xref: /openbmc/linux/kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c (revision 3b6e1dd42317ec366dab3205f99280e2ab1ad85a)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * Read-Copy Update module-based torture test facility
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2005, 2006
6  *
7  * Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
8  *	  Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
9  *
10  * See also:  Documentation/RCU/torture.rst
11  */
12 
13 #define pr_fmt(fmt) fmt
14 
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/kernel.h>
17 #include <linux/init.h>
18 #include <linux/module.h>
19 #include <linux/kthread.h>
20 #include <linux/err.h>
21 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
22 #include <linux/smp.h>
23 #include <linux/rcupdate_wait.h>
24 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
25 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
26 #include <uapi/linux/sched/types.h>
27 #include <linux/atomic.h>
28 #include <linux/bitops.h>
29 #include <linux/completion.h>
30 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
31 #include <linux/percpu.h>
32 #include <linux/notifier.h>
33 #include <linux/reboot.h>
34 #include <linux/freezer.h>
35 #include <linux/cpu.h>
36 #include <linux/delay.h>
37 #include <linux/stat.h>
38 #include <linux/srcu.h>
39 #include <linux/slab.h>
40 #include <linux/trace_clock.h>
41 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
42 #include <linux/torture.h>
43 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
44 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
45 #include <linux/sched/sysctl.h>
46 #include <linux/oom.h>
47 #include <linux/tick.h>
48 #include <linux/rcupdate_trace.h>
49 #include <linux/nmi.h>
50 
51 #include "rcu.h"
52 
53 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
54 MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> and Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>");
55 
56 /* Bits for ->extendables field, extendables param, and related definitions. */
57 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1	 8	/* Put SRCU index in upper bits. */
58 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1	 (1 << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1)
59 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2	 9	/* Put SRCU index in upper bits. */
60 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2	 (1 << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2)
61 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH	 0x01	/* Extend readers by disabling bh. */
62 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ	 0x02	/*  ... disabling interrupts. */
63 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT	 0x04	/*  ... disabling preemption. */
64 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH	 0x08	/*  ... rcu_read_lock_bh(). */
65 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED	 0x10	/*  ... rcu_read_lock_sched(). */
66 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1	 0x20	/*  ... entering another RCU reader. */
67 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2	 0x40	/*  ... entering another RCU reader. */
68 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_NBITS	 7	/* Number of bits defined above. */
69 #define RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND	 \
70 	(RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ | RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | \
71 	 RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
72 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS 0x7	/* Maximum reader extensions. */
73 					/* Must be power of two minus one. */
74 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS (RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS + 3)
75 
76 torture_param(int, extendables, RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
77 	      "Extend readers by disabling bh (1), irqs (2), or preempt (4)");
78 torture_param(int, fqs_duration, 0,
79 	      "Duration of fqs bursts (us), 0 to disable");
80 torture_param(int, fqs_holdoff, 0, "Holdoff time within fqs bursts (us)");
81 torture_param(int, fqs_stutter, 3, "Wait time between fqs bursts (s)");
82 torture_param(int, fwd_progress, 1, "Test grace-period forward progress");
83 torture_param(int, fwd_progress_div, 4, "Fraction of CPU stall to wait");
84 torture_param(int, fwd_progress_holdoff, 60,
85 	      "Time between forward-progress tests (s)");
86 torture_param(bool, fwd_progress_need_resched, 1,
87 	      "Hide cond_resched() behind need_resched()");
88 torture_param(bool, gp_cond, false, "Use conditional/async GP wait primitives");
89 torture_param(bool, gp_exp, false, "Use expedited GP wait primitives");
90 torture_param(bool, gp_normal, false,
91 	     "Use normal (non-expedited) GP wait primitives");
92 torture_param(bool, gp_poll, false, "Use polling GP wait primitives");
93 torture_param(bool, gp_sync, false, "Use synchronous GP wait primitives");
94 torture_param(int, irqreader, 1, "Allow RCU readers from irq handlers");
95 torture_param(int, leakpointer, 0, "Leak pointer dereferences from readers");
96 torture_param(int, n_barrier_cbs, 0,
97 	     "# of callbacks/kthreads for barrier testing");
98 torture_param(int, nfakewriters, 4, "Number of RCU fake writer threads");
99 torture_param(int, nreaders, -1, "Number of RCU reader threads");
100 torture_param(int, object_debug, 0,
101 	     "Enable debug-object double call_rcu() testing");
102 torture_param(int, onoff_holdoff, 0, "Time after boot before CPU hotplugs (s)");
103 torture_param(int, onoff_interval, 0,
104 	     "Time between CPU hotplugs (jiffies), 0=disable");
105 torture_param(int, nocbs_nthreads, 0, "Number of NOCB toggle threads, 0 to disable");
106 torture_param(int, nocbs_toggle, 1000, "Time between toggling nocb state (ms)");
107 torture_param(int, read_exit_delay, 13,
108 	      "Delay between read-then-exit episodes (s)");
109 torture_param(int, read_exit_burst, 16,
110 	      "# of read-then-exit bursts per episode, zero to disable");
111 torture_param(int, shuffle_interval, 3, "Number of seconds between shuffles");
112 torture_param(int, shutdown_secs, 0, "Shutdown time (s), <= zero to disable.");
113 torture_param(int, stall_cpu, 0, "Stall duration (s), zero to disable.");
114 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_holdoff, 10,
115 	     "Time to wait before starting stall (s).");
116 torture_param(bool, stall_no_softlockup, false,
117 	     "Avoid softlockup warning during cpu stall.");
118 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_irqsoff, 0, "Disable interrupts while stalling.");
119 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_block, 0, "Sleep while stalling.");
120 torture_param(int, stall_gp_kthread, 0,
121 	      "Grace-period kthread stall duration (s).");
122 torture_param(int, stat_interval, 60,
123 	     "Number of seconds between stats printk()s");
124 torture_param(int, stutter, 5, "Number of seconds to run/halt test");
125 torture_param(int, test_boost, 1, "Test RCU prio boost: 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.");
126 torture_param(int, test_boost_duration, 4,
127 	     "Duration of each boost test, seconds.");
128 torture_param(int, test_boost_interval, 7,
129 	     "Interval between boost tests, seconds.");
130 torture_param(bool, test_no_idle_hz, true,
131 	     "Test support for tickless idle CPUs");
132 torture_param(int, verbose, 1,
133 	     "Enable verbose debugging printk()s");
134 
135 static char *torture_type = "rcu";
136 module_param(torture_type, charp, 0444);
137 MODULE_PARM_DESC(torture_type, "Type of RCU to torture (rcu, srcu, ...)");
138 
139 static int nrealnocbers;
140 static int nrealreaders;
141 static struct task_struct *writer_task;
142 static struct task_struct **fakewriter_tasks;
143 static struct task_struct **reader_tasks;
144 static struct task_struct **nocb_tasks;
145 static struct task_struct *stats_task;
146 static struct task_struct *fqs_task;
147 static struct task_struct *boost_tasks[NR_CPUS];
148 static struct task_struct *stall_task;
149 static struct task_struct **fwd_prog_tasks;
150 static struct task_struct **barrier_cbs_tasks;
151 static struct task_struct *barrier_task;
152 static struct task_struct *read_exit_task;
153 
154 #define RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN 10
155 
156 // Mailbox-like structure to check RCU global memory ordering.
157 struct rcu_torture_reader_check {
158 	unsigned long rtc_myloops;
159 	int rtc_chkrdr;
160 	unsigned long rtc_chkloops;
161 	int rtc_ready;
162 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtc_assigner;
163 } ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
164 
165 // Update-side data structure used to check RCU readers.
166 struct rcu_torture {
167 	struct rcu_head rtort_rcu;
168 	int rtort_pipe_count;
169 	struct list_head rtort_free;
170 	int rtort_mbtest;
171 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtort_chkp;
172 };
173 
174 static LIST_HEAD(rcu_torture_freelist);
175 static struct rcu_torture __rcu *rcu_torture_current;
176 static unsigned long rcu_torture_current_version;
177 static struct rcu_torture rcu_tortures[10 * RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN];
178 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(rcu_torture_lock);
179 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_count);
180 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_batch);
181 static atomic_t rcu_torture_wcount[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1];
182 static struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rcu_torture_reader_mbchk;
183 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc;
184 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail;
185 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_free;
186 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mberror;
187 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail;
188 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries;
189 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_error;
190 static long n_rcu_torture_barrier_error;
191 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror;
192 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror;
193 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_failure;
194 static long n_rcu_torture_boosts;
195 static atomic_long_t n_rcu_torture_timers;
196 static long n_barrier_attempts;
197 static long n_barrier_successes; /* did rcu_barrier test succeed? */
198 static unsigned long n_read_exits;
199 static struct list_head rcu_torture_removed;
200 static unsigned long shutdown_jiffies;
201 static unsigned long start_gp_seq;
202 static atomic_long_t n_nocb_offload;
203 static atomic_long_t n_nocb_deoffload;
204 
205 static int rcu_torture_writer_state;
206 #define RTWS_FIXED_DELAY	0
207 #define RTWS_DELAY		1
208 #define RTWS_REPLACE		2
209 #define RTWS_DEF_FREE		3
210 #define RTWS_EXP_SYNC		4
211 #define RTWS_COND_GET		5
212 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC		6
213 #define RTWS_POLL_GET		7
214 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT		8
215 #define RTWS_SYNC		9
216 #define RTWS_STUTTER		10
217 #define RTWS_STOPPING		11
218 static const char * const rcu_torture_writer_state_names[] = {
219 	"RTWS_FIXED_DELAY",
220 	"RTWS_DELAY",
221 	"RTWS_REPLACE",
222 	"RTWS_DEF_FREE",
223 	"RTWS_EXP_SYNC",
224 	"RTWS_COND_GET",
225 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC",
226 	"RTWS_POLL_GET",
227 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT",
228 	"RTWS_SYNC",
229 	"RTWS_STUTTER",
230 	"RTWS_STOPPING",
231 };
232 
233 /* Record reader segment types and duration for first failing read. */
234 struct rt_read_seg {
235 	int rt_readstate;
236 	unsigned long rt_delay_jiffies;
237 	unsigned long rt_delay_ms;
238 	unsigned long rt_delay_us;
239 	bool rt_preempted;
240 };
241 static int err_segs_recorded;
242 static struct rt_read_seg err_segs[RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS];
243 static int rt_read_nsegs;
244 
245 static const char *rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(void)
246 {
247 	unsigned int i = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_writer_state);
248 
249 	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_torture_writer_state_names))
250 		return "???";
251 	return rcu_torture_writer_state_names[i];
252 }
253 
254 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE
255 static u64 notrace rcu_trace_clock_local(void)
256 {
257 	u64 ts = trace_clock_local();
258 
259 	(void)do_div(ts, NSEC_PER_USEC);
260 	return ts;
261 }
262 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE */
263 static u64 notrace rcu_trace_clock_local(void)
264 {
265 	return 0ULL;
266 }
267 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE */
268 
269 /*
270  * Stop aggressive CPU-hog tests a bit before the end of the test in order
271  * to avoid interfering with test shutdown.
272  */
273 static bool shutdown_time_arrived(void)
274 {
275 	return shutdown_secs && time_after(jiffies, shutdown_jiffies - 30 * HZ);
276 }
277 
278 static unsigned long boost_starttime;	/* jiffies of next boost test start. */
279 static DEFINE_MUTEX(boost_mutex);	/* protect setting boost_starttime */
280 					/*  and boost task create/destroy. */
281 static atomic_t barrier_cbs_count;	/* Barrier callbacks registered. */
282 static bool barrier_phase;		/* Test phase. */
283 static atomic_t barrier_cbs_invoked;	/* Barrier callbacks invoked. */
284 static wait_queue_head_t *barrier_cbs_wq; /* Coordinate barrier testing. */
285 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(barrier_wq);
286 
287 static atomic_t rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay;	/* Short rcu_torture_delay() delays. */
288 
289 /*
290  * Allocate an element from the rcu_tortures pool.
291  */
292 static struct rcu_torture *
293 rcu_torture_alloc(void)
294 {
295 	struct list_head *p;
296 
297 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
298 	if (list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist)) {
299 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail);
300 		spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
301 		return NULL;
302 	}
303 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc);
304 	p = rcu_torture_freelist.next;
305 	list_del_init(p);
306 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
307 	return container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_free);
308 }
309 
310 /*
311  * Free an element to the rcu_tortures pool.
312  */
313 static void
314 rcu_torture_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
315 {
316 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_free);
317 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
318 	list_add_tail(&p->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_freelist);
319 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
320 }
321 
322 /*
323  * Operations vector for selecting different types of tests.
