 0x02000000 & SCREEN2_BASE 322 * Similar reasons here - for debug. This is 323 * only for Acorn RiscPC architectures. 324 */ 325 add r0, r4, #0x02000000 >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER) 326 orr r3, r7, #0x02000000 327 str r3, [r0] 328 add r0, r4, #0xd8000000 >> (SECTION_SHIFT - PMD_ORDER) 329 str r3, [r0] 330#endif 331#endif 332#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE 333 sub r4, r4, #0x1000 @ point to the PGD table 334 mov r4, r4, lsr #ARCH_PGD_SHIFT 335#endif 336 mov pc, lr 337ENDPROC(__create_page_tables) 338 .ltorg 339 .align 340__turn_mmu_on_loc: 341 .long . 342 .long __turn_mmu_on 343 .long __turn_mmu_on_end 344 345#if defined(CONFIG_SMP) 346 .text 347ENTRY(secondary_startup) 348 /* 349 * Common entry point for secondary CPUs. 350 * 351 * Ensure that we're in SVC mode, and IRQs are disabled. Lookup 352 * the processor type - there is no need to check the machine type 353 * as it has already been validated by the primary processor. 354 */ 355#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_VIRT_EXT 356 bl __hyp_stub_install_secondary 357#endif 358 safe_svcmode_maskall r9 359 360 mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0 @ get processor id 361 bl __lookup_processor_type 362 movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor? 363 moveq r0, #'p' @ yes, error 'p' 364 THUMB( it eq ) @ force fixup-able long branch encoding 365 beq __error_p 366 367 /* 368 * Use the page tables supplied from __cpu_up. 369 */ 370 adr r4, __secondary_data 371 ldmia r4, {r5, r7, r12} @ address to jump to after 372 sub lr, r4, r5 @ mmu has been enabled 373 ldr r4, [r7, lr] @ get secondary_data.pgdir 374 add r7, r7, #4 375 ldr r8, [r7, lr] @ get secondary_data.swapper_pg_dir 376 adr lr, BSYM(__enable_mmu) @ return address 377 mov r13, r12 @ __secondary_switched address 378 ARM( add pc, r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC ) @ initialise processor 379 @ (return control reg) 380 THUMB( add r12, r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC ) 381 THUMB( mov pc, r12 ) 382ENDPROC(secondary_startup) 383 384 /* 385 * r6 = &secondary_data 386 */ 387ENTRY(__secondary_switched) 388 ldr sp, [r7, #4] @ get secondary_data.stack 389 mov fp, #0 390 b secondary_start_kernel 391ENDPROC(__secondary_switched) 392 393 .align 394 395 .type __secondary_data, %object 396__secondary_data: 397 .long . 398 .long secondary_data 399 .long __secondary_switched 400#endif /* defined(CONFIG_SMP) */ 401 402 403 404/* 405 * Setup common bits before finally enabling the MMU. Essentially 406 * this is just loading the page table pointer and domain access 407 * registers. 408 * 409 * r0 = cp#15 control register 410 * r1 = machine ID 411 * r2 = atags or dtb pointer 412 * r4 = page table (see ARCH_PGD_SHIFT in asm/memory.h) 413 * r9 = processor ID 414 * r13 = *virtual* address to jump to upon completion 415 */ 416__enable_mmu: 417#if defined(CONFIG_ALIGNMENT_TRAP) && __LINUX_ARM_ARCH__ < 6 418 orr r0, r0, #CR_A 419#else 420 bic r0, r0, #CR_A 421#endif 422#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_DISABLE 423 bic r0, r0, #CR_C 424#endif 425#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_BPREDICT_DISABLE 426 bic r0, r0, #CR_Z 427#endif 428#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ICACHE_DISABLE 429 bic r0, r0, #CR_I 430#endif 431#ifndef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE 432 mov r5, #(domain_val(DOMAIN_USER, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \ 433 domain_val(DOMAIN_KERNEL, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \ 434 domain_val(DOMAIN_TABLE, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \ 435 domain_val(DOMAIN_IO, DOMAIN_CLIENT)) 436 mcr p15, 0, r5, c3, c0, 0 @ load domain access register 437 mcr p15, 0, r4, c2, c0, 0 @ load page table pointer 438#endif 439 b __turn_mmu_on 440ENDPROC(__enable_mmu) 441 442/* 443 * Enable the MMU. This completely changes the structure of the visible 444 * memory space. You will not be able to trace execution through this. 445 * If you have an enquiry about this, *please* check the linux-arm-kernel 446 * mailing list archives BEFORE sending another post to the list. 447 * 448 * r0 = cp#15 control register 449 * r1 = machine ID 450 * r2 = atags or dtb pointer 451 * r9 = processor ID 452 * r13 = *virtual* address to jump to upon completion 453 * 454 * other registers depend on the function called upon completion 455 */ 456 .align 5 457 .pushsection .idmap.text, "ax" 458ENTRY(__turn_mmu_on) 459 mov r0, r0 460 instr_sync 461 mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 @ write control reg 462 mrc p15, 0, r3, c0, c0, 0 @ read id reg 463 instr_sync 464 mov r3, r3 465 mov r3, r13 466 mov pc, r3 467__turn_mmu_on_end: 468ENDPROC(__turn_mmu_on) 469 .popsection 470 471 472#ifdef CONFIG_SMP_ON_UP 473 __INIT 474__fixup_smp: 475 and r3, r9, #0x000f0000 @ architecture version 476 teq r3, #0x000f0000 @ CPU ID supported? 