xref: /openbmc/linux/mm/swapfile.c (revision 59bd26582de660d4c9c26125747f1b4a5eb40d1e)
11da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
21da177e4SLinus Torvalds  *  linux/mm/swapfile.c
31da177e4SLinus Torvalds  *
41da177e4SLinus Torvalds  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994  Linus Torvalds
51da177e4SLinus Torvalds  *  Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
61da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
71da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
81da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/mm.h>
91da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
101da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/mman.h>
111da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/slab.h>
121da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
131da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/swap.h>
141da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
151da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/pagemap.h>
161da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/namei.h>
171da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/shm.h>
181da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/blkdev.h>
191da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/writeback.h>
201da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
211da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/seq_file.h>
221da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/init.h>
231da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/module.h>
241da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/rmap.h>
251da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/security.h>
261da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
27fc0abb14SIngo Molnar #include <linux/mutex.h>
28c59ede7bSRandy.Dunlap #include <linux/capability.h>
291da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/syscalls.h>
301da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
311da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <asm/pgtable.h>
321da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
331da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/swapops.h>
341da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
355d337b91SHugh Dickins DEFINE_SPINLOCK(swap_lock);
361da177e4SLinus Torvalds unsigned int nr_swapfiles;
371da177e4SLinus Torvalds long total_swap_pages;
381da177e4SLinus Torvalds static int swap_overflow;
391da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
401da177e4SLinus Torvalds static const char Bad_file[] = "Bad swap file entry ";
411da177e4SLinus Torvalds static const char Unused_file[] = "Unused swap file entry ";
421da177e4SLinus Torvalds static const char Bad_offset[] = "Bad swap offset entry ";
431da177e4SLinus Torvalds static const char Unused_offset[] = "Unused swap offset entry ";
441da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
451da177e4SLinus Torvalds struct swap_list_t swap_list = {-1, -1};
461da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
47f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki static struct swap_info_struct swap_info[MAX_SWAPFILES];
481da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
49fc0abb14SIngo Molnar static DEFINE_MUTEX(swapon_mutex);
501da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
511da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
521da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * We need this because the bdev->unplug_fn can sleep and we cannot
535d337b91SHugh Dickins  * hold swap_lock while calling the unplug_fn. And swap_lock
54fc0abb14SIngo Molnar  * cannot be turned into a mutex.
551da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
561da177e4SLinus Torvalds static DECLARE_RWSEM(swap_unplug_sem);
571da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
581da177e4SLinus Torvalds void swap_unplug_io_fn(struct backing_dev_info *unused_bdi, struct page *page)
591da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
601da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	swp_entry_t entry;
611da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
621da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	down_read(&swap_unplug_sem);
634c21e2f2SHugh Dickins 	entry.val = page_private(page);
641da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (PageSwapCache(page)) {
651da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		struct block_device *bdev = swap_info[swp_type(entry)].bdev;
661da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
671da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
681da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/*
691da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * If the page is removed from swapcache from under us (with a
701da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * racy try_to_unuse/swapoff) we need an additional reference
714c21e2f2SHugh Dickins 		 * count to avoid reading garbage from page_private(page) above.
724c21e2f2SHugh Dickins 		 * If the WARN_ON triggers during a swapoff it maybe the race
731da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * condition and it's harmless. However if it triggers without
741da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * swapoff it signals a problem.
751da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 */
761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		WARN_ON(page_count(page) <= 1);
771da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
781da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		bdi = bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping->backing_dev_info;
79ba32311eSMcMullan, Jason 		blk_run_backing_dev(bdi, page);
801da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
811da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	up_read(&swap_unplug_sem);
821da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
831da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
84048c27fdSHugh Dickins #define SWAPFILE_CLUSTER	256
85048c27fdSHugh Dickins #define LATENCY_LIMIT		256
86048c27fdSHugh Dickins 
876eb396dcSHugh Dickins static inline unsigned long scan_swap_map(struct swap_info_struct *si)
881da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
897dfad418SHugh Dickins 	unsigned long offset, last_in_cluster;
90048c27fdSHugh Dickins 	int latency_ration = LATENCY_LIMIT;
911da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
927dfad418SHugh Dickins 	/*
937dfad418SHugh Dickins 	 * We try to cluster swap pages by allocating them sequentially
947dfad418SHugh Dickins 	 * in swap.  Once we've allocated SWAPFILE_CLUSTER pages this
957dfad418SHugh Dickins 	 * way, however, we resort to first-free allocation, starting
967dfad418SHugh Dickins 	 * a new cluster.  This prevents us from scattering swap pages
977dfad418SHugh Dickins 	 * all over the entire swap partition, so that we reduce
987dfad418SHugh Dickins 	 * overall disk seek times between swap pages.  -- sct
997dfad418SHugh Dickins 	 * But we do now try to find an empty cluster.  -Andrea
1001da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 */
1017dfad418SHugh Dickins 
10252b7efdbSHugh Dickins 	si->flags += SWP_SCANNING;
1037dfad418SHugh Dickins 	if (unlikely(!si->cluster_nr)) {
1047dfad418SHugh Dickins 		si->cluster_nr = SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - 1;
1057dfad418SHugh Dickins 		if (si->pages - si->inuse_pages < SWAPFILE_CLUSTER)
1067dfad418SHugh Dickins 			goto lowest;
1075d337b91SHugh Dickins 		spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
1087dfad418SHugh Dickins 
1097dfad418SHugh Dickins 		offset = si->lowest_bit;
1107dfad418SHugh Dickins 		last_in_cluster = offset + SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - 1;
1117dfad418SHugh Dickins 
1127dfad418SHugh Dickins 		/* Locate the first empty (unaligned) cluster */
1137dfad418SHugh Dickins 		for (; last_in_cluster <= si->highest_bit; offset++) {
1141da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			if (si->swap_map[offset])
1157dfad418SHugh Dickins 				last_in_cluster = offset + SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
1167dfad418SHugh Dickins 			else if (offset == last_in_cluster) {
1175d337b91SHugh Dickins 				spin_lock(&swap_lock);
1189b65ef59SAkinobu Mita 				si->cluster_next = offset-SWAPFILE_CLUSTER+1;
1197dfad418SHugh Dickins 				goto cluster;
1207dfad418SHugh Dickins 			}
121048c27fdSHugh Dickins 			if (unlikely(--latency_ration < 0)) {
122048c27fdSHugh Dickins 				cond_resched();
123048c27fdSHugh Dickins 				latency_ration = LATENCY_LIMIT;
124048c27fdSHugh Dickins 			}
1257dfad418SHugh Dickins 		}
1265d337b91SHugh Dickins 		spin_lock(&swap_lock);
1277dfad418SHugh Dickins 		goto lowest;
1287dfad418SHugh Dickins 	}
1297dfad418SHugh Dickins 
1307dfad418SHugh Dickins 	si->cluster_nr--;
1317dfad418SHugh Dickins cluster:
1327dfad418SHugh Dickins 	offset = si->cluster_next;
1337dfad418SHugh Dickins 	if (offset > si->highest_bit)
1347dfad418SHugh Dickins lowest:		offset = si->lowest_bit;
13552b7efdbSHugh Dickins checks:	if (!(si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
13652b7efdbSHugh Dickins 		goto no_page;
1377dfad418SHugh Dickins 	if (!si->highest_bit)
1387dfad418SHugh Dickins 		goto no_page;
1397dfad418SHugh Dickins 	if (!si->swap_map[offset]) {
14052b7efdbSHugh Dickins 		if (offset == si->lowest_bit)
1411da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			si->lowest_bit++;
1421da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (offset == si->highest_bit)
1431da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			si->highest_bit--;
1447dfad418SHugh Dickins 		si->inuse_pages++;
1457dfad418SHugh Dickins 		if (si->inuse_pages == si->pages) {
1461da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			si->lowest_bit = si->max;
1471da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			si->highest_bit = 0;
1481da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
1491da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		si->swap_map[offset] = 1;
1501da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		si->cluster_next = offset + 1;
15152b7efdbSHugh Dickins 		si->flags -= SWP_SCANNING;
1521da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		return offset;
1531da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
1547dfad418SHugh Dickins 
1555d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
1567dfad418SHugh Dickins 	while (++offset <= si->highest_bit) {
15752b7efdbSHugh Dickins 		if (!si->swap_map[offset]) {
1585d337b91SHugh Dickins 			spin_lock(&swap_lock);
15952b7efdbSHugh Dickins 			goto checks;
1607dfad418SHugh Dickins 		}
161048c27fdSHugh Dickins 		if (unlikely(--latency_ration < 0)) {
162048c27fdSHugh Dickins 			cond_resched();
163048c27fdSHugh Dickins 			latency_ration = LATENCY_LIMIT;
164048c27fdSHugh Dickins 		}
16552b7efdbSHugh Dickins 	}
1665d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_lock(&swap_lock);
1677dfad418SHugh Dickins 	goto lowest;
1687dfad418SHugh Dickins 
1697dfad418SHugh Dickins no_page:
17052b7efdbSHugh Dickins 	si->flags -= SWP_SCANNING;
1711da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return 0;
1721da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
1731da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
1741da177e4SLinus Torvalds swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
1751da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
176fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 	struct swap_info_struct *si;
177fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 	pgoff_t offset;
178fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 	int type, next;
179fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 	int wrapped = 0;
1801da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
1815d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_lock(&swap_lock);
1821da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (nr_swap_pages <= 0)
183fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 		goto noswap;
184fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 	nr_swap_pages--;
1851da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
186fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 	for (type = swap_list.next; type >= 0 && wrapped < 2; type = next) {
187fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 		si = swap_info + type;
188fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 		next = si->next;
189fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 		if (next < 0 ||
190fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 		    (!wrapped && si->prio != swap_info[next].prio)) {
191fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 			next = swap_list.head;
192fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 			wrapped++;
1931da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
194fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 
195fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 		if (!si->highest_bit)
196fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 			continue;
197fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 		if (!(si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
198fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 			continue;
199fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 
200fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 		swap_list.next = next;
201fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 		offset = scan_swap_map(si);
2025d337b91SHugh Dickins 		if (offset) {
2035d337b91SHugh Dickins 			spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
204fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 			return swp_entry(type, offset);
2055d337b91SHugh Dickins 		}
206fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 		next = swap_list.next;
207fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 	}
208fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 
209fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 	nr_swap_pages++;
210fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins noswap:
2115d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
212fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 	return (swp_entry_t) {0};
2131da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
2141da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
2153a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki swp_entry_t get_swap_page_of_type(int type)
2163a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki {
2173a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 	struct swap_info_struct *si;
2183a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 	pgoff_t offset;
2193a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 
2203a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 	spin_lock(&swap_lock);
2213a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 	si = swap_info + type;
2223a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 	if (si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK) {
2233a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 		nr_swap_pages--;
2243a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 		offset = scan_swap_map(si);
2253a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 		if (offset) {
2263a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 			spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
