1==============================================================
2Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver Configuration guide
3==============================================================
4
5
6Kernel Configuration
7====================
8
9To enable ALSA support you need at least to build the kernel with
10primary sound card support (``CONFIG_SOUND``).  Since ALSA can emulate
11OSS, you don't have to choose any of the OSS modules.
12
13Enable "OSS API emulation" (``CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL``) and both OSS mixer
14and PCM supports if you want to run OSS applications with ALSA.
15
16If you want to support the WaveTable functionality on cards such as
17SB Live! then you need to enable "Sequencer support"
18(``CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER``).
19
20To make ALSA debug messages more verbose, enable the "Verbose printk"
21and "Debug" options.  To check for memory leaks, turn on "Debug memory"
22too.  "Debug detection" will add checks for the detection of cards.
23
24Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support the Linux isapnp API
25(if the card supports ISA PnP).  You don't need to configure the cards
26using isapnptools.
27
28
29Module parameters
30=================
31
32The user can load modules with options. If the module supports more than
33one card and you have more than one card of the same type then you can
34specify multiple values for the option separated by commas.
35
36
37Module snd
38----------
39
40The core ALSA module.  It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
41It takes the following options which have global effects.
42
43major
44    major number for sound driver;
45    Default: 116
46cards_limit
47    limiting card index for auto-loading (1-8);
48    Default: 1;
49    For auto-loading more than one card, specify this option
50    together with snd-card-X aliases.
51slots
52    Reserve the slot index for the given driver;
53    This option takes multiple strings.
54    See `Module Autoloading Support`_ section for details.
55debug
56    Specifies the debug message level;
57    (0 = disable debug prints, 1 = normal debug messages,
58    2 = verbose debug messages);
59    This option appears only when ``CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y``.
60    This option can be dynamically changed via sysfs
61    /sys/modules/snd/parameters/debug file.
62
63Module snd-pcm-oss
64------------------
65
66The PCM OSS emulation module.
67This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
68
69dsp_map
70    PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device;
71    Default: 0
72adsp_map
73    PCM device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device;
74    Default: 1
75nonblock_open
76    Don't block opening busy PCM devices;
77    Default: 1
78
79For example, when ``dsp_map=2``, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of
80the card #0.  Similarly, when ``adsp_map=0``, /dev/adsp will be mapped
81to PCM #0 of the card #0.
82For changing the second or later card, specify the option with
83commas, such like ``dsp_map=0,1``.
84
85``nonblock_open`` option is used to change the behavior of the PCM
86regarding opening the device.  When this option is non-zero,
87opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return
88immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag).
89
90Module snd-rawmidi
91------------------
92
93This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
94similar to those of the snd-pcm-oss module.
95
96midi_map
97    MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device;
98    Default: 0
99amidi_map
100    MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device;
101    Default: 1
102
103Common parameters for top sound card modules
104--------------------------------------------
105
106Each of top level sound card module takes the following options.
107
108index
109    index (slot #) of sound card;
110    Values: 0 through 31 or negative;
111    If nonnegative, assign that index number;
112    if negative, interpret as a bitmask of permissible indices;
113    the first free permitted index is assigned;
114    Default: -1
115id
116    card ID (identifier or name);
117    Can be up to 15 characters long;
118    Default: the card type;
119    A directory by this name is created under /proc/asound/
120    containing information about the card;
121    This ID can be used instead of the index number in
122    identifying the card
123enable
124    enable card;
125    Default: enabled, for PCI and ISA PnP cards
126
127Module snd-adlib
128----------------
129
130Module for AdLib FM cards.
131
132port
133    port # for OPL chip
134
135This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe, so
136the port must be specified. For actual AdLib FM cards it will be 0x388.
137Note that this card does not have PCM support and no mixer; only FM
138synthesis.
139
140Make sure you have ``sbiload`` from the alsa-tools package available and,
141after loading the module, find out the assigned ALSA sequencer port
142number through ``sbiload -l``.
143
144Example output:
145::
146
147      Port     Client name                       Port name
148      64:0     OPL2 FM synth                     OPL2 FM Port
149
150Load the ``std.sb`` and ``drums.sb`` patches also supplied by ``sbiload``:
151::
152
153      sbiload -p 64:0 std.sb drums.sb
154
155If you use this driver to drive an OPL3, you can use ``std.o3`` and ``drums.o3``
156instead. To have the card produce sound, use ``aplaymidi`` from alsa-utils:
157::
158
159      aplaymidi -p 64:0 foo.mid
160
161Module snd-ad1816a
162------------------
163
164Module for sound cards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips.
165
166clockfreq
167    Clock frequency for AD1816A chip (default = 0, 33000Hz)
168
169This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
170
171Module snd-ad1848
172-----------------
173
174Module for sound cards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips.
175
176port
177    port # for AD1848 chip
178irq
179    IRQ # for AD1848  chip
180dma1
181    DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3)
182
183This module supports multiple cards.  It does not support autoprobe
184thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
185
186The power-management is supported.
187
188Module snd-ad1889
189-----------------
190
191Module for Analog Devices AD1889 chips.
192
193ac97_quirk
194    AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
195    See the description of intel8x0 module for details.
196
197This module supports multiple cards.
198
199Module snd-ali5451
200------------------
201
202Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip.
203
204pcm_channels
205    Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM
206spdif
207    Support SPDIF I/O;
208    Default: disabled
209
210This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
211
212The power-management is supported.
213
214Module snd-als100
215-----------------
216
217Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips.
218
219This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
220
221The power-management is supported.
222
223Module snd-als300
224-----------------
225
226Module for Avance Logic ALS300 and ALS300+
227
228This module supports multiple cards.
229
230The power-management is supported.
231
232Module snd-als4000
233------------------
234
235Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip.
236
237joystick_port
238    port # for legacy joystick support;
239    0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect
240
241This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
242
243The power-management is supported.
244
245Module snd-asihpi
246-----------------
247
248Module for AudioScience ASI soundcards
249
250enable_hpi_hwdep
251    enable HPI hwdep for AudioScience soundcard
252
253This module supports multiple cards.
254The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
255
256Module snd-atiixp
257-----------------
258
259Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250/400 AC97 controllers.
260
261ac97_clock
262    AC'97 clock (default = 48000)
263ac97_quirk
264    AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
265    See `AC97 Quirk Option`_ section below.
266ac97_codec
267    Workaround to specify which AC'97 codec instead of probing.
268    If this works for you file a bug with your `lspci -vn` output.
269    (-2 = Force probing, -1 = Default behavior, 0-2 = Use the
270    specified codec.)
271spdif_aclink
272    S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1)
273
274This module supports one card and autoprobe.
275
276ATI IXP has two different methods to control SPDIF output.  One is
277over AC-link and another is over the "direct" SPDIF output.  The
278implementation depends on the motherboard, and you'll need to
279choose the correct one via spdif_aclink module option.
280
281The power-management is supported.
282
283Module snd-atiixp-modem
284-----------------------
285
286Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers.
287
288This module supports one card and autoprobe.
289
290Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
291slot is excluded.
292
293The power-management is supported.
294
295Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830
296-----------------------------------------
297
298Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device.
299
300pcifix
301    Control PCI workarounds;
302    0 = Disable all workarounds,
303    1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff,
304    2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient
305    Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge,
306    3 = Force both settings,
307    255 = Autodetect what is required (default)
308
309This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware
310EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development.
311Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at
312https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/
313SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the
314``spdif`` pcm device, which allows raw data passthru.
315The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and
316Advantage.
317
318Note: Some ALSA mixer applications don't handle the SPDIF sample rate
319control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try
320another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works).
321
322Module snd-azt1605
323------------------
324
325Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy soundcards based on the Aztech AZT1605
326chipset.
327
328port
329    port # for BASE (0x220,0x240,0x260,0x280)
330wss_port
331    port # for WSS (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
332irq
333    IRQ # for WSS (7,9,10,11)
334dma1
335    DMA # for WSS playback (0,1,3)
336dma2
337    DMA # for WSS capture (0,1), -1 = disabled (default)
338mpu_port
339    port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disabled (default)
340mpu_irq
341    IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (3,5,7,9), -1 = disabled (default)
342fm_port
343    port # for OPL3 (0x388), -1 = disabled (default)
344
345This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe:
346``port``, ``wss_port``, ``irq`` and ``dma1`` have to be specified.
347The other values are optional.
348
349``port`` needs to match the BASE ADDRESS jumper on the card (0x220 or 0x240)
350or the value stored in the card's EEPROM for cards that have an EEPROM and
351their "CONFIG MODE" jumper set to "EEPROM SETTING". The other values can
352be chosen freely from the options enumerated above.
