xref: /openbmc/docs/development/add-new-system.md (revision c7c7c866)

# Add a New System to OpenBMC

**Document Purpose:** How to add a new system to the OpenBMC distribution

**Audience:** Programmer familiar with OpenBMC

**Prerequisites:** Completed Development Environment Setup [Document][1]

## Overview

This document will describe the following:

* Review background about Yocto and BitBake
* Creating a new system layer
* Populating this new layer
* Building the new system and testing in QEMU

## Background

The OpenBMC distribution is based on [Yocto](https://www.yoctoproject.org/).
Yocto is a project that allows developers to create custom Linux distributions.
OpenBMC uses Yocto to create their embedded Linux distribution to run on
a variety of devices.

Yocto has a concept of hierarchical layers. When you build a Yocto-based
distribution, you define a set of layers for that distribution. OpenBMC uses
many common layers from Yocto as well as some of its own layers. The layers
defined within OpenBMC can be found with the meta-* directories in OpenBMC
[GitHub](https://github.com/openbmc/openbmc).

Yocto layers are a combination of different files that define packages to
incorporate in that layer. One of the key file types used in these layers is
[BitBake](https://github.com/openembedded/bitbake/blob/master/README) recipes.

BitBake is a fully functional language in itself. For this lesson, we will
focus on only the aspects of BitBake required to understand the process of
adding a new system.

## Start the Initial BitBake

For this work, you will need to have allocated at least 100GB of space to your
development environment and as much memory and CPU as possible. The initial
build of an OpenBMC distribution can take hours. Once that first build is done
though, future builds will use cached data from the first build, speeding the
process up by orders of magnitude.

So before we do anything else, let's get that first build going.

Follow the direction on the OpenBMC GitHub [page](https://github.com/openbmc/openbmc/blob/master/README.md#2-download-the-source)
for the Romulus system (steps 2-4).

## Create a New System

While the BitBake operation is going above, let's start creating our new system.
Similar to previous lessons, we'll be using Romulus as our reference. Our new
system will be called romulus-prime.

From your openbmc repository you cloned above, the Romulus layer is defined
within `meta-ibm/meta-romulus/`.  The Romulus layer is defined within the
`conf` subdirectory. Under `conf` you will see a layout like this:

```
meta-ibm/meta-romulus/conf/
├── bblayers.conf.sample
├── conf-notes.txt
├── layer.conf
├── local.conf.sample
└── machine
    └── romulus.conf
```

To create our new romulus-prime system we are going to start out by copying
our romulus layer.
```
cp -R meta-ibm/meta-romulus meta-ibm/meta-romulus-prime
```

Let's review and modify each file needed in our new layer

1. meta-ibm/meta-romulus-prime/conf/bblayers.conf.sample

   This file defines the layers to pull into the meta-romulus-prime
   distribution. You can see in it a variety of Yocto layers (meta, meta-poky,
   meta-openembedded/meta-oe, ...). It also has OpenBMC layers like
   meta-phosphor, meta-openpower, meta-ibm, and meta-ibm/meta-romulus.

   The only change you need in this file is to change the two instances of
   meta-romulus to meta-romulus-prime. This will ensure your new layer is used
   when building your new system.

2. meta-ibm/meta-romulus-prime/conf/conf-notes.txt

   This file simply states the default target the user will build when working
   with your new layer. This remains the same as it is common for all OpenBMC
   systems.

3. meta-ibm/meta-romulus-prime/conf/layer.conf

   The main purpose of this file is to tell BitBake where to look for recipes
   (\*.bb files). Recipe files end with a `.bb` extension and are what contain
   all of the packaging logic for the different layers. `.bbappend` files are
   also recipe files but provide a way to append onto `.bb` files.
   `.bbappend` files are commonly used to add or remove something from a
   corresponding `.bb` file in a different layer.

   The only change you need in here is to find/replace the "romulus-layer" to
   "romulus-prime-layer"

4. meta-ibm/meta-romulus-prime/conf/local.conf.sample

   This file is where all local configuration settings go for your layer. The
   documentation in it is well done and it's worth a read.

   The only change required in here is to change the `MACHINE` to
   `romulus-prime`.

5. meta-ibm/meta-romulus-prime/conf/machine/romulus.conf

   This file describes the specifics for your machine. You define the kernel
   device tree to use, any overrides to specific features you will be pulling
   in, and other system specific pointers. This file is a good reference for
   the different things you need to change when creating a new system (kernel
   device tree, MRW, LED settings, inventory access, ...)

   The first thing you need to do is rename the file to `romulus-prime.conf`.