324  */
325 
326 struct rcu_torture_ops {
327 	int ttype;
328 	void (*init)(void);
329 	void (*cleanup)(void);
330 	int (*readlock)(void);
331 	void (*read_delay)(struct torture_random_state *rrsp,
332 			   struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp);
333 	void (*readunlock)(int idx);
334 	int (*readlock_held)(void);
335 	unsigned long (*get_gp_seq)(void);
336 	unsigned long (*gp_diff)(unsigned long new, unsigned long old);
337 	void (*deferred_free)(struct rcu_torture *p);
338 	void (*sync)(void);
339 	void (*exp_sync)(void);
340 	unsigned long (*get_gp_state)(void);
341 	unsigned long (*start_gp_poll)(void);
342 	bool (*poll_gp_state)(unsigned long oldstate);
343 	void (*cond_sync)(unsigned long oldstate);
344 	call_rcu_func_t call;
345 	void (*cb_barrier)(void);
346 	void (*fqs)(void);
347 	void (*stats)(void);
348 	void (*gp_kthread_dbg)(void);
349 	bool (*check_boost_failed)(unsigned long gp_state, int *cpup);
350 	int (*stall_dur)(void);
351 	long cbflood_max;
352 	int irq_capable;
353 	int can_boost;
354 	int extendables;
355 	int slow_gps;
356 	int no_pi_lock;
357 	const char *name;
358 };
359 
360 static struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops;
361 
362 /*
363  * Definitions for rcu torture testing.
364  */
365 
366 static int torture_readlock_not_held(void)
367 {
368 	return rcu_read_lock_bh_held() || rcu_read_lock_sched_held();
369 }
370 
371 static int rcu_torture_read_lock(void) __acquires(RCU)
372 {
373 	rcu_read_lock();
374 	return 0;
375 }
376 
377 static void
378 rcu_read_delay(struct torture_random_state *rrsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
379 {
380 	unsigned long started;
381 	unsigned long completed;
382 	const unsigned long shortdelay_us = 200;
383 	unsigned long longdelay_ms = 300;
384 	unsigned long long ts;
385 
386 	/* We want a short delay sometimes to make a reader delay the grace
387 	 * period, and we want a long delay occasionally to trigger
388 	 * force_quiescent_state. */
389 
390 	if (!atomic_read(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay) &&
391 	    !(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2000 * longdelay_ms))) {
392 		started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
393 		ts = rcu_trace_clock_local();
394 		if (preempt_count() & (SOFTIRQ_MASK | HARDIRQ_MASK))
395 			longdelay_ms = 5; /* Avoid triggering BH limits. */
396 		mdelay(longdelay_ms);
397 		rtrsp->rt_delay_ms = longdelay_ms;
398 		completed = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
399 		do_trace_rcu_torture_read(cur_ops->name, NULL, ts,
400 					  started, completed);
401 	}
402 	if (!(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2 * shortdelay_us))) {
403 		udelay(shortdelay_us);
404 		rtrsp->rt_delay_us = shortdelay_us;
405 	}
406 	if (!preempt_count() &&
407 	    !(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 500))) {
408 		torture_preempt_schedule();  /* QS only if preemptible. */
409 		rtrsp->rt_preempted = true;
410 	}
411 }
412 
413 static void rcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(RCU)
414 {
415 	rcu_read_unlock();
416 }
417 
418 /*
419  * Update callback in the pipe.  This should be invoked after a grace period.
420  */
421 static bool
422 rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(struct rcu_torture *rp)
423 {
424 	int i;
425 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp = READ_ONCE(rp->rtort_chkp);
426 
427 	if (rtrcp) {
428 		WRITE_ONCE(rp->rtort_chkp, NULL);
429 		smp_store_release(&rtrcp->rtc_ready, 1); // Pair with smp_load_acquire().
430 	}
431 	i = READ_ONCE(rp->rtort_pipe_count);
432 	if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
433 		i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
434 	atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
435 	WRITE_ONCE(rp->rtort_pipe_count, i + 1);
436 	if (rp->rtort_pipe_count >= RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
437 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 0;
438 		return true;
439 	}
440 	return false;
441 }
442 
443 /*
444  * Update all callbacks in the pipe.  Suitable for synchronous grace-period
445  * primitives.
446  */
447 static void
448 rcu_torture_pipe_update(struct rcu_torture *old_rp)
449 {
450 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
451 	struct rcu_torture *rp1;
452 
453 	if (old_rp)
454 		list_add(&old_rp->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_removed);
455 	list_for_each_entry_safe(rp, rp1, &rcu_torture_removed, rtort_free) {
456 		if (rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(rp)) {
457 			list_del(&rp->rtort_free);
458 			rcu_torture_free(rp);
459 		}
460 	}
461 }
462 
463 static void
464 rcu_torture_cb(struct rcu_head *p)
465 {
466 	struct rcu_torture *rp = container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_rcu);
467 
468 	if (torture_must_stop_irq()) {
469 		/* Test is ending, just drop callbacks on the floor. */
470 		/* The next initialization will pick up the pieces. */
471 		return;
472 	}
473 	if (rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(rp))
474 		rcu_torture_free(rp);
475 	else
476 		cur_ops->deferred_free(rp);
477 }
478 
479 static unsigned long rcu_no_completed(void)
480 {
481 	return 0;
482 }
483 
484 static void rcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
485 {
486 	call_rcu(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
487 }
488 
489 static void rcu_sync_torture_init(void)
490 {
491 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_removed);
492 }
493 
494 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_ops = {
495 	.ttype			= RCU_FLAVOR,
496 	.init			= rcu_sync_torture_init,
497 	.readlock		= rcu_torture_read_lock,
498 	.read_delay		= rcu_read_delay,
499 	.readunlock		= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
500 	.readlock_held		= torture_readlock_not_held,
501 	.get_gp_seq		= rcu_get_gp_seq,
502 	.gp_diff		= rcu_seq_diff,
503 	.deferred_free		= rcu_torture_deferred_free,
504 	.sync			= synchronize_rcu,
505 	.exp_sync		= synchronize_rcu_expedited,
506 	.get_gp_state		= get_state_synchronize_rcu,
507 	.start_gp_poll		= start_poll_synchronize_rcu,
508 	.poll_gp_state		= poll_state_synchronize_rcu,
509 	.cond_sync		= cond_synchronize_rcu,
510 	.call			= call_rcu,
511 	.cb_barrier		= rcu_barrier,
512 	.fqs			= rcu_force_quiescent_state,
513 	.stats			= NULL,
514 	.gp_kthread_dbg		= show_rcu_gp_kthreads,
515 	.check_boost_failed	= rcu_check_boost_fail,
516 	.stall_dur		= rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check,
517 	.irq_capable		= 1,
518 	.can_boost		= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST),
519 	.extendables		= RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
520 	.name			= "rcu"
521 };
522 
523 /*
524  * Don't even think about trying any of these in real life!!!
525  * The names includes "busted", and they really means it!
526  * The only purpose of these functions is to provide a buggy RCU
527  * implementation to make sure that rcutorture correctly emits
528  * buggy-RCU error messages.
529  */
530 static void rcu_busted_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
531 {
532 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
533 	rcu_torture_cb(&p->rtort_rcu);
534 }
535 
536 static void synchronize_rcu_busted(void)
537 {
538 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
539 }
540 
541 static void
542 call_rcu_busted(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func)
543 {
544 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
545 	func(head);
546 }
547 
548 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_busted_ops = {
549 	.ttype		= INVALID_RCU_FLAVOR,
550 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
551 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock,
552 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
553 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
554 	.readlock_held	= torture_readlock_not_held,
555 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
556 	.deferred_free	= rcu_busted_torture_deferred_free,
557 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_busted,
558 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_busted,
559 	.call		= call_rcu_busted,
560 	.cb_barrier	= NULL,
561 	.fqs		= NULL,
562 	.stats		= NULL,
563 	.irq_capable	= 1,
564 	.name		= "busted"
565 };
566 
567 /*
568  * Definitions for srcu torture testing.
569  */
570 
571 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu_ctl);
572 static struct srcu_struct srcu_ctld;
573 static struct srcu_struct *srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl;
574 
575 static int srcu_torture_read_lock(void) __acquires(srcu_ctlp)
576 {
577 	return srcu_read_lock(srcu_ctlp);
578 }
579 
580 static void
581 srcu_read_delay(struct torture_random_state *rrsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
582 {
583 	long delay;
584 	const long uspertick = 1000000 / HZ;
585 	const long longdelay = 10;
586 
587 	/* We want there to be long-running readers, but not all the time. */
588 
589 	delay = torture_random(rrsp) %
590 		(nrealreaders * 2 * longdelay * uspertick);
591 	if (!delay && in_task()) {
592 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(longdelay);
593 		rtrsp->rt_delay_jiffies = longdelay;
594 	} else {
595 		rcu_read_delay(rrsp, rtrsp);
596 	}
597 }
598 
599 static void srcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(srcu_ctlp)
600 {
601 	srcu_read_unlock(srcu_ctlp, idx);
602 }
603 
604 static int torture_srcu_read_lock_held(void)
605 {
606 	return srcu_read_lock_held(srcu_ctlp);
607 }
608 
609 static unsigned long srcu_torture_completed(void)
610 {
611 	return srcu_batches_completed(srcu_ctlp);
612 }
613 
614 static void srcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *rp)
615 {
616 	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, &rp->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
617 }
618 
619 static void srcu_torture_synchronize(void)
620 {
621 	synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
622 }
623 
624 static unsigned long srcu_torture_get_gp_state(void)
625 {
626 	return get_state_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
627 }
628 
629 static unsigned long srcu_torture_start_gp_poll(void)
630 {
631 	return start_poll_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
632 }
633 
634 static bool srcu_torture_poll_gp_state(unsigned long oldstate)
635 {
636 	return poll_state_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp, oldstate);
637 }
638 
639 static void srcu_torture_call(struct rcu_head *head,
640 			      rcu_callback_t func)
641 {
642 	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, head, func);
643 }
644 
645 static void srcu_torture_barrier(void)
646 {
647 	srcu_barrier(srcu_ctlp);
648 }
649 
650 static void srcu_torture_stats(void)
651 {
652 	srcu_torture_stats_print(srcu_ctlp, torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
653 }
654 
655 static void srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited(void)
656 {
657 	synchronize_srcu_expedited(srcu_ctlp);
658 }
659 
660 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcu_ops = {
661 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
662 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
663 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
664 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
665 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
666 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
667 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
668 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
669 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
670 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
671 	.get_gp_state	= srcu_torture_get_gp_state,
672 	.start_gp_poll	= srcu_torture_start_gp_poll,
673 	.poll_gp_state	= srcu_torture_poll_gp_state,
674 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
675 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
676 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
677 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
678 	.irq_capable	= 1,
679 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
680 	.name		= "srcu"
681 };
682 
683 static void srcu_torture_init(void)
684 {
685 	rcu_sync_torture_init();
686 	WARN_ON(init_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld));
687 	srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctld;
688 }
689 
690 static void srcu_torture_cleanup(void)
691 {
692 	cleanup_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld);
693 	srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl; /* In case of a later rcutorture run. */
694 }
695 
696 /* As above, but dynamically allocated. */
697 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcud_ops = {
698 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
699 	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
700 	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
701 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
702 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
703 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
704 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
705 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
706 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
707 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
708 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
709 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
710 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
711 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
712 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
713 	.irq_capable	= 1,
714 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
715 	.name		= "srcud"
716 };
717 
718 /* As above, but broken due to inappropriate reader extension. */
719 static struct rcu_torture_ops busted_srcud_ops = {
720 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
721 	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
722 	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
723 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
724 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,
725 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
726 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
727 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
728 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
729 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
730 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
731 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
732 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
733 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
734 	.irq_capable	= 1,
735 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
736 	.extendables	= RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
737 	.name		= "busted_srcud"
738 };
739 
740 /*
741  * Definitions for trivial CONFIG_PREEMPT=n-only torture testing.
742  * This implementation does not necessarily work well with CPU hotplug.
743  */
744 
745 static void synchronize_rcu_trivial(void)
746 {
747 	int cpu;
748 
749 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
750 		rcutorture_sched_setaffinity(current->pid, cpumask_of(cpu));
751 		WARN_ON_ONCE(raw_smp_processor_id() != cpu);
752 	}
753 }
754 
755 static int rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial(void) __acquires(RCU)
756 {
757 	preempt_disable();
758 	return 0;
759 }
760 
761 static void rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial(int idx) __releases(RCU)
762 {
763 	preempt_enable();
764 }
765 
766 static struct rcu_torture_ops trivial_ops = {
767 	.ttype		= RCU_TRIVIAL_FLAVOR,
768 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
769 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial,
770 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
771 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial,
772 	.readlock_held	= torture_readlock_not_held,
773 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
774 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_trivial,
775 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_trivial,
776 	.fqs		= NULL,
777 	.stats		= NULL,
778 	.irq_capable	= 1,
779 	.name		= "trivial"
780 };
781 
782 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
783 
784 /*
785  * Definitions for RCU-tasks torture testing.