353
354If ``dma2`` is specified and different from ``dma1``, the card will operate in
355full-duplex mode. When ``dma1=3``, only ``dma2=0`` is valid and the only way to
356enable capture since only channels 0 and 1 are available for capture.
357
358Generic settings are ``port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0
359mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388``.
360
361Whatever IRQ and DMA channels you pick, be sure to reserve them for
362legacy ISA in your BIOS.
363
364Module snd-azt2316
365------------------
366
367Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy soundcards based on the Aztech AZT2316
368chipset.
369
370port
371    port # for BASE (0x220,0x240,0x260,0x280)
372wss_port
373    port # for WSS (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
374irq
375    IRQ # for WSS (7,9,10,11)
376dma1
377    DMA # for WSS playback (0,1,3)
378dma2
379    DMA # for WSS capture (0,1), -1 = disabled (default)
380mpu_port
381    port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disabled (default)
382mpu_irq
383    IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10), -1 = disabled (default)
384fm_port
385    port # for OPL3 (0x388), -1 = disabled (default)
386
387This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe:
388``port``, ``wss_port``, ``irq`` and ``dma1`` have to be specified.
389The other values are optional.
390
391``port`` needs to match the BASE ADDRESS jumper on the card (0x220 or 0x240)
392or the value stored in the card's EEPROM for cards that have an EEPROM and
393their "CONFIG MODE" jumper set to "EEPROM SETTING". The other values can
394be chosen freely from the options enumerated above.
395
396If ``dma2`` is specified and different from ``dma1``, the card will operate in
397full-duplex mode. When ``dma1=3``, only ``dma2=0`` is valid and the only way to
398enable capture since only channels 0 and 1 are available for capture.
399
400Generic settings are ``port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0
401mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388``.
402
403Whatever IRQ and DMA channels you pick, be sure to reserve them for
404legacy ISA in your BIOS.
405
406Module snd-aw2
407--------------
408
409Module for Audiowerk2 sound card
410
411This module supports multiple cards.
412
413Module snd-azt2320
414------------------
415
416Module for sound cards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only).
417
418This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
419
420The power-management is supported.
421
422Module snd-azt3328
423------------------
424
425Module for sound cards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip.
426
427joystick
428    Enable joystick (default off)
429
430This module supports multiple cards.
431
432Module snd-bt87x
433----------------
434
435Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips.
436
437digital_rate
438    Override the default digital rate (Hz)
439load_all
440    Load the driver even if the card model isn't known
441
442This module supports multiple cards.
443
444Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
445slot is excluded.
446
447Module snd-ca0106
448-----------------
449
450Module for Creative Audigy LS and SB Live 24bit
451
452This module supports multiple cards.
453
454
455Module snd-cmi8330
456------------------
457
458Module for sound cards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips.
459
460isapnp
461    ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
462
463with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
464
465wssport
466    port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
467wssirq
468    IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
469wssdma
470    first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
471sbport
472    port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
473sbirq
474    IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
475sbdma8
476    8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
477sbdma16
478    16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
479fmport
480    (optional) OPL3 I/O port
481mpuport
482    (optional) MPU401 I/O port
483mpuirq
484    (optional) MPU401 irq #
485
486This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
487
488The power-management is supported.
489
490Module snd-cmipci
491-----------------
492
493Module for C-Media CMI8338/8738/8768/8770 PCI sound cards.
494
495mpu_port
496    port address of MIDI interface (8338 only):
497    0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330 = legacy port,
498    1 = integrated PCI port (default on 8738),
499    0 = disable
500fm_port
501    port address of OPL-3 FM synthesizer (8x38 only):
502    0x388 = legacy port,
503    1 = integrated PCI port (default on 8738),
504    0 = disable
505soft_ac3
506    Software-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only) (default = 1)
507joystick_port
508    Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect)
509
510This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
511
512The power-management is supported.
513
514Module snd-cs4231
515-----------------
516
517Module for sound cards based on CS4231 ISA chips.
518
519port
520    port # for CS4231 chip
521mpu_port
522    port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable
523irq
524    IRQ # for CS4231 chip
525mpu_irq
526    IRQ # for MPU-401 UART
527dma1
528    first DMA # for CS4231 chip
529dma2
530    second DMA # for CS4231 chip
531
532This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
533thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
534
535The power-management is supported.
536
537Module snd-cs4236
538-----------------
539
540Module for sound cards based on CS4232/CS4232A,
541CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips.
542
543isapnp
544    ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
545
546with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
547
548port
549    port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
550cport
551    control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
552mpu_port
553    port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
554fm_port
555    FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
556irq
557    IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
558mpu_irq
559    IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
560dma1
561    first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3)
562dma2
563    second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
564
565This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
566(if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be
567specified!!! Other ports are optional.
568
569The power-management is supported.
570
571This module is aliased as snd-cs4232 since it provides the old
572snd-cs4232 functionality, too.
573
574Module snd-cs4281
575-----------------
576
577Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip.
578
579dual_codec
580    Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default)
581
582This module supports multiple cards.
583
584The power-management is supported.
585
586Module snd-cs46xx
587-----------------
588
589Module for PCI sound cards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/
590CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips.
591
592external_amp
593    Force to enable external amplifier.
594thinkpad
595    Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control.
596mmap_valid
597    Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0).
598
599This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
600Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically
601from PCI sub vendor/device ids.  If they don't work, give the options
602above explicitly.
603
604The power-management is supported.
605
606Module snd-cs5530
607-----------------
608
609Module for Cyrix/NatSemi Geode 5530 chip.
610
611Module snd-cs5535audio
612----------------------
613
614Module for multifunction CS5535 companion PCI device
615
616The power-management is supported.
617
618Module snd-ctxfi
619----------------
620
621Module for Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi boards (20k1 / 20k2 chips)
622
623* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Champion Series
624* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Professional Series
625* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Professional Audio
626* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium
627* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Elite Pro
628* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Platinum
629* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Fatal1ty
630* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeGamer
631* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeMusic
632
633reference_rate
634    reference sample rate, 44100 or 48000 (default)
635multiple
636    multiple to ref. sample rate, 1 or 2 (default)
637subsystem
638    override the PCI SSID for probing;
639    the value consists of SSVID << 16 | SSDID.
640    The default is zero, which means no override.
641
642This module supports multiple cards.
643
644Module snd-darla20
645------------------
646
647Module for Echoaudio Darla20
648
649This module supports multiple cards.
650The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
651
652Module snd-darla24
653------------------
654
655Module for Echoaudio Darla24
656
657This module supports multiple cards.
658The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
659
660Module snd-dt019x
661-----------------
662
663Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP
664only)
665
666This module supports multiple cards.  This module is enabled only with
667ISA PnP support.
668
669The power-management is supported.
670
671Module snd-dummy
672----------------
673
674Module for the dummy sound card. This "card" doesn't do any output
675or input, but you may use this module for any application which
676requires a sound card (like RealPlayer).
677
678pcm_devs
679    Number of PCM devices assigned to each card (default = 1, up to 4)
680pcm_substreams
681    Number of PCM substreams assigned to each PCM (default = 8, up to 128)
682hrtimer
683    Use hrtimer (=1, default) or system timer (=0)
684fake_buffer
685    Fake buffer allocations (default = 1)
686
687When multiple PCM devices are created, snd-dummy gives different
688behavior to each PCM device:
689* 0 = interleaved with mmap support
690* 1 = non-interleaved with mmap support
691* 2 = interleaved without mmap
692* 3 = non-interleaved without mmap
693
694As default, snd-dummy drivers doesn't allocate the real buffers
695but either ignores read/write or mmap a single dummy page to all
696buffer pages, in order to save the resources.  If your apps need
697the read/ written buffer data to be consistent, pass fake_buffer=0
698option.
699
700The power-management is supported.
701
702Module snd-echo3g
703-----------------
704
705Module for Echoaudio 3G cards (Gina3G/Layla3G)
706
707This module supports multiple cards.
708The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
709
710Module snd-emu10k1
711------------------
712
713Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI sound cards.
714
715* Sound Blaster Live!
716* Sound Blaster PCI 512
717* Emu APS (partially supported)
718* Sound Blaster Audigy
719
720extin
721    bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
722extout
723    bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
724seq_ports
725    allocated sequencer ports (4 by default)
726max_synth_voices
727    limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default)
728max_buffer_size
729    specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers given in MB
730    unit.  Default value is 128.