477 bne __fixup_smp_on_up @ no, assume UP 478 479 bic r3, r9, #0x00ff0000 480 bic r3, r3, #0x0000000f @ mask 0xff00fff0 481 mov r4, #0x41000000 482 orr r4, r4, #0x0000b000 483 orr r4, r4, #0x00000020 @ val 0x4100b020 484 teq r3, r4 @ ARM 11MPCore? 485 moveq pc, lr @ yes, assume SMP 486 487 mrc p15, 0, r0, c0, c0, 5 @ read MPIDR 488 and r0, r0, #0xc0000000 @ multiprocessing extensions and 489 teq r0, #0x80000000 @ not part of a uniprocessor system? 490 moveq pc, lr @ yes, assume SMP 491 492__fixup_smp_on_up: 493 adr r0, 1f 494 ldmia r0, {r3 - r5} 495 sub r3, r0, r3 496 add r4, r4, r3 497 add r5, r5, r3 498 b __do_fixup_smp_on_up 499ENDPROC(__fixup_smp) 500 501 .align 5021: .word . 503 .word __smpalt_begin 504 .word __smpalt_end 505 506 .pushsection .data 507 .globl smp_on_up 508smp_on_up: 509 ALT_SMP(.long 1) 510 ALT_UP(.long 0) 511 .popsection 512#endif 513 514 .text 515__do_fixup_smp_on_up: 516 cmp r4, r5 517 movhs pc, lr 518 ldmia r4!, {r0, r6} 519 ARM( str r6, [r0, r3] ) 520 THUMB( add r0, r0, r3 ) 521#ifdef __ARMEB__ 522 THUMB( mov r6, r6, ror #16 ) @ Convert word order for big-endian. 523#endif 524 THUMB( strh r6, [r0], #2 ) @ For Thumb-2, store as two halfwords 525 THUMB( mov r6, r6, lsr #16 ) @ to be robust against misaligned r3. 526 THUMB( strh r6, [r0] ) 527 b __do_fixup_smp_on_up 528ENDPROC(__do_fixup_smp_on_up) 529 530ENTRY(fixup_smp) 531 stmfd sp!, {r4 - r6, lr} 532 mov r4, r0 533 add r5, r0, r1 534 mov r3, #0 535 bl __do_fixup_smp_on_up 536 ldmfd sp!, {r4 - r6, pc} 537ENDPROC(fixup_smp) 538 539#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_PATCH_PHYS_VIRT 540 541/* __fixup_pv_table - patch the stub instructions with the delta between 542 * PHYS_OFFSET and PAGE_OFFSET, which is assumed to be 16MiB aligned and 543 * can be expressed by an immediate shifter operand. The stub instruction 544 * has a form of '(add|sub) rd, rn, #imm'. 545 */ 546 __HEAD 547__fixup_pv_table: 548 adr r0, 1f 549 ldmia r0, {r3-r5, r7} 550 sub r3, r0, r3 @ PHYS_OFFSET - PAGE_OFFSET 551 add r4, r4, r3 @ adjust table start address 552 add r5, r5, r3 @ adjust table end address 553 add r7, r7, r3 @ adjust __pv_phys_offset address 554 str r8, [r7] @ save computed PHYS_OFFSET to __pv_phys_offset 555 mov r6, r3, lsr #24 @ constant for add/sub instructions 556 teq r3, r6, lsl #24 @ must be 16MiB aligned 557THUMB( it ne @ cross section branch ) 558 bne __error 559 str r6, [r7, #4] @ save to __pv_offset 560 b __fixup_a_pv_table 561ENDPROC(__fixup_pv_table) 562 563 .align 5641: .long . 565 .long __pv_table_begin 566 .long __pv_table_end 5672: .long __pv_phys_offset 568 569 .text 570__fixup_a_pv_table: 571#ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL 572 lsls r6, #24 573 beq 2f 574 clz r7, r6 575 lsr r6, #24 576 lsl r6, r7 577 bic r6, #0x0080 578 lsrs r7, #1 579 orrcs r6, #0x0080 580 orr r6, r6, r7, lsl #12 581 orr r6, #0x4000 582 b 2f 5831: add r7, r3 584 ldrh ip, [r7, #2] 585 and ip, 0x8f00 586 orr ip, r6 @ mask in offset bits 31-24 587 strh ip, [r7, #2] 5882: cmp r4, r5 589 ldrcc r7, [r4], #4 @ use branch for delay slot 590 bcc 1b 591 bx lr 592#else 593 b 2f 5941: ldr ip, [r7, r3] 595 bic ip, ip, #0x000000ff 596 orr ip, ip, r6 @ mask in offset bits 31-24 597 str ip, [r7, r3] 5982: cmp r4, r5 599 ldrcc r7, [r4], #4 @ use branch for delay slot 600 bcc 1b 601 mov pc, lr 602#endif 603ENDPROC(__fixup_a_pv_table) 604 605ENTRY(fixup_pv_table) 606 stmfd sp!, {r4 - r7, lr} 607 ldr r2, 2f @ get address of __pv_phys_offset 608 mov r3, #0 @ no offset 609 mov r4, r0 @ r0 = table start 610 add r5, r0, r1 @ r1 = table size 611 ldr r6, [r2, #4] @ get __pv_offset 612 bl __fixup_a_pv_table 613 ldmfd sp!, {r4 - r7, pc} 614ENDPROC(fixup_pv_table) 615 616 .align 6172: .long __pv_phys_offset 618 619 .data 620 .globl __pv_phys_offset 621 .type __pv_phys_offset, %object 622__pv_phys_offset: 623 .long 0 624 .size __pv_phys_offset, . - __pv_phys_offset 625__pv_offset: 626 .long 0 627#endif 628 629#include "head-common.S" 630