2273a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 			return swp_entry(type, offset);
2283a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 		}
2293a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 		nr_swap_pages++;
2303a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 	}
2313a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 	spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
2323a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 	return (swp_entry_t) {0};
2333a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki }
2343a291a20SRafael J. Wysocki 
2351da177e4SLinus Torvalds static struct swap_info_struct * swap_info_get(swp_entry_t entry)
2361da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
2371da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_info_struct * p;
2381da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned long offset, type;
2391da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
2401da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (!entry.val)
2411da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto out;
2421da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	type = swp_type(entry);
2431da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (type >= nr_swapfiles)
2441da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto bad_nofile;
2451da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p = & swap_info[type];
2461da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (!(p->flags & SWP_USED))
2471da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto bad_device;
2481da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	offset = swp_offset(entry);
2491da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (offset >= p->max)
2501da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto bad_offset;
2511da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (!p->swap_map[offset])
2521da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto bad_free;
2535d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_lock(&swap_lock);
2541da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return p;
2551da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
2561da177e4SLinus Torvalds bad_free:
2571da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	printk(KERN_ERR "swap_free: %s%08lx\n", Unused_offset, entry.val);
2581da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	goto out;
2591da177e4SLinus Torvalds bad_offset:
2601da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	printk(KERN_ERR "swap_free: %s%08lx\n", Bad_offset, entry.val);
2611da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	goto out;
2621da177e4SLinus Torvalds bad_device:
2631da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	printk(KERN_ERR "swap_free: %s%08lx\n", Unused_file, entry.val);
2641da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	goto out;
2651da177e4SLinus Torvalds bad_nofile:
2661da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	printk(KERN_ERR "swap_free: %s%08lx\n", Bad_file, entry.val);
2671da177e4SLinus Torvalds out:
2681da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return NULL;
2691da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
2701da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
2711da177e4SLinus Torvalds static int swap_entry_free(struct swap_info_struct *p, unsigned long offset)
2721da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
2731da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int count = p->swap_map[offset];
2741da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
2751da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (count < SWAP_MAP_MAX) {
2761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		count--;
2771da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		p->swap_map[offset] = count;
2781da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (!count) {
2791da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			if (offset < p->lowest_bit)
2801da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				p->lowest_bit = offset;
2811da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			if (offset > p->highest_bit)
2821da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				p->highest_bit = offset;
28389d09a2cSHugh Dickins 			if (p->prio > swap_info[swap_list.next].prio)
28489d09a2cSHugh Dickins 				swap_list.next = p - swap_info;
2851da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			nr_swap_pages++;
2861da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			p->inuse_pages--;
2871da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
2881da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
2891da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return count;
2901da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
2911da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
2921da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
2931da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * Caller has made sure that the swapdevice corresponding to entry
2941da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * is still around or has not been recycled.
2951da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
2961da177e4SLinus Torvalds void swap_free(swp_entry_t entry)
2971da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
2981da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_info_struct * p;
2991da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
3001da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p = swap_info_get(entry);
3011da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (p) {
3021da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		swap_entry_free(p, swp_offset(entry));
3035d337b91SHugh Dickins 		spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
3041da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
3051da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
3061da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
3071da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
308c475a8abSHugh Dickins  * How many references to page are currently swapped out?
3091da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
310c475a8abSHugh Dickins static inline int page_swapcount(struct page *page)
3111da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
312c475a8abSHugh Dickins 	int count = 0;
3131da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_info_struct *p;
3141da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	swp_entry_t entry;
3151da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
3164c21e2f2SHugh Dickins 	entry.val = page_private(page);
3171da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p = swap_info_get(entry);
3181da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (p) {
319c475a8abSHugh Dickins 		/* Subtract the 1 for the swap cache itself */
320c475a8abSHugh Dickins 		count = p->swap_map[swp_offset(entry)] - 1;
3215d337b91SHugh Dickins 		spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
3221da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
323c475a8abSHugh Dickins 	return count;
3241da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
3251da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
3261da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
3271da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * We can use this swap cache entry directly
3281da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * if there are no other references to it.
3291da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
3301da177e4SLinus Torvalds int can_share_swap_page(struct page *page)
3311da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
332c475a8abSHugh Dickins 	int count;
3331da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
334c475a8abSHugh Dickins 	BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
335c475a8abSHugh Dickins 	count = page_mapcount(page);
336c475a8abSHugh Dickins 	if (count <= 1 && PageSwapCache(page))
337c475a8abSHugh Dickins 		count += page_swapcount(page);
338c475a8abSHugh Dickins 	return count == 1;
3391da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
3401da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
3411da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
3421da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * Work out if there are any other processes sharing this
3431da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * swap cache page. Free it if you can. Return success.
3441da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
3451da177e4SLinus Torvalds int remove_exclusive_swap_page(struct page *page)
3461da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
3471da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int retval;
3481da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_info_struct * p;
3491da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	swp_entry_t entry;
3501da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
3511da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	BUG_ON(PagePrivate(page));
3521da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
3531da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
3541da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (!PageSwapCache(page))
3551da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		return 0;
3561da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (PageWriteback(page))
3571da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		return 0;
3581da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (page_count(page) != 2) /* 2: us + cache */
3591da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		return 0;
3601da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
3614c21e2f2SHugh Dickins 	entry.val = page_private(page);
3621da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p = swap_info_get(entry);
3631da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (!p)
3641da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		return 0;
3651da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
3661da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	/* Is the only swap cache user the cache itself? */
3671da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	retval = 0;
3681da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (p->swap_map[swp_offset(entry)] == 1) {
3691da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/* Recheck the page count with the swapcache lock held.. */
3701da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		write_lock_irq(&swapper_space.tree_lock);
3711da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if ((page_count(page) == 2) && !PageWriteback(page)) {
3721da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			__delete_from_swap_cache(page);
3731da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			SetPageDirty(page);
3741da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			retval = 1;
3751da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
3761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		write_unlock_irq(&swapper_space.tree_lock);
3771da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
3785d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
3791da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
3801da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (retval) {
3811da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		swap_free(entry);
3821da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		page_cache_release(page);
3831da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
3841da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
3851da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return retval;
3861da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
3871da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
3881da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
3891da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * Free the swap entry like above, but also try to
3901da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * free the page cache entry if it is the last user.
3911da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
3921da177e4SLinus Torvalds void free_swap_and_cache(swp_entry_t entry)
3931da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
3941da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_info_struct * p;
3951da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct page *page = NULL;
3961da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
3970697212aSChristoph Lameter 	if (is_migration_entry(entry))
3980697212aSChristoph Lameter 		return;
3990697212aSChristoph Lameter 
4001da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p = swap_info_get(entry);
4011da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (p) {
40293fac704SNick Piggin 		if (swap_entry_free(p, swp_offset(entry)) == 1) {
40393fac704SNick Piggin 			page = find_get_page(&swapper_space, entry.val);
40493fac704SNick Piggin 			if (page && unlikely(TestSetPageLocked(page))) {
40593fac704SNick Piggin 				page_cache_release(page);
40693fac704SNick Piggin 				page = NULL;
40793fac704SNick Piggin 			}
40893fac704SNick Piggin 		}
4095d337b91SHugh Dickins 		spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
4101da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
4111da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (page) {
4121da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		int one_user;
4131da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
4141da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		BUG_ON(PagePrivate(page));
4151da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		one_user = (page_count(page) == 2);
4161da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/* Only cache user (+us), or swap space full? Free it! */
41793fac704SNick Piggin 		/* Also recheck PageSwapCache after page is locked (above) */
41893fac704SNick Piggin 		if (PageSwapCache(page) && !PageWriteback(page) &&
41993fac704SNick Piggin 					(one_user || vm_swap_full())) {
4201da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			delete_from_swap_cache(page);
4211da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			SetPageDirty(page);
4221da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
4231da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		unlock_page(page);
4241da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		page_cache_release(page);
4251da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
4261da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
4271da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
428b0cb1a19SRafael J. Wysocki #ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
429f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki /*
430915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki  * Find the swap type that corresponds to given device (if any).
431f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki  *
432915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki  * @offset - number of the PAGE_SIZE-sized block of the device, starting
433915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki  * from 0, in which the swap header is expected to be located.
434915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki  *
435915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki  * This is needed for the suspend to disk (aka swsusp).