731enable_ir
732    enable IR
733
734This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
735
736Input & Output configurations 			[extin/extout]
737* Creative Card wo/Digital out			[0x0003/0x1f03]
738* Creative Card w/Digital out			[0x0003/0x1f0f]
739* Creative Card w/Digital CD in			[0x000f/0x1f0f]
740* Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive	[0x3fc3/0x1fc3]
741* Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive	[0x3fc3/0x1fcf]
742* Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive	[0x3fcf/0x1fcf]
743* Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2  [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
744* Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2	[0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
745* Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2	[0x0fcf/0x1f0f]
746* Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive	[0x3fc3/0x1fff]
747* Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003			[0x3fc3/0x7cff]
748* Creative Card all ins and outs		[0x3fff/0x7fff]
749
750The power-management is supported.
751
752Module snd-emu10k1x
753-------------------
754
755Module for Creative Emu10k1X (SB Live Dell OEM version)
756
757This module supports multiple cards.
758
759Module snd-ens1370
760------------------
761
762Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI sound cards.
763
764* SoundBlaster PCI 64
765* SoundBlaster PCI 128
766
767joystick
768    Enable joystick (default off)
769
770This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
771
772The power-management is supported.
773
774Module snd-ens1371
775------------------
776
777Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI sound cards.
778
779* SoundBlaster PCI 64
780* SoundBlaster PCI 128
781* SoundBlaster Vibra PCI
782
783joystick_port
784    port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218), 0 = disable
785    (default), 1 = auto-detect
786
787This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
788
789The power-management is supported.
790
791Module snd-es1688
792-----------------
793
794Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards.
795
796isapnp
797    ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
798mpu_port
799    port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
800mpu_irq
801    IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
802fm_port
803    port # for OPL3 (option; share the same port as default)
804
805with ``isapnp=0``, the following additional options are available:
806
807port
808    port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
809irq
810    IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
811dma8
812    DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
813
814This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port)
815and PnP with the ES968 chip.
816
817Module snd-es18xx
818-----------------
819
820Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx sound cards.
821
822isapnp
823    ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
824
825with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
826
827port
828    port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
829mpu_port
830    port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
831fm_port
832    port # for FM (optional, not used)
833irq
834    IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10)
835dma1
836    first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
837dma2
838    first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
839
840This module supports multiple cards, ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401
841port if native ISA PnP routines are not used).
842When ``dma2`` is equal with ``dma1``, the driver works as half-duplex.
843
844The power-management is supported.
845
846Module snd-es1938
847-----------------
848
849Module for sound cards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips.
850
851This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
852
853The power-management is supported.
854
855Module snd-es1968
856-----------------
857
858Module for sound cards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips.
859
860total_bufsize
861    total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB)
862pcm_substreams_p
863    playback channels (1-8, default=2)
864pcm_substreams_c
865    capture channels (1-8, default=0)
866clock
867    clock (0 = auto-detection)
868use_pm
869    support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
870enable_mpu
871    enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
872joystick
873    enable joystick (default off)
874
875This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
876
877The power-management is supported.
878
879Module snd-fm801
880----------------
881
882Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI sound cards.
883
884tea575x_tuner
885    Enable TEA575x tuner;
886    1 = MediaForte 256-PCS,
887    2 = MediaForte 256-PCPR,
888    3 = MediaForte 64-PCR
889    High 16-bits are video (radio) device number + 1;
890    example: 0x10002 (MediaForte 256-PCPR, device 1)
891
892This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
893
894The power-management is supported.
895
896Module snd-gina20
897-----------------
898
899Module for Echoaudio Gina20
900
901This module supports multiple cards.
902The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
903
904Module snd-gina24
905-----------------
906
907Module for Echoaudio Gina24
908
909This module supports multiple cards.
910The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
911
912Module snd-gusclassic
913---------------------
914
915Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic sound card.
916
917port
918    port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
919irq
920    IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
921dma1
922    DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
923dma2
924    DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
925joystick_dac
926    0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
927voices
928    GF1 voices limit (14-32)
929pcm_voices
930    reserved PCM voices
931
932This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
933
934Module snd-gusextreme
935---------------------
936
937Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) sound card.
938
939port
940    port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
941gf1_port
942    port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270)
943mpu_port
944    port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable
945irq
946    IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
947gf1_irq
948    IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
949mpu_irq
950    IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
951dma8
952    DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
953dma1
954    DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
955joystick_dac
956    0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
957voices
958    GF1 voices limit (14-32)
959pcm_voices
960    reserved PCM voices
961
962This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
963
964Module snd-gusmax
965-----------------
966
967Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX sound card.
968
969port
970    port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
971irq
972    IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
973dma1
974    DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
975dma2
976    DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
977joystick_dac
978    0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
979voices
980    GF1 voices limit (14-32)
981pcm_voices
982    reserved PCM voices
983
984This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
985
986Module snd-hda-intel
987--------------------
988
989Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ESB2, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10,
990PCH, SCH), ATI SB450, SB600, R600, RS600, RS690, RS780, RV610, RV620,
991RV630, RV635, RV670, RV770, VIA VT8251/VT8237A, SIS966, ULI M5461
992
993[Multiple options for each card instance]
994
995model
996    force the model name
997position_fix
998    Fix DMA pointer;
999    -1 = system default: choose appropriate one per controller hardware,
1000    0 = auto: falls back to LPIB when POSBUF doesn't work,
1001    1 = use LPIB,
1002    2 = POSBUF: use position buffer,
1003    3 = VIACOMBO: VIA-specific workaround for capture,
1004    4 = COMBO: use LPIB for playback, auto for capture stream
1005    5 = SKL+: apply the delay calculation available on recent Intel chips
1006    6 = FIFO: correct the position with the fixed FIFO size, for recent AMD chips
1007probe_mask
1008    Bitmask to probe codecs (default = -1, meaning all slots);
1009    When the bit 8 (0x100) is set, the lower 8 bits are used
1010    as the "fixed" codec slots; i.e. the driver probes the
1011    slots regardless what hardware reports back
1012probe_only
1013    Only probing and no codec initialization (default=off);
1014    Useful to check the initial codec status for debugging
1015bdl_pos_adj
1016    Specifies the DMA IRQ timing delay in samples.
1017    Passing -1 will make the driver to choose the appropriate
1018    value based on the controller chip.
1019patch
1020    Specifies the early "patch" files to modify the HD-audio setup
1021    before initializing the codecs.
1022    This option is available only when ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER=y``
1023    is set.  See hd-audio/notes.rst for details.
1024beep_mode
1025    Selects the beep registration mode (0=off, 1=on);
1026    default value is set via ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_INPUT_BEEP_MODE`` kconfig.
1027
1028[Single (global) options]
1029
1030single_cmd
1031    Use single immediate commands to communicate with codecs
1032    (for debugging only)
1033enable_msi
1034    Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) (default = off)
1035power_save
1036    Automatic power-saving timeout (in second, 0 = disable)
1037power_save_controller
1038    Reset HD-audio controller in power-saving mode (default = on)
1039align_buffer_size
1040    Force rounding of buffer/period sizes to multiples of 128 bytes.
1041    This is more efficient in terms of memory access but isn't
1042    required by the HDA spec and prevents users from specifying
1043    exact period/buffer sizes. (default = on)
1044snoop
1045    Enable/disable snooping (default = on)
1046
1047This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1048
1049See hd-audio/notes.rst for more details about HD-audio driver.
1050
1051Each codec may have a model table for different configurations.
1052If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal)
1053configuration is set up.  You can pass ``model=<name>`` option to
1054specify a certain model in such a case.  There are different
1055models depending on the codec chip.  The list of available models
1056is found in hd-audio/models.rst.
1057
1058The model name ``generic`` is treated as a special case.  When this
1059model is given, the driver uses the generic codec parser without
1060"codec-patch".  It's sometimes good for testing and debugging.
1061
1062The model option can be used also for aliasing to another PCI or codec
1063SSID.  When it's passed in the form of ``model=XXXX:YYYY`` where XXXX
1064and YYYY are the sub-vendor and sub-device IDs in hex numbers,
1065respectively, the driver will refer to that SSID as a reference to the
1066quirk table.
1067
1068If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above
1069matches with your device, report it together with alsa-info.sh
1070output (with ``--no-upload`` option) to kernel bugzilla or alsa-devel
1071ML (see the section `Links and Addresses`_).
1072
1073``power_save`` and ``power_save_controller`` options are for power-saving
1074mode.  See powersave.rst for details.
1075
1076Note 2: If you get click noises on output, try the module option
1077``position_fix=1`` or ``2``.  ``position_fix=1`` will use the SD_LPIB
1078register value without FIFO size correction as the current
1079DMA pointer.  ``position_fix=2`` will make the driver to use
1080the position buffer instead of reading SD_LPIB register.
1081(Usually SD_LPIB register is more accurate than the
1082position buffer.)
1083
1084``position_fix=3`` is specific to VIA devices.  The position
1085of the capture stream is checked from both LPIB and POSBUF
1086values.  ``position_fix=4`` is a combination mode, using LPIB
1087for playback and POSBUF for capture.
