1.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2
3.. _tw_magicnumbers:
4
5.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_TW.rst
6
7:Original: :ref:`Documentation/process/magic-number.rst <magicnumbers>`
8
9如果想評論或更新本文的內容,請直接發信到LKML。如果你使用英文交流有困難的話,也可
10以向中文版維護者求助。如果本翻譯更新不及時或者翻譯存在問題,請聯繫中文版維護者::
11
12        中文版維護者: 賈威威 Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@gmail.com>
13        中文版翻譯者: 賈威威 Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@gmail.com>
14        中文版校譯者: 賈威威 Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@gmail.com>
15                      胡皓文 Hu Haowen <src.res@email.cn>
16
17Linux 魔術數
18============
19
20這個文件是有關當前使用的魔術值註冊表。當你給一個結構添加了一個魔術值,你也應該把這個魔術值添加到這個文件,因爲我們最好把用於各種結構的魔術值統一起來。
21
22使用魔術值來保護內核數據結構是一個非常好的主意。這就允許你在運行期檢查(a)一個結構是否已經被攻擊,或者(b)你已經給一個例行程序通過了一個錯誤的結構。後一種情況特別地有用---特別是當你通過一個空指針指向結構體的時候。tty源碼,例如,經常通過特定驅動使用這種方法並且反覆地排列特定方面的結構。
23
24使用魔術值的方法是在結構的開始處聲明的,如下::
25
26        struct tty_ldisc {
27	        int	magic;
28        	...
29        };
30
31當你以後給內核添加增強功能的時候,請遵守這條規則!這樣就會節省數不清的調試時間,特別是一些古怪的情況,例如,數組超出範圍並且重新寫了超出部分。遵守這個規則,‪這些情況可以被快速地,安全地避免。
32
33		Theodore Ts'o
34		  31 Mar 94
35
36給當前的Linux 2.1.55添加魔術表。
37
38		Michael Chastain
39		<mailto:mec@shout.net>
40		22 Sep 1997
41
42現在應該最新的Linux 2.1.112.因爲在特性凍結期間,不能在2.2.x前改變任何東西。這些條目被數域所排序。
43
44		Krzysztof G.Baranowski
45	        <mailto: kgb@knm.org.pl>
46		29 Jul 1998
47
48更新魔術表到Linux 2.5.45。剛好越過特性凍結,但是有可能還會有一些新的魔術值在2.6.x之前融入到內核中。
49
50		Petr Baudis
51		<pasky@ucw.cz>
52		03 Nov 2002
53
54更新魔術表到Linux 2.5.74。
55
56		Fabian Frederick
57                <ffrederick@users.sourceforge.net>
58		09 Jul 2003
59
60===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
61魔術數名              數字             結構                     文件
62===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
63PG_MAGIC              'P'              pg_{read,write}_hdr      ``include/linux/pg.h``
64CMAGIC                0x0111           user                     ``include/linux/a.out.h``
65MKISS_DRIVER_MAGIC    0x04bf           mkiss_channel            ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
66HDLC_MAGIC            0x239e           n_hdlc                   ``drivers/char/n_hdlc.c``
67APM_BIOS_MAGIC        0x4101           apm_user                 ``arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c``
68DB_MAGIC              0x4442           fc_info                  ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
69DL_MAGIC              0x444d           fc_info                  ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
70FASYNC_MAGIC          0x4601           fasync_struct            ``include/linux/fs.h``
71FF_MAGIC              0x4646           fc_info                  ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
72PTY_MAGIC             0x5001                                    ``drivers/char/pty.c``
73PPP_MAGIC             0x5002           ppp                      ``include/linux/if_pppvar.h``
74SSTATE_MAGIC          0x5302           serial_state             ``include/linux/serial.h``
75SLIP_MAGIC            0x5302           slip                     ``drivers/net/slip.h``
76STRIP_MAGIC           0x5303           strip                    ``drivers/net/strip.c``
77SIXPACK_MAGIC         0x5304           sixpack                  ``drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.h``
78AX25_MAGIC            0x5316           ax_disp                  ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
79TTY_MAGIC             0x5401           tty_struct               ``include/linux/tty.h``
80MGSL_MAGIC            0x5401           mgsl_info                ``drivers/char/synclink.c``
81TTY_DRIVER_MAGIC      0x5402           tty_driver               ``include/linux/tty_driver.h``
82MGSLPC_MAGIC          0x5402           mgslpc_info              ``drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c``
83USB_SERIAL_MAGIC      0x6702           usb_serial               ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
84FULL_DUPLEX_MAGIC     0x6969                                    ``drivers/net/ethernet/dec/tulip/de2104x.c``
85USB_BLUETOOTH_MAGIC   0x6d02           usb_bluetooth            ``drivers/usb/class/bluetty.c``
86RFCOMM_TTY_MAGIC      0x6d02                                    ``net/bluetooth/rfcomm/tty.c``
87USB_SERIAL_PORT_MAGIC 0x7301           usb_serial_port          ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
88CG_MAGIC              0x00090255       ufs_cylinder_group       ``include/linux/ufs_fs.h``
89LSEMAGIC              0x05091998       lse                      ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
90GDTIOCTL_MAGIC        0x06030f07       gdth_iowr_str            ``drivers/scsi/gdth_ioctl.h``
91RIEBL_MAGIC           0x09051990                                ``drivers/net/atarilance.c``
92NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC     0x12560953       nbd_request              ``include/linux/nbd.h``
93RED_MAGIC2            0x170fc2a5       (any)                    ``mm/slab.c``
