1This directory attempts to document the ABI between the Linux kernel and 2userspace, and the relative stability of these interfaces. Due to the 3everchanging nature of Linux, and the differing maturity levels, these 4interfaces should be used by userspace programs in different ways. 5 6We have four different levels of ABI stability, as shown by the four 7different subdirectories in this location. Interfaces may change levels 8of stability according to the rules described below. 9 10The different levels of stability are: 11 12 stable/ 13 This directory documents the interfaces that the developer has 14 defined to be stable. Userspace programs are free to use these 15 interfaces with no restrictions, and backward compatibility for 16 them will be guaranteed for at least 2 years. Most interfaces 17 (like syscalls) are expected to never change and always be 18 available. 19 20 testing/ 21 This directory documents interfaces that are felt to be stable, 22 as the main development of this interface has been completed. 23 The interface can be changed to add new features, but the 24 current interface will not break by doing this, unless grave 25 errors or security problems are found in them. Userspace 26 programs can start to rely on these interfaces, but they must be 27 aware of changes that can occur before these interfaces move to 28 be marked stable. Programs that use these interfaces are 29 strongly encouraged to add their name to the description of 30 these interfaces, so that the kernel developers can easily 31 notify them if any changes occur (see the description of the 32 layout of the files below for details on how to do this.) 33 34 obsolete/ 35 This directory documents interfaces that are still remaining in 36 the kernel, but are marked to be removed at some later point in 37 time. The description of the interface will document the reason 38 why it is obsolete and when it can be expected to be removed. 39 40 removed/ 41 This directory contains a list of the old interfaces that have 42 been removed from the kernel. 43 44Every file in these directories will contain the following information: 45 46What: Short description of the interface 47Date: Date created 48KernelVersion: Kernel version this feature first showed up in. 49Contact: Primary contact for this interface (may be a mailing list) 50Description: Long description of the interface and how to use it. 51Users: All users of this interface who wish to be notified when 52 it changes. This is very important for interfaces in 53 the "testing" stage, so that kernel developers can work 54 with userspace developers to ensure that things do not 55 break in ways that are unacceptable. It is also 56 important to get feedback for these interfaces to make 57 sure they are working in a proper way and do not need to 58 be changed further. 59 60 61Note: 62 The fields should be use a simple notation, compatible with ReST markup. 63 Also, the file **should not** have a top-level index, like:: 64 65 === 66 foo 67 === 68 69How things move between levels: 70 71Interfaces in stable may move to obsolete, as long as the proper 72notification is given. 73 74Interfaces may be removed from obsolete and the kernel as long as the 75documented amount of time has gone by. 76 77Interfaces in the testing state can move to the stable state when the 78developers feel they are finished. They cannot be removed from the 79kernel tree without going through the obsolete state first. 80 81It's up to the developer to place their interfaces in the category they 82wish for it to start out in. 83 84 85Notable bits of non-ABI, which should not under any circumstances be considered 86stable: 87 88- Kconfig. Userspace should not rely on the presence or absence of any 89 particular Kconfig symbol, in /proc/config.gz, in the copy of .config 90 commonly installed to /boot, or in any invocation of the kernel build 91 process. 92 93- Kernel-internal symbols. Do not rely on the presence, absence, location, or 94 type of any kernel symbol, either in System.map files or the kernel binary 95 itself. See Documentation/process/stable-api-nonsense.rst. 96