1088
1089NB: If you get many ``azx_get_response timeout`` messages at
1090loading, it's likely a problem of interrupts (e.g. ACPI irq
1091routing).  Try to boot with options like ``pci=noacpi``.  Also, you
1092can try ``single_cmd=1`` module option.  This will switch the
1093communication method between HDA controller and codecs to the
1094single immediate commands instead of CORB/RIRB.  Basically, the
1095single command mode is provided only for BIOS, and you won't get
1096unsolicited events, too.  But, at least, this works independently
1097from the irq.  Remember this is a last resort, and should be
1098avoided as much as possible...
1099
1100MORE NOTES ON ``azx_get_response timeout`` PROBLEMS:
1101On some hardware, you may need to add a proper probe_mask option
1102to avoid the ``azx_get_response timeout`` problem above, instead.
1103This occurs when the access to non-existing or non-working codec slot
1104(likely a modem one) causes a stall of the communication via HD-audio
1105bus.  You can see which codec slots are probed by enabling
1106``CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE``, or simply from the file name of the codec
1107proc files.  Then limit the slots to probe by probe_mask option.
1108For example, ``probe_mask=1`` means to probe only the first slot, and
1109``probe_mask=4`` means only the third slot.
1110
1111The power-management is supported.
1112
1113Module snd-hdsp
1114---------------
1115
1116Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)
1117
1118This module supports multiple cards.
1119
1120Note: The firmware data can be automatically loaded via hotplug
1121when ``CONFIG_FW_LOADER`` is set.  Otherwise, you need to load
1122the firmware via hdsploader utility included in alsa-tools
1123package.
1124The firmware data is found in alsa-firmware package.
1125
1126Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
1127module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
1128when any HDSP cards are found.  To make the buffer
1129allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
1130stage of boot sequence.  See `Early Buffer Allocation`_
1131section.
1132
1133Module snd-hdspm
1134----------------
1135
1136Module for RME HDSP MADI board.
1137
1138precise_ptr
1139    Enable precise pointer, or disable.
1140line_outs_monitor
1141    Send playback streams to analog outs by default.
1142enable_monitor
1143    Enable Analog Out on Channel 63/64 by default.
1144
1145See hdspm.rst for details.
1146
1147Module snd-ice1712
1148------------------
1149
1150Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI sound cards.
1151
1152* MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010
1153* MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT
1154* MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496
1155* MidiMan M Audio Delta 66
1156* MidiMan M Audio Delta 44
1157* MidiMan M Audio Delta 410
1158* MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496
1159* TerraTec EWS 88MT
1160* TerraTec EWS 88D
1161* TerraTec EWX 24/96
1162* TerraTec DMX 6Fire
1163* TerraTec Phase 88
1164* Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24
1165* Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value
1166* Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
1167* Event Electronics, EZ8
1168* Digigram VX442
1169* Lionstracs, Mediastaton
1170* Terrasoniq TS 88
1171
1172model
1173    Use the given board model, one of the following:
1174    delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410,
1175    delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d,
1176    dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8,
1177    phase88, mediastation
1178omni
1179    Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66
1180cs8427_timeout
1181    reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transceiver) in msec
1182    resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec)
1183
1184This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1185Note: The consumer part is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for
1186example in the MidiMan Delta siree).
1187
1188Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
1189SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
1190model by passing ``model`` module option in case that the
1191driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
1192type for testing.
1193
1194Module snd-ice1724
1195------------------
1196
1197Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724), Envy24PT (VT1720) based PCI sound cards.
1198
1199* MidiMan M Audio Revolution 5.1
1200* MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
1201* MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 192
1202* AMP Ltd AUDIO2000
1203* TerraTec Aureon 5.1 Sky
1204* TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Space
1205* TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Universe
1206* TerraTec Phase 22
1207* TerraTec Phase 28
1208* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1
1209* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 LT
1210* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 XT
1211* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HIFI
1212* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HD2
1213* AudioTrak Prodigy 192
1214* Pontis MS300
1215* Albatron K8X800 Pro II
1216* Chaintech ZNF3-150
1217* Chaintech ZNF3-250
1218* Chaintech 9CJS
1219* Chaintech AV-710
1220* Shuttle SN25P
1221* Onkyo SE-90PCI
1222* Onkyo SE-200PCI
1223* ESI Juli@
1224* ESI Maya44
1225* Hercules Fortissimo IV
1226* EGO-SYS WaveTerminal 192M
1227
1228model
1229    Use the given board model, one of the following:
1230    revo51, revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy71lt,
1231    prodigy71xt, prodigy71hifi, prodigyhd2, prodigy192,
1232    juli, aureon51, aureon71, universe, ap192, k8x800,
1233    phase22, phase28, ms300, av710, se200pci, se90pci,
1234    fortissimo4, sn25p, WT192M, maya44
1235
1236This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1237
1238Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
1239SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
1240model by passing ``model`` module option in case that the
1241driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
1242type for testing.
1243
1244Module snd-indigo
1245-----------------
1246
1247Module for Echoaudio Indigo
1248
1249This module supports multiple cards.
1250The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1251
1252Module snd-indigodj
1253-------------------
1254
1255Module for Echoaudio Indigo DJ
1256
1257This module supports multiple cards.
1258The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1259
1260Module snd-indigoio
1261-------------------
1262
1263Module for Echoaudio Indigo IO
1264
1265This module supports multiple cards.
1266The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1267
1268Module snd-intel8x0
1269-------------------
1270
1271Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles.
1272
1273* Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7,
1274  6300ESB, ESB2
1275* SiS 7012 (SiS 735)
1276* NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce3, MCP04, CK804 CK8, CK8S, MCP501
1277* AMD AMD768, AMD8111
1278* ALi m5455
1279
1280ac97_clock
1281    AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1282ac97_quirk
1283    AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
1284    See `AC97 Quirk Option`_ section below.
1285buggy_irq
1286    Enable workaround for buggy interrupts on some motherboards
1287    (default yes on nForce chips, otherwise off)
1288buggy_semaphore
1289    Enable workaround for hardware with buggy semaphores (e.g. on some
1290    ASUS laptops) (default off)
1291spdif_aclink
1292    Use S/PDIF over AC-link instead of direct connection from the
1293    controller chip (0 = off, 1 = on, -1 = default)
1294
1295This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1296
1297Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock.
1298if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock
1299explicitly via the module option ``ac97_clock=41194``.
1300
1301Joystick/MIDI ports are not supported by this driver.  If your
1302motherboard has these devices, use the ns558 or snd-mpu401
1303modules, respectively.
1304
1305The power-management is supported.
1306
1307Module snd-intel8x0m
1308--------------------
1309
1310Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems.
1311
1312* Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7
1313* SiS 7013 (SiS 735)
1314* NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce2s, NForce3
1315* AMD AMD8111
1316* ALi m5455
1317
1318ac97_clock
1319    AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1320
1321This module supports one card and autoprobe.
1322
1323Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
1324slot is excluded.
1325
1326The power-management is supported.
1327
1328Module snd-interwave
1329--------------------
1330
1331Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32
1332and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip.
1333
1334joystick_dac
1335    0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1336midi
1337    1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1338pcm_voices
1339    reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1340effect
1341    1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0); requires 8 voices
1342isapnp
1343    ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1344
1345with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1346
1347port
1348    port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1349irq
1350    IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1351dma1
1352    DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1353dma2
1354    DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1355
1356This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1357
1358Module snd-interwave-stb
1359------------------------
1360
1361Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (sound card from STB used by Compaq)
1362and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T
1363circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume.
1364
1365joystick_dac
1366    0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1367midi
1368    1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1369pcm_voices
1370    reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1371effect
1372    1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0); requires 8 voices
1373isapnp
1374    ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1375
1376with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1377
1378port
1379    port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1380port_tc
1381    tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380)
1382irq
1383    IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1384dma1
1385    DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1386dma2
1387    DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1388
1389This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1390
1391Module snd-jazz16
1392-------------------
1393
1394Module for Media Vision Jazz16 chipset. The chipset consists of 3 chips:
1395MVD1216 + MVA416 + MVA514.
1396
1397port
1398    port # for SB DSP chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1399irq
1400    IRQ # for SB DSP chip (3,5,7,9,10,15)
1401dma8
1402    DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
1403dma16
1404    DMA # for SB DSP chip (5,7)
1405mpu_port
1406    MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1407mpu_irq
1408    MPU-401 irq # (2,3,5,7)
1409
1410This module supports multiple cards.
1411
1412Module snd-korg1212
1413-------------------
1414
1415Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card
1416
1417This module supports multiple cards.
