1.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2
3RISC-V Hardware Probing Interface
4---------------------------------
5
6The RISC-V hardware probing interface is based around a single syscall, which
7is defined in <asm/hwprobe.h>::
8
9    struct riscv_hwprobe {
10        __s64 key;
11        __u64 value;
12    };
13
14    long sys_riscv_hwprobe(struct riscv_hwprobe *pairs, size_t pair_count,
15                           size_t cpu_count, cpu_set_t *cpus,
16                           unsigned int flags);
17
18The arguments are split into three groups: an array of key-value pairs, a CPU
19set, and some flags. The key-value pairs are supplied with a count. Userspace
20must prepopulate the key field for each element, and the kernel will fill in the
21value if the key is recognized. If a key is unknown to the kernel, its key field
22will be cleared to -1, and its value set to 0. The CPU set is defined by
23CPU_SET(3). For value-like keys (eg. vendor/arch/impl), the returned value will
24be only be valid if all CPUs in the given set have the same value. Otherwise -1
25will be returned. For boolean-like keys, the value returned will be a logical
26AND of the values for the specified CPUs. Usermode can supply NULL for cpus and
270 for cpu_count as a shortcut for all online CPUs. There are currently no flags,
28this value must be zero for future compatibility.
29
30On success 0 is returned, on failure a negative error code is returned.
31
32The following keys are defined:
33
34* :c:macro:`RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_MVENDORID`: Contains the value of ``mvendorid``,
35  as defined by the RISC-V privileged architecture specification.
36
37* :c:macro:`RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_MARCHID`: Contains the value of ``marchid``, as
38  defined by the RISC-V privileged architecture specification.
39
40* :c:macro:`RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_MIMPLID`: Contains the value of ``mimplid``, as
41  defined by the RISC-V privileged architecture specification.
42
43* :c:macro:`RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_BASE_BEHAVIOR`: A bitmask containing the base
44  user-visible behavior that this kernel supports.  The following base user ABIs
45  are defined:
46
47  * :c:macro:`RISCV_HWPROBE_BASE_BEHAVIOR_IMA`: Support for rv32ima or
48    rv64ima, as defined by version 2.2 of the user ISA and version 1.10 of the
49    privileged ISA, with the following known exceptions (more exceptions may be
50    added, but only if it can be demonstrated that the user ABI is not broken):
51
52    * The :fence.i: instruction cannot be directly executed by userspace
53      programs (it may still be executed in userspace via a
54      kernel-controlled mechanism such as the vDSO).
55
56* :c:macro:`RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_IMA_EXT_0`: A bitmask containing the extensions
57  that are compatible with the :c:macro:`RISCV_HWPROBE_BASE_BEHAVIOR_IMA`:
58  base system behavior.
59
60  * :c:macro:`RISCV_HWPROBE_IMA_FD`: The F and D extensions are supported, as
61    defined by commit cd20cee ("FMIN/FMAX now implement
62    minimumNumber/maximumNumber, not minNum/maxNum") of the RISC-V ISA manual.
63
64  * :c:macro:`RISCV_HWPROBE_IMA_C`: The C extension is supported, as defined
65    by version 2.2 of the RISC-V ISA manual.
66
67* :c:macro:`RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_CPUPERF_0`: A bitmask that contains performance
68  information about the selected set of processors.
69
70  * :c:macro:`RISCV_HWPROBE_MISALIGNED_UNKNOWN`: The performance of misaligned
71    accesses is unknown.
72
73  * :c:macro:`RISCV_HWPROBE_MISALIGNED_EMULATED`: Misaligned accesses are
74    emulated via software, either in or below the kernel.  These accesses are
75    always extremely slow.
76
77  * :c:macro:`RISCV_HWPROBE_MISALIGNED_SLOW`: Misaligned accesses are supported
78    in hardware, but are slower than the cooresponding aligned accesses
79    sequences.
80
81  * :c:macro:`RISCV_HWPROBE_MISALIGNED_FAST`: Misaligned accesses are supported
82    in hardware and are faster than the cooresponding aligned accesses
83    sequences.
84
85  * :c:macro:`RISCV_HWPROBE_MISALIGNED_UNSUPPORTED`: Misaligned accesses are
86    not supported at all and will generate a misaligned address fault.
87