xref: /openbmc/linux/arch/arm/include/asm/uaccess.h (revision fe7498ef)
1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
2 /*
3  *  arch/arm/include/asm/uaccess.h
4  */
5 #ifndef _ASMARM_UACCESS_H
6 #define _ASMARM_UACCESS_H
7 
8 /*
9  * User space memory access functions
10  */
11 #include <linux/string.h>
12 #include <asm/memory.h>
13 #include <asm/domain.h>
14 #include <asm/unified.h>
15 #include <asm/compiler.h>
16 
17 #include <asm/extable.h>
18 
19 /*
20  * These two functions allow hooking accesses to userspace to increase
21  * system integrity by ensuring that the kernel can not inadvertantly
22  * perform such accesses (eg, via list poison values) which could then
23  * be exploited for priviledge escalation.
24  */
25 static __always_inline unsigned int uaccess_save_and_enable(void)
26 {
27 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_SW_DOMAIN_PAN
28 	unsigned int old_domain = get_domain();
29 
30 	/* Set the current domain access to permit user accesses */
31 	set_domain((old_domain & ~domain_mask(DOMAIN_USER)) |
32 		   domain_val(DOMAIN_USER, DOMAIN_CLIENT));
33 
34 	return old_domain;
35 #else
36 	return 0;
37 #endif
38 }
39 
40 static __always_inline void uaccess_restore(unsigned int flags)
41 {
42 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_SW_DOMAIN_PAN
43 	/* Restore the user access mask */
44 	set_domain(flags);
45 #endif
46 }
47 
48 /*
49  * These two are intentionally not defined anywhere - if the kernel
50  * code generates any references to them, that's a bug.
51  */
52 extern int __get_user_bad(void);
53 extern int __put_user_bad(void);
54 
55 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
56 
57 /*
58  * We use 33-bit arithmetic here.  Success returns zero, failure returns
59  * addr_limit.  We take advantage that addr_limit will be zero for KERNEL_DS,
60  * so this will always return success in that case.
61  */
62 #define __range_ok(addr, size) ({ \
63 	unsigned long flag, roksum; \
64 	__chk_user_ptr(addr);	\
65 	__asm__(".syntax unified\n" \
66 		"adds %1, %2, %3; sbcscc %1, %1, %0; movcc %0, #0" \
67 		: "=&r" (flag), "=&r" (roksum) \
68 		: "r" (addr), "Ir" (size), "0" (TASK_SIZE) \
69 		: "cc"); \
70 	flag; })
71 
72 /*
73  * This is a type: either unsigned long, if the argument fits into
74  * that type, or otherwise unsigned long long.
75  */
76 #define __inttype(x) \
77 	__typeof__(__builtin_choose_expr(sizeof(x) > sizeof(0UL), 0ULL, 0UL))
78 
79 /*
80  * Sanitise a uaccess pointer such that it becomes NULL if addr+size
81  * is above the current addr_limit.
82  */
83 #define uaccess_mask_range_ptr(ptr, size)			\
84 	((__typeof__(ptr))__uaccess_mask_range_ptr(ptr, size))
85 static inline void __user *__uaccess_mask_range_ptr(const void __user *ptr,
86 						    size_t size)
87 {
88 	void __user *safe_ptr = (void __user *)ptr;
89 	unsigned long tmp;
90 
91 	asm volatile(
92 	"	.syntax unified\n"
93 	"	sub	%1, %3, #1\n"
94 	"	subs	%1, %1, %0\n"
95 	"	addhs	%1, %1, #1\n"
96 	"	subshs	%1, %1, %2\n"
97 	"	movlo	%0, #0\n"
98 	: "+r" (safe_ptr), "=&r" (tmp)
99 	: "r" (size), "r" (TASK_SIZE)
100 	: "cc");
101 
102 	csdb();
103 	return safe_ptr;
104 }
105 
106 /*
107  * Single-value transfer routines.  They automatically use the right
108  * size if we just have the right pointer type.  Note that the functions
109  * which read from user space (*get_*) need to take care not to leak
110  * kernel data even if the calling code is buggy and fails to check
111  * the return value.  This means zeroing out the destination variable
112  * or buffer on error.  Normally this is done out of line by the
113  * fixup code, but there are a few places where it intrudes on the
114  * main code path.  When we only write to user space, there is no
115  * problem.