1418
1419Module snd-layla20
1420------------------
1421
1422Module for Echoaudio Layla20
1423
1424This module supports multiple cards.
1425The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1426
1427Module snd-layla24
1428------------------
1429
1430Module for Echoaudio Layla24
1431
1432This module supports multiple cards.
1433The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1434
1435Module snd-lola
1436---------------
1437
1438Module for Digigram Lola PCI-e boards
1439
1440This module supports multiple cards.
1441
1442Module snd-lx6464es
1443-------------------
1444
1445Module for Digigram LX6464ES boards
1446
1447This module supports multiple cards.
1448
1449Module snd-maestro3
1450-------------------
1451
1452Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips
1453
1454external_amp
1455    enable external amp (enabled by default)
1456amp_gpio
1457    GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or -1 for default pin (8
1458    for allegro, 1 for others)
1459
1460This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
1461
1462Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware.
1463If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to
1464specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option.
1465For example, a Panasonic notebook might need ``amp_gpio=0x0d``
1466option.
1467
1468The power-management is supported.
1469
1470Module snd-mia
1471---------------
1472
1473Module for Echoaudio Mia
1474
1475This module supports multiple cards.
1476The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1477
1478Module snd-miro
1479---------------
1480
1481Module for Miro soundcards: miroSOUND PCM 1 pro, miroSOUND PCM 12,
1482miroSOUND PCM 20 Radio.
1483
1484port
1485    Port # (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
1486irq
1487    IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
1488dma1
1489    1st dma # (0,1,3)
1490dma2
1491    2nd dma # (0,1)
1492mpu_port
1493    MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1494mpu_irq
1495    MPU-401 irq # (5,7,9,10)
1496fm_port
1497    FM Port # (0x388)
1498wss
1499    enable WSS mode
1500ide
1501    enable onboard ide support
1502
1503Module snd-mixart
1504-----------------
1505
1506Module for Digigram miXart8 sound cards.
1507
1508This module supports multiple cards.
1509Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards.
1510See Documentation/sound/cards/mixart.rst for details.
1511
1512When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1513is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1514Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1515When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1516firmware via mixartloader utility in alsa-tools package.
1517
1518Module snd-mona
1519---------------
1520
1521Module for Echoaudio Mona
1522
1523This module supports multiple cards.
1524The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1525
1526Module snd-mpu401
1527-----------------
1528
1529Module for MPU-401 UART devices.
1530
1531port
1532    port number or -1 (disable)
1533irq
1534    IRQ number or -1 (disable)
1535pnp
1536    PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1537
1538This module supports multiple devices and PnP.
1539
1540Module snd-msnd-classic
1541-----------------------
1542
1543Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Classic, Tahiti or Monterey
1544soundcards.
1545
1546io
1547    Port # for msnd-classic card
1548irq
1549    IRQ # for msnd-classic card
1550mem
1551    Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000, 0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
1552write_ndelay
1553    enable write ndelay (default = 1)
1554calibrate_signal
1555    calibrate signal (default = 0)
1556isapnp
1557    ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1558digital
1559    Digital daughterboard present (default = 0)
1560cfg
1561    Config port (0x250, 0x260 or 0x270) default = PnP
1562reset
1563    Reset all devices
1564mpu_io
1565    MPU401 I/O port
1566mpu_irq
1567    MPU401 irq#
1568ide_io0
1569    IDE port #0
1570ide_io1
1571    IDE port #1
1572ide_irq
1573    IDE irq#
1574joystick_io
1575    Joystick I/O port
1576
1577The driver requires firmware files ``turtlebeach/msndinit.bin`` and
1578``turtlebeach/msndperm.bin`` in the proper firmware directory.
1579
1580See Documentation/sound/cards/multisound.sh for important information
1581about this driver.  Note that it has been discontinued, but the
1582Voyetra Turtle Beach knowledge base entry for it is still available
1583at
1584https://www.turtlebeach.com
1585
1586Module snd-msnd-pinnacle
1587------------------------
1588
1589Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Pinnacle/Fiji soundcards.
1590
1591io
1592    Port # for pinnacle/fiji card
1593irq
1594    IRQ # for pinnalce/fiji card
1595mem
1596    Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000, 0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
1597write_ndelay
1598    enable write ndelay (default = 1)
1599calibrate_signal
1600    calibrate signal (default = 0)
1601isapnp
1602    ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1603
1604The driver requires firmware files ``turtlebeach/pndspini.bin`` and
1605``turtlebeach/pndsperm.bin`` in the proper firmware directory.
1606
1607Module snd-mtpav
1608----------------
1609
1610Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel
1611port).
1612
1613port
1614    I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378)
1615irq
1616    IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7)
1617hwports
1618    number of supported hardware ports, default=8.
1619
1620Module supports only 1 card.  This module has no enable option.
1621
1622Module snd-mts64
1623----------------
1624
1625Module for Ego Systems (ESI) Miditerminal 4140
1626
1627This module supports multiple devices.
1628Requires parport (``CONFIG_PARPORT``).
1629
1630Module snd-nm256
1631----------------
1632
1633Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips
1634
1635playback_bufsize
1636    max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1637capture_bufsize
1638    max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1639force_ac97
1640    0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1641buffer_top
1642    specify buffer top address
1643use_cache
1644    0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1645vaio_hack
1646    alias buffer_top=0x25a800
1647reset_workaround
1648    enable AC97 RESET workaround for some laptops
1649reset_workaround2
1650    enable extended AC97 RESET workaround for some other laptops
1651
1652This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1653
1654The power-management is supported.
1655
1656Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected
1657automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization.
1658In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicitly via
1659the buffer_top option.
1660For example,
1661Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800
1662Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800
1663The driver supports only ac97 codec.  It's possible to force
1664to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected.  In such a
1665case, use ``force_ac97=1`` option - but *NO* guarantee whether it
1666works!
1667
1668Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97
1669codecs.  This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work
1670with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips,
1671even though the device is detected in lspci.  In such a case, try
1672other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2.  Some has ISA-PnP
1673but some doesn't have ISA PnP.  You'll need to specify ``isapnp=0``
1674and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP.
1675
1676Note: some laptops need a workaround for AC97 RESET.  For the
1677known hardware like Dell Latitude LS and Sony PCG-F305, this
1678workaround is enabled automatically.  For other laptops with a
1679hard freeze, you can try ``reset_workaround=1`` option.
1680
1681Note: Dell Latitude CSx laptops have another problem regarding
1682AC97 RESET.  On these laptops, reset_workaround2 option is
1683turned on as default.  This option is worth to try if the
1684previous reset_workaround option doesn't help.
1685
1686Note: This driver is really crappy.  It's a porting from the
1687OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering.
1688The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after*
1689X-server as described above.  You might be able to force to load
1690the module, but it may result in hang-up.   Hence, make sure that
1691you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of
1692problem.
1693
1694Module snd-opl3sa2
1695------------------
1696
1697Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 sound cards.
1698
1699isapnp
1700    ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1701
1702with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1703
1704port
1705    control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370)
1706sb_port
1707    SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240)
1708wss_port
1709    WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1710midi_port
1711    port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1712fm_port
1713    FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable
1714irq
1715    IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10)
1716dma1
1717    first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3)
1718dma2
1719    second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
1720
1721This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.  It does not support
1722autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!!
1723
1724The power-management is supported.
1725
1726Module snd-opti92x-ad1848
1727-------------------------
1728
1729Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips.
1730Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well.
1731
1732isapnp
1733    ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1734
1735with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1736
1737port
1738    port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1739mpu_port
1740    port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1741fm_port
1742    port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1743irq
1744    IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1745mpu_irq
1746    IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1747dma1
1748    first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1749
1750This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1751
1752Module snd-opti92x-cs4231
1753-------------------------
1754
1755Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips.
1756
1757isapnp
1758    ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1759
1760with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1761
1762port
1763    port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1764mpu_port
1765    port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1766fm_port
1767    port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1768irq
1769    IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1770mpu_irq
1771    IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1772dma1
1773    first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1774dma2
1775    second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1776
1777This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1778
1779Module snd-opti93x
1780------------------
1781
1782Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c93x chips.