786  */
787 
788 static int tasks_torture_read_lock(void)
789 {
790 	return 0;
791 }
792 
793 static void tasks_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
794 {
795 }
796 
797 static void rcu_tasks_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
798 {
799 	call_rcu_tasks(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
800 }
801 
802 static void synchronize_rcu_mult_test(void)
803 {
804 	synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu_tasks, call_rcu);
805 }
806 
807 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_ops = {
808 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_FLAVOR,
809 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
810 	.readlock	= tasks_torture_read_lock,
811 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
812 	.readunlock	= tasks_torture_read_unlock,
813 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
814 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_torture_deferred_free,
815 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks,
816 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_mult_test,
817 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks,
818 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks,
819 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_classic_gp_kthread,
820 	.fqs		= NULL,
821 	.stats		= NULL,
822 	.irq_capable	= 1,
823 	.slow_gps	= 1,
824 	.name		= "tasks"
825 };
826 
827 #define TASKS_OPS &tasks_ops,
828 
829 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
830 
831 #define TASKS_OPS
832 
833 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
834 
835 
836 /*
837  * Definitions for rude RCU-tasks torture testing.
838  */
839 
840 static void rcu_tasks_rude_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
841 {
842 	call_rcu_tasks_rude(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
843 }
844 
845 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_rude_ops = {
846 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_RUDE_FLAVOR,
847 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
848 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial,
849 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
850 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial,
851 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
852 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_rude_torture_deferred_free,
853 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
854 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
855 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks_rude,
856 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks_rude,
857 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_rude_gp_kthread,
858 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
859 	.fqs		= NULL,
860 	.stats		= NULL,
861 	.irq_capable	= 1,
862 	.name		= "tasks-rude"
863 };
864 
865 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
866 
867 /*
868  * Definitions for tracing RCU-tasks torture testing.
869  */
870 
871 static int tasks_tracing_torture_read_lock(void)
872 {
873 	rcu_read_lock_trace();
874 	return 0;
875 }
876 
877 static void tasks_tracing_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
878 {
879 	rcu_read_unlock_trace();
880 }
881 
882 static void rcu_tasks_tracing_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
883 {
884 	call_rcu_tasks_trace(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
885 }
886 
887 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_tracing_ops = {
888 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_TRACING_FLAVOR,
889 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
890 	.readlock	= tasks_tracing_torture_read_lock,
891 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse srcu's version. */
892 	.readunlock	= tasks_tracing_torture_read_unlock,
893 	.readlock_held	= rcu_read_lock_trace_held,
894 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
895 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_tracing_torture_deferred_free,
896 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
897 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
898 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks_trace,
899 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks_trace,
900 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_trace_gp_kthread,
901 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
902 	.fqs		= NULL,
903 	.stats		= NULL,
904 	.irq_capable	= 1,
905 	.slow_gps	= 1,
906 	.name		= "tasks-tracing"
907 };
908 
909 #define TASKS_TRACING_OPS &tasks_tracing_ops,
910 
911 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
912 
913 #define TASKS_TRACING_OPS
914 
915 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
916 
917 
918 static unsigned long rcutorture_seq_diff(unsigned long new, unsigned long old)
919 {
920 	if (!cur_ops->gp_diff)
921 		return new - old;
922 	return cur_ops->gp_diff(new, old);
923 }
924 
925 /*
926  * RCU torture priority-boost testing.  Runs one real-time thread per
927  * CPU for moderate bursts, repeatedly starting grace periods and waiting
928  * for them to complete.  If a given grace period takes too long, we assume
929  * that priority inversion has occurred.
930  */
931 
932 static int old_rt_runtime = -1;
933 
934 static void rcu_torture_disable_rt_throttle(void)
935 {
936 	/*
937 	 * Disable RT throttling so that rcutorture's boost threads don't get
938 	 * throttled. Only possible if rcutorture is built-in otherwise the
939 	 * user should manually do this by setting the sched_rt_period_us and
940 	 * sched_rt_runtime sysctls.
941 	 */
942 	if (!IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) || old_rt_runtime != -1)
943 		return;
944 
945 	old_rt_runtime = sysctl_sched_rt_runtime;
946 	sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = -1;
947 }
948 
949 static void rcu_torture_enable_rt_throttle(void)
950 {
951 	if (!IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) || old_rt_runtime == -1)
952 		return;
953 
954 	sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = old_rt_runtime;
955 	old_rt_runtime = -1;
956 }
957 
958 static bool rcu_torture_boost_failed(unsigned long gp_state, unsigned long *start)
959 {
960 	int cpu;
961 	static int dbg_done;
962 	unsigned long end = jiffies;
963 	bool gp_done;
964 	unsigned long j;
965 	static unsigned long last_persist;
966 	unsigned long lp;
967 	unsigned long mininterval = test_boost_duration * HZ - HZ / 2;
968 
969 	if (end - *start > mininterval) {
970 		// Recheck after checking time to avoid false positives.
971 		smp_mb(); // Time check before grace-period check.
972 		if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
973 			return false; // passed, though perhaps just barely
974 		if (cur_ops->check_boost_failed && !cur_ops->check_boost_failed(gp_state, &cpu)) {
975 			// At most one persisted message per boost test.
976 			j = jiffies;
977 			lp = READ_ONCE(last_persist);
978 			if (time_after(j, lp + mininterval) && cmpxchg(&last_persist, lp, j) == lp)
979 				pr_info("Boost inversion persisted: No QS from CPU %d\n", cpu);
980 			return false; // passed on a technicality
981 		}
982 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost boosting failed");
983 		n_rcu_torture_boost_failure++;
984 		if (!xchg(&dbg_done, 1) && cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg) {
985 			pr_info("Boost inversion thread ->rt_priority %u gp_state %lu jiffies %lu\n",
986 				current->rt_priority, gp_state, end - *start);
987 			cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
988 			// Recheck after print to flag grace period ending during splat.
989 			gp_done = cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state);
990 			pr_info("Boost inversion: GP %lu %s.\n", gp_state,
991 				gp_done ? "ended already" : "still pending");
992 
993 		}
994 
995 		return true; // failed
996 	} else if (cur_ops->check_boost_failed && !cur_ops->check_boost_failed(gp_state, NULL)) {
997 		*start = jiffies;
998 	}
999 
1000 	return false; // passed
1001 }
1002 
1003 static int rcu_torture_boost(void *arg)
1004 {
1005 	unsigned long endtime;
1006 	unsigned long gp_state;
1007 	unsigned long gp_state_time;
1008 	unsigned long oldstarttime;
1009 
1010 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost started");
1011 
1012 	/* Set real-time priority. */
1013 	sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1014 
1015 	/* Each pass through the following loop does one boost-test cycle. */
1016 	do {
1017 		bool failed = false; // Test failed already in this test interval
1018 		bool gp_initiated = false;
1019 
1020 		if (kthread_should_stop())
1021 			goto checkwait;
1022 
1023 		/* Wait for the next test interval. */
1024 		oldstarttime = READ_ONCE(boost_starttime);
1025 		while (time_before(jiffies, oldstarttime)) {
1026 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(oldstarttime - jiffies);
1027 			if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost"))
1028 				sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1029 			if (torture_must_stop())
1030 				goto checkwait;
1031 		}
1032 
1033 		// Do one boost-test interval.
1034 		endtime = oldstarttime + test_boost_duration * HZ;
1035 		while (time_before(jiffies, endtime)) {
1036 			// Has current GP gone too long?
1037 			if (gp_initiated && !failed && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1038 				failed = rcu_torture_boost_failed(gp_state, &gp_state_time);
1039 			// If we don't have a grace period in flight, start one.
1040 			if (!gp_initiated || cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state)) {
1041 				gp_state = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1042 				gp_initiated = true;
1043 				gp_state_time = jiffies;
1044 			}
1045 			if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost")) {
1046 				sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1047 				// If the grace period already ended,
1048 				// we don't know when that happened, so
1049 				// start over.
1050 				if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1051 					gp_initiated = false;
1052 			}
1053 			if (torture_must_stop())
1054 				goto checkwait;
1055 		}
1056 
1057 		// In case the grace period extended beyond the end of the loop.
1058 		if (gp_initiated && !failed && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1059 			rcu_torture_boost_failed(gp_state, &gp_state_time);
1060 
1061 		/*
1062 		 * Set the start time of the next test interval.
1063 		 * Yes, this is vulnerable to long delays, but such
1064 		 * delays simply cause a false negative for the next
1065 		 * interval.  Besides, we are running at RT priority,
1066 		 * so delays should be relatively rare.
1067 		 */
1068 		while (oldstarttime == READ_ONCE(boost_starttime) && !kthread_should_stop()) {
1069 			if (mutex_trylock(&boost_mutex)) {
1070 				if (oldstarttime == boost_starttime) {
1071 					WRITE_ONCE(boost_starttime,
1072 						   jiffies + test_boost_interval * HZ);
1073 					n_rcu_torture_boosts++;
1074 				}
1075 				mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
1076 				break;
1077 			}
1078 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
1079 		}
1080 
1081 		/* Go do the stutter. */
1082 checkwait:	if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost"))
1083 			sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1084 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1085 
1086 	/* Clean up and exit. */
1087 	while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
1088 		torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_boost");
1089 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
1090 	}
1091 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_boost");
1092 	return 0;
1093 }
1094 
1095 /*
1096  * RCU torture force-quiescent-state kthread.  Repeatedly induces
1097  * bursts of calls to force_quiescent_state(), increasing the probability
1098  * of occurrence of some important types of race conditions.
1099  */
1100 static int
1101 rcu_torture_fqs(void *arg)
1102 {
1103 	unsigned long fqs_resume_time;
1104 	int fqs_burst_remaining;
1105 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
1106 
1107 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fqs task started");
1108 	do {
1109 		fqs_resume_time = jiffies + fqs_stutter * HZ;
1110 		while (time_before(jiffies, fqs_resume_time) &&
1111 		       !kthread_should_stop()) {
1112 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
1113 		}
1114 		fqs_burst_remaining = fqs_duration;
1115 		while (fqs_burst_remaining > 0 &&
1116 		       !kthread_should_stop()) {
1117 			cur_ops->fqs();
1118 			udelay(fqs_holdoff);
1119 			fqs_burst_remaining -= fqs_holdoff;
1120 		}
1121 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fqs"))
1122 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
1123 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1124 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fqs");
1125 	return 0;
1126 }
1127 
1128 // Used by writers to randomly choose from the available grace-period
1129 // primitives.  The only purpose of the initialization is to size the array.
1130 static int synctype[] = { RTWS_DEF_FREE, RTWS_EXP_SYNC, RTWS_COND_GET, RTWS_POLL_GET, RTWS_SYNC };
1131 static int nsynctypes;
1132 
1133 /*
1134  * Determine which grace-period primitives are available.
1135  */
1136 static void rcu_torture_write_types(void)
1137 {
1138 	bool gp_cond1 = gp_cond, gp_exp1 = gp_exp, gp_normal1 = gp_normal;
1139 	bool gp_poll1 = gp_poll, gp_sync1 = gp_sync;
1140 
1141 	/* Initialize synctype[] array.  If none set, take default. */
1142 	if (!gp_cond1 && !gp_exp1 && !gp_normal1 && !gp_poll1 && !gp_sync1)
1143 		gp_cond1 = gp_exp1 = gp_normal1 = gp_poll1 = gp_sync1 = true;
1144 	if (gp_cond1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->cond_sync) {
1145 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET;
1146 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional GPs.\n", __func__);
1147 	} else if (gp_cond && (!cur_ops->get_gp_state || !cur_ops->cond_sync)) {
1148 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond without primitives.\n", __func__);
1149 	}
1150 	if (gp_exp1 && cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1151 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
1152 		pr_info("%s: Testing expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1153 	} else if (gp_exp && !cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1154 		pr_alert("%s: gp_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
1155 	}
1156 	if (gp_normal1 && cur_ops->deferred_free) {
1157 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_DEF_FREE;
1158 		pr_info("%s: Testing asynchronous GPs.\n", __func__);
1159 	} else if (gp_normal && !cur_ops->deferred_free) {
1160 		pr_alert("%s: gp_normal without primitives.\n", __func__);
1161 	}
1162 	if (gp_poll1 && cur_ops->start_gp_poll && cur_ops->poll_gp_state) {
1163 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET;
1164 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling GPs.\n", __func__);
1165 	} else if (gp_poll && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state)) {
1166 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll without primitives.\n", __func__);
1167 	}
1168 	if (gp_sync1 && cur_ops->sync) {
1169 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_SYNC;
1170 		pr_info("%s: Testing normal GPs.\n", __func__);
1171 	} else if (gp_sync && !cur_ops->sync) {
1172 		pr_alert("%s: gp_sync without primitives.\n", __func__);
1173 	}
1174 }
1175 
1176 /*
1177  * RCU torture writer kthread.  Repeatedly substitutes a new structure
1178  * for that pointed to by rcu_torture_current, freeing the old structure
1179  * after a series of grace periods (the "pipeline").