436f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki  */
4377bf23687SRafael J. Wysocki int swap_type_of(dev_t device, sector_t offset, struct block_device **bdev_p)
438f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki {
439915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 	struct block_device *bdev = NULL;
440f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 	int i;
441f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 
442915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 	if (device)
443915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 		bdev = bdget(device);
444915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 
445f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 	spin_lock(&swap_lock);
446f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 	for (i = 0; i < nr_swapfiles; i++) {
447915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 		struct swap_info_struct *sis = swap_info + i;
448f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 
449915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 		if (!(sis->flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
450f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 			continue;
451b6b5bce3SRafael J. Wysocki 
452915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 		if (!bdev) {
4537bf23687SRafael J. Wysocki 			if (bdev_p)
4547bf23687SRafael J. Wysocki 				*bdev_p = sis->bdev;
4557bf23687SRafael J. Wysocki 
4566e1819d6SRafael J. Wysocki 			spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
4576e1819d6SRafael J. Wysocki 			return i;
4586e1819d6SRafael J. Wysocki 		}
459915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 		if (bdev == sis->bdev) {
460915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 			struct swap_extent *se;
461915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 
462915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 			se = list_entry(sis->extent_list.next,
463915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 					struct swap_extent, list);
464915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 			if (se->start_block == offset) {
4657bf23687SRafael J. Wysocki 				if (bdev_p)
4667bf23687SRafael J. Wysocki 					*bdev_p = sis->bdev;
4677bf23687SRafael J. Wysocki 
468f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 				spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
469915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 				bdput(bdev);
470f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 				return i;
471f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 			}
472f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 		}
473915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 	}
474f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 	spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
475915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 	if (bdev)
476915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 		bdput(bdev);
477915bae9eSRafael J. Wysocki 
478f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 	return -ENODEV;
479f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki }
480f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 
481f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki /*
482f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki  * Return either the total number of swap pages of given type, or the number
483f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki  * of free pages of that type (depending on @free)
484f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki  *
485f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki  * This is needed for software suspend
486f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki  */
487f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki unsigned int count_swap_pages(int type, int free)
488f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki {
489f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 	unsigned int n = 0;
490f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 
491f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 	if (type < nr_swapfiles) {
492f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 		spin_lock(&swap_lock);
493f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 		if (swap_info[type].flags & SWP_WRITEOK) {
494f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 			n = swap_info[type].pages;
495f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 			if (free)
496f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 				n -= swap_info[type].inuse_pages;
497f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 		}
498f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 		spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
499f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 	}
500f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 	return n;
501f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki }
502f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki #endif
503f577eb30SRafael J. Wysocki 
5041da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
50572866f6fSHugh Dickins  * No need to decide whether this PTE shares the swap entry with others,
50672866f6fSHugh Dickins  * just let do_wp_page work it out if a write is requested later - to
50772866f6fSHugh Dickins  * force COW, vm_page_prot omits write permission from any private vma.
5081da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
509*59bd2658SHugh Dickins static void unuse_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pte_t *pte,
5101da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		unsigned long addr, swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
5111da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
5124294621fSHugh Dickins 	inc_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, anon_rss);
5131da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	get_page(page);
5141da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, addr, pte,
5151da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		   pte_mkold(mk_pte(page, vma->vm_page_prot)));
5161da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	page_add_anon_rmap(page, vma, addr);
5171da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	swap_free(entry);
5181da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	/*
5191da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * Move the page to the active list so it is not
5201da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * immediately swapped out again after swapon.
5211da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 */
5221da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	activate_page(page);
5231da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
5241da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
5251da177e4SLinus Torvalds static int unuse_pte_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
5261da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
5271da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
5281da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
5291da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	pte_t swp_pte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
530705e87c0SHugh Dickins 	pte_t *pte;
531*59bd2658SHugh Dickins 	spinlock_t *ptl;
532705e87c0SHugh Dickins 	int found = 0;
5331da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
534*59bd2658SHugh Dickins 	pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
5351da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	do {
5361da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/*
5371da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * swapoff spends a _lot_ of time in this loop!
5381da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * Test inline before going to call unuse_pte.
5391da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 */
5401da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (unlikely(pte_same(*pte, swp_pte))) {
541*59bd2658SHugh Dickins 			unuse_pte(vma, pte++, addr, entry, page);
542*59bd2658SHugh Dickins 			found = 1;
543*59bd2658SHugh Dickins 			break;
5441da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
5451da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	} while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
546*59bd2658SHugh Dickins 	pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1, ptl);
547705e87c0SHugh Dickins 	return found;
5481da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
5491da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
5501da177e4SLinus Torvalds static inline int unuse_pmd_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pud_t *pud,
5511da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
5521da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
5531da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
5541da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	pmd_t *pmd;
5551da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned long next;
5561da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
5571da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
5581da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	do {
5591da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
5601da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
5611da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			continue;
5621da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (unuse_pte_range(vma, pmd, addr, next, entry, page))
5631da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			return 1;
5641da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	} while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
5651da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return 0;
5661da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
5671da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
5681da177e4SLinus Torvalds static inline int unuse_pud_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgd_t *pgd,
5691da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
5701da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
5711da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
5721da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	pud_t *pud;
5731da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned long next;
5741da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
5751da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
5761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	do {
5771da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
5781da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud))
5791da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			continue;
5801da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (unuse_pmd_range(vma, pud, addr, next, entry, page))
5811da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			return 1;
5821da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	} while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
5831da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return 0;
5841da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
5851da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
5861da177e4SLinus Torvalds static int unuse_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
5871da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
5881da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
5891da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	pgd_t *pgd;
5901da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned long addr, end, next;
5911da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
5921da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (page->mapping) {
5931da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		addr = page_address_in_vma(page, vma);
5941da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (addr == -EFAULT)
5951da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			return 0;
5961da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		else
5971da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			end = addr + PAGE_SIZE;
5981da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	} else {
5991da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		addr = vma->vm_start;
6001da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		end = vma->vm_end;
6011da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
6021da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
6031da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	pgd = pgd_offset(vma->vm_mm, addr);
6041da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	do {
6051da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
6061da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd))
6071da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			continue;
6081da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (unuse_pud_range(vma, pgd, addr, next, entry, page))
6091da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			return 1;
6101da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
6111da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return 0;
6121da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
6131da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
6141da177e4SLinus Torvalds static int unuse_mm(struct mm_struct *mm,
6151da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
6161da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
6171da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
6181da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
6191da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (!down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)) {
6201da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/*
621c475a8abSHugh Dickins 		 * Activate page so shrink_cache is unlikely to unmap its
622c475a8abSHugh Dickins 		 * ptes while lock is dropped, so swapoff can make progress.
6231da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 */
624c475a8abSHugh Dickins 		activate_page(page);
6251da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		unlock_page(page);
6261da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
6271da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		lock_page(page);
6281da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
6291da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	for (vma = mm->mmap; vma; vma = vma->vm_next) {
6301da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (vma->anon_vma && unuse_vma(vma, entry, page))
6311da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			break;
6321da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
6331da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
6341da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	/*
6351da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * Currently unuse_mm cannot fail, but leave error handling
6361da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * at call sites for now, since we change it from time to time.
6371da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 */
6381da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return 0;
6391da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
6401da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
6411da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
6421da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * Scan swap_map from current position to next entry still in use.
6431da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * Recycle to start on reaching the end, returning 0 when empty.
6441da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
6456eb396dcSHugh Dickins static unsigned int find_next_to_unuse(struct swap_info_struct *si,
6466eb396dcSHugh Dickins 					unsigned int prev)
6471da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
6486eb396dcSHugh Dickins 	unsigned int max = si->max;
6496eb396dcSHugh Dickins 	unsigned int i = prev;
6501da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int count;
6511da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
6521da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	/*
6535d337b91SHugh Dickins 	 * No need for swap_lock here: we're just looking
6541da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * for whether an entry is in use, not modifying it; false
6551da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * hits are okay, and sys_swapoff() has already prevented new
6565d337b91SHugh Dickins 	 * allocations from this area (while holding swap_lock).
6571da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 */
6581da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	for (;;) {
6591da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (++i >= max) {
6601da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			if (!prev) {
6611da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				i = 0;
6621da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				break;
6631da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			}
6641da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			/*
6651da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			 * No entries in use at top of swap_map,
6661da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			 * loop back to start and recheck there.
6671da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			 */
6681da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			max = prev + 1;
6691da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			prev = 0;
6701da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			i = 1;
6711da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
6721da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		count = si->swap_map[i];
6731da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (count && count != SWAP_MAP_BAD)
6741da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			break;
6751da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
6761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return i;
6771da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
6781da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
6791da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
6801da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * We completely avoid races by reading each swap page in advance,
6811da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * and then search for the process using it.  All the necessary
6821da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * page table adjustments can then be made atomically.
6831da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
6841da177e4SLinus Torvalds static int try_to_unuse(unsigned int type)
6851da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
6861da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_info_struct * si = &swap_info[type];
6871da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct mm_struct *start_mm;
6881da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned short *swap_map;
6891da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned short swcount;
6901da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct page *page;
6911da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	swp_entry_t entry;
6926eb396dcSHugh Dickins 	unsigned int i = 0;
6931da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int retval = 0;
6941da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int reset_overflow = 0;
6951da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int shmem;
6961da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
6971da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	/*
6981da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * When searching mms for an entry, a good strategy is to
6991da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * start at the first mm we freed the previous entry from
7001da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * (though actually we don't notice whether we or coincidence
7011da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * freed the entry).  Initialize this start_mm with a hold.
7021da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 *
7031da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * A simpler strategy would be to start at the last mm we
7041da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * freed the previous entry from; but that would take less
7051da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * advantage of mmlist ordering, which clusters forked mms
7061da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * together, child after parent.  If we race with dup_mmap(), we
7071da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * prefer to resolve parent before child, lest we miss entries
7081da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * duplicated after we scanned child: using last mm would invert
7091da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * that.  Though it's only a serious concern when an overflowed
7101da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * swap count is reset from SWAP_MAP_MAX, preventing a rescan.
7111da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 */
7121da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	start_mm = &init_mm;
7131da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	atomic_inc(&init_mm.mm_users);
7141da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
7151da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	/*
7161da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * Keep on scanning until all entries have gone.  Usually,
7171da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * one pass through swap_map is enough, but not necessarily:
7181da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * there are races when an instance of an entry might be missed.
