1======
2Kbuild
3======
4
5
6Output files
7============
8
9modules.order
10-------------
11This file records the order in which modules appear in Makefiles. This
12is used by modprobe to deterministically resolve aliases that match
13multiple modules.
14
15modules.builtin
16---------------
17This file lists all modules that are built into the kernel. This is used
18by modprobe to not fail when trying to load something builtin.
19
20modules.builtin.modinfo
21-----------------------
22This file contains modinfo from all modules that are built into the kernel.
23Unlike modinfo of a separate module, all fields are prefixed with module name.
24
25
26Environment variables
27=====================
28
29KCPPFLAGS
30---------
31Additional options to pass when preprocessing. The preprocessing options
32will be used in all cases where kbuild does preprocessing including
33building C files and assembler files.
34
35KAFLAGS
36-------
37Additional options to the assembler (for built-in and modules).
38
39AFLAGS_MODULE
40-------------
41Additional assembler options for modules.
42
43AFLAGS_KERNEL
44-------------
45Additional assembler options for built-in.
46
47KCFLAGS
48-------
49Additional options to the C compiler (for built-in and modules).
50
51KRUSTFLAGS
52----------
53Additional options to the Rust compiler (for built-in and modules).
54
55CFLAGS_KERNEL
56-------------
57Additional options for $(CC) when used to compile
58code that is compiled as built-in.
59
60CFLAGS_MODULE
61-------------
62Additional module specific options to use for $(CC).
63
64RUSTFLAGS_KERNEL
65----------------
66Additional options for $(RUSTC) when used to compile
67code that is compiled as built-in.
68
69RUSTFLAGS_MODULE
70----------------
71Additional module specific options to use for $(RUSTC).
72
73LDFLAGS_MODULE
74--------------
75Additional options used for $(LD) when linking modules.
76
77HOSTCFLAGS
78----------
79Additional flags to be passed to $(HOSTCC) when building host programs.
80
81HOSTCXXFLAGS
82------------
83Additional flags to be passed to $(HOSTCXX) when building host programs.
84
85HOSTRUSTFLAGS
86-------------
87Additional flags to be passed to $(HOSTRUSTC) when building host programs.
88
89HOSTLDFLAGS
90-----------
91Additional flags to be passed when linking host programs.
92
93HOSTLDLIBS
94----------
95Additional libraries to link against when building host programs.
96
97.. _userkbuildflags:
98
99USERCFLAGS
100----------
101Additional options used for $(CC) when compiling userprogs.
102
103USERLDFLAGS
104-----------
105Additional options used for $(LD) when linking userprogs. userprogs are linked
106with CC, so $(USERLDFLAGS) should include "-Wl," prefix as applicable.
107
108KBUILD_KCONFIG
109--------------
110Set the top-level Kconfig file to the value of this environment
111variable.  The default name is "Kconfig".
112
113KBUILD_VERBOSE
114--------------
115Set the kbuild verbosity. Can be assigned same values as "V=...".
116
117See make help for the full list.
118
119Setting "V=..." takes precedence over KBUILD_VERBOSE.
120
121KBUILD_EXTMOD
122-------------
123Set the directory to look for the kernel source when building external
124modules.
125
126Setting "M=..." takes precedence over KBUILD_EXTMOD.
127
128KBUILD_OUTPUT
129-------------
130Specify the output directory when building the kernel.
131
132The output directory can also be specified using "O=...".
133
134Setting "O=..." takes precedence over KBUILD_OUTPUT.
135
136KBUILD_EXTRA_WARN
137-----------------
138Specify the extra build checks. The same value can be assigned by passing
139W=... from the command line.
140
141See `make help` for the list of the supported values.
142
143Setting "W=..." takes precedence over KBUILD_EXTRA_WARN.
144
145KBUILD_DEBARCH
146--------------
147For the deb-pkg target, allows overriding the normal heuristics deployed by
148deb-pkg. Normally deb-pkg attempts to guess the right architecture based on
149the UTS_MACHINE variable, and on some architectures also the kernel config.
150The value of KBUILD_DEBARCH is assumed (not checked) to be a valid Debian
151architecture.
152
153ARCH
154----
155Set ARCH to the architecture to be built.
156
157In most cases the name of the architecture is the same as the
158directory name found in the arch/ directory.
159
160But some architectures such as x86 and sparc have aliases.