1180  */
1181 static int
1182 rcu_torture_writer(void *arg)
1183 {
1184 	bool boot_ended;
1185 	bool can_expedite = !rcu_gp_is_expedited() && !rcu_gp_is_normal();
1186 	unsigned long cookie;
1187 	int expediting = 0;
1188 	unsigned long gp_snap;
1189 	int i;
1190 	int idx;
1191 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
1192 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
1193 	struct rcu_torture *old_rp;
1194 	static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1195 	bool stutter_waited;
1196 
1197 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_writer task started");
1198 	if (!can_expedite)
1199 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
1200 			 " GP expediting controlled from boot/sysfs for %s.\n",
1201 			 torture_type, cur_ops->name);
1202 	if (WARN_ONCE(nsynctypes == 0,
1203 		      "rcu_torture_writer: No update-side primitives.\n")) {
1204 		/*
1205 		 * No updates primitives, so don't try updating.
1206 		 * The resulting test won't be testing much, hence the
1207 		 * above WARN_ONCE().
1208 		 */
1209 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
1210 		torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_writer");
1211 	}
1212 
1213 	do {
1214 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_FIXED_DELAY;
1215 		torture_hrtimeout_us(500, 1000, &rand);
1216 		rp = rcu_torture_alloc();
1217 		if (rp == NULL)
1218 			continue;
1219 		rp->rtort_pipe_count = 0;
1220 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_DELAY;
1221 		udelay(torture_random(&rand) & 0x3ff);
1222 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_REPLACE;
1223 		old_rp = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
1224 					       current == writer_task);
1225 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 1;
1226 		rcu_assign_pointer(rcu_torture_current, rp);
1227 		smp_wmb(); /* Mods to old_rp must follow rcu_assign_pointer() */
1228 		if (old_rp) {
1229 			i = old_rp->rtort_pipe_count;
1230 			if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
1231 				i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
1232 			atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
1233 			WRITE_ONCE(old_rp->rtort_pipe_count,
1234 				   old_rp->rtort_pipe_count + 1);
1235 			if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state) {
1236 				idx = cur_ops->readlock();
1237 				cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1238 				WARN_ONCE(rcu_torture_writer_state != RTWS_DEF_FREE &&
1239 					  cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie),
1240 					  "%s: Cookie check 1 failed %s(%d) %lu->%lu\n",
1241 					  __func__,
1242 					  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1243 					  rcu_torture_writer_state,
1244 					  cookie, cur_ops->get_gp_state());
1245 				cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
1246 			}
1247 			switch (synctype[torture_random(&rand) % nsynctypes]) {
1248 			case RTWS_DEF_FREE:
1249 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_DEF_FREE;
1250 				cur_ops->deferred_free(old_rp);
1251 				break;
1252 			case RTWS_EXP_SYNC:
1253 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
1254 				cur_ops->exp_sync();
1255 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1256 				break;
1257 			case RTWS_COND_GET:
1258 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET;
1259 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1260 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1261 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC;
1262 				cur_ops->cond_sync(gp_snap);
1263 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1264 				break;
1265 			case RTWS_POLL_GET:
1266 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET;
1267 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1268 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT;
1269 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_snap))
1270 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1271 								  &rand);
1272 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1273 				break;
1274 			case RTWS_SYNC:
1275 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_SYNC;
1276 				cur_ops->sync();
1277 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1278 				break;
1279 			default:
1280 				WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
1281 				break;
1282 			}
1283 		}
1284 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version,
1285 			   rcu_torture_current_version + 1);
1286 		/* Cycle through nesting levels of rcu_expedite_gp() calls. */
1287 		if (can_expedite &&
1288 		    !(torture_random(&rand) & 0xff & (!!expediting - 1))) {
1289 			WARN_ON_ONCE(expediting == 0 && rcu_gp_is_expedited());
1290 			if (expediting >= 0)
1291 				rcu_expedite_gp();
1292 			else
1293 				rcu_unexpedite_gp();
1294 			if (++expediting > 3)
1295 				expediting = -expediting;
1296 		} else if (!can_expedite) { /* Disabled during boot, recheck. */
1297 			can_expedite = !rcu_gp_is_expedited() &&
1298 				       !rcu_gp_is_normal();
1299 		}
1300 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STUTTER;
1301 		boot_ended = rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended();
1302 		stutter_waited = stutter_wait("rcu_torture_writer");
1303 		if (stutter_waited &&
1304 		    !atomic_read(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay) &&
1305 		    !cur_ops->slow_gps &&
1306 		    !torture_must_stop() &&
1307 		    boot_ended)
1308 			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_tortures); i++)
1309 				if (list_empty(&rcu_tortures[i].rtort_free) &&
1310 				    rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current) !=
1311 				    &rcu_tortures[i]) {
1312 					rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
1313 					WARN(1, "%s: rtort_pipe_count: %d\n", __func__, rcu_tortures[i].rtort_pipe_count);
1314 				}
1315 		if (stutter_waited)
1316 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
1317 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1318 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;  // Let stats task know that we are done.
1319 	/* Reset expediting back to unexpedited. */
1320 	if (expediting > 0)
1321 		expediting = -expediting;
1322 	while (can_expedite && expediting++ < 0)
1323 		rcu_unexpedite_gp();
1324 	WARN_ON_ONCE(can_expedite && rcu_gp_is_expedited());
1325 	if (!can_expedite)
1326 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
1327 			 " Dynamic grace-period expediting was disabled.\n",
1328 			 torture_type);
1329 	rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
1330 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_writer");
1331 	return 0;
1332 }
1333 
1334 /*
1335  * RCU torture fake writer kthread.  Repeatedly calls sync, with a random
1336  * delay between calls.
1337  */
1338 static int
1339 rcu_torture_fakewriter(void *arg)
1340 {
1341 	unsigned long gp_snap;
1342 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1343 
1344 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fakewriter task started");
1345 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
1346 
1347 	do {
1348 		torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 10, &rand);
1349 		if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL &&
1350 		    torture_random(&rand) % (nfakewriters * 8) == 0) {
1351 			cur_ops->cb_barrier();
1352 		} else {
1353 			switch (synctype[torture_random(&rand) % nsynctypes]) {
1354 			case RTWS_DEF_FREE:
1355 				break;
1356 			case RTWS_EXP_SYNC:
1357 				cur_ops->exp_sync();
1358 				break;
1359 			case RTWS_COND_GET:
1360 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1361 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1362 				cur_ops->cond_sync(gp_snap);
1363 				break;
1364 			case RTWS_POLL_GET:
1365 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1366 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_snap)) {
1367 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1368 								  &rand);
1369 				}
1370 				break;
1371 			case RTWS_SYNC:
1372 				cur_ops->sync();
1373 				break;
1374 			default:
1375 				WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
1376 				break;
1377 			}
1378 		}
1379 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1380 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1381 
1382 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1383 	return 0;
1384 }
1385 
1386 static void rcu_torture_timer_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
1387 {
1388 	kfree(rhp);
1389 }
1390 
1391 // Set up and carry out testing of RCU's global memory ordering
1392 static void rcu_torture_reader_do_mbchk(long myid, struct rcu_torture *rtp,
1393 					struct torture_random_state *trsp)
1394 {
1395 	unsigned long loops;
1396 	int noc = torture_num_online_cpus();
1397 	int rdrchked;
1398 	int rdrchker;
1399 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp; // Me.
1400 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_assigner; // Assigned us to do checking.
1401 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_chked; // Reader being checked.
1402 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_chker; // Reader doing checking when not me.
1403 
1404 	if (myid < 0)
1405 		return; // Don't try this from timer handlers.
1406 
1407 	// Increment my counter.
1408 	rtrcp = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[myid];
1409 	WRITE_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_myloops, rtrcp->rtc_myloops + 1);
1410 
1411 	// Attempt to assign someone else some checking work.
1412 	rdrchked = torture_random(trsp) % nrealreaders;
1413 	rtrcp_chked = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchked];
1414 	rdrchker = torture_random(trsp) % nrealreaders;
1415 	rtrcp_chker = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchker];
1416 	if (rdrchked != myid && rdrchked != rdrchker && noc >= rdrchked && noc >= rdrchker &&
1417 	    smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr) < 0 && // Pairs with smp_store_release below.
1418 	    !READ_ONCE(rtp->rtort_chkp) &&
1419 	    !smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner)) { // Pairs with smp_store_release below.
1420 		rtrcp->rtc_chkloops = READ_ONCE(rtrcp_chked->rtc_myloops);
1421 		WARN_ON_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr >= 0);
1422 		rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr = rdrchked;
1423 		WARN_ON_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_ready); // This gets set after the grace period ends.
1424 		if (cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner, NULL, rtrcp) ||
1425 		    cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtp->rtort_chkp, NULL, rtrcp))
1426 			(void)cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner, rtrcp, NULL); // Back out.
1427 	}
1428 
1429 	// If assigned some completed work, do it!
1430 	rtrcp_assigner = READ_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_assigner);
1431 	if (!rtrcp_assigner || !smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp_assigner->rtc_ready))
1432 		return; // No work or work not yet ready.
1433 	rdrchked = rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkrdr;
1434 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(rdrchked < 0))
1435 		return;
1436 	rtrcp_chked = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchked];
1437 	loops = READ_ONCE(rtrcp_chked->rtc_myloops);
1438 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries);
1439 	if (ULONG_CMP_LT(loops, rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkloops))
1440 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail);
1441 	rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkloops = loops + ULONG_MAX / 2;
1442 	rtrcp_assigner->rtc_ready = 0;
1443 	smp_store_release(&rtrcp->rtc_assigner, NULL); // Someone else can assign us work.
1444 	smp_store_release(&rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkrdr, -1); // Assigner can again assign.
1445 }
1446 
1447 /*
1448  * Do one extension of an RCU read-side critical section using the
1449  * current reader state in readstate (set to zero for initial entry
1450  * to extended critical section), set the new state as specified by
1451  * newstate (set to zero for final exit from extended critical section),
1452  * and random-number-generator state in trsp.  If this is neither the
1453  * beginning or end of the critical section and if there was actually a
1454  * change, do a ->read_delay().
1455  */
1456 static void rcutorture_one_extend(int *readstate, int newstate,
1457 				  struct torture_random_state *trsp,
1458 				  struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
1459 {
1460 	unsigned long flags;
1461 	int idxnew1 = -1;
1462 	int idxnew2 = -1;
1463 	int idxold1 = *readstate;
1464 	int idxold2 = idxold1;
1465 	int statesnew = ~*readstate & newstate;
1466 	int statesold = *readstate & ~newstate;
1467 
1468 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxold2 < 0);
1469 	WARN_ON_ONCE((idxold2 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) > 1);
1470 	rtrsp->rt_readstate = newstate;
1471 
1472 	/* First, put new protection in place to avoid critical-section gap. */
1473 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)
1474 		local_bh_disable();
1475 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)
1476 		rcu_read_lock_bh();
1477 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1478 		local_irq_disable();
1479 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT)
1480 		preempt_disable();
1481 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
1482 		rcu_read_lock_sched();
1483 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1)
1484 		idxnew1 = (cur_ops->readlock() & 0x1) << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1;
1485 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2)
1486 		idxnew2 = (cur_ops->readlock() & 0x1) << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2;
1487 
1488 	/*
1489 	 * Next, remove old protection, in decreasing order of strength
1490 	 * to avoid unlock paths that aren't safe in the stronger
1491 	 * context. Namely: BH can not be enabled with disabled interrupts.
1492 	 * Additionally PREEMPT_RT requires that BH is enabled in preemptible
1493 	 * context.