7191da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 */
7201da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	while ((i = find_next_to_unuse(si, i)) != 0) {
7211da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (signal_pending(current)) {
7221da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			retval = -EINTR;
7231da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			break;
7241da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
7251da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
7261da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/*
7271da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * Get a page for the entry, using the existing swap
7281da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * cache page if there is one.  Otherwise, get a clean
7291da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * page and read the swap into it.
7301da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 */
7311da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		swap_map = &si->swap_map[i];
7321da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		entry = swp_entry(type, i);
73302098feaSHugh Dickins 		page = read_swap_cache_async(entry,
73402098feaSHugh Dickins 					GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE, NULL, 0);
7351da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (!page) {
7361da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			/*
7371da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			 * Either swap_duplicate() failed because entry
7381da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			 * has been freed independently, and will not be
7391da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			 * reused since sys_swapoff() already disabled
7401da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			 * allocation from here, or alloc_page() failed.
7411da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			 */
7421da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			if (!*swap_map)
7431da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				continue;
7441da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			retval = -ENOMEM;
7451da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			break;
7461da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
7471da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
7481da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/*
7491da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * Don't hold on to start_mm if it looks like exiting.
7501da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 */
7511da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (atomic_read(&start_mm->mm_users) == 1) {
7521da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			mmput(start_mm);
7531da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			start_mm = &init_mm;
7541da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			atomic_inc(&init_mm.mm_users);
7551da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
7561da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
7571da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/*
7581da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * Wait for and lock page.  When do_swap_page races with
7591da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * try_to_unuse, do_swap_page can handle the fault much
7601da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * faster than try_to_unuse can locate the entry.  This
7611da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * apparently redundant "wait_on_page_locked" lets try_to_unuse
7621da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * defer to do_swap_page in such a case - in some tests,
7631da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * do_swap_page and try_to_unuse repeatedly compete.
7641da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 */
7651da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		wait_on_page_locked(page);
7661da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		wait_on_page_writeback(page);
7671da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		lock_page(page);
7681da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		wait_on_page_writeback(page);
7691da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
7701da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/*
7711da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * Remove all references to entry.
7721da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * Whenever we reach init_mm, there's no address space
7731da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * to search, but use it as a reminder to search shmem.
7741da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 */
7751da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		shmem = 0;
7761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		swcount = *swap_map;
7771da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (swcount > 1) {
7781da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			if (start_mm == &init_mm)
7791da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				shmem = shmem_unuse(entry, page);
7801da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			else
7811da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				retval = unuse_mm(start_mm, entry, page);
7821da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
7831da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (*swap_map > 1) {
7841da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			int set_start_mm = (*swap_map >= swcount);
7851da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			struct list_head *p = &start_mm->mmlist;
7861da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			struct mm_struct *new_start_mm = start_mm;
7871da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			struct mm_struct *prev_mm = start_mm;
7881da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			struct mm_struct *mm;
7891da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
7901da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			atomic_inc(&new_start_mm->mm_users);
7911da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			atomic_inc(&prev_mm->mm_users);
7921da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			spin_lock(&mmlist_lock);
7932e0e26c7SHugh Dickins 			while (*swap_map > 1 && !retval && !shmem &&
7941da177e4SLinus Torvalds 					(p = p->next) != &start_mm->mmlist) {
7951da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				mm = list_entry(p, struct mm_struct, mmlist);
79670af7c5cSHugh Dickins 				if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&mm->mm_users))
7971da177e4SLinus Torvalds 					continue;
7981da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				spin_unlock(&mmlist_lock);
7991da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				mmput(prev_mm);
8001da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				prev_mm = mm;
8011da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
8021da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				cond_resched();
8031da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
8041da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				swcount = *swap_map;
8051da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				if (swcount <= 1)
8061da177e4SLinus Torvalds 					;
8071da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				else if (mm == &init_mm) {
8081da177e4SLinus Torvalds 					set_start_mm = 1;
8091da177e4SLinus Torvalds 					shmem = shmem_unuse(entry, page);
8101da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				} else
8111da177e4SLinus Torvalds 					retval = unuse_mm(mm, entry, page);
8121da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				if (set_start_mm && *swap_map < swcount) {
8131da177e4SLinus Torvalds 					mmput(new_start_mm);
8141da177e4SLinus Torvalds 					atomic_inc(&mm->mm_users);
8151da177e4SLinus Torvalds 					new_start_mm = mm;
8161da177e4SLinus Torvalds 					set_start_mm = 0;
8171da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				}
8181da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				spin_lock(&mmlist_lock);
8191da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			}
8201da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			spin_unlock(&mmlist_lock);
8211da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			mmput(prev_mm);
8221da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			mmput(start_mm);
8231da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			start_mm = new_start_mm;
8241da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
8252e0e26c7SHugh Dickins 		if (shmem) {
8262e0e26c7SHugh Dickins 			/* page has already been unlocked and released */
8272e0e26c7SHugh Dickins 			if (shmem > 0)
8282e0e26c7SHugh Dickins 				continue;
8292e0e26c7SHugh Dickins 			retval = shmem;
8302e0e26c7SHugh Dickins 			break;
8312e0e26c7SHugh Dickins 		}
8321da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (retval) {
8331da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			unlock_page(page);
8341da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			page_cache_release(page);
8351da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			break;
8361da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
8371da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
8381da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/*
8391da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * How could swap count reach 0x7fff when the maximum
8401da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * pid is 0x7fff, and there's no way to repeat a swap
8411da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * page within an mm (except in shmem, where it's the
8421da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * shared object which takes the reference count)?
8431da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * We believe SWAP_MAP_MAX cannot occur in Linux 2.4.
8441da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 *
8451da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * If that's wrong, then we should worry more about
8461da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * exit_mmap() and do_munmap() cases described above:
8471da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * we might be resetting SWAP_MAP_MAX too early here.
8481da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * We know "Undead"s can happen, they're okay, so don't
8491da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * report them; but do report if we reset SWAP_MAP_MAX.
8501da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 */
8511da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (*swap_map == SWAP_MAP_MAX) {
8525d337b91SHugh Dickins 			spin_lock(&swap_lock);
8531da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			*swap_map = 1;
8545d337b91SHugh Dickins 			spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
8551da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			reset_overflow = 1;
8561da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
8571da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
8581da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/*
8591da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * If a reference remains (rare), we would like to leave
8601da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * the page in the swap cache; but try_to_unmap could
8611da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * then re-duplicate the entry once we drop page lock,
8621da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * so we might loop indefinitely; also, that page could
8631da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * not be swapped out to other storage meanwhile.  So:
8641da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * delete from cache even if there's another reference,
8651da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * after ensuring that the data has been saved to disk -
8661da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * since if the reference remains (rarer), it will be
8671da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * read from disk into another page.  Splitting into two
8681da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * pages would be incorrect if swap supported "shared
8691da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * private" pages, but they are handled by tmpfs files.
8701da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 */
8711da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if ((*swap_map > 1) && PageDirty(page) && PageSwapCache(page)) {
8721da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			struct writeback_control wbc = {
8731da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				.sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
8741da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			};
8751da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
8761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			swap_writepage(page, &wbc);
8771da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			lock_page(page);
8781da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			wait_on_page_writeback(page);
8791da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
8802e0e26c7SHugh Dickins 		if (PageSwapCache(page))
8811da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			delete_from_swap_cache(page);
8821da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
8831da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/*
8841da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * So we could skip searching mms once swap count went
8851da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * to 1, we did not mark any present ptes as dirty: must
8862706a1b8SAnderson Briglia 		 * mark page dirty so shrink_page_list will preserve it.
8871da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 */
8881da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		SetPageDirty(page);
8891da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		unlock_page(page);
8901da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		page_cache_release(page);
8911da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
8921da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/*
8931da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * Make sure that we aren't completely killing
8941da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * interactive performance.
8951da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 */
8961da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		cond_resched();
8971da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
8981da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
8991da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	mmput(start_mm);
9001da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (reset_overflow) {
9011da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		printk(KERN_WARNING "swapoff: cleared swap entry overflow\n");
9021da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		swap_overflow = 0;
9031da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
9041da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return retval;
9051da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
9061da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
9071da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
9085d337b91SHugh Dickins  * After a successful try_to_unuse, if no swap is now in use, we know
9095d337b91SHugh Dickins  * we can empty the mmlist.  swap_lock must be held on entry and exit.
9105d337b91SHugh Dickins  * Note that mmlist_lock nests inside swap_lock, and an mm must be
9111da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * added to the mmlist just after page_duplicate - before would be racy.
9121da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
9131da177e4SLinus Torvalds static void drain_mmlist(void)
9141da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
9151da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct list_head *p, *next;
9161da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned int i;
9171da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
9181da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	for (i = 0; i < nr_swapfiles; i++)
9191da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (swap_info[i].inuse_pages)
9201da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			return;
9211da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	spin_lock(&mmlist_lock);
9221da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	list_for_each_safe(p, next, &init_mm.mmlist)
9231da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		list_del_init(p);
9241da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	spin_unlock(&mmlist_lock);
9251da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
9261da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
9271da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
9281da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * Use this swapdev's extent info to locate the (PAGE_SIZE) block which
9291da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * corresponds to page offset `offset'.