116  */
117 extern int __get_user_1(void *);
118 extern int __get_user_2(void *);
119 extern int __get_user_4(void *);
120 extern int __get_user_32t_8(void *);
121 extern int __get_user_8(void *);
122 extern int __get_user_64t_1(void *);
123 extern int __get_user_64t_2(void *);
124 extern int __get_user_64t_4(void *);
125 
126 #define __GUP_CLOBBER_1	"lr", "cc"
127 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_USE_DOMAINS
128 #define __GUP_CLOBBER_2	"ip", "lr", "cc"
129 #else
130 #define __GUP_CLOBBER_2 "lr", "cc"
131 #endif
132 #define __GUP_CLOBBER_4	"lr", "cc"
133 #define __GUP_CLOBBER_32t_8 "lr", "cc"
134 #define __GUP_CLOBBER_8	"lr", "cc"
135 
136 #define __get_user_x(__r2, __p, __e, __l, __s)				\
137 	   __asm__ __volatile__ (					\
138 		__asmeq("%0", "r0") __asmeq("%1", "r2")			\
139 		__asmeq("%3", "r1")					\
140 		"bl	__get_user_" #__s				\
141 		: "=&r" (__e), "=r" (__r2)				\
142 		: "0" (__p), "r" (__l)					\
143 		: __GUP_CLOBBER_##__s)
144 
145 /* narrowing a double-word get into a single 32bit word register: */
146 #ifdef __ARMEB__
147 #define __get_user_x_32t(__r2, __p, __e, __l, __s)			\
148 	__get_user_x(__r2, __p, __e, __l, 32t_8)
149 #else
150 #define __get_user_x_32t __get_user_x
151 #endif
152 
153 /*
154  * storing result into proper least significant word of 64bit target var,
155  * different only for big endian case where 64 bit __r2 lsw is r3:
156  */
157 #ifdef __ARMEB__
158 #define __get_user_x_64t(__r2, __p, __e, __l, __s)		        \
159 	   __asm__ __volatile__ (					\
160 		__asmeq("%0", "r0") __asmeq("%1", "r2")			\
161 		__asmeq("%3", "r1")					\
162 		"bl	__get_user_64t_" #__s				\
163 		: "=&r" (__e), "=r" (__r2)				\
164 		: "0" (__p), "r" (__l)					\
165 		: __GUP_CLOBBER_##__s)
166 #else
167 #define __get_user_x_64t __get_user_x
168 #endif
169 
170 
171 #define __get_user_check(x, p)						\
172 	({								\
173 		unsigned long __limit = TASK_SIZE - 1; \
174 		register typeof(*(p)) __user *__p asm("r0") = (p);	\
175 		register __inttype(x) __r2 asm("r2");			\
176 		register unsigned long __l asm("r1") = __limit;		\
177 		register int __e asm("r0");				\
178 		unsigned int __ua_flags = uaccess_save_and_enable();	\
179 		int __tmp_e;						\
180 		switch (sizeof(*(__p))) {				\
181 		case 1:							\
182 			if (sizeof((x)) >= 8)				\
183 				__get_user_x_64t(__r2, __p, __e, __l, 1); \
184 			else						\
185 				__get_user_x(__r2, __p, __e, __l, 1);	\
186 			break;						\
187 		case 2:							\
188 			if (sizeof((x)) >= 8)				\
189 				__get_user_x_64t(__r2, __p, __e, __l, 2); \
190 			else						\
191 				__get_user_x(__r2, __p, __e, __l, 2);	\
192 			break;						\
193 		case 4:							\
194 			if (sizeof((x)) >= 8)				\
195 				__get_user_x_64t(__r2, __p, __e, __l, 4); \
196 			else						\
197 				__get_user_x(__r2, __p, __e, __l, 4);	\
198 			break;						\
199 		case 8:							\
200 			if (sizeof((x)) < 8)				\
201 				__get_user_x_32t(__r2, __p, __e, __l, 4); \
202 			else						\