1494 	 */
1495 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1496 		local_irq_enable();
1497 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT)
1498 		preempt_enable();
1499 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
1500 		rcu_read_unlock_sched();
1501 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)
1502 		local_bh_enable();
1503 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)
1504 		rcu_read_unlock_bh();
1505 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2) {
1506 		cur_ops->readunlock((idxold2 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) & 0x1);
1507 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew2 != -1);
1508 		idxold2 = 0;
1509 	}
1510 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1) {
1511 		bool lockit;
1512 
1513 		lockit = !cur_ops->no_pi_lock && !statesnew && !(torture_random(trsp) & 0xffff);
1514 		if (lockit)
1515 			raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&current->pi_lock, flags);
1516 		cur_ops->readunlock((idxold1 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1) & 0x1);
1517 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew1 != -1);
1518 		idxold1 = 0;
1519 		if (lockit)
1520 			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&current->pi_lock, flags);
1521 	}
1522 
1523 	/* Delay if neither beginning nor end and there was a change. */
1524 	if ((statesnew || statesold) && *readstate && newstate)
1525 		cur_ops->read_delay(trsp, rtrsp);
1526 
1527 	/* Update the reader state. */
1528 	if (idxnew1 == -1)
1529 		idxnew1 = idxold1 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1;
1530 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew1 < 0);
1531 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE((idxnew1 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1) > 1))
1532 		pr_info("Unexpected idxnew1 value of %#x\n", idxnew1);
1533 	if (idxnew2 == -1)
1534 		idxnew2 = idxold2 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2;
1535 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew2 < 0);
1536 	WARN_ON_ONCE((idxnew2 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) > 1);
1537 	*readstate = idxnew1 | idxnew2 | newstate;
1538 	WARN_ON_ONCE(*readstate < 0);
1539 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE((*readstate >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) > 1))
1540 		pr_info("Unexpected idxnew2 value of %#x\n", idxnew2);
1541 }
1542 
1543 /* Return the biggest extendables mask given current RCU and boot parameters. */
1544 static int rcutorture_extend_mask_max(void)
1545 {
1546 	int mask;
1547 
1548 	WARN_ON_ONCE(extendables & ~RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND);
1549 	mask = extendables & RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND & cur_ops->extendables;
1550 	mask = mask | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1 | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2;
1551 	return mask;
1552 }
1553 
1554 /* Return a random protection state mask, but with at least one bit set. */
1555 static int
1556 rcutorture_extend_mask(int oldmask, struct torture_random_state *trsp)
1557 {
1558 	int mask = rcutorture_extend_mask_max();
1559 	unsigned long randmask1 = torture_random(trsp) >> 8;
1560 	unsigned long randmask2 = randmask1 >> 3;
1561 	unsigned long preempts = RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED;
1562 	unsigned long preempts_irq = preempts | RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ;
1563 	unsigned long bhs = RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH;
1564 
1565 	WARN_ON_ONCE(mask >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1);
1566 	/* Mostly only one bit (need preemption!), sometimes lots of bits. */
1567 	if (!(randmask1 & 0x7))
1568 		mask = mask & randmask2;
1569 	else
1570 		mask = mask & (1 << (randmask2 % RCUTORTURE_RDR_NBITS));
1571 
1572 	// Can't have nested RCU reader without outer RCU reader.
1573 	if (!(mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1) && (mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2)) {
1574 		if (oldmask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1)
1575 			mask &= ~RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2;
1576 		else
1577 			mask |= RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1;
1578 	}
1579 
1580 	/*
1581 	 * Can't enable bh w/irq disabled.
1582 	 */
1583 	if (mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1584 		mask |= oldmask & bhs;
1585 
1586 	/*
1587 	 * Ideally these sequences would be detected in debug builds
1588 	 * (regardless of RT), but until then don't stop testing
1589 	 * them on non-RT.
1590 	 */
1591 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT)) {
1592 		/* Can't modify BH in atomic context */
1593 		if (oldmask & preempts_irq)
1594 			mask &= ~bhs;
1595 		if ((oldmask | mask) & preempts_irq)
1596 			mask |= oldmask & bhs;
1597 	}
1598 
1599 	return mask ?: RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1;
1600 }
1601 
1602 /*
1603  * Do a randomly selected number of extensions of an existing RCU read-side
1604  * critical section.
1605  */
1606 static struct rt_read_seg *
1607 rcutorture_loop_extend(int *readstate, struct torture_random_state *trsp,
1608 		       struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
1609 {
1610 	int i;
1611 	int j;
1612 	int mask = rcutorture_extend_mask_max();
1613 
1614 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!*readstate); /* -Existing- RCU read-side critsect! */
1615 	if (!((mask - 1) & mask))
1616 		return rtrsp;  /* Current RCU reader not extendable. */
1617 	/* Bias towards larger numbers of loops. */
1618 	i = (torture_random(trsp) >> 3);
1619 	i = ((i | (i >> 3)) & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS) + 1;
1620 	for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
1621 		mask = rcutorture_extend_mask(*readstate, trsp);
1622 		rcutorture_one_extend(readstate, mask, trsp, &rtrsp[j]);
1623 	}
1624 	return &rtrsp[j];
1625 }
1626 
1627 /*
1628  * Do one read-side critical section, returning false if there was
1629  * no data to read.  Can be invoked both from process context and
1630  * from a timer handler.
1631  */
1632 static bool rcu_torture_one_read(struct torture_random_state *trsp, long myid)
1633 {
1634 	unsigned long cookie;
1635 	int i;
1636 	unsigned long started;
1637 	unsigned long completed;
1638 	int newstate;
1639 	struct rcu_torture *p;
1640 	int pipe_count;
1641 	int readstate = 0;
1642 	struct rt_read_seg rtseg[RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS] = { { 0 } };
1643 	struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp = &rtseg[0];
1644 	struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp1;
1645 	unsigned long long ts;
1646 
1647 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_is_watching());
1648 	newstate = rcutorture_extend_mask(readstate, trsp);
1649 	rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, newstate, trsp, rtrsp++);
1650 	if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
1651 		cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1652 	started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
1653 	ts = rcu_trace_clock_local();
1654 	p = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
1655 				  !cur_ops->readlock_held || cur_ops->readlock_held());
1656 	if (p == NULL) {
1657 		/* Wait for rcu_torture_writer to get underway */
1658 		rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, 0, trsp, rtrsp);
1659 		return false;
1660 	}
1661 	if (p->rtort_mbtest == 0)
1662 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mberror);
1663 	rcu_torture_reader_do_mbchk(myid, p, trsp);
1664 	rtrsp = rcutorture_loop_extend(&readstate, trsp, rtrsp);
1665 	preempt_disable();
1666 	pipe_count = READ_ONCE(p->rtort_pipe_count);
1667 	if (pipe_count > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
1668 		/* Should not happen, but... */
1669 		pipe_count = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
1670 	}
1671 	completed = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
1672 	if (pipe_count > 1) {
1673 		do_trace_rcu_torture_read(cur_ops->name, &p->rtort_rcu,
1674 					  ts, started, completed);
1675 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
1676 	}
1677 	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_count[pipe_count]);
1678 	completed = rcutorture_seq_diff(completed, started);
1679 	if (completed > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
1680 		/* Should not happen, but... */
1681 		completed = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
1682 	}
1683 	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_batch[completed]);
1684 	preempt_enable();
1685 	if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
1686 		WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie),
1687 			  "%s: Cookie check 2 failed %s(%d) %lu->%lu\n",
1688 			  __func__,
1689 			  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1690 			  rcu_torture_writer_state,
1691 			  cookie, cur_ops->get_gp_state());
1692 	rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, 0, trsp, rtrsp);
1693 	WARN_ON_ONCE(readstate);
1694 	// This next splat is expected behavior if leakpointer, especially
1695 	// for CONFIG_RCU_STRICT_GRACE_PERIOD=y kernels.
1696 	WARN_ON_ONCE(leakpointer && READ_ONCE(p->rtort_pipe_count) > 1);
1697 
1698 	/* If error or close call, record the sequence of reader protections. */
1699 	if ((pipe_count > 1 || completed > 1) && !xchg(&err_segs_recorded, 1)) {
1700 		i = 0;
1701 		for (rtrsp1 = &rtseg[0]; rtrsp1 < rtrsp; rtrsp1++)
1702 			err_segs[i++] = *rtrsp1;
1703 		rt_read_nsegs = i;
1704 	}
1705 
1706 	return true;
1707 }
1708 
1709 static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM_PERCPU(rcu_torture_timer_rand);
1710 
1711 /*
1712  * RCU torture reader from timer handler.  Dereferences rcu_torture_current,
1713  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
1714  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
1715  * RCU implementation is broken.
1716  */
1717 static void rcu_torture_timer(struct timer_list *unused)
1718 {
1719 	atomic_long_inc(&n_rcu_torture_timers);
1720 	(void)rcu_torture_one_read(this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_torture_timer_rand), -1);
1721 
1722 	/* Test call_rcu() invocation from interrupt handler. */
1723 	if (cur_ops->call) {
1724 		struct rcu_head *rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_NOWAIT);
1725 
1726 		if (rhp)
1727 			cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_timer_cb);
1728 	}
1729 }
1730 
1731 /*
1732  * RCU torture reader kthread.  Repeatedly dereferences rcu_torture_current,
1733  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
1734  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
1735  * RCU implementation is broken.
1736  */
1737 static int
1738 rcu_torture_reader(void *arg)
1739 {
1740 	unsigned long lastsleep = jiffies;
1741 	long myid = (long)arg;
1742 	int mynumonline = myid;
1743 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1744 	struct timer_list t;
1745 
1746 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_reader task started");
1747 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
1748 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable)
1749 		timer_setup_on_stack(&t, rcu_torture_timer, 0);
1750 	tick_dep_set_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
1751 	do {
1752 		if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable) {
1753 			if (!timer_pending(&t))
1754 				mod_timer(&t, jiffies + 1);
1755 		}
1756 		if (!rcu_torture_one_read(&rand, myid) && !torture_must_stop())
1757 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ);
1758 		if (time_after(jiffies, lastsleep) && !torture_must_stop()) {
1759 			torture_hrtimeout_us(500, 1000, &rand);
1760 			lastsleep = jiffies + 10;
1761 		}
1762 		while (torture_num_online_cpus() < mynumonline && !torture_must_stop())
1763 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 5);
1764 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_reader");
1765 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1766 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable) {
1767 		del_timer_sync(&t);
1768 		destroy_timer_on_stack(&t);
1769 	}
1770 	tick_dep_clear_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
1771 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_reader");
1772 	return 0;
1773 }
1774 
1775 /*
1776  * Randomly Toggle CPUs' callback-offload state.  This uses hrtimers to
1777  * increase race probabilities and fuzzes the interval between toggling.
1778  */
1779 static int rcu_nocb_toggle(void *arg)
1780 {
1781 	int cpu;
1782 	int maxcpu = -1;
1783 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
1784 	long r;
1785 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1786 	ktime_t toggle_delay;
1787 	unsigned long toggle_fuzz;
1788 	ktime_t toggle_interval = ms_to_ktime(nocbs_toggle);
1789 
1790 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_nocb_toggle task started");
1791 	while (!rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended())
1792 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 10);
1793 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
1794 		maxcpu = cpu;
1795 	WARN_ON(maxcpu < 0);
1796 	if (toggle_interval > ULONG_MAX)
1797 		toggle_fuzz = ULONG_MAX >> 3;
1798 	else
1799 		toggle_fuzz = toggle_interval >> 3;
1800 	if (toggle_fuzz <= 0)
1801 		toggle_fuzz = NSEC_PER_USEC;
1802 	do {
1803 		r = torture_random(&rand);
1804 		cpu = (r >> 4) % (maxcpu + 1);
1805 		if (r & 0x1) {
1806 			rcu_nocb_cpu_offload(cpu);
1807 			atomic_long_inc(&n_nocb_offload);
1808 		} else {
1809 			rcu_nocb_cpu_deoffload(cpu);
1810 			atomic_long_inc(&n_nocb_deoffload);
1811 		}
1812 		toggle_delay = torture_random(&rand) % toggle_fuzz + toggle_interval;
1813 		set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
1814 		schedule_hrtimeout(&toggle_delay, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
1815 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_nocb_toggle"))
1816 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
1817 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1818 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_nocb_toggle");
1819 	return 0;
1820 }
1821 
1822 /*
1823  * Print torture statistics.  Caller must ensure that there is only
1824  * one call to this function at a given time!!!  This is normally
1825  * accomplished by relying on the module system to only have one copy
1826  * of the module loaded, and then by giving the rcu_torture_stats
1827  * kthread full control (or the init/cleanup functions when rcu_torture_stats
1828  * thread is not running).
1829  */
1830 static void
1831 rcu_torture_stats_print(void)
1832 {
1833 	int cpu;
1834 	int i;
1835 	long pipesummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
1836 	long batchsummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
1837 	struct rcu_torture *rtcp;
1838 	static unsigned long rtcv_snap = ULONG_MAX;
1839 	static bool splatted;
1840 	struct task_struct *wtp;
1841 
1842 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
1843 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
1844 			pipesummary[i] += READ_ONCE(per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i]);
1845 			batchsummary[i] += READ_ONCE(per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i]);
1846 		}
1847 	}
1848 	for (i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
1849 		if (pipesummary[i] != 0)
1850 			break;
1851 	}
1852 
1853 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
1854 	rtcp = rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current);
1855 	pr_cont("rtc: %p %s: %lu tfle: %d rta: %d rtaf: %d rtf: %d ",
1856 		rtcp,
1857 		rtcp && !rcu_stall_is_suppressed_at_boot() ? "ver" : "VER",
1858 		rcu_torture_current_version,
1859 		list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist),
1860 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc),
1861 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail),
1862 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_free));
1863 	pr_cont("rtmbe: %d rtmbkf: %d/%d rtbe: %ld rtbke: %ld rtbre: %ld ",
1864 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror),
1865 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail), atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries),
1866 		n_rcu_torture_barrier_error,
1867 		n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror,
1868 		n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror);
1869 	pr_cont("rtbf: %ld rtb: %ld nt: %ld ",
1870 		n_rcu_torture_boost_failure,
1871 		n_rcu_torture_boosts,
1872 		atomic_long_read(&n_rcu_torture_timers));
1873 	torture_onoff_stats();
1874 	pr_cont("barrier: %ld/%ld:%ld ",
1875 		data_race(n_barrier_successes),
1876 		data_race(n_barrier_attempts),
1877 		data_race(n_rcu_torture_barrier_error));
1878 	pr_cont("read-exits: %ld ", data_race(n_read_exits)); // Statistic.