94BAYCOM_MAGIC          0x19730510       baycom_state             ``drivers/net/baycom_epp.c``
95ISDN_X25IFACE_MAGIC   0x1e75a2b9       isdn_x25iface_proto_data ``drivers/isdn/isdn_x25iface.h``
96ECP_MAGIC             0x21504345       cdkecpsig                ``include/linux/cdk.h``
97LSOMAGIC              0x27091997       lso                      ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
98LSMAGIC               0x2a3b4d2a       ls                       ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
99WANPIPE_MAGIC         0x414C4453       sdla_{dump,exec}         ``include/linux/wanpipe.h``
100CS_CARD_MAGIC         0x43525553       cs_card                  ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
101LABELCL_MAGIC         0x4857434c       labelcl_info_s           ``include/asm/ia64/sn/labelcl.h``
102ISDN_ASYNC_MAGIC      0x49344C01       modem_info               ``include/linux/isdn.h``
103CTC_ASYNC_MAGIC       0x49344C01       ctc_tty_info             ``drivers/s390/net/ctctty.c``
104ISDN_NET_MAGIC        0x49344C02       isdn_net_local_s         ``drivers/isdn/i4l/isdn_net_lib.h``
105SAVEKMSG_MAGIC2       0x4B4D5347       savekmsg                 ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
106CS_STATE_MAGIC        0x4c4f4749       cs_state                 ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
107SLAB_C_MAGIC          0x4f17a36d       kmem_cache               ``mm/slab.c``
108COW_MAGIC             0x4f4f4f4d       cow_header_v1            ``arch/um/drivers/ubd_user.c``
109I810_CARD_MAGIC       0x5072696E       i810_card                ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
110TRIDENT_CARD_MAGIC    0x5072696E       trident_card             ``sound/oss/trident.c``
111ROUTER_MAGIC          0x524d4157       wan_device               [in ``wanrouter.h`` pre 3.9]
112SAVEKMSG_MAGIC1       0x53415645       savekmsg                 ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
113GDA_MAGIC             0x58464552       gda                      ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/gda.h``
114RED_MAGIC1            0x5a2cf071       (any)                    ``mm/slab.c``
115EEPROM_MAGIC_VALUE    0x5ab478d2       lanai_dev                ``drivers/atm/lanai.c``
116HDLCDRV_MAGIC         0x5ac6e778       hdlcdrv_state            ``include/linux/hdlcdrv.h``
117PCXX_MAGIC            0x5c6df104       channel                  ``drivers/char/pcxx.h``
118KV_MAGIC              0x5f4b565f       kernel_vars_s            ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/klkernvars.h``
119I810_STATE_MAGIC      0x63657373       i810_state               ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
120TRIDENT_STATE_MAGIC   0x63657373       trient_state             ``sound/oss/trident.c``
121M3_CARD_MAGIC         0x646e6f50       m3_card                  ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
122FW_HEADER_MAGIC       0x65726F66       fw_header                ``drivers/atm/fore200e.h``
123SLOT_MAGIC            0x67267321       slot                     ``drivers/hotplug/cpqphp.h``
124SLOT_MAGIC            0x67267322       slot                     ``drivers/hotplug/acpiphp.h``
125LO_MAGIC              0x68797548       nbd_device               ``include/linux/nbd.h``
126M3_STATE_MAGIC        0x734d724d       m3_state                 ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
127VMALLOC_MAGIC         0x87654320       snd_alloc_track          ``sound/core/memory.c``
128KMALLOC_MAGIC         0x87654321       snd_alloc_track          ``sound/core/memory.c``
129PWC_MAGIC             0x89DC10AB       pwc_device               ``drivers/usb/media/pwc.h``
130NBD_REPLY_MAGIC       0x96744668       nbd_reply                ``include/linux/nbd.h``
131ENI155_MAGIC          0xa54b872d       midway_eprom	        ``drivers/atm/eni.h``
132CODA_MAGIC            0xC0DAC0DA       coda_file_info           ``fs/coda/coda_fs_i.h``
133DPMEM_MAGIC           0xc0ffee11       gdt_pci_sram             ``drivers/scsi/gdth.h``
134YAM_MAGIC             0xF10A7654       yam_port                 ``drivers/net/hamradio/yam.c``
135CCB_MAGIC             0xf2691ad2       ccb                      ``drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c``
136QUEUE_MAGIC_FREE      0xf7e1c9a3       queue_entry              ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
137QUEUE_MAGIC_USED      0xf7e1cc33       queue_entry              ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
138HTB_CMAGIC            0xFEFAFEF1       htb_class                ``net/sched/sch_htb.c``
139NMI_MAGIC             0x48414d4d455201 nmi_s                    ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/nmi.h``
140===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
141
142
143請注意,在聲音記憶管理中仍然有一些特殊的爲每個驅動定義的魔術值。查看include/sound/sndmagic.h來獲取他們完整的列表信息。很多OSS聲音驅動擁有自己從音效卡PCI ID構建的魔術值-他們也沒有被列在這裡。
144
145IrDA子系統也使用了大量的自己的魔術值,查看include/net/irda/irda.h來獲取他們完整的信息。
146
147HFS是另外一個比較大的使用魔術值的文件系統-你可以在fs/hfs/hfs.h中找到他們。
148
149