203 				__get_user_x(__r2, __p, __e, __l, 8);	\
204 			break;						\
205 		default: __e = __get_user_bad(); break;			\
206 		}							\
207 		__tmp_e = __e;						\
208 		uaccess_restore(__ua_flags);				\
209 		x = (typeof(*(p))) __r2;				\
210 		__tmp_e;						\
211 	})
212 
213 #define get_user(x, p)							\
214 	({								\
215 		might_fault();						\
216 		__get_user_check(x, p);					\
217 	 })
218 
219 extern int __put_user_1(void *, unsigned int);
220 extern int __put_user_2(void *, unsigned int);
221 extern int __put_user_4(void *, unsigned int);
222 extern int __put_user_8(void *, unsigned long long);
223 
224 #define __put_user_check(__pu_val, __ptr, __err, __s)			\
225 	({								\
226 		unsigned long __limit = TASK_SIZE - 1; \
227 		register typeof(__pu_val) __r2 asm("r2") = __pu_val;	\
228 		register const void __user *__p asm("r0") = __ptr;	\
229 		register unsigned long __l asm("r1") = __limit;		\
230 		register int __e asm("r0");				\
231 		__asm__ __volatile__ (					\
232 			__asmeq("%0", "r0") __asmeq("%2", "r2")		\
233 			__asmeq("%3", "r1")				\
234 			"bl	__put_user_" #__s			\
235 			: "=&r" (__e)					\
236 			: "0" (__p), "r" (__r2), "r" (__l)		\
237 			: "ip", "lr", "cc");				\
238 		__err = __e;						\
239 	})
240 
241 #else /* CONFIG_MMU */
242 
243 #define __addr_ok(addr)		((void)(addr), 1)
244 #define __range_ok(addr, size)	((void)(addr), 0)
245 
246 #define get_user(x, p)	__get_user(x, p)
247 #define __put_user_check __put_user_nocheck
248 
249 #endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
250 
251 #define access_ok(addr, size)	(__range_ok(addr, size) == 0)
252 
253 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_SPECTRE
254 /*
255  * When mitigating Spectre variant 1, it is not worth fixing the non-
256  * verifying accessors, because we need to add verification of the
257  * address space there.  Force these to use the standard get_user()
258  * version instead.
259  */
260 #define __get_user(x, ptr) get_user(x, ptr)
261 #else
262 
263 /*
264  * The "__xxx" versions of the user access functions do not verify the
265  * address space - it must have been done previously with a separate
266  * "access_ok()" call.
267  *
268  * The "xxx_error" versions set the third argument to EFAULT if an
269  * error occurs, and leave it unchanged on success.  Note that these
270  * versions are void (ie, don't return a value as such).
271  */
272 #define __get_user(x, ptr)						\
273 ({									\
274 	long __gu_err = 0;						\
275 	__get_user_err((x), (ptr), __gu_err, TUSER());			\
276 	__gu_err;							\
277 })
278 
279 #define __get_user_err(x, ptr, err, __t)				\
280 do {									\
281 	unsigned long __gu_addr = (unsigned long)(ptr);			\
282 	unsigned long __gu_val;						\
283 	unsigned int __ua_flags;					\
284 	__chk_user_ptr(ptr);						\
285 	might_fault();							\
286 	__ua_flags = uaccess_save_and_enable();				\
287 	switch (sizeof(*(ptr))) {					\