9301da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
9311da177e4SLinus Torvalds sector_t map_swap_page(struct swap_info_struct *sis, pgoff_t offset)
9321da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
9331da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_extent *se = sis->curr_swap_extent;
9341da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_extent *start_se = se;
9351da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
9361da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	for ( ; ; ) {
9371da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		struct list_head *lh;
9381da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
9391da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (se->start_page <= offset &&
9401da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				offset < (se->start_page + se->nr_pages)) {
9411da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			return se->start_block + (offset - se->start_page);
9421da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
94311d31886SHugh Dickins 		lh = se->list.next;
9441da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (lh == &sis->extent_list)
94511d31886SHugh Dickins 			lh = lh->next;
9461da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		se = list_entry(lh, struct swap_extent, list);
9471da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		sis->curr_swap_extent = se;
9481da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		BUG_ON(se == start_se);		/* It *must* be present */
9491da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
9501da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
9511da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
952b0cb1a19SRafael J. Wysocki #ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
9533aef83e0SRafael J. Wysocki /*
9543aef83e0SRafael J. Wysocki  * Get the (PAGE_SIZE) block corresponding to given offset on the swapdev
9553aef83e0SRafael J. Wysocki  * corresponding to given index in swap_info (swap type).
9563aef83e0SRafael J. Wysocki  */
9573aef83e0SRafael J. Wysocki sector_t swapdev_block(int swap_type, pgoff_t offset)
9583aef83e0SRafael J. Wysocki {
9593aef83e0SRafael J. Wysocki 	struct swap_info_struct *sis;
9603aef83e0SRafael J. Wysocki 
9613aef83e0SRafael J. Wysocki 	if (swap_type >= nr_swapfiles)
9623aef83e0SRafael J. Wysocki 		return 0;
9633aef83e0SRafael J. Wysocki 
9643aef83e0SRafael J. Wysocki 	sis = swap_info + swap_type;
9653aef83e0SRafael J. Wysocki 	return (sis->flags & SWP_WRITEOK) ? map_swap_page(sis, offset) : 0;
9663aef83e0SRafael J. Wysocki }
967b0cb1a19SRafael J. Wysocki #endif /* CONFIG_HIBERNATION */
9683aef83e0SRafael J. Wysocki 
9691da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
9701da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * Free all of a swapdev's extent information
9711da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
9721da177e4SLinus Torvalds static void destroy_swap_extents(struct swap_info_struct *sis)
9731da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
9741da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	while (!list_empty(&sis->extent_list)) {
9751da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		struct swap_extent *se;
9761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
9771da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		se = list_entry(sis->extent_list.next,
9781da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				struct swap_extent, list);
9791da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		list_del(&se->list);
9801da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		kfree(se);
9811da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
9821da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
9831da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
9841da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
9851da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * Add a block range (and the corresponding page range) into this swapdev's
98611d31886SHugh Dickins  * extent list.  The extent list is kept sorted in page order.
9871da177e4SLinus Torvalds  *
98811d31886SHugh Dickins  * This function rather assumes that it is called in ascending page order.
9891da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
9901da177e4SLinus Torvalds static int
9911da177e4SLinus Torvalds add_swap_extent(struct swap_info_struct *sis, unsigned long start_page,
9921da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		unsigned long nr_pages, sector_t start_block)
9931da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
9941da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_extent *se;
9951da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_extent *new_se;
9961da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct list_head *lh;
9971da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
99811d31886SHugh Dickins 	lh = sis->extent_list.prev;	/* The highest page extent */
99911d31886SHugh Dickins 	if (lh != &sis->extent_list) {
10001da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		se = list_entry(lh, struct swap_extent, list);
100111d31886SHugh Dickins 		BUG_ON(se->start_page + se->nr_pages != start_page);
100211d31886SHugh Dickins 		if (se->start_block + se->nr_pages == start_block) {
10031da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			/* Merge it */
10041da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			se->nr_pages += nr_pages;
10051da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			return 0;
10061da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
10071da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
10081da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
10091da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	/*
10101da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * No merge.  Insert a new extent, preserving ordering.
10111da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 */
10121da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	new_se = kmalloc(sizeof(*se), GFP_KERNEL);
10131da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (new_se == NULL)
10141da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		return -ENOMEM;
10151da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	new_se->start_page = start_page;
10161da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	new_se->nr_pages = nr_pages;
10171da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	new_se->start_block = start_block;
10181da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
101911d31886SHugh Dickins 	list_add_tail(&new_se->list, &sis->extent_list);
102053092a74SHugh Dickins 	return 1;
10211da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
10221da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
10231da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
10241da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * A `swap extent' is a simple thing which maps a contiguous range of pages
10251da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * onto a contiguous range of disk blocks.  An ordered list of swap extents
10261da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * is built at swapon time and is then used at swap_writepage/swap_readpage
10271da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * time for locating where on disk a page belongs.
10281da177e4SLinus Torvalds  *
10291da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * If the swapfile is an S_ISBLK block device, a single extent is installed.
10301da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * This is done so that the main operating code can treat S_ISBLK and S_ISREG
10311da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * swap files identically.
10321da177e4SLinus Torvalds  *
10331da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * Whether the swapdev is an S_ISREG file or an S_ISBLK blockdev, the swap
10341da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * extent list operates in PAGE_SIZE disk blocks.  Both S_ISREG and S_ISBLK
10351da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * swapfiles are handled *identically* after swapon time.
10361da177e4SLinus Torvalds  *
10371da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * For S_ISREG swapfiles, setup_swap_extents() will walk all the file's blocks
10381da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * and will parse them into an ordered extent list, in PAGE_SIZE chunks.  If
10391da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * some stray blocks are found which do not fall within the PAGE_SIZE alignment
10401da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * requirements, they are simply tossed out - we will never use those blocks
10411da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * for swapping.
10421da177e4SLinus Torvalds  *
1043b0d9bcd4SHugh Dickins  * For S_ISREG swapfiles we set S_SWAPFILE across the life of the swapon.  This
10441da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * prevents root from shooting her foot off by ftruncating an in-use swapfile,
10451da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * which will scribble on the fs.
10461da177e4SLinus Torvalds  *
10471da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * The amount of disk space which a single swap extent represents varies.
10481da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * Typically it is in the 1-4 megabyte range.  So we can have hundreds of
10491da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * extents in the list.  To avoid much list walking, we cache the previous
10501da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * search location in `curr_swap_extent', and start new searches from there.
10511da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * This is extremely effective.  The average number of iterations in
10521da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * map_swap_page() has been measured at about 0.3 per page.  - akpm.
10531da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
105453092a74SHugh Dickins static int setup_swap_extents(struct swap_info_struct *sis, sector_t *span)
10551da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
10561da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct inode *inode;
10571da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned blocks_per_page;
10581da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned long page_no;
10591da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned blkbits;
10601da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	sector_t probe_block;
10611da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	sector_t last_block;
106253092a74SHugh Dickins 	sector_t lowest_block = -1;
106353092a74SHugh Dickins 	sector_t highest_block = 0;
106453092a74SHugh Dickins 	int nr_extents = 0;
10651da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int ret;
10661da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
10671da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	inode = sis->swap_file->f_mapping->host;
10681da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) {
10691da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		ret = add_swap_extent(sis, 0, sis->max, 0);
107053092a74SHugh Dickins 		*span = sis->pages;
10711da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto done;
10721da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
10731da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
10741da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	blkbits = inode->i_blkbits;
10751da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	blocks_per_page = PAGE_SIZE >> blkbits;
10761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
10771da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	/*
10781da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * Map all the blocks into the extent list.  This code doesn't try
10791da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * to be very smart.