1879 	pr_cont("nocb-toggles: %ld:%ld\n",
1880 		atomic_long_read(&n_nocb_offload), atomic_long_read(&n_nocb_deoffload));
1881 
1882 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
1883 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror) ||
1884 	    atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail) ||
1885 	    n_rcu_torture_barrier_error || n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror ||
1886 	    n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror || n_rcu_torture_boost_failure ||
1887 	    i > 1) {
1888 		pr_cont("%s", "!!! ");
1889 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_error);
1890 		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror));
1891 		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail));
1892 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_barrier_error);  // rcu_barrier()
1893 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror); // no boost kthread
1894 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror); // can't set RT prio
1895 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_failure); // boost failed (TIMER_SOFTIRQ RT prio?)
1896 		WARN_ON_ONCE(i > 1); // Too-short grace period
1897 	}
1898 	pr_cont("Reader Pipe: ");
1899 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
1900 		pr_cont(" %ld", pipesummary[i]);
1901 	pr_cont("\n");
1902 
1903 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
1904 	pr_cont("Reader Batch: ");
1905 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
1906 		pr_cont(" %ld", batchsummary[i]);
1907 	pr_cont("\n");
1908 
1909 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
1910 	pr_cont("Free-Block Circulation: ");
1911 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
1912 		pr_cont(" %d", atomic_read(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]));
1913 	}
1914 	pr_cont("\n");
1915 
1916 	if (cur_ops->stats)
1917 		cur_ops->stats();
1918 	if (rtcv_snap == rcu_torture_current_version &&
1919 	    rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current) &&
1920 	    !rcu_stall_is_suppressed()) {
1921 		int __maybe_unused flags = 0;
1922 		unsigned long __maybe_unused gp_seq = 0;
1923 
1924 		rcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype,
1925 				       &flags, &gp_seq);
1926 		srcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, srcu_ctlp,
1927 					&flags, &gp_seq);
1928 		wtp = READ_ONCE(writer_task);
1929 		pr_alert("??? Writer stall state %s(%d) g%lu f%#x ->state %#x cpu %d\n",
1930 			 rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1931 			 rcu_torture_writer_state, gp_seq, flags,
1932 			 wtp == NULL ? ~0U : wtp->__state,
1933 			 wtp == NULL ? -1 : (int)task_cpu(wtp));
1934 		if (!splatted && wtp) {
1935 			sched_show_task(wtp);
1936 			splatted = true;
1937 		}
1938 		if (cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
1939 			cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
1940 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
1941 	}
1942 	rtcv_snap = rcu_torture_current_version;
1943 }
1944 
1945 /*
1946  * Periodically prints torture statistics, if periodic statistics printing
1947  * was specified via the stat_interval module parameter.
1948  */
1949 static int
1950 rcu_torture_stats(void *arg)
1951 {
1952 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stats task started");
1953 	do {
1954 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stat_interval * HZ);
1955 		rcu_torture_stats_print();
1956 		torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stats");
1957 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1958 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_stats");
1959 	return 0;
1960 }
1961 
1962 /* Test mem_dump_obj() and friends.  */
1963 static void rcu_torture_mem_dump_obj(void)
1964 {
1965 	struct rcu_head *rhp;
1966 	struct kmem_cache *kcp;
1967 	static int z;
1968 
1969 	kcp = kmem_cache_create("rcuscale", 136, 8, SLAB_STORE_USER, NULL);
1970 	rhp = kmem_cache_alloc(kcp, GFP_KERNEL);
1971 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() slab test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px, &z = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp, &z);
1972 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(ZERO_SIZE_PTR):");
1973 	mem_dump_obj(ZERO_SIZE_PTR);
1974 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(NULL):");
1975 	mem_dump_obj(NULL);
1976 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &rhp);
1977 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp);
1978 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", rhp);
1979 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
1980 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &rhp->func);
1981 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
1982 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &z);
1983 	mem_dump_obj(&z);
1984 	kmem_cache_free(kcp, rhp);
1985 	kmem_cache_destroy(kcp);
1986 	rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_KERNEL);
1987 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() kmalloc test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp);
1988 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(kmalloc %px):", rhp);
1989 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
1990 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(kmalloc %px):", &rhp->func);
1991 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
1992 	kfree(rhp);
1993 	rhp = vmalloc(4096);
1994 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() vmalloc test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp);
1995 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(vmalloc %px):", rhp);
1996 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
1997 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(vmalloc %px):", &rhp->func);
1998 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
1999 	vfree(rhp);
2000 }
2001 
2002 static void
2003 rcu_torture_print_module_parms(struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops, const char *tag)
2004 {
2005 	pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
2006 		 "--- %s: nreaders=%d nfakewriters=%d "
2007 		 "stat_interval=%d verbose=%d test_no_idle_hz=%d "
2008 		 "shuffle_interval=%d stutter=%d irqreader=%d "
2009 		 "fqs_duration=%d fqs_holdoff=%d fqs_stutter=%d "
2010 		 "test_boost=%d/%d test_boost_interval=%d "
2011 		 "test_boost_duration=%d shutdown_secs=%d "
2012 		 "stall_cpu=%d stall_cpu_holdoff=%d stall_cpu_irqsoff=%d "
2013 		 "stall_cpu_block=%d "
2014 		 "n_barrier_cbs=%d "
2015 		 "onoff_interval=%d onoff_holdoff=%d "
2016 		 "read_exit_delay=%d read_exit_burst=%d "
2017 		 "nocbs_nthreads=%d nocbs_toggle=%d\n",
2018 		 torture_type, tag, nrealreaders, nfakewriters,
2019 		 stat_interval, verbose, test_no_idle_hz, shuffle_interval,
2020 		 stutter, irqreader, fqs_duration, fqs_holdoff, fqs_stutter,
2021 		 test_boost, cur_ops->can_boost,
2022 		 test_boost_interval, test_boost_duration, shutdown_secs,
2023 		 stall_cpu, stall_cpu_holdoff, stall_cpu_irqsoff,
2024 		 stall_cpu_block,
2025 		 n_barrier_cbs,
2026 		 onoff_interval, onoff_holdoff,
2027 		 read_exit_delay, read_exit_burst,
2028 		 nocbs_nthreads, nocbs_toggle);
2029 }
2030 
2031 static int rcutorture_booster_cleanup(unsigned int cpu)
2032 {
2033 	struct task_struct *t;
2034 
2035 	if (boost_tasks[cpu] == NULL)
2036 		return 0;
2037 	mutex_lock(&boost_mutex);
2038 	t = boost_tasks[cpu];
2039 	boost_tasks[cpu] = NULL;
2040 	rcu_torture_enable_rt_throttle();
2041 	mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2042 
2043 	/* This must be outside of the mutex, otherwise deadlock! */
2044 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_boost, t);
2045 	return 0;
2046 }
2047 
2048 static int rcutorture_booster_init(unsigned int cpu)
2049 {
2050 	int retval;
2051 
2052 	if (boost_tasks[cpu] != NULL)
2053 		return 0;  /* Already created, nothing more to do. */
2054 
2055 	/* Don't allow time recalculation while creating a new task. */
2056 	mutex_lock(&boost_mutex);
2057 	rcu_torture_disable_rt_throttle();
2058 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Creating rcu_torture_boost task");
2059 	boost_tasks[cpu] = kthread_run_on_cpu(rcu_torture_boost, NULL,
2060 					      cpu, "rcu_torture_boost_%u");
2061 	if (IS_ERR(boost_tasks[cpu])) {
2062 		retval = PTR_ERR(boost_tasks[cpu]);
2063 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost task create failed");
2064 		n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror++;
2065 		boost_tasks[cpu] = NULL;
2066 		mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2067 		return retval;
2068 	}
2069 	mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2070 	return 0;
2071 }
2072 
2073 /*
2074  * CPU-stall kthread.  It waits as specified by stall_cpu_holdoff, then
2075  * induces a CPU stall for the time specified by stall_cpu.
2076  */
2077 static int rcu_torture_stall(void *args)
2078 {
2079 	int idx;
2080 	unsigned long stop_at;
2081 
2082 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall task started");
2083 	if (stall_cpu_holdoff > 0) {
2084 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin holdoff");
2085 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stall_cpu_holdoff * HZ);
2086 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall end holdoff");
2087 	}
2088 	if (!kthread_should_stop() && stall_gp_kthread > 0) {
2089 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin GP stall");
2090 		rcu_gp_set_torture_wait(stall_gp_kthread * HZ);
2091 		for (idx = 0; idx < stall_gp_kthread + 2; idx++) {
2092 			if (kthread_should_stop())
2093 				break;
2094 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
2095 		}
2096 	}
2097 	if (!kthread_should_stop() && stall_cpu > 0) {
2098 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin CPU stall");
2099 		stop_at = ktime_get_seconds() + stall_cpu;
2100 		/* RCU CPU stall is expected behavior in following code. */
2101 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
2102 		if (stall_cpu_irqsoff)
2103 			local_irq_disable();
2104 		else if (!stall_cpu_block)
2105 			preempt_disable();
2106 		pr_alert("%s start on CPU %d.\n",
2107 			  __func__, raw_smp_processor_id());
2108 		while (ULONG_CMP_LT((unsigned long)ktime_get_seconds(),
2109 				    stop_at))
2110 			if (stall_cpu_block) {
2111 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPTION
2112 				preempt_schedule();
2113 #else
2114 				schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
2115 #endif
2116 			} else if (stall_no_softlockup) {
2117 				touch_softlockup_watchdog();
2118 			}
2119 		if (stall_cpu_irqsoff)
2120 			local_irq_enable();
2121 		else if (!stall_cpu_block)
2122 			preempt_enable();
2123 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
2124 	}
2125 	pr_alert("%s end.\n", __func__);
2126 	torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stall");
2127 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
2128 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(10 * HZ);
2129 	return 0;
2130 }
2131 
2132 /* Spawn CPU-stall kthread, if stall_cpu specified. */
2133 static int __init rcu_torture_stall_init(void)
2134 {
2135 	if (stall_cpu <= 0 && stall_gp_kthread <= 0)
2136 		return 0;
2137 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_stall, NULL, stall_task);
2138 }
2139 
2140 /* State structure for forward-progress self-propagating RCU callback. */
2141 struct fwd_cb_state {
2142 	struct rcu_head rh;
2143 	int stop;
2144 };
2145 
2146 /*
2147  * Forward-progress self-propagating RCU callback function.  Because
2148  * callbacks run from softirq, this function is an implicit RCU read-side
2149  * critical section.
2150  */
2151 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
2152 {
2153 	struct fwd_cb_state *fcsp = container_of(rhp, struct fwd_cb_state, rh);
2154 
2155 	if (READ_ONCE(fcsp->stop)) {
2156 		WRITE_ONCE(fcsp->stop, 2);
2157 		return;
2158 	}
2159 	cur_ops->call(&fcsp->rh, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb);
2160 }
2161 
2162 /* State for continuous-flood RCU callbacks. */
2163 struct rcu_fwd_cb {
2164 	struct rcu_head rh;
2165 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfc_next;
2166 	struct rcu_fwd *rfc_rfp;
2167 	int rfc_gps;
2168 };
2169 
2170 #define MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES	(8 * HZ) /* Maximum CB test duration. */
2171 #define MIN_FWD_CB_LAUNDERS	3	/* This many CB invocations to count. */
2172 #define MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED	100	/* Number of counted CBs. */
2173 #define FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV	10	/* Histogram buckets/second. */
2174 #define N_LAUNDERS_HIST (2 * MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES / (HZ / FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV))
2175 
2176 struct rcu_launder_hist {
2177 	long n_launders;
2178 	unsigned long launder_gp_seq;
2179 };
2180 
2181 struct rcu_fwd {
2182 	spinlock_t rcu_fwd_lock;
2183 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2184 	struct rcu_fwd_cb **rcu_fwd_cb_tail;
2185 	long n_launders_cb;
2186 	unsigned long rcu_fwd_startat;
2187 	struct rcu_launder_hist n_launders_hist[N_LAUNDERS_HIST];
2188 	unsigned long rcu_launder_gp_seq_start;
2189 	int rcu_fwd_id;
2190 };
2191 
2192 static DEFINE_MUTEX(rcu_fwd_mutex);
2193 static struct rcu_fwd *rcu_fwds;
2194 static unsigned long rcu_fwd_seq;
2195 static atomic_long_t rcu_fwd_max_cbs;
2196 static bool rcu_fwd_emergency_stop;
2197 
2198 static void rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
2199 {
2200 	unsigned long gps;
2201 	unsigned long gps_old;
2202 	int i;
2203 	int j;
2204 
2205 	for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist) - 1; i > 0; i--)
2206 		if (rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders > 0)
2207 			break;
2208 	pr_alert("%s: Callback-invocation histogram %d (duration %lu jiffies):",
2209 		 __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id, jiffies - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat);
2210 	gps_old = rfp->rcu_launder_gp_seq_start;
2211 	for (j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
2212 		gps = rfp->n_launders_hist[j].launder_gp_seq;
2213 		pr_cont(" %ds/%d: %ld:%ld",
2214 			j + 1, FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV,
2215 			rfp->n_launders_hist[j].n_launders,
2216 			rcutorture_seq_diff(gps, gps_old));
2217 		gps_old = gps;
2218 	}
2219 	pr_cont("\n");
2220 }
2221 
2222 /* Callback function for continuous-flood RCU callbacks. */
2223 static void rcu_torture_fwd_cb_cr(struct rcu_head *rhp)
2224 {
2225 	unsigned long flags;
2226 	int i;
2227 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp = container_of(rhp, struct rcu_fwd_cb, rh);
2228 	struct rcu_fwd_cb **rfcpp;
2229 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp = rfcp->rfc_rfp;
2230 
2231 	rfcp->rfc_next = NULL;
2232 	rfcp->rfc_gps++;
2233 	spin_lock_irqsave(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2234 	rfcpp = rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail;
2235 	rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfcp->rfc_next;
2236 	WRITE_ONCE(*rfcpp, rfcp);
2237 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->n_launders_cb, rfp->n_launders_cb + 1);
2238 	i = ((jiffies - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat) / (HZ / FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV));
2239 	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist))
2240 		i = ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist) - 1;
2241 	rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders++;
2242 	rfp->n_launders_hist[i].launder_gp_seq = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2243 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2244 }
2245 
2246 // Give the scheduler a chance, even on nohz_full CPUs.