288 	case 1:	__get_user_asm_byte(__gu_val, __gu_addr, err, __t); break;	\
289 	case 2:	__get_user_asm_half(__gu_val, __gu_addr, err, __t); break;	\
290 	case 4:	__get_user_asm_word(__gu_val, __gu_addr, err, __t); break;	\
291 	default: (__gu_val) = __get_user_bad();				\
292 	}								\
293 	uaccess_restore(__ua_flags);					\
294 	(x) = (__typeof__(*(ptr)))__gu_val;				\
295 } while (0)
296 #endif
297 
298 #define __get_user_asm(x, addr, err, instr)			\
299 	__asm__ __volatile__(					\
300 	"1:	" instr " %1, [%2], #0\n"			\
301 	"2:\n"							\
302 	"	.pushsection .text.fixup,\"ax\"\n"		\
303 	"	.align	2\n"					\
304 	"3:	mov	%0, %3\n"				\
305 	"	mov	%1, #0\n"				\
306 	"	b	2b\n"					\
307 	"	.popsection\n"					\
308 	"	.pushsection __ex_table,\"a\"\n"		\
309 	"	.align	3\n"					\
310 	"	.long	1b, 3b\n"				\
311 	"	.popsection"					\
312 	: "+r" (err), "=&r" (x)					\
313 	: "r" (addr), "i" (-EFAULT)				\
314 	: "cc")
315 
316 #define __get_user_asm_byte(x, addr, err, __t)			\
317 	__get_user_asm(x, addr, err, "ldrb" __t)
318 
319 #if __LINUX_ARM_ARCH__ >= 6
320 
321 #define __get_user_asm_half(x, addr, err, __t)			\
322 	__get_user_asm(x, addr, err, "ldrh" __t)
323 
324 #else
325 
326 #ifndef __ARMEB__
327 #define __get_user_asm_half(x, __gu_addr, err, __t)		\
328 ({								\
329 	unsigned long __b1, __b2;				\
330 	__get_user_asm_byte(__b1, __gu_addr, err, __t);		\
331 	__get_user_asm_byte(__b2, __gu_addr + 1, err, __t);	\
332 	(x) = __b1 | (__b2 << 8);				\
333 })
334 #else
335 #define __get_user_asm_half(x, __gu_addr, err, __t)		\
336 ({								\
337 	unsigned long __b1, __b2;				\
338 	__get_user_asm_byte(__b1, __gu_addr, err, __t);		\
339 	__get_user_asm_byte(__b2, __gu_addr + 1, err, __t);	\
340 	(x) = (__b1 << 8) | __b2;				\
341 })
342 #endif
343 
344 #endif /* __LINUX_ARM_ARCH__ >= 6 */
345 
346 #define __get_user_asm_word(x, addr, err, __t)			\
347 	__get_user_asm(x, addr, err, "ldr" __t)
348 
349 #define __put_user_switch(x, ptr, __err, __fn)				\
350 	do {								\
351 		const __typeof__(*(ptr)) __user *__pu_ptr = (ptr);	\
352 		__typeof__(*(ptr)) __pu_val = (x);			\
353 		unsigned int __ua_flags;				\
354 		might_fault();						\
355 		__ua_flags = uaccess_save_and_enable();			\
356 		switch (sizeof(*(ptr))) {				\
357 		case 1: __fn(__pu_val, __pu_ptr, __err, 1); break;	\
358 		case 2:	__fn(__pu_val, __pu_ptr, __err, 2); break;	\
359 		case 4:	__fn(__pu_val, __pu_ptr, __err, 4); break;	\
360 		case 8:	__fn(__pu_val, __pu_ptr, __err, 8); break;	\
361 		default: __err = __put_user_bad(); break;		\
362 		}							\
363 		uaccess_restore(__ua_flags);				\
364 	} while (0)
365 
366 #define put_user(x, ptr)						\
367 ({									\
368 	int __pu_err = 0;						\
369 	__put_user_switch((x), (ptr), __pu_err, __put_user_check);	\
370 	__pu_err;							\
371 })
372 
373 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_SPECTRE
374 /*
375  * When mitigating Spectre variant 1.1, all accessors need to include
376  * verification of the address space.