1783
1784isapnp
1785    ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1786
1787with ``isapnp=0``, the following options are available:
1788
1789port
1790    port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1791mpu_port
1792    port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1793fm_port
1794    port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1795irq
1796    IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1797mpu_irq
1798    IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1799dma1
1800    first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1801dma2
1802    second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1803
1804This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1805
1806Module snd-oxygen
1807-----------------
1808
1809Module for sound cards based on the C-Media CMI8786/8787/8788 chip:
1810
1811* Asound A-8788
1812* Asus Xonar DG/DGX
1813* AuzenTech X-Meridian
1814* AuzenTech X-Meridian 2G
1815* Bgears b-Enspirer
1816* Club3D Theatron DTS
1817* HT-Omega Claro (plus)
1818* HT-Omega Claro halo (XT)
1819* Kuroutoshikou CMI8787-HG2PCI
1820* Razer Barracuda AC-1
1821* Sondigo Inferno
1822* TempoTec HiFier Fantasia
1823* TempoTec HiFier Serenade
1824
1825This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
1826
1827Module snd-pcsp
1828---------------
1829
1830Module for internal PC-Speaker.
1831
1832nopcm
1833    Disable PC-Speaker PCM sound. Only beeps remain.
1834nforce_wa
1835    enable NForce chipset workaround. Expect bad sound.
1836
1837This module supports system beeps, some kind of PCM playback and
1838even a few mixer controls.
1839
1840Module snd-pcxhr
1841----------------
1842
1843Module for Digigram PCXHR boards
1844
1845This module supports multiple cards.
1846
1847Module snd-portman2x4
1848---------------------
1849
1850Module for Midiman Portman 2x4 parallel port MIDI interface
1851
1852This module supports multiple cards.
1853
1854Module snd-powermac (on ppc only)
1855---------------------------------
1856
1857Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips
1858
1859enable_beep
1860    enable beep using PCM (enabled as default)
1861
1862Module supports autoprobe a chip.
1863
1864Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianness.
1865
1866The power-management is supported.
1867
1868Module snd-pxa2xx-ac97 (on arm only)
1869------------------------------------
1870
1871Module for AC97 driver for the Intel PXA2xx chip
1872
1873For ARM architecture only.
1874
1875The power-management is supported.
1876
1877Module snd-riptide
1878------------------
1879
1880Module for Conexant Riptide chip
1881
1882joystick_port
1883    Joystick port # (default: 0x200)
1884mpu_port
1885    MPU401 port # (default: 0x330)
1886opl3_port
1887    OPL3 port # (default: 0x388)
1888
1889This module supports multiple cards.
1890The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1891You need to install the firmware file ``riptide.hex`` to the standard
1892firmware path (e.g. /lib/firmware).
1893
1894Module snd-rme32
1895----------------
1896
1897Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32,
1898Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) sound cards.
1899
1900This module supports multiple cards.
1901
1902Module snd-rme96
1903----------------
1904
1905Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound cards.
1906
1907This module supports multiple cards.
1908
1909Module snd-rme9652
1910------------------
1911
1912Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) sound cards.
1913
1914precise_ptr
1915    Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably). (default = 0)
1916
1917This module supports multiple cards.
1918
1919Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
1920module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
1921when any RME9652 cards are found.  To make the buffer
1922allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
1923stage of boot sequence.  See `Early Buffer Allocation`_
1924section.
1925
1926Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only)
1927---------------------------------------
1928
1929Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card.
1930
1931Module supports only one card.
1932Module has no enable and index options.
1933
1934The power-management is supported.
1935
1936Module snd-sb8
1937--------------
1938
1939Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0, SoundBlaster 2.0,
1940SoundBlaster Pro
1941
1942port
1943    port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1944irq
1945    IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10)
1946dma8
1947    DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
1948
1949This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1950
1951The power-management is supported.
1952
1953Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe
1954-----------------------------
1955
1956Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP),
1957SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP), SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP
1958
1959mic_agc
1960    Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1961csp
1962    ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
1963isapnp
1964    ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1965
1966with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1967
1968port
1969    port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1970mpu_port
1971    port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1972awe_port
1973    base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660) (snd-sbawe
1974    module only)
1975irq
1976    IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10)
1977dma8
1978    8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3)
1979dma16
1980    16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7)
1981
1982This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1983
1984Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must
1985disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter.
1986Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit
1987half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their
198816-bit DMA channel.
1989
1990The power-management is supported.
1991
1992Module snd-sc6000
1993-----------------
1994
1995Module for Gallant SC-6000 soundcard and later models: SC-6600 and
1996SC-7000.
1997
1998port
1999    Port # (0x220 or 0x240)
2000mss_port
2001    MSS Port # (0x530 or 0xe80)
2002irq
2003    IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
2004mpu_irq
2005    MPU-401 IRQ # (5,7,9,10) ,0 - no MPU-401 irq
2006dma
2007    DMA # (1,3,0)
2008joystick
2009    Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
2010
2011This module supports multiple cards.
2012
2013This card is also known as Audio Excel DSP 16 or Zoltrix AV302.
2014
2015Module snd-sscape
2016-----------------
2017
2018Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape cards.
2019
2020port
2021    Port # (PnP setup)
2022wss_port
2023    WSS Port # (PnP setup)
2024irq
2025    IRQ # (PnP setup)
2026mpu_irq
2027    MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup)
2028dma
2029    DMA # (PnP setup)
2030dma2
2031    2nd DMA # (PnP setup, -1 to disable)
2032joystick
2033    Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
2034
2035This module supports multiple cards.
2036
2037The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
2038
2039Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only)
2040--------------------------------------
2041
2042Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.
2043
2044This module supports multiple cards.
2045
2046Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only)
2047-------------------------------------
2048
2049Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.
2050
2051This module supports multiple cards.
2052
2053Module snd-sun-dbri (on sparc only)
2054-----------------------------------
2055
2056Module for DBRI sound chips found on Sparcs.
2057
2058This module supports multiple cards.
2059
2060Module snd-wavefront
2061--------------------
2062
2063Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ sound cards.
2064
2065use_cs4232_midi
2066    Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface
2067    (inaccessibly located inside your computer)
2068isapnp
2069    ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
2070
2071with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
2072
2073cs4232_pcm_port
2074    Port # for CS4232 PCM interface.
2075cs4232_pcm_irq
2076    IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15).
2077cs4232_mpu_port
2078    Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface.
2079cs4232_mpu_irq
2080    IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15).
2081ics2115_port
2082    Port # for ICS2115
2083ics2115_irq
2084    IRQ # for ICS2115
2085fm_port
2086    FM OPL-3 Port #
2087dma1
2088    DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
2089dma2
2090    DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
2091
2092The below are options for wavefront_synth features:
2093
2094wf_raw
2095    Assume that we need to boot the OS (default:no);
2096    If yes, then during driver loading, the state of the board is
2097    ignored, and we reset the board and load the firmware anyway.
2098fx_raw
2099    Assume that the FX process needs help (default:yes);
2100    If false, we'll leave the FX processor in whatever state it is
2101    when the driver is loaded.  The default is to download the
2102    microprogram and associated coefficients to set it up for
2103    "default" operation, whatever that means.
2104debug_default
2105    Debug parameters for card initialization
2106wait_usecs
2107    How long to wait without sleeping, usecs (default:150);
2108    This magic number seems to give pretty optimal throughput
2109    based on my limited experimentation.
2110    If you want to play around with it and find a better value, be
2111    my guest. Remember, the idea is to get a number that causes us
2112    to just busy wait for as many WaveFront commands as possible,
2113    without coming up with a number so large that we hog the whole
2114    CPU.
2115    Specifically, with this number, out of about 134,000 status
2116    waits, only about 250 result in a sleep.
2117sleep_interval
2118    How long to sleep when waiting for reply (default: 100)
2119sleep_tries
2120    How many times to try sleeping during a wait (default: 50)
2121ospath
2122    Pathname to processed ICS2115 OS firmware (default:wavefront.os);
2123    The path name of the ISC2115 OS firmware.  In the recent
2124    version, it's handled via firmware loader framework, so it
2125    must be installed in the proper path, typically,
2126    /lib/firmware.
2127reset_time
2128    How long to wait for a reset to take effect (default:2)
2129ramcheck_time
2130    How many seconds to wait for the RAM test (default:20)
2131osrun_time
2132    How many seconds to wait for the ICS2115 OS (default:10)
2133
2134This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.
2135
2136Note: the firmware file ``wavefront.os`` was located in the earlier
2137version in /etc.  Now it's loaded via firmware loader, and
2138must be in the proper firmware path, such as /lib/firmware.
2139Copy (or symlink) the file appropriately if you get an error
2140regarding firmware downloading after upgrading the kernel.
2141
2142Module snd-sonicvibes
2143---------------------
2144
2145Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI sound cards.
2146* PINE Schubert 32 PCI
2147
2148reverb
2149    Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default);
2150    SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this.
2151mge
2152    Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
2153
2154This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
2155
2156Module snd-serial-u16550
2157------------------------
2158
2159Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports.
2160
2161port
2162    port # for UART16550A chip
2163irq
2164    IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode
2165speed
2166    speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200)
2167    38400 = default
2168base
2169    base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800)
2170    115200 = default
2171outs
2172    number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4)
2173    1 = default
2174adaptor
2175    Type of adaptor.
2176	0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A,
2177	3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic
2178
2179This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
2180thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional.