2247 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(unsigned long iter)
2248 {
2249 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPTION) && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL)) {
2250 		// Real call_rcu() floods hit userspace, so emulate that.
2251 		if (need_resched() || (iter & 0xfff))
2252 			schedule();
2253 		return;
2254 	}
2255 	// No userspace emulation: CB invocation throttles call_rcu()
2256 	cond_resched();
2257 }
2258 
2259 /*
2260  * Free all callbacks on the rcu_fwd_cb_head list, either because the
2261  * test is over or because we hit an OOM event.
2262  */
2263 static unsigned long rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
2264 {
2265 	unsigned long flags;
2266 	unsigned long freed = 0;
2267 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp;
2268 
2269 	for (;;) {
2270 		spin_lock_irqsave(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2271 		rfcp = rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2272 		if (!rfcp) {
2273 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2274 			break;
2275 		}
2276 		rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head = rfcp->rfc_next;
2277 		if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head)
2278 			rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2279 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2280 		kfree(rfcp);
2281 		freed++;
2282 		rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(freed);
2283 		if (tick_nohz_full_enabled()) {
2284 			local_irq_save(flags);
2285 			rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle();
2286 			local_irq_restore(flags);
2287 		}
2288 	}
2289 	return freed;
2290 }
2291 
2292 /* Carry out need_resched()/cond_resched() forward-progress testing. */
2293 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_nr(struct rcu_fwd *rfp,
2294 				    int *tested, int *tested_tries)
2295 {
2296 	unsigned long cver;
2297 	unsigned long dur;
2298 	struct fwd_cb_state fcs;
2299 	unsigned long gps;
2300 	int idx;
2301 	int sd;
2302 	int sd4;
2303 	bool selfpropcb = false;
2304 	unsigned long stopat;
2305 	static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(trs);
2306 
2307 	pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2308 	if (!cur_ops->sync)
2309 		return; // Cannot do need_resched() forward progress testing without ->sync.
2310 	if (cur_ops->call && cur_ops->cb_barrier) {
2311 		init_rcu_head_on_stack(&fcs.rh);
2312 		selfpropcb = true;
2313 	}
2314 
2315 	/* Tight loop containing cond_resched(). */
2316 	atomic_inc(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2317 	cur_ops->sync(); /* Later readers see above write. */
2318 	if  (selfpropcb) {
2319 		WRITE_ONCE(fcs.stop, 0);
2320 		cur_ops->call(&fcs.rh, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb);
2321 	}
2322 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version);
2323 	gps = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2324 	sd = cur_ops->stall_dur() + 1;
2325 	sd4 = (sd + fwd_progress_div - 1) / fwd_progress_div;
2326 	dur = sd4 + torture_random(&trs) % (sd - sd4);
2327 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies);
2328 	stopat = rfp->rcu_fwd_startat + dur;
2329 	while (time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2330 	       !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2331 	       !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2332 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
2333 		udelay(10);
2334 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
2335 		if (!fwd_progress_need_resched || need_resched())
2336 			cond_resched();
2337 	}
2338 	(*tested_tries)++;
2339 	if (!time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2340 	    !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2341 	    !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2342 		(*tested)++;
2343 		cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version) - cver;
2344 		gps = rcutorture_seq_diff(cur_ops->get_gp_seq(), gps);
2345 		WARN_ON(!cver && gps < 2);
2346 		pr_alert("%s: %d Duration %ld cver %ld gps %ld\n", __func__,
2347 			 rfp->rcu_fwd_id, dur, cver, gps);
2348 	}
2349 	if (selfpropcb) {
2350 		WRITE_ONCE(fcs.stop, 1);
2351 		cur_ops->sync(); /* Wait for running CB to complete. */
2352 		pr_alert("%s: Waiting for CBs: %pS() %d\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2353 		cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Wait for queued callbacks. */
2354 	}
2355 
2356 	if (selfpropcb) {
2357 		WARN_ON(READ_ONCE(fcs.stop) != 2);
2358 		destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&fcs.rh);
2359 	}
2360 	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 10); /* Let kthreads recover. */
2361 	atomic_dec(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2362 }
2363 
2364 /* Carry out call_rcu() forward-progress testing. */
2365 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cr(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
2366 {
2367 	unsigned long cver;
2368 	unsigned long flags;
2369 	unsigned long gps;
2370 	int i;
2371 	long n_launders;
2372 	long n_launders_cb_snap;
2373 	long n_launders_sa;
2374 	long n_max_cbs;
2375 	long n_max_gps;
2376 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp;
2377 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcpn;
2378 	unsigned long stopat;
2379 	unsigned long stoppedat;
2380 
2381 	pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2382 	if (READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop))
2383 		return; /* Get out of the way quickly, no GP wait! */
2384 	if (!cur_ops->call)
2385 		return; /* Can't do call_rcu() fwd prog without ->call. */
2386 
2387 	/* Loop continuously posting RCU callbacks. */
2388 	atomic_inc(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2389 	cur_ops->sync(); /* Later readers see above write. */
2390 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies);
2391 	stopat = rfp->rcu_fwd_startat + MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES;
2392 	n_launders = 0;
2393 	rfp->n_launders_cb = 0; // Hoist initialization for multi-kthread
2394 	n_launders_sa = 0;
2395 	n_max_cbs = 0;
2396 	n_max_gps = 0;
2397 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist); i++)
2398 		rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders = 0;
2399 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version);
2400 	gps = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2401 	rfp->rcu_launder_gp_seq_start = gps;
2402 	tick_dep_set_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2403 	while (time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2404 	       !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2405 	       !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2406 		rfcp = READ_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head);
2407 		rfcpn = NULL;
2408 		if (rfcp)
2409 			rfcpn = READ_ONCE(rfcp->rfc_next);
2410 		if (rfcpn) {
2411 			if (rfcp->rfc_gps >= MIN_FWD_CB_LAUNDERS &&
2412 			    ++n_max_gps >= MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED)
2413 				break;
2414 			rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head = rfcpn;
2415 			n_launders++;
2416 			n_launders_sa++;
2417 		} else if (!cur_ops->cbflood_max || cur_ops->cbflood_max > n_max_cbs) {
2418 			rfcp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rfcp), GFP_KERNEL);
2419 			if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rfcp)) {
2420 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
2421 				continue;
2422 			}
2423 			n_max_cbs++;
2424 			n_launders_sa = 0;
2425 			rfcp->rfc_gps = 0;
2426 			rfcp->rfc_rfp = rfp;
2427 		} else {
2428 			rfcp = NULL;
2429 		}
2430 		if (rfcp)
2431 			cur_ops->call(&rfcp->rh, rcu_torture_fwd_cb_cr);
2432 		rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(n_launders + n_max_cbs);
2433 		if (tick_nohz_full_enabled()) {
2434 			local_irq_save(flags);
2435 			rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle();
2436 			local_irq_restore(flags);
2437 		}
2438 	}
2439 	stoppedat = jiffies;
2440 	n_launders_cb_snap = READ_ONCE(rfp->n_launders_cb);
2441 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version) - cver;
2442 	gps = rcutorture_seq_diff(cur_ops->get_gp_seq(), gps);
2443 	pr_alert("%s: Waiting for CBs: %pS() %d\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2444 	cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Wait for callbacks to be invoked. */
2445 	(void)rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(rfp);
2446 
2447 	if (!torture_must_stop() && !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) &&
2448 	    !shutdown_time_arrived()) {
2449 		WARN_ON(n_max_gps < MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED);
2450 		pr_alert("%s Duration %lu barrier: %lu pending %ld n_launders: %ld n_launders_sa: %ld n_max_gps: %ld n_max_cbs: %ld cver %ld gps %ld\n",
2451 			 __func__,
2452 			 stoppedat - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies - stoppedat,
2453 			 n_launders + n_max_cbs - n_launders_cb_snap,
2454 			 n_launders, n_launders_sa,
2455 			 n_max_gps, n_max_cbs, cver, gps);
2456 		atomic_long_add(n_max_cbs, &rcu_fwd_max_cbs);
2457 		mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex); // Serialize histograms.
2458 		rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(rfp);
2459 		mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2460 	}
2461 	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ); /* Let CBs drain. */
2462 	tick_dep_clear_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2463 	atomic_dec(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2464 }
2465 
2466 
2467 /*
2468  * OOM notifier, but this only prints diagnostic information for the
2469  * current forward-progress test.