377  */
378 #define __put_user(x, ptr) put_user(x, ptr)
379 
380 #else
381 #define __put_user(x, ptr)						\
382 ({									\
383 	long __pu_err = 0;						\
384 	__put_user_switch((x), (ptr), __pu_err, __put_user_nocheck);	\
385 	__pu_err;							\
386 })
387 
388 #define __put_user_nocheck(x, __pu_ptr, __err, __size)			\
389 	do {								\
390 		unsigned long __pu_addr = (unsigned long)__pu_ptr;	\
391 		__put_user_nocheck_##__size(x, __pu_addr, __err, TUSER());\
392 	} while (0)
393 
394 #define __put_user_nocheck_1 __put_user_asm_byte
395 #define __put_user_nocheck_2 __put_user_asm_half
396 #define __put_user_nocheck_4 __put_user_asm_word
397 #define __put_user_nocheck_8 __put_user_asm_dword
398 
399 #endif /* !CONFIG_CPU_SPECTRE */
400 
401 #define __put_user_asm(x, __pu_addr, err, instr)		\
402 	__asm__ __volatile__(					\
403 	"1:	" instr " %1, [%2], #0\n"		\
404 	"2:\n"							\
405 	"	.pushsection .text.fixup,\"ax\"\n"		\
406 	"	.align	2\n"					\
407 	"3:	mov	%0, %3\n"				\
408 	"	b	2b\n"					\
409 	"	.popsection\n"					\
410 	"	.pushsection __ex_table,\"a\"\n"		\
411 	"	.align	3\n"					\
412 	"	.long	1b, 3b\n"				\
413 	"	.popsection"					\
414 	: "+r" (err)						\
415 	: "r" (x), "r" (__pu_addr), "i" (-EFAULT)		\
416 	: "cc")
417 
418 #define __put_user_asm_byte(x, __pu_addr, err, __t)		\
419 	__put_user_asm(x, __pu_addr, err, "strb" __t)
420 
421 #if __LINUX_ARM_ARCH__ >= 6
422 
423 #define __put_user_asm_half(x, __pu_addr, err, __t)		\
424 	__put_user_asm(x, __pu_addr, err, "strh" __t)
425 
426 #else
427 
428 #ifndef __ARMEB__
429 #define __put_user_asm_half(x, __pu_addr, err, __t)		\
430 ({								\
431 	unsigned long __temp = (__force unsigned long)(x);	\
432 	__put_user_asm_byte(__temp, __pu_addr, err, __t);	\
433 	__put_user_asm_byte(__temp >> 8, __pu_addr + 1, err, __t);\
434 })
435 #else
436 #define __put_user_asm_half(x, __pu_addr, err, __t)		\
437 ({								\
438 	unsigned long __temp = (__force unsigned long)(x);	\
439 	__put_user_asm_byte(__temp >> 8, __pu_addr, err, __t);	\
440 	__put_user_asm_byte(__temp, __pu_addr + 1, err, __t);	\
441 })
442 #endif
443 
444 #endif /* __LINUX_ARM_ARCH__ >= 6 */
445 
446 #define __put_user_asm_word(x, __pu_addr, err, __t)		\
447 	__put_user_asm(x, __pu_addr, err, "str" __t)
448 
449 #ifndef __ARMEB__
450 #define	__reg_oper0	"%R2"
451 #define	__reg_oper1	"%Q2"
452 #else
453 #define	__reg_oper0	"%Q2"
454 #define	__reg_oper1	"%R2"
455 #endif
456 
457 #define __put_user_asm_dword(x, __pu_addr, err, __t)		\
458 	__asm__ __volatile__(					\
459  ARM(	"1:	str" __t "	" __reg_oper1 ", [%1], #4\n"  ) \
460  ARM(	"2:	str" __t "	" __reg_oper0 ", [%1]\n"      ) \
461  THUMB(	"1:	str" __t "	" __reg_oper1 ", [%1]\n"      ) \
462  THUMB(	"2:	str" __t "	" __reg_oper0 ", [%1, #4]\n"  ) \
463 	"3:\n"							\
464 	"	.pushsection .text.fixup,\"ax\"\n"		\
465 	"	.align	2\n"					\
466 	"4:	mov	%0, %3\n"				\
467 	"	b	3b\n"					\
468 	"	.popsection\n"					\
469 	"	.pushsection __ex_table,\"a\"\n"		\
470 	"	.align	3\n"					\
471 	"	.long	1b, 4b\n"				\
472 	"	.long	2b, 4b\n"				\
473 	"	.popsection"					\
474 	: "+r" (err), "+r" (__pu_addr)				\
475 	: "r" (x), "i" (-EFAULT)				\
476 	: "cc")
477 
478 #define HAVE_GET_KERNEL_NOFAULT
479 
480 #define __get_kernel_nofault(dst, src, type, err_label)			\
481 do {									\
482 	const type *__pk_ptr = (src);					\
483 	unsigned long __src = (unsigned long)(__pk_ptr);		\
484 	type __val;							\
485 	int __err = 0;							\
486 	switch (sizeof(type)) {						\
487 	case 1:	__get_user_asm_byte(__val, __src, __err, ""); break;	\
488 	case 2: __get_user_asm_half(__val, __src, __err, ""); break;	\
489 	case 4: __get_user_asm_word(__val, __src, __err, ""); break;	\