   **Note** If our new system really was just a variant of Romulus,
   with the same hardware configuration, then we could have just created a
   new machine in the Romulus layer. Any customizations for that system
   could be included in the corresponding .conf file for that new machine. For
   the purposes of this exercise we are assuming our romulus-prime system has
   at least a few hardware changes requiring us to create this new layer.

## Build New System

This will not initially compile but it's good to verify a few things from the
initial setup are done correctly.

Do not start this step until the build we started at the beginning of this
lesson has completed.

1. Modify the conf for your current build

   Within the shell you did the initial "bitbake" operation you need to reset
   the conf file for your build. You can manually copy in the new files or just
   remove it and let BitBake do it for you:
   ```
   cd ..
   rm -r ./build/conf
   export TEMPLATECONF=meta-ibm/meta-romulus-prime/conf
   . openbmc-env
   ```

   Run your "bitbake" command.

2. Nothing RPROVIDES 'romulus-prime-config'

   This will be your first error after running "bitbake obmc-phosphor-image"
   against your new system.

   The openbmc/skeleton repository was used for initial prototyping of OpenBMC.
   Within this repository is a [configs](https://github.com/openbmc/skeleton/tree/master/configs) directory.

   The majority of this config data is no longer used but until it is all
   completely removed, you need to provide it.

   Since this repository and file are on there way out, we'll simply do a quick
   workaround for this issue.

   Create a config files as follows:
   ```
   cp meta-ibm/meta-romulus-prime/recipes-phosphor/workbook/romulus-config.bb meta-ibm/meta-romulus-prime/recipes-phosphor/workbook/romulus-prime-config.bb

   vi meta-ibm/meta-romulus-prime/recipes-phosphor/workbook/romulus-prime-config.bb

   SUMMARY = "Romulus board wiring"
   DESCRIPTION = "Board wiring information for the Romulus OpenPOWER system."
   PR = "r1"

   inherit config-in-skeleton

   #Use Romulus config
   do_make_setup() {
           cp ${S}/Romulus.py \
                   ${S}/obmc_system_config.py
           cat <<EOF > ${S}/setup.py
   from distutils.core import setup

   setup(name='${BPN}',
       version='${PR}',
       py_modules=['obmc_system_config'],
       )
   EOF
   }

   ```

   Re-run your "bitbake" command.

3. Fetcher failure for URL: file://romulus.cfg

   This is the config file required by the kernel. It's where you can put some
   additional kernel config parameters. For our purposes here, just modify
   romulus-prime to use the romulus.cfg file. We just need to add the `-prime`
   to the prepend path.
   ```
   vi ./meta-ibm/meta-romulus-prime/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-aspeed_%.bbappend

   FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend_romulus-prime := "${THISDIR}/${PN}:"
   SRC_URI += "file://romulus.cfg"
   ```

   Re-run your "bitbake" command.

4. No rule to make target arch/arm/boot/dts/aspeed-bmc-opp-romulus-prime.dtb

   The .dtb file is a device tree blob file. It is generated during the Linux
   kernel build based on its corresponding .dts file. When you introduce a
   new OpenBMC system, you need to send these kernel updates upstream. The
   linked email [thread](https://lists.ozlabs.org/pipermail/openbmc/2018-September/013260.html)
   is an example of this process. Upstreaming to the kernel is a lesson in
   itself. For this lesson, we will simply use the Romulus kernel config files.
   ```
   vi ./meta-ibm/meta-romulus-prime/conf/machine/romulus-prime.conf
   # Replace the ${MACHINE} variable in the KERNEL_DEVICETREE

   # Use romulus device tree
   KERNEL_DEVICETREE = "${KMACHINE}-bmc-opp-romulus.dtb"
   ```

   Re-run your "bitbake" command.

## Boot New System

And you've finally built your new system's image! There are more
customizations to be done but let's first verify what you have boots.

Your new image will be in the following location from where you ran your
"bitbake" command:
```
./tmp/deploy/images/romulus-prime/obmc-phosphor-image-romulus-prime.static.mtd
```
Copy this image to where you've set up your QEMU session and re-run the
command to start QEMU (`qemu-system-arm` command from
[dev-environment.md][1]), giving your new file as input.

Once booted, you should see the following for the login:
```
romulus-prime login:
```

There you go! You've done the basics of creating, booting, and building a new
system. This is by no means a complete system but you now have the base for
the customizations you'll need to do for your new system.

## Further Customizations

There are a lot of other areas to customize when creating a new system.
We'll dig into more detail with these (IPMI, HWMON, LED) in future
development guides.

Although not in the same format as these guides, [Porting_Guide](https://github.com/mine260309/openbmc-intro/blob/master/Porting_Guide.md)
provides a lot of very useful information as well on adding a new system.

[1]: https://github.com/openbmc/docs/blob/master/development/dev-environment.md