2181
2182Module snd-trident
2183------------------
2184
2185Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound cards.
2186* Best Union  Miss Melody 4DWave PCI
2187* HIS  4DWave PCI
2188* Warpspeed  ONSpeed 4DWave PCI
2189* AzTech  PCI 64-Q3D
2190* Addonics  SV 750
2191* CHIC  True Sound 4Dwave
2192* Shark  Predator4D-PCI
2193* Jaton  SonicWave 4D
2194* SiS SI7018 PCI Audio
2195* Hoontech SoundTrack Digital 4DWave NX
2196
2197pcm_channels
2198    max channels (voices) reserved for PCM
2199wavetable_size
2200    max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb)
2201
2202This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
2203
2204The power-management is supported.
2205
2206Module snd-ua101
2207----------------
2208
2209Module for the Edirol UA-101/UA-1000 audio/MIDI interfaces.
2210
2211This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
2212
2213Module snd-usb-audio
2214--------------------
2215
2216Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices.
2217
2218vid
2219    Vendor ID for the device (optional)
2220pid
2221    Product ID for the device (optional)
2222nrpacks
2223    Max. number of packets per URB (default: 8)
2224device_setup
2225    Device specific magic number (optional);
2226    Influence depends on the device
2227    Default: 0x0000
2228ignore_ctl_error
2229    Ignore any USB-controller regarding mixer interface (default: no)
2230autoclock
2231    Enable auto-clock selection for UAC2 devices (default: yes)
2232quirk_alias
2233    Quirk alias list, pass strings like ``0123abcd:5678beef``, which
2234    applies the existing quirk for the device 5678:beef to a new
2235    device 0123:abcd.
2236implicit_fb
2237    Apply the generic implicit feedback sync mode.  When this is set
2238    and the playback stream sync mode is ASYNC, the driver tries to
2239    tie an adjacent ASYNC capture stream as the implicit feedback
2240    source.
2241use_vmalloc
2242    Use vmalloc() for allocations of the PCM buffers (default: yes).
2243    For architectures with non-coherent memory like ARM or MIPS, the
2244    mmap access may give inconsistent results with vmalloc'ed
2245    buffers.  If mmap is used on such architectures, turn off this
2246    option, so that the DMA-coherent buffers are allocated and used
2247    instead.
2248delayed_register
2249    The option is needed for devices that have multiple streams
2250    defined in multiple USB interfaces.  The driver may invoke
2251    registrations multiple times (once per interface) and this may
2252    lead to the insufficient device enumeration.
2253    This option receives an array of strings, and you can pass
2254    ID:INTERFACE like ``0123abcd:4`` for performing the delayed
2255    registration to the given device.  In this example, when a USB
2256    device 0123:abcd is probed, the driver waits the registration
2257    until the USB interface 4 gets probed.
2258    The driver prints a message like "Found post-registration device
2259    assignment: 1234abcd:04" for such a device, so that user can
2260    notice the need.
2261quirk_flags
2262    Contains the bit flags for various device specific workarounds.
2263    Applied to the corresponding card index.
2264
2265        * bit 0: Skip reading sample rate for devices
2266        * bit 1: Create Media Controller API entries
2267        * bit 2: Allow alignment on audio sub-slot at transfer
2268        * bit 3: Add length specifier to transfers
2269        * bit 4: Start playback stream at first in implement feedback mode
2270        * bit 5: Skip clock selector setup
2271        * bit 6: Ignore errors from clock source search
2272        * bit 7: Indicates ITF-USB DSD based DACs
2273        * bit 8: Add a delay of 20ms at each control message handling
2274        * bit 9: Add a delay of 1-2ms at each control message handling
2275        * bit 10: Add a delay of 5-6ms at each control message handling
2276        * bit 11: Add a delay of 50ms at each interface setup
2277        * bit 12: Perform sample rate validations at probe
2278        * bit 13: Disable runtime PM autosuspend
2279        * bit 14: Ignore errors for mixer access
2280        * bit 15: Support generic DSD raw U32_BE format
2281        * bit 16: Set up the interface at first like UAC1
2282
2283This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
2284
2285NB: ``nrpacks`` parameter can be modified dynamically via sysfs.
2286Don't put the value over 20.  Changing via sysfs has no sanity
2287check.
2288
2289NB: ``ignore_ctl_error=1`` may help when you get an error at accessing
2290the mixer element such as URB error -22.  This happens on some
2291buggy USB device or the controller.  This workaround corresponds to
2292the ``quirk_flags`` bit 14, too.
2293
2294NB: ``quirk_alias`` option is provided only for testing / development.
2295If you want to have a proper support, contact to upstream for
2296adding the matching quirk in the driver code statically.
2297Ditto for ``quirk_flags``.  If a device is known to require specific
2298workarounds, please report to the upstream.
2299
2300Module snd-usb-caiaq
2301--------------------
2302
2303Module for caiaq UB audio interfaces,
2304
2305* Native Instruments RigKontrol2
2306* Native Instruments Kore Controller
2307* Native Instruments Audio Kontrol 1
2308* Native Instruments Audio 8 DJ
2309
2310This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
2311
2312Module snd-usb-usx2y
2313--------------------
2314
2315Module for Tascam USB US-122, US-224 and US-428 devices.
2316
2317This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
2318
2319Note: you need to load the firmware via ``usx2yloader`` utility included
2320in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages.
2321
2322Module snd-via82xx
2323------------------
2324
2325Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233, 8233A,
23268233C, 8235, 8237 (south) bridge.
2327
2328mpu_port
2329    0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup
2330    [VIA686A/686B only]
2331joystick
2332    Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only]
2333ac97_clock
2334    AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
2335dxs_support
2336    support DXS channels, 0 = auto (default), 1 = enable, 2 = disable,
2337    3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA, 5 = enable any sample rate and different
2338    sample rates on different channels [VIA8233/C, 8235, 8237 only]
2339ac97_quirk
2340    AC'97 workaround for strange hardware;
2341    See `AC97 Quirk Option`_ section below.
2342
2343This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
2344
2345Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might
2346not be generated properly.  In such a case, please try to
2347set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of
2348default value 1.4.  Then the interrupt number will be
2349assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS.
2350
2351Note: VIA8233/5/7 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound)
2352channels as the first PCM.  On these channels, up to 4
2353streams can be played at the same time, and the controller
2354can perform sample rate conversion with separate rates for
2355each channel.
2356As default (``dxs_support = 0``), 48k fixed rate is chosen
2357except for the known devices since the output is often
2358noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the
2359bug of BIOS.
2360Please try once ``dxs_support=5`` and if it works on other
2361sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us
2362know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of
2363``lspci -nv``).
2364If ``dxs_support=5`` does not work, try ``dxs_support=4``; if it
2365doesn't work too, try dxs_support=1.  (dxs_support=1 is
2366usually for old motherboards.  The correct implemented
2367board should work with 4 or 5.)  If it still doesn't
2368work and the default setting is ok, ``dxs_support=3`` is the
2369right choice.  If the default setting doesn't work at all,
2370try ``dxs_support=2`` to disable the DXS channels.
2371In any cases, please let us know the result and the
2372subsystem vendor/device ids.  See `Links and Addresses`_
2373below.
2374
2375Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver
2376additionally.  The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only.
2377
2378The power-management is supported.
2379
2380Module snd-via82xx-modem
2381------------------------
2382
2383Module for VIA82xx AC97 modem
2384
2385ac97_clock
2386    AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
2387
2388This module supports one card and autoprobe.
2389
2390Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
2391slot is excluded.
2392
2393The power-management is supported.
2394
2395Module snd-virmidi
2396------------------
2397
2398Module for virtual rawmidi devices.
2399This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate
2400to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports.
2401
2402midi_devs
2403    MIDI devices # (1-4, default=4)
2404
2405This module supports multiple cards.
2406
2407Module snd-virtuoso
2408-------------------
2409
2410Module for sound cards based on the Asus AV66/AV100/AV200 chips,
2411i.e., Xonar D1, DX, D2, D2X, DS, DSX, Essence ST (Deluxe),
2412Essence STX (II), HDAV1.3 (Deluxe), and HDAV1.3 Slim.
2413
2414This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
2415
2416Module snd-vx222
2417----------------
2418
2419Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards.
2420
2421mic
2422    Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI)
2423ibl
2424    Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
2425
2426This module supports multiple cards.
2427
2428When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
2429is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
2430Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
2431When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
2432firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.  To invoke
2433vxloader automatically, add the following to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
2434
2435::
2436
2437  install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222\
2438    && /usr/bin/vxloader
2439
2440(for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add ``post-install /usr/bin/vxloader`` to
2441/etc/modules.conf, instead.)