10801da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 */
10811da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	probe_block = 0;
10821da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	page_no = 0;
10831da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	last_block = i_size_read(inode) >> blkbits;
10841da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	while ((probe_block + blocks_per_page) <= last_block &&
10851da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			page_no < sis->max) {
10861da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		unsigned block_in_page;
10871da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		sector_t first_block;
10881da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
10891da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		first_block = bmap(inode, probe_block);
10901da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (first_block == 0)
10911da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			goto bad_bmap;
10921da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
10931da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/*
10941da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * It must be PAGE_SIZE aligned on-disk
10951da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 */
10961da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (first_block & (blocks_per_page - 1)) {
10971da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			probe_block++;
10981da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			goto reprobe;
10991da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
11001da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
11011da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		for (block_in_page = 1; block_in_page < blocks_per_page;
11021da177e4SLinus Torvalds 					block_in_page++) {
11031da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			sector_t block;
11041da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
11051da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			block = bmap(inode, probe_block + block_in_page);
11061da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			if (block == 0)
11071da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				goto bad_bmap;
11081da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			if (block != first_block + block_in_page) {
11091da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				/* Discontiguity */
11101da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				probe_block++;
11111da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				goto reprobe;
11121da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			}
11131da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
11141da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
111553092a74SHugh Dickins 		first_block >>= (PAGE_SHIFT - blkbits);
111653092a74SHugh Dickins 		if (page_no) {	/* exclude the header page */
111753092a74SHugh Dickins 			if (first_block < lowest_block)
111853092a74SHugh Dickins 				lowest_block = first_block;
111953092a74SHugh Dickins 			if (first_block > highest_block)
112053092a74SHugh Dickins 				highest_block = first_block;
112153092a74SHugh Dickins 		}
112253092a74SHugh Dickins 
11231da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/*
11241da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * We found a PAGE_SIZE-length, PAGE_SIZE-aligned run of blocks
11251da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 */
112653092a74SHugh Dickins 		ret = add_swap_extent(sis, page_no, 1, first_block);
112753092a74SHugh Dickins 		if (ret < 0)
11281da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			goto out;
112953092a74SHugh Dickins 		nr_extents += ret;
11301da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		page_no++;
11311da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		probe_block += blocks_per_page;
11321da177e4SLinus Torvalds reprobe:
11331da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		continue;
11341da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
113553092a74SHugh Dickins 	ret = nr_extents;
113653092a74SHugh Dickins 	*span = 1 + highest_block - lowest_block;
11371da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (page_no == 0)
1138e2244ec2SHugh Dickins 		page_no = 1;	/* force Empty message */
11391da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	sis->max = page_no;
1140e2244ec2SHugh Dickins 	sis->pages = page_no - 1;
11411da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	sis->highest_bit = page_no - 1;
11421da177e4SLinus Torvalds done:
11431da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	sis->curr_swap_extent = list_entry(sis->extent_list.prev,
11441da177e4SLinus Torvalds 					struct swap_extent, list);
11451da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	goto out;
11461da177e4SLinus Torvalds bad_bmap:
11471da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	printk(KERN_ERR "swapon: swapfile has holes\n");
11481da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	ret = -EINVAL;
11491da177e4SLinus Torvalds out:
11501da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return ret;
11511da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
11521da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
11531da177e4SLinus Torvalds #if 0	/* We don't need this yet */
11541da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
11551da177e4SLinus Torvalds int page_queue_congested(struct page *page)
11561da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
11571da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
11581da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
11591da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));	/* It pins the swap_info_struct */
11601da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
11611da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (PageSwapCache(page)) {
11624c21e2f2SHugh Dickins 		swp_entry_t entry = { .val = page_private(page) };
11631da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		struct swap_info_struct *sis;
11641da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
11651da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		sis = get_swap_info_struct(swp_type(entry));
11661da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		bdi = sis->bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping->backing_dev_info;
11671da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	} else
11681da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		bdi = page->mapping->backing_dev_info;
11691da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return bdi_write_congested(bdi);
11701da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
11711da177e4SLinus Torvalds #endif
11721da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
11731da177e4SLinus Torvalds asmlinkage long sys_swapoff(const char __user * specialfile)
11741da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
11751da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_info_struct * p = NULL;
11761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned short *swap_map;
11771da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct file *swap_file, *victim;
11781da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct address_space *mapping;
11791da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct inode *inode;
11801da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	char * pathname;
11811da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int i, type, prev;
11821da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int err;
11831da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
11841da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
11851da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		return -EPERM;
11861da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
11871da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	pathname = getname(specialfile);
11881da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	err = PTR_ERR(pathname);
11891da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (IS_ERR(pathname))
11901da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto out;
11911da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
11921da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	victim = filp_open(pathname, O_RDWR|O_LARGEFILE, 0);
11931da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	putname(pathname);
11941da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	err = PTR_ERR(victim);
11951da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (IS_ERR(victim))
11961da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto out;
11971da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
11981da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	mapping = victim->f_mapping;
11991da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	prev = -1;
12005d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_lock(&swap_lock);
12011da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	for (type = swap_list.head; type >= 0; type = swap_info[type].next) {
12021da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		p = swap_info + type;
12031da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if ((p->flags & SWP_ACTIVE) == SWP_ACTIVE) {
12041da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			if (p->swap_file->f_mapping == mapping)
12051da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				break;
12061da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
12071da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		prev = type;
12081da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
12091da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (type < 0) {
12101da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		err = -EINVAL;
12115d337b91SHugh Dickins 		spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
12121da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto out_dput;
12131da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
12141da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (!security_vm_enough_memory(p->pages))
12151da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		vm_unacct_memory(p->pages);
12161da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	else {
12171da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		err = -ENOMEM;
12185d337b91SHugh Dickins 		spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
12191da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto out_dput;
12201da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
12211da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (prev < 0) {
12221da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		swap_list.head = p->next;
12231da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	} else {
12241da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		swap_info[prev].next = p->next;
12251da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
12261da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (type == swap_list.next) {
12271da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/* just pick something that's safe... */
12281da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		swap_list.next = swap_list.head;
12291da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
12301da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	nr_swap_pages -= p->pages;
12311da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	total_swap_pages -= p->pages;
12321da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->flags &= ~SWP_WRITEOK;
12335d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
1234fb4f88dcSHugh Dickins 
12351da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	current->flags |= PF_SWAPOFF;
12361da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	err = try_to_unuse(type);
12371da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	current->flags &= ~PF_SWAPOFF;
12381da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
12391da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (err) {
12401da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/* re-insert swap space back into swap_list */
12415d337b91SHugh Dickins 		spin_lock(&swap_lock);
12421da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		for (prev = -1, i = swap_list.head; i >= 0; prev = i, i = swap_info[i].next)
12431da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			if (p->prio >= swap_info[i].prio)
12441da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				break;
12451da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		p->next = i;
12461da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (prev < 0)
12471da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			swap_list.head = swap_list.next = p - swap_info;
12481da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		else
12491da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			swap_info[prev].next = p - swap_info;
12501da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		nr_swap_pages += p->pages;
12511da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		total_swap_pages += p->pages;
12521da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		p->flags |= SWP_WRITEOK;
12535d337b91SHugh Dickins 		spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
12541da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto out_dput;
12551da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
125652b7efdbSHugh Dickins 
125752b7efdbSHugh Dickins 	/* wait for any unplug function to finish */
125852b7efdbSHugh Dickins 	down_write(&swap_unplug_sem);
125952b7efdbSHugh Dickins 	up_write(&swap_unplug_sem);
126052b7efdbSHugh Dickins 
12614cd3bb10SHugh Dickins 	destroy_swap_extents(p);
1262fc0abb14SIngo Molnar 	mutex_lock(&swapon_mutex);
12635d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_lock(&swap_lock);
12641da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	drain_mmlist();
12655d337b91SHugh Dickins 
12665d337b91SHugh Dickins 	/* wait for anyone still in scan_swap_map */
12675d337b91SHugh Dickins 	p->highest_bit = 0;		/* cuts scans short */
12685d337b91SHugh Dickins 	while (p->flags >= SWP_SCANNING) {
12695d337b91SHugh Dickins 		spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
127013e4b57fSNishanth Aravamudan 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
12715d337b91SHugh Dickins 		spin_lock(&swap_lock);
12725d337b91SHugh Dickins 	}
12735d337b91SHugh Dickins 
12741da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	swap_file = p->swap_file;
12751da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->swap_file = NULL;
12761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->max = 0;
12771da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	swap_map = p->swap_map;
12781da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->swap_map = NULL;
12791da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->flags = 0;
12805d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
1281fc0abb14SIngo Molnar 	mutex_unlock(&swapon_mutex);
12821da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	vfree(swap_map);
12831da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	inode = mapping->host;
12841da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) {
12851da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(inode);
12861da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		set_blocksize(bdev, p->old_block_size);
12871da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		bd_release(bdev);
12881da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	} else {
12891b1dcc1bSJes Sorensen 		mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
12901da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		inode->i_flags &= ~S_SWAPFILE;
12911b1dcc1bSJes Sorensen 		mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
12921da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
12931da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	filp_close(swap_file, NULL);
12941da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	err = 0;
12951da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
12961da177e4SLinus Torvalds out_dput:
12971da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	filp_close(victim, NULL);
12981da177e4SLinus Torvalds out:
12991da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return err;
13001da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
13011da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
13021da177e4SLinus Torvalds #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
13031da177e4SLinus Torvalds /* iterator */
13041da177e4SLinus Torvalds static void *swap_start(struct seq_file *swap, loff_t *pos)
13051da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
13061da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_info_struct *ptr = swap_info;
13071da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int i;
13081da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	loff_t l = *pos;
13091da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
1310fc0abb14SIngo Molnar 	mutex_lock(&swapon_mutex);
13111da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
1312881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 	if (!l)
1313881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 		return SEQ_START_TOKEN;
1314881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 
13151da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	for (i = 0; i < nr_swapfiles; i++, ptr++) {
13161da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (!(ptr->flags & SWP_USED) || !ptr->swap_map)
13171da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			continue;
1318881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 		if (!--l)
13191da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			return ptr;
13201da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
13211da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
13221da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return NULL;
13231da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
13241da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
13251da177e4SLinus Torvalds static void *swap_next(struct seq_file *swap, void *v, loff_t *pos)
13261da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
1327881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 	struct swap_info_struct *ptr;
13281da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_info_struct *endptr = swap_info + nr_swapfiles;
13291da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
1330881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 	if (v == SEQ_START_TOKEN)
1331881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 		ptr = swap_info;
1332881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 	else {
1333881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 		ptr = v;
1334881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 		ptr++;
1335881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 	}
1336881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 
1337881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 	for (; ptr < endptr; ptr++) {
13381da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (!(ptr->flags & SWP_USED) || !ptr->swap_map)
13391da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			continue;
13401da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		++*pos;
13411da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		return ptr;
13421da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
13431da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
13441da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return NULL;
13451da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
13461da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
13471da177e4SLinus Torvalds static void swap_stop(struct seq_file *swap, void *v)
13481da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
1349fc0abb14SIngo Molnar 	mutex_unlock(&swapon_mutex);
13501da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
13511da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
13521da177e4SLinus Torvalds static int swap_show(struct seq_file *swap, void *v)
13531da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
13541da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_info_struct *ptr = v;
13551da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct file *file;
13561da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int len;
13571da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
1358881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 	if (ptr == SEQ_START_TOKEN) {
13591da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		seq_puts(swap,"Filename\t\t\t\tType\t\tSize\tUsed\tPriority\n");
1360881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 		return 0;
1361881e4aabSSuleiman Souhlal 	}
13621da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
13631da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	file = ptr->swap_file;
1364d3ac7f89SJosef "Jeff" Sipek 	len = seq_path(swap, file->f_path.mnt, file->f_path.dentry, " \t\n\\");
13656eb396dcSHugh Dickins 	seq_printf(swap, "%*s%s\t%u\t%u\t%d\n",
13661da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		       len < 40 ? 40 - len : 1, " ",
1367d3ac7f89SJosef "Jeff" Sipek 		       S_ISBLK(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode->i_mode) ?