161
162- x86: i386 for 32 bit, x86_64 for 64 bit
163- parisc: parisc64 for 64 bit
164- sparc: sparc32 for 32 bit, sparc64 for 64 bit
165
166CROSS_COMPILE
167-------------
168Specify an optional fixed part of the binutils filename.
169CROSS_COMPILE can be a part of the filename or the full path.
170
171CROSS_COMPILE is also used for ccache in some setups.
172
173CF
174--
175Additional options for sparse.
176
177CF is often used on the command-line like this::
178
179    make CF=-Wbitwise C=2
180
181INSTALL_PATH
182------------
183INSTALL_PATH specifies where to place the updated kernel and system map
184images. Default is /boot, but you can set it to other values.
185
186INSTALLKERNEL
187-------------
188Install script called when using "make install".
189The default name is "installkernel".
190
191The script will be called with the following arguments:
192
193   - $1 - kernel version
194   - $2 - kernel image file
195   - $3 - kernel map file
196   - $4 - default install path (use root directory if blank)
197
198The implementation of "make install" is architecture specific
199and it may differ from the above.
200
201INSTALLKERNEL is provided to enable the possibility to
202specify a custom installer when cross compiling a kernel.
203
204MODLIB
205------
206Specify where to install modules.
207The default value is::
208
209     $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE)
210
211The value can be overridden in which case the default value is ignored.
212
213INSTALL_MOD_PATH
214----------------
215INSTALL_MOD_PATH specifies a prefix to MODLIB for module directory
216relocations required by build roots.  This is not defined in the
217makefile but the argument can be passed to make if needed.
218
219INSTALL_MOD_STRIP
220-----------------
221INSTALL_MOD_STRIP, if defined, will cause modules to be
222stripped after they are installed.  If INSTALL_MOD_STRIP is '1', then
223the default option --strip-debug will be used.  Otherwise,
224INSTALL_MOD_STRIP value will be used as the options to the strip command.
225
226INSTALL_HDR_PATH
227----------------
228INSTALL_HDR_PATH specifies where to install user space headers when
229executing "make headers_*".
230
231The default value is::
232
233    $(objtree)/usr
234
235$(objtree) is the directory where output files are saved.
236The output directory is often set using "O=..." on the commandline.
237
238The value can be overridden in which case the default value is ignored.
239
240KBUILD_ABS_SRCTREE
241--------------------------------------------------
242Kbuild uses a relative path to point to the tree when possible. For instance,
243when building in the source tree, the source tree path is '.'
244
245Setting this flag requests Kbuild to use absolute path to the source tree.
246There are some useful cases to do so, like when generating tag files with
247absolute path entries etc.
248
249KBUILD_SIGN_PIN
250---------------
251This variable allows a passphrase or PIN to be passed to the sign-file
252utility when signing kernel modules, if the private key requires such.
253
254KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN
255-------------------
256KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN can be set to avoid errors in case of undefined
257symbols in the final module linking stage. It changes such errors
258into warnings.
259
260KBUILD_MODPOST_NOFINAL
261----------------------
262KBUILD_MODPOST_NOFINAL can be set to skip the final link of modules.
263This is solely useful to speed up test compiles.
264
265KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS
266--------------------
267For modules that use symbols from other modules.
268See more details in modules.rst.
269
270ALLSOURCE_ARCHS
271---------------
272For tags/TAGS/cscope targets, you can specify more than one arch
273to be included in the databases, separated by blank space. E.g.::
274
275    $ make ALLSOURCE_ARCHS="x86 mips arm" tags
276
277To get all available archs you can also specify all. E.g.::
278
279    $ make ALLSOURCE_ARCHS=all tags
280
281IGNORE_DIRS
282-----------
283For tags/TAGS/cscope targets, you can choose which directories won't
284be included in the databases, separated by blank space. E.g.::
285
286    $ make IGNORE_DIRS="drivers/gpu/drm/radeon tools" cscope
287
288KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP
289----------------------
290Setting this to a date string overrides the timestamp used in the
291UTS_VERSION definition (uname -v in the running kernel). The value has to
292be a string that can be passed to date -d. The default value
293is the output of the date command at one point during build.
294
295KBUILD_BUILD_USER, KBUILD_BUILD_HOST
296------------------------------------
297These two variables allow to override the user@host string displayed during
298boot and in /proc/version. The default value is the output of the commands
299whoami and host, respectively.
300
301LLVM
302----
303If this variable is set to 1, Kbuild will use Clang and LLVM utilities instead
304of GCC and GNU binutils to build the kernel.
305