490 	case 8: {							\
491 		u32 *__v32 = (u32*)&__val;				\
492 		__get_user_asm_word(__v32[0], __src, __err, "");	\
493 		if (__err)						\
494 			break;						\
495 		__get_user_asm_word(__v32[1], __src+4, __err, "");	\
496 		break;							\
497 	}								\
498 	default: __err = __get_user_bad(); break;			\
499 	}								\
500 	*(type *)(dst) = __val;						\
501 	if (__err)							\
502 		goto err_label;						\
503 } while (0)
504 
505 #define __put_kernel_nofault(dst, src, type, err_label)			\
506 do {									\
507 	const type *__pk_ptr = (dst);					\
508 	unsigned long __dst = (unsigned long)__pk_ptr;			\
509 	int __err = 0;							\
510 	type __val = *(type *)src;					\
511 	switch (sizeof(type)) {						\
512 	case 1: __put_user_asm_byte(__val, __dst, __err, ""); break;	\
513 	case 2:	__put_user_asm_half(__val, __dst, __err, ""); break;	\
514 	case 4:	__put_user_asm_word(__val, __dst, __err, ""); break;	\
515 	case 8:	__put_user_asm_dword(__val, __dst, __err, ""); break;	\
516 	default: __err = __put_user_bad(); break;			\
517 	}								\
518 	if (__err)							\
519 		goto err_label;						\
520 } while (0)
521 
522 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
523 extern unsigned long __must_check
524 arm_copy_from_user(void *to, const void __user *from, unsigned long n);
525 
526 static inline unsigned long __must_check
527 raw_copy_from_user(void *to, const void __user *from, unsigned long n)
528 {
529 	unsigned int __ua_flags;
530 
531 	__ua_flags = uaccess_save_and_enable();
532 	n = arm_copy_from_user(to, from, n);
533 	uaccess_restore(__ua_flags);
534 	return n;
535 }
536 
537 extern unsigned long __must_check
538 arm_copy_to_user(void __user *to, const void *from, unsigned long n);
539 extern unsigned long __must_check
540 __copy_to_user_std(void __user *to, const void *from, unsigned long n);
541 
542 static inline unsigned long __must_check
543 raw_copy_to_user(void __user *to, const void *from, unsigned long n)
544 {
545 #ifndef CONFIG_UACCESS_WITH_MEMCPY
546 	unsigned int __ua_flags;
547 	__ua_flags = uaccess_save_and_enable();
548 	n = arm_copy_to_user(to, from, n);
549 	uaccess_restore(__ua_flags);
550 	return n;
551 #else
552 	return arm_copy_to_user(to, from, n);
553 #endif
554 }
555 
556 extern unsigned long __must_check
557 arm_clear_user(void __user *addr, unsigned long n);
558 extern unsigned long __must_check
559 __clear_user_std(void __user *addr, unsigned long n);
560 
561 static inline unsigned long __must_check
562 __clear_user(void __user *addr, unsigned long n)
563 {
564 	unsigned int __ua_flags = uaccess_save_and_enable();
565 	n = arm_clear_user(addr, n);
566 	uaccess_restore(__ua_flags);
567 	return n;
568 }
569 
570 #else
571 static inline unsigned long
572 raw_copy_from_user(void *to, const void __user *from, unsigned long n)
573 {
574 	memcpy(to, (const void __force *)from, n);
575 	return 0;
576 }
577 static inline unsigned long
578 raw_copy_to_user(void __user *to, const void *from, unsigned long n)
579 {
580 	memcpy((void __force *)to, from, n);
581 	return 0;
582 }
583 #define __clear_user(addr, n)		(memset((void __force *)addr, 0, n), 0)
584 #endif
585 #define INLINE_COPY_TO_USER
586 #define INLINE_COPY_FROM_USER
587 
588 static inline unsigned long __must_check clear_user(void __user *to, unsigned long n)
589 {
590 	if (access_ok(to, n))
591 		n = __clear_user(to, n);
592 	return n;
593 }
594 
595 /* These are from lib/ code, and use __get_user() and friends */
596 extern long strncpy_from_user(char *dest, const char __user *src, long count);
597 
598 extern __must_check long strnlen_user(const char __user *str, long n);
599 
600 #endif /* _ASMARM_UACCESS_H */
601