13681da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				"partition" : "file\t",
13691da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		       ptr->pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10),
13701da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		       ptr->inuse_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10),
13711da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		       ptr->prio);
13721da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return 0;
13731da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
13741da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
137515ad7cdcSHelge Deller static const struct seq_operations swaps_op = {
13761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	.start =	swap_start,
13771da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	.next =		swap_next,
13781da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	.stop =		swap_stop,
13791da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	.show =		swap_show
13801da177e4SLinus Torvalds };
13811da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
13821da177e4SLinus Torvalds static int swaps_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
13831da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
13841da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return seq_open(file, &swaps_op);
13851da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
13861da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
138715ad7cdcSHelge Deller static const struct file_operations proc_swaps_operations = {
13881da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	.open		= swaps_open,
13891da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	.read		= seq_read,
13901da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
13911da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	.release	= seq_release,
13921da177e4SLinus Torvalds };
13931da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
13941da177e4SLinus Torvalds static int __init procswaps_init(void)
13951da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
13961da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct proc_dir_entry *entry;
13971da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
13981da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	entry = create_proc_entry("swaps", 0, NULL);
13991da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (entry)
14001da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		entry->proc_fops = &proc_swaps_operations;
14011da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return 0;
14021da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
14031da177e4SLinus Torvalds __initcall(procswaps_init);
14041da177e4SLinus Torvalds #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
14051da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
14061da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
14071da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * Written 01/25/92 by Simmule Turner, heavily changed by Linus.
14081da177e4SLinus Torvalds  *
14091da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * The swapon system call
14101da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
14111da177e4SLinus Torvalds asmlinkage long sys_swapon(const char __user * specialfile, int swap_flags)
14121da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
14131da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_info_struct * p;
14141da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	char *name = NULL;
14151da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct block_device *bdev = NULL;
14161da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct file *swap_file = NULL;
14171da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct address_space *mapping;
14181da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned int type;
14191da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int i, prev;
14201da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int error;
14211da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	static int least_priority;
14221da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	union swap_header *swap_header = NULL;
14231da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int swap_header_version;
14246eb396dcSHugh Dickins 	unsigned int nr_good_pages = 0;
14256eb396dcSHugh Dickins 	int nr_extents = 0;
142653092a74SHugh Dickins 	sector_t span;
14271da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned long maxpages = 1;
14281da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int swapfilesize;
14291da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned short *swap_map;
14301da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct page *page = NULL;
14311da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct inode *inode = NULL;
14321da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int did_down = 0;
14331da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
14341da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
14351da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		return -EPERM;
14365d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_lock(&swap_lock);
14371da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p = swap_info;
14381da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	for (type = 0 ; type < nr_swapfiles ; type++,p++)
14391da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (!(p->flags & SWP_USED))
14401da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			break;
14411da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	error = -EPERM;
14420697212aSChristoph Lameter 	if (type >= MAX_SWAPFILES) {
14435d337b91SHugh Dickins 		spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
14441da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto out;
14451da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
14461da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (type >= nr_swapfiles)
14471da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		nr_swapfiles = type+1;
14481da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->extent_list);
14491da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->flags = SWP_USED;
14501da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->swap_file = NULL;
14511da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->old_block_size = 0;
14521da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->swap_map = NULL;
14531da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->lowest_bit = 0;
14541da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->highest_bit = 0;
14551da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->cluster_nr = 0;
14561da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->inuse_pages = 0;
14571da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->next = -1;
14581da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (swap_flags & SWAP_FLAG_PREFER) {
14591da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		p->prio =
14601da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		  (swap_flags & SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_MASK)>>SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_SHIFT;
14611da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	} else {
14621da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		p->prio = --least_priority;
14631da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
14645d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
14651da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	name = getname(specialfile);
14661da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	error = PTR_ERR(name);
14671da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (IS_ERR(name)) {
14681da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		name = NULL;
14691da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto bad_swap_2;
14701da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
14711da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	swap_file = filp_open(name, O_RDWR|O_LARGEFILE, 0);
14721da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	error = PTR_ERR(swap_file);
14731da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (IS_ERR(swap_file)) {
14741da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		swap_file = NULL;
14751da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto bad_swap_2;
14761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
14771da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
14781da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->swap_file = swap_file;
14791da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	mapping = swap_file->f_mapping;
14801da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	inode = mapping->host;
14811da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
14821da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	error = -EBUSY;
14831da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	for (i = 0; i < nr_swapfiles; i++) {
14841da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		struct swap_info_struct *q = &swap_info[i];
14851da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
14861da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (i == type || !q->swap_file)
14871da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			continue;
14881da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (mapping == q->swap_file->f_mapping)
14891da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			goto bad_swap;
14901da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
14911da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
14921da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	error = -EINVAL;
14931da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) {
14941da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		bdev = I_BDEV(inode);
14951da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		error = bd_claim(bdev, sys_swapon);
14961da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (error < 0) {
14971da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			bdev = NULL;
1498f7b3a435SRob Landley 			error = -EINVAL;
14991da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			goto bad_swap;
15001da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
15011da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		p->old_block_size = block_size(bdev);
15021da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		error = set_blocksize(bdev, PAGE_SIZE);
15031da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (error < 0)
15041da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			goto bad_swap;
15051da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		p->bdev = bdev;
15061da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	} else if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
15071da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		p->bdev = inode->i_sb->s_bdev;
15081b1dcc1bSJes Sorensen 		mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
15091da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		did_down = 1;
15101da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (IS_SWAPFILE(inode)) {
15111da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			error = -EBUSY;
15121da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			goto bad_swap;
15131da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
15141da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	} else {
15151da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto bad_swap;
15161da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
15171da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
15181da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	swapfilesize = i_size_read(inode) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
15191da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
15201da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	/*
15211da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 * Read the swap header.
15221da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	 */
15231da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (!mapping->a_ops->readpage) {
15241da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		error = -EINVAL;
15251da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto bad_swap;
15261da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
1527090d2b18SPekka Enberg 	page = read_mapping_page(mapping, 0, swap_file);
15281da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (IS_ERR(page)) {
15291da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		error = PTR_ERR(page);
15301da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto bad_swap;
15311da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
15321da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	kmap(page);
15331da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	swap_header = page_address(page);
15341da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
15351da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (!memcmp("SWAP-SPACE",swap_header->magic.magic,10))
15361da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		swap_header_version = 1;
15371da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	else if (!memcmp("SWAPSPACE2",swap_header->magic.magic,10))
15381da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		swap_header_version = 2;
15391da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	else {
1540e97a3111SJesper Juhl 		printk(KERN_ERR "Unable to find swap-space signature\n");
15411da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		error = -EINVAL;
15421da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto bad_swap;
15431da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
15441da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
15451da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	switch (swap_header_version) {
15461da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	case 1:
15471da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		printk(KERN_ERR "version 0 swap is no longer supported. "
15481da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			"Use mkswap -v1 %s\n", name);
15491da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		error = -EINVAL;
15501da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto bad_swap;
15511da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	case 2:
15521da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/* Check the swap header's sub-version and the size of
15531da177e4SLinus Torvalds                    the swap file and bad block lists */
15541da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (swap_header->info.version != 1) {
15551da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			printk(KERN_WARNING
15561da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			       "Unable to handle swap header version %d\n",
15571da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			       swap_header->info.version);
15581da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			error = -EINVAL;
15591da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			goto bad_swap;
15601da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
15611da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
15621da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		p->lowest_bit  = 1;
156352b7efdbSHugh Dickins 		p->cluster_next = 1;
156452b7efdbSHugh Dickins 
15651da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/*
15661da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * Find out how many pages are allowed for a single swap
15671da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * device. There are two limiting factors: 1) the number of
15681da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * bits for the swap offset in the swp_entry_t type and
15691da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * 2) the number of bits in the a swap pte as defined by
15701da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * the different architectures. In order to find the
15711da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * largest possible bit mask a swap entry with swap type 0
15721da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * and swap offset ~0UL is created, encoded to a swap pte,
15731da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * decoded to a swp_entry_t again and finally the swap
15741da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * offset is extracted. This will mask all the bits from
15751da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * the initial ~0UL mask that can't be encoded in either
15761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * the swp_entry_t or the architecture definition of a
15771da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 * swap pte.