2442IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM.  The smaller size
2443gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too.
2444The size is usually aligned to 126.  As default (=0), the smallest
2445size is chosen.  The possible IBL values can be found in
2446/proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file.
2447
2448The power-management is supported.
2449
2450Module snd-vxpocket
2451-------------------
2452
2453Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 and 440 PCMCIA cards.
2454
2455ibl
2456    Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
2457
2458This module supports multiple cards.  The module is compiled only when
2459PCMCIA is supported on kernel.
2460
2461With the older 2.6.x kernel, to activate the driver via the card
2462manager, you'll need to set up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf.  See the
2463sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c.  2.6.13 or later kernel requires no
2464longer require a config file.
2465
2466When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
2467is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
2468Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
2469When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
2470firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.
2471
2472About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.
2473
2474Note: snd-vxp440 driver is merged to snd-vxpocket driver since
2475ALSA 1.0.10.
2476
2477The power-management is supported.
2478
2479Module snd-ymfpci
2480-----------------
2481
2482Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x).
2483
2484mpu_port
2485    0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default,
2486    1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
2487fm_port
2488    0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default
2489    1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
2490joystick_port
2491    0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default,
2492    1 (auto-detect)
2493rear_switch
2494    enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool)
2495
2496This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
2497
2498The power-management is supported.
2499
2500Module snd-pdaudiocf
2501--------------------
2502
2503Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card.
2504
2505The power-management is supported.
2506
2507
2508AC97 Quirk Option
2509=================
2510
2511The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround for
2512specific devices on drivers for on-board AC'97 controllers like
2513snd-intel8x0.  Some hardware have swapped output pins between Master
2514and Headphone, or Surround (thanks to confusion of AC'97
2515specifications from version to version :-)
2516
2517The driver provides the auto-detection of known problematic devices,
2518but some might be unknown or wrongly detected.  In such a case, pass
2519the proper value with this option.
2520
2521The following strings are accepted:
2522
2523default
2524    Don't override the default setting
2525none
2526    Disable the quirk
2527hp_only
2528    Bind Master and Headphone controls as a single control
2529swap_hp
2530    Swap headphone and master controls
2531swap_surround
2532    Swap master and surround controls
2533ad_sharing
2534    For AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone
2535alc_jack
2536    For ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode
2537inv_eapd
2538    Inverted EAPD implementation
2539mute_led
2540    Bind EAPD bit for turning on/off mute LED
2541
2542For backward compatibility, the corresponding integer value -1, 0, ...
2543are  accepted, too.
2544
2545For example, if ``Master`` volume control has no effect on your device
2546but only ``Headphone`` does, pass ac97_quirk=hp_only module option.
2547
2548
2549Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards
2550============================
2551
2552When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules
2553supporting the isapnp cards will have module options ``isapnp``.
2554If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed.
2555For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass ``isapnp=0`` option
2556together with the proper i/o and irq configuration.
2557
2558When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option
2559will be not built in.
2560
2561
2562Module Autoloading Support
2563==========================
2564
2565The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining
2566module aliases.  The string ``snd-card-%1`` is requested for ALSA native
2567devices where ``%i`` is sound card number from zero to seven.
2568
2569To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string
2570``sound-slot-%i`` where ``%i`` means the slot number for OSS, which
2571corresponds to the card index of ALSA.  Usually, define this
2572as the same card module.
2573
2574An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below:
2575::
2576
2577    ----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
2578    alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1
2579    alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1
2580    ----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
2581
2582The available number of auto-loaded sound cards depends on the module
2583option ``cards_limit`` of snd module.  As default it's set to 1.
2584To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of
2585sound cards in that option.
2586
2587When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index
2588number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of
2589cards is kept consistent.
2590
2591An example configuration for two sound cards is like below:
2592::
2593
2594    ----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
2595    # ALSA portion
2596    options snd cards_limit=2
2597    alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave
2598    alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371
2599    options snd-interwave index=0
2600    options snd-ens1371 index=1
2601    # OSS/Free portion
2602    alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave
2603    alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371
2604    ----- /etc/modprobe.d/alsa.conf
2605
2606In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card
2607(index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1).
2608
2609Alternative (and new) way to fixate the slot assignment is to use
2610``slots`` option of snd module.  In the case above, specify like the
2611following:
2612::
2613
2614    options snd slots=snd-interwave,snd-ens1371
2615
2616Then, the first slot (#0) is reserved for snd-interwave driver, and
2617the second (#1) for snd-ens1371.  You can omit index option in each
2618driver if slots option is used (although you can still have them at
2619the same time as long as they don't conflict).
2620
2621The slots option is especially useful for avoiding the possible
2622hot-plugging and the resultant slot conflict.  For example, in the
2623case above again, the first two slots are already reserved.  If any
2624other driver (e.g. snd-usb-audio) is loaded before snd-interwave or
2625snd-ens1371, it will be assigned to the third or later slot.
2626
2627When a module name is given with '!', the slot will be given for any
2628modules but that name.  For example, ``slots=!snd-pcsp`` will reserve
2629the first slot for any modules but snd-pcsp.
2630
2631
2632ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping
2633=======================================
2634::
2635
2636    /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4
2637    /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp)     -> minor 3
2638    /dev/snd/pcmC0D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp)   -> minor 12
2639    /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio1              -> minor 4+16 = 20
2640    /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp1                -> minor 3+16 = 19
2641    /dev/snd/pcmC1D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp1               -> minor 12+16 = 28
2642    /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio2              -> minor 4+32 = 36
2643    /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp2                -> minor 3+32 = 39
2644    /dev/snd/pcmC2D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp2               -> minor 12+32 = 44
2645
2646The first number from ``/dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p]`` expression means
2647sound card number and second means device number.  The ALSA devices
2648have either ``c`` or ``p`` suffix indicating the direction, capture and
2649playback, respectively.
2650
2651Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module
2652options of snd-pcm-oss module.
2653
2654
2655Proc interfaces (/proc/asound)
2656==============================
2657
2658/proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss
2659-------------------------------
2660erase
2661    erase all additional information about OSS applications
2662
2663<app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]
2664    <app_name>
2665	name of application with (higher priority) or without path
2666    <fragments>
2667	 number of fragments or zero if auto
2668    <fragment_size>
2669	 size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto
2670    <options>
2671	optional parameters
2672
2673	disable
2674	    the application tries to open a pcm device for
2675	    this channel but does not want to use it.
2676	    (Cause a bug or mmap needs)
2677	    It's good for Quake etc...
2678	direct
2679	    don't use plugins
2680	block
2681	     force block mode (rvplayer)
2682	non-block
2683	    force non-block mode
2684	whole-frag
2685	    write only whole fragments (optimization affecting
2686	    playback only)
2687	no-silence
2688	    do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks
2689	buggy-ptr
2690	    Returns the whitespace blocks in GETOPTR ioctl
2691	    instead of filled blocks
2692
2693Example:
2694::
2695
2696    echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
2697    echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss
2698    echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
2699
2700
2701Early Buffer Allocation
2702=======================
2703
2704Some drivers (e.g. hdsp) require the large contiguous buffers, and
2705sometimes it's too late to find such spaces when the driver module is
2706actually loaded due to memory fragmentation.  You can pre-allocate the
2707PCM buffers by loading snd-page-alloc module and write commands to its
2708proc file in prior, for example, in the early boot stage like
2709``/etc/init.d/*.local`` scripts.
2710
2711Reading the proc file /proc/drivers/snd-page-alloc shows the current
2712usage of page allocation.  In writing, you can send the following
2713commands to the snd-page-alloc driver:
2714
2715* add VENDOR DEVICE MASK SIZE BUFFERS
2716
2717VENDOR and DEVICE are PCI vendor and device IDs.  They take
2718integer numbers (0x prefix is needed for the hex).
2719MASK is the PCI DMA mask.  Pass 0 if not restricted.
2720SIZE is the size of each buffer to allocate.  You can pass
2721k and m suffix for KB and MB.  The max number is 16MB.
2722BUFFERS is the number of buffers to allocate.  It must be greater
2723than 0.  The max number is 4.
2724
2725* erase
2726
2727This will erase the all pre-allocated buffers which are not in
2728use.
2729
2730
2731Links and Addresses
2732===================
2733
2734ALSA project homepage
2735    http://www.alsa-project.org
2736Kernel Bugzilla
2737    http://bugzilla.kernel.org/
2738ALSA Developers ML
2739    mailto:alsa-devel@alsa-project.org
2740alsa-info.sh script
2741    https://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh
2742