15781da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		 */
15791da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		maxpages = swp_offset(pte_to_swp_entry(swp_entry_to_pte(swp_entry(0,~0UL)))) - 1;
15801da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (maxpages > swap_header->info.last_page)
15811da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			maxpages = swap_header->info.last_page;
15821da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		p->highest_bit = maxpages - 1;
15831da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
15841da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		error = -EINVAL;
1585e2244ec2SHugh Dickins 		if (!maxpages)
1586e2244ec2SHugh Dickins 			goto bad_swap;
15875d1854e1SEric Sandeen 		if (swapfilesize && maxpages > swapfilesize) {
15885d1854e1SEric Sandeen 			printk(KERN_WARNING
15895d1854e1SEric Sandeen 			       "Swap area shorter than signature indicates\n");
15905d1854e1SEric Sandeen 			goto bad_swap;
15915d1854e1SEric Sandeen 		}
1592e2244ec2SHugh Dickins 		if (swap_header->info.nr_badpages && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
1593e2244ec2SHugh Dickins 			goto bad_swap;
15941da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (swap_header->info.nr_badpages > MAX_SWAP_BADPAGES)
15951da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			goto bad_swap;
15961da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
15971da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/* OK, set up the swap map and apply the bad block list */
15981da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (!(p->swap_map = vmalloc(maxpages * sizeof(short)))) {
15991da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			error = -ENOMEM;
16001da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			goto bad_swap;
16011da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
16021da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
16031da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		error = 0;
16041da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		memset(p->swap_map, 0, maxpages * sizeof(short));
16051da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		for (i = 0; i < swap_header->info.nr_badpages; i++) {
1606cd105df4STobias Klauser 			int page_nr = swap_header->info.badpages[i];
1607cd105df4STobias Klauser 			if (page_nr <= 0 || page_nr >= swap_header->info.last_page)
16081da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				error = -EINVAL;
16091da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			else
1610cd105df4STobias Klauser 				p->swap_map[page_nr] = SWAP_MAP_BAD;
16111da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
16121da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		nr_good_pages = swap_header->info.last_page -
16131da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				swap_header->info.nr_badpages -
16141da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				1 /* header page */;
16151da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (error)
16161da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			goto bad_swap;
16171da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
16181da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
1619e2244ec2SHugh Dickins 	if (nr_good_pages) {
1620e2244ec2SHugh Dickins 		p->swap_map[0] = SWAP_MAP_BAD;
1621e2244ec2SHugh Dickins 		p->max = maxpages;
1622e2244ec2SHugh Dickins 		p->pages = nr_good_pages;
162353092a74SHugh Dickins 		nr_extents = setup_swap_extents(p, &span);
162453092a74SHugh Dickins 		if (nr_extents < 0) {
162553092a74SHugh Dickins 			error = nr_extents;
1626e2244ec2SHugh Dickins 			goto bad_swap;
162753092a74SHugh Dickins 		}
1628e2244ec2SHugh Dickins 		nr_good_pages = p->pages;
1629e2244ec2SHugh Dickins 	}
16301da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (!nr_good_pages) {
16311da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		printk(KERN_WARNING "Empty swap-file\n");
16321da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		error = -EINVAL;
16331da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto bad_swap;
16341da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
16351da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
1636fc0abb14SIngo Molnar 	mutex_lock(&swapon_mutex);
16375d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_lock(&swap_lock);
16381da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->flags = SWP_ACTIVE;
16391da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	nr_swap_pages += nr_good_pages;
16401da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	total_swap_pages += nr_good_pages;
164153092a74SHugh Dickins 
16426eb396dcSHugh Dickins 	printk(KERN_INFO "Adding %uk swap on %s.  "
164353092a74SHugh Dickins 			"Priority:%d extents:%d across:%lluk\n",
164453092a74SHugh Dickins 		nr_good_pages<<(PAGE_SHIFT-10), name, p->prio,
164553092a74SHugh Dickins 		nr_extents, (unsigned long long)span<<(PAGE_SHIFT-10));
16461da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
16471da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	/* insert swap space into swap_list: */
16481da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	prev = -1;
16491da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	for (i = swap_list.head; i >= 0; i = swap_info[i].next) {
16501da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (p->prio >= swap_info[i].prio) {
16511da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			break;
16521da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
16531da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		prev = i;
16541da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
16551da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->next = i;
16561da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (prev < 0) {
16571da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		swap_list.head = swap_list.next = p - swap_info;
16581da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	} else {
16591da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		swap_info[prev].next = p - swap_info;
16601da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
16615d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
1662fc0abb14SIngo Molnar 	mutex_unlock(&swapon_mutex);
16631da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	error = 0;
16641da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	goto out;
16651da177e4SLinus Torvalds bad_swap:
16661da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (bdev) {
16671da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		set_blocksize(bdev, p->old_block_size);
16681da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		bd_release(bdev);
16691da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
16704cd3bb10SHugh Dickins 	destroy_swap_extents(p);
16711da177e4SLinus Torvalds bad_swap_2:
16725d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_lock(&swap_lock);
16731da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	swap_map = p->swap_map;
16741da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->swap_file = NULL;
16751da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->swap_map = NULL;
16761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p->flags = 0;
16771da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (!(swap_flags & SWAP_FLAG_PREFER))
16781da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		++least_priority;
16795d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
16801da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	vfree(swap_map);
16811da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (swap_file)
16821da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		filp_close(swap_file, NULL);
16831da177e4SLinus Torvalds out:
16841da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (page && !IS_ERR(page)) {
16851da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		kunmap(page);
16861da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		page_cache_release(page);
16871da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
16881da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (name)
16891da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		putname(name);
16901da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (did_down) {
16911da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (!error)
16921da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			inode->i_flags |= S_SWAPFILE;
16931b1dcc1bSJes Sorensen 		mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
16941da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
16951da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return error;
16961da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
16971da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
16981da177e4SLinus Torvalds void si_swapinfo(struct sysinfo *val)
16991da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
17001da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned int i;
17011da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned long nr_to_be_unused = 0;
17021da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
17035d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_lock(&swap_lock);
17041da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	for (i = 0; i < nr_swapfiles; i++) {
17051da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (!(swap_info[i].flags & SWP_USED) ||
17061da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		     (swap_info[i].flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
17071da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			continue;
17081da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		nr_to_be_unused += swap_info[i].inuse_pages;
17091da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
17101da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	val->freeswap = nr_swap_pages + nr_to_be_unused;
17111da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	val->totalswap = total_swap_pages + nr_to_be_unused;
17125d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
17131da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
17141da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
17151da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
17161da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * Verify that a swap entry is valid and increment its swap map count.
17171da177e4SLinus Torvalds  *
17181da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * Note: if swap_map[] reaches SWAP_MAP_MAX the entries are treated as
17191da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * "permanent", but will be reclaimed by the next swapoff.
17201da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
17211da177e4SLinus Torvalds int swap_duplicate(swp_entry_t entry)
17221da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
17231da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	struct swap_info_struct * p;
17241da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	unsigned long offset, type;
17251da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	int result = 0;
17261da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
17270697212aSChristoph Lameter 	if (is_migration_entry(entry))
17280697212aSChristoph Lameter 		return 1;
17290697212aSChristoph Lameter 
17301da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	type = swp_type(entry);
17311da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (type >= nr_swapfiles)
17321da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		goto bad_file;
17331da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	p = type + swap_info;
17341da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	offset = swp_offset(entry);
17351da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
17365d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_lock(&swap_lock);
17371da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	if (offset < p->max && p->swap_map[offset]) {
17381da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		if (p->swap_map[offset] < SWAP_MAP_MAX - 1) {
17391da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			p->swap_map[offset]++;
17401da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			result = 1;
17411da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		} else if (p->swap_map[offset] <= SWAP_MAP_MAX) {
17421da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			if (swap_overflow++ < 5)
17431da177e4SLinus Torvalds 				printk(KERN_WARNING "swap_dup: swap entry overflow\n");
17441da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			p->swap_map[offset] = SWAP_MAP_MAX;
17451da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			result = 1;
17461da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		}
17471da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	}
17485d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
17491da177e4SLinus Torvalds out:
17501da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return result;
17511da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
17521da177e4SLinus Torvalds bad_file:
17531da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	printk(KERN_ERR "swap_dup: %s%08lx\n", Bad_file, entry.val);
17541da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	goto out;
17551da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
17561da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
17571da177e4SLinus Torvalds struct swap_info_struct *
17581da177e4SLinus Torvalds get_swap_info_struct(unsigned type)
17591da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
17601da177e4SLinus Torvalds 	return &swap_info[type];
17611da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
17621da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
17631da177e4SLinus Torvalds /*
17645d337b91SHugh Dickins  * swap_lock prevents swap_map being freed. Don't grab an extra
17651da177e4SLinus Torvalds  * reference on the swaphandle, it doesn't matter if it becomes unused.
17661da177e4SLinus Torvalds  */
17671da177e4SLinus Torvalds int valid_swaphandles(swp_entry_t entry, unsigned long *offset)
17681da177e4SLinus Torvalds {
17698952898bSHugh Dickins 	struct swap_info_struct *si;
17703f9e7949SHugh Dickins 	int our_page_cluster = page_cluster;
17718952898bSHugh Dickins 	pgoff_t target, toff;
17728952898bSHugh Dickins 	pgoff_t base, end;
17738952898bSHugh Dickins 	int nr_pages = 0;
17741da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
17753f9e7949SHugh Dickins 	if (!our_page_cluster)	/* no readahead */
17761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		return 0;
17778952898bSHugh Dickins 
17788952898bSHugh Dickins 	si = &swap_info[swp_type(entry)];
17798952898bSHugh Dickins 	target = swp_offset(entry);
17808952898bSHugh Dickins 	base = (target >> our_page_cluster) << our_page_cluster;
17818952898bSHugh Dickins 	end = base + (1 << our_page_cluster);
17828952898bSHugh Dickins 	if (!base)		/* first page is swap header */
17838952898bSHugh Dickins 		base++;
17841da177e4SLinus Torvalds 
17855d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_lock(&swap_lock);
17868952898bSHugh Dickins 	if (end > si->max)	/* don't go beyond end of map */
17878952898bSHugh Dickins 		end = si->max;
17888952898bSHugh Dickins 
17898952898bSHugh Dickins 	/* Count contiguous allocated slots above our target */
17908952898bSHugh Dickins 	for (toff = target; ++toff < end; nr_pages++) {
17911da177e4SLinus Torvalds 		/* Don't read in free or bad pages */
17928952898bSHugh Dickins 		if (!si->swap_map[toff])
17931da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			break;
17948952898bSHugh Dickins 		if (si->swap_map[toff] == SWAP_MAP_BAD)
17951da177e4SLinus Torvalds 			break;
17968952898bSHugh Dickins 	}
17978952898bSHugh Dickins 	/* Count contiguous allocated slots below our target */
17988952898bSHugh Dickins 	for (toff = target; --toff >= base; nr_pages++) {
17998952898bSHugh Dickins 		/* Don't read in free or bad pages */
18008952898bSHugh Dickins 		if (!si->swap_map[toff])
18018952898bSHugh Dickins 			break;
18028952898bSHugh Dickins 		if (si->swap_map[toff] == SWAP_MAP_BAD)
18038952898bSHugh Dickins 			break;
18048952898bSHugh Dickins 	}
18055d337b91SHugh Dickins 	spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
18068952898bSHugh Dickins 
18078952898bSHugh Dickins 	/*
18088952898bSHugh Dickins 	 * Indicate starting offset, and return number of pages to get:
18098952898bSHugh Dickins 	 * if only 1, say 0, since there's then no readahead to be done.
18108952898bSHugh Dickins 	 */
18118952898bSHugh Dickins 	*offset = ++toff;
18128952898bSHugh Dickins 	return nr_pages? ++nr_pages: 0;
18131da177e4SLinus Torvalds }
1814