2470  */
2471 static int rcutorture_oom_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
2472 				 unsigned long notused, void *nfreed)
2473 {
2474 	int i;
2475 	long ncbs;
2476 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
2477 
2478 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2479 	rfp = rcu_fwds;
2480 	if (!rfp) {
2481 		mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2482 		return NOTIFY_OK;
2483 	}
2484 	WARN(1, "%s invoked upon OOM during forward-progress testing.\n",
2485 	     __func__);
2486 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
2487 		rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(&rfp[i]);
2488 		rcu_fwd_progress_check(1 + (jiffies - READ_ONCE(rfp[i].rcu_fwd_startat)) / 2);
2489 	}
2490 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop, true);
2491 	smp_mb(); /* Emergency stop before free and wait to avoid hangs. */
2492 	ncbs = 0;
2493 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2494 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
2495 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
2496 	rcu_barrier();
2497 	ncbs = 0;
2498 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2499 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
2500 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
2501 	rcu_barrier();
2502 	ncbs = 0;
2503 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2504 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
2505 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
2506 	smp_mb(); /* Frees before return to avoid redoing OOM. */
2507 	(*(unsigned long *)nfreed)++; /* Forward progress CBs freed! */
2508 	pr_info("%s returning after OOM processing.\n", __func__);
2509 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2510 	return NOTIFY_OK;
2511 }
2512 
2513 static struct notifier_block rcutorture_oom_nb = {
2514 	.notifier_call = rcutorture_oom_notify
2515 };
2516 
2517 /* Carry out grace-period forward-progress testing. */
2518 static int rcu_torture_fwd_prog(void *args)
2519 {
2520 	bool firsttime = true;
2521 	long max_cbs;
2522 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
2523 	unsigned long oldseq = READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq);
2524 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp = args;
2525 	int tested = 0;
2526 	int tested_tries = 0;
2527 
2528 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_progress task started");
2529 	rcu_bind_current_to_nocb();
2530 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP) || !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST))
2531 		set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2532 	do {
2533 		if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_id) {
2534 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(fwd_progress_holdoff * HZ);
2535 			WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop, false);
2536 			if (!firsttime) {
2537 				max_cbs = atomic_long_xchg(&rcu_fwd_max_cbs, 0);
2538 				pr_alert("%s n_max_cbs: %ld\n", __func__, max_cbs);
2539 			}
2540 			firsttime = false;
2541 			WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq, rcu_fwd_seq + 1);
2542 		} else {
2543 			while (READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq) == oldseq && !torture_must_stop())
2544 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
2545 			oldseq = READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq);
2546 		}
2547 		pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2548 		if (rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended() && torture_num_online_cpus() > rfp->rcu_fwd_id)
2549 			rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cr(rfp);
2550 		if ((cur_ops->stall_dur && cur_ops->stall_dur() > 0) &&
2551 		    (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_RCU) ||
2552 		     (rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended() &&
2553 		      torture_num_online_cpus() > rfp->rcu_fwd_id)))
2554 			rcu_torture_fwd_prog_nr(rfp, &tested, &tested_tries);
2555 
2556 		/* Avoid slow periods, better to test when busy. */
2557 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fwd_prog"))
2558 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
2559 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2560 	/* Short runs might not contain a valid forward-progress attempt. */
2561 	if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_id) {
2562 		WARN_ON(!tested && tested_tries >= 5);
2563 		pr_alert("%s: tested %d tested_tries %d\n", __func__, tested, tested_tries);
2564 	}
2565 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fwd_prog");
2566 	return 0;
2567 }
2568 
2569 /* If forward-progress checking is requested and feasible, spawn the thread. */
2570 static int __init rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init(void)
2571 {
2572 	int i;
2573 	int ret = 0;
2574 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
2575 
2576 	if (!fwd_progress)
2577 		return 0; /* Not requested, so don't do it. */
2578 	if (fwd_progress >= nr_cpu_ids) {
2579 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Limiting fwd_progress to # CPUs.\n");
2580 		fwd_progress = nr_cpu_ids;
2581 	} else if (fwd_progress < 0) {
2582 		fwd_progress = nr_cpu_ids;
2583 	}
2584 	if ((!cur_ops->sync && !cur_ops->call) ||
2585 	    (!cur_ops->cbflood_max && (!cur_ops->stall_dur || cur_ops->stall_dur() <= 0)) ||
2586 	    cur_ops == &rcu_busted_ops) {
2587 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Disabled, unsupported by RCU flavor under test");
2588 		fwd_progress = 0;
2589 		return 0;
2590 	}
2591 	if (stall_cpu > 0) {
2592 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Disabled, conflicts with CPU-stall testing");
2593 		fwd_progress = 0;
2594 		if (IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST))
2595 			return -EINVAL; /* In module, can fail back to user. */
2596 		WARN_ON(1); /* Make sure rcutorture notices conflict. */
2597 		return 0;
2598 	}
2599 	if (fwd_progress_holdoff <= 0)
2600 		fwd_progress_holdoff = 1;
2601 	if (fwd_progress_div <= 0)
2602 		fwd_progress_div = 4;
2603 	rfp = kcalloc(fwd_progress, sizeof(*rfp), GFP_KERNEL);
2604 	fwd_prog_tasks = kcalloc(fwd_progress, sizeof(*fwd_prog_tasks), GFP_KERNEL);
2605 	if (!rfp || !fwd_prog_tasks) {
2606 		kfree(rfp);
2607 		kfree(fwd_prog_tasks);
2608 		fwd_prog_tasks = NULL;
2609 		fwd_progress = 0;
2610 		return -ENOMEM;
2611 	}
2612 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
2613 		spin_lock_init(&rfp[i].rcu_fwd_lock);
2614 		rfp[i].rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfp[i].rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2615 		rfp[i].rcu_fwd_id = i;
2616 	}
2617 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2618 	rcu_fwds = rfp;
2619 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2620 	register_oom_notifier(&rcutorture_oom_nb);
2621 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
2622 		ret = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fwd_prog, &rcu_fwds[i], fwd_prog_tasks[i]);
2623 		if (ret) {
2624 			fwd_progress = i;
2625 			return ret;
2626 		}
2627 	}
2628 	return 0;
2629 }
2630 
2631 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cleanup(void)
2632 {
2633 	int i;
2634 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
2635 
2636 	if (!rcu_fwds || !fwd_prog_tasks)
2637 		return;
2638 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2639 		torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fwd_prog, fwd_prog_tasks[i]);
2640 	unregister_oom_notifier(&rcutorture_oom_nb);
2641 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2642 	rfp = rcu_fwds;
2643 	rcu_fwds = NULL;
2644 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2645 	kfree(rfp);
2646 	kfree(fwd_prog_tasks);
2647 	fwd_prog_tasks = NULL;
2648 }
2649 
2650 /* Callback function for RCU barrier testing. */
2651 static void rcu_torture_barrier_cbf(struct rcu_head *rcu)
2652 {
2653 	atomic_inc(&barrier_cbs_invoked);
2654 }
2655 
2656 /* IPI handler to get callback posted on desired CPU, if online. */
2657 static void rcu_torture_barrier1cb(void *rcu_void)
2658 {
2659 	struct rcu_head *rhp = rcu_void;
2660 
2661 	cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_barrier_cbf);
2662 }
2663 
2664 /* kthread function to register callbacks used to test RCU barriers. */
2665 static int rcu_torture_barrier_cbs(void *arg)
2666 {
2667 	long myid = (long)arg;
2668 	bool lastphase = false;
2669 	bool newphase;
2670 	struct rcu_head rcu;
2671 
2672 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu);
2673 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_barrier_cbs task started");
2674 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2675 	do {
2676 		wait_event(barrier_cbs_wq[myid],
2677 			   (newphase =
2678 			    smp_load_acquire(&barrier_phase)) != lastphase ||
2679 			   torture_must_stop());
2680 		lastphase = newphase;
2681 		if (torture_must_stop())
2682 			break;
2683 		/*
2684 		 * The above smp_load_acquire() ensures barrier_phase load
2685 		 * is ordered before the following ->call().
2686 		 */
2687 		if (smp_call_function_single(myid, rcu_torture_barrier1cb,
2688 					     &rcu, 1)) {
2689 			// IPI failed, so use direct call from current CPU.
2690 			cur_ops->call(&rcu, rcu_torture_barrier_cbf);
2691 		}
2692 		if (atomic_dec_and_test(&barrier_cbs_count))
2693 			wake_up(&barrier_wq);
2694 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2695 	if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL)
2696 		cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2697 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu);
2698 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_barrier_cbs");
2699 	return 0;
2700 }
2701 
2702 /* kthread function to drive and coordinate RCU barrier testing. */
2703 static int rcu_torture_barrier(void *arg)
2704 {
2705 	int i;
2706 
2707 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_barrier task starting");
2708 	do {
2709 		atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_invoked, 0);
2710 		atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_count, n_barrier_cbs);
2711 		/* Ensure barrier_phase ordered after prior assignments. */
2712 		smp_store_release(&barrier_phase, !barrier_phase);
2713 		for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++)
2714 			wake_up(&barrier_cbs_wq[i]);
2715 		wait_event(barrier_wq,
2716 			   atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_count) == 0 ||
2717 			   torture_must_stop());
2718 		if (torture_must_stop())
2719 			break;
2720 		n_barrier_attempts++;
2721 		cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Implies smp_mb() for wait_event(). */
2722 		if (atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked) != n_barrier_cbs) {
2723 			n_rcu_torture_barrier_error++;
2724 			pr_err("barrier_cbs_invoked = %d, n_barrier_cbs = %d\n",
2725 			       atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked),
2726 			       n_barrier_cbs);
2727 			WARN_ON(1);
2728 			// Wait manually for the remaining callbacks
2729 			i = 0;
2730 			do {
2731 				if (WARN_ON(i++ > HZ))
2732 					i = INT_MIN;
2733 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
2734 				cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2735 			} while (atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked) !=
2736 				 n_barrier_cbs &&
2737 				 !torture_must_stop());
2738 			smp_mb(); // Can't trust ordering if broken.
2739 			if (!torture_must_stop())
2740 				pr_err("Recovered: barrier_cbs_invoked = %d\n",
2741 				       atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked));
2742 		} else {
2743 			n_barrier_successes++;
2744 		}
2745 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 10);
2746 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2747 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_barrier");
2748 	return 0;
2749 }
2750 
2751 /* Initialize RCU barrier testing. */
2752 static int rcu_torture_barrier_init(void)
2753 {
2754 	int i;
2755 	int ret;
2756 
2757 	if (n_barrier_cbs <= 0)
2758 		return 0;
2759 	if (cur_ops->call == NULL || cur_ops->cb_barrier == NULL) {
2760 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
2761 			 " Call or barrier ops missing for %s,\n",
2762 			 torture_type, cur_ops->name);
2763 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
2764 			 " RCU barrier testing omitted from run.\n",
2765 			 torture_type);
2766 		return 0;
2767 	}
2768 	atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_count, 0);
2769 	atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_invoked, 0);
2770 	barrier_cbs_tasks =
2771 		kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_tasks[0]),
2772 			GFP_KERNEL);
2773 	barrier_cbs_wq =
2774 		kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_wq[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
2775 	if (barrier_cbs_tasks == NULL || !barrier_cbs_wq)
2776 		return -ENOMEM;
2777 	for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++) {
2778 		init_waitqueue_head(&barrier_cbs_wq[i]);
2779 		ret = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier_cbs,
2780 					     (void *)(long)i,
2781 					     barrier_cbs_tasks[i]);
2782 		if (ret)
2783 			return ret;
2784 	}
2785 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier, NULL, barrier_task);
2786 }
2787 
2788 /* Clean up after RCU barrier testing. */
2789 static void rcu_torture_barrier_cleanup(void)
2790 {
2791 	int i;
2792 
2793 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier, barrier_task);
2794 	if (barrier_cbs_tasks != NULL) {
2795 		for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++)
2796 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier_cbs,
2797 					     barrier_cbs_tasks[i]);
2798 		kfree(barrier_cbs_tasks);
2799 		barrier_cbs_tasks = NULL;
2800 	}
2801 	if (barrier_cbs_wq != NULL) {
2802 		kfree(barrier_cbs_wq);
2803 		barrier_cbs_wq = NULL;
2804 	}
2805 }
2806 
2807 static bool rcu_torture_can_boost(void)
2808 {
2809 	static int boost_warn_once;
2810 	int prio;
2811 
2812 	if (!(test_boost == 1 && cur_ops->can_boost) && test_boost != 2)
2813 		return false;
2814 	if (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
2815 		return false;
2816 
2817 	prio = rcu_get_gp_kthreads_prio();
2818 	if (!prio)
2819 		return false;
2820 
2821 	if (prio < 2) {
2822 		if (boost_warn_once == 1)
2823 			return false;
2824 
2825 		pr_alert("%s: WARN: RCU kthread priority too low to test boosting.  Skipping RCU boost test. Try passing rcutree.kthread_prio > 1 on the kernel command line.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
2826 		boost_warn_once = 1;
2827 		return false;
2828 	}
2829 
2830 	return true;
2831 }
2832 
2833 static bool read_exit_child_stop;
2834 static bool read_exit_child_stopped;
2835 static wait_queue_head_t read_exit_wq;
2836 
2837 // Child kthread which just does an rcutorture reader and exits.
2838 static int rcu_torture_read_exit_child(void *trsp_in)
2839 {
2840 	struct torture_random_state *trsp = trsp_in;
2841 
2842 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2843 	// Minimize time between reading and exiting.
2844 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
2845 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
2846 	(void)rcu_torture_one_read(trsp, -1);
2847 	return 0;
2848 }
2849 
2850 // Parent kthread which creates and destroys read-exit child kthreads.
2851 static int rcu_torture_read_exit(void *unused)
2852 {
2853 	int count = 0;
2854 	bool errexit = false;
2855 	int i;
2856 	struct task_struct *tsp;
2857 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(trs);
2858 
2859 	// Allocate and initialize.
2860 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2861 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: Start of test");
2862 
2863 	// Each pass through this loop does one read-exit episode.
2864 	do {
2865 		if (++count > read_exit_burst) {
2866 			VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: End of episode");
2867 			rcu_barrier(); // Wait for task_struct free, avoid OOM.
2868 			for (i = 0; i < read_exit_delay; i++) {
2869 				schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
2870 				if (READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop))
2871 					break;
2872 			}
2873 			if (!READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop))
2874 				VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: Start of episode");
2875 			count = 0;
2876 		}
2877 		if (READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop))
2878 			break;
2879 		// Spawn child.
2880 		tsp = kthread_run(rcu_torture_read_exit_child,
2881 				     &trs, "%s",
2882 				     "rcu_torture_read_exit_child");
2883 		if (IS_ERR(tsp)) {
2884 			TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
2885 			errexit = true;
2886 			tsp = NULL;
2887 			break;
2888 		}
2889 		cond_resched();
2890 		kthread_stop(tsp);
2891 		n_read_exits ++;
2892 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_read_exit");
2893 	} while (!errexit && !READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop));
2894 
2895 	// Clean up and exit.
2896 	smp_store_release(&read_exit_child_stopped, true); // After reaping.
2897 	smp_mb(); // Store before wakeup.
2898 	wake_up(&read_exit_wq);
2899 	while (!torture_must_stop())
2900 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
2901 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_read_exit");
2902 	return 0;
2903 }
2904 
2905 static int rcu_torture_read_exit_init(void)
2906 {
2907 	if (read_exit_burst <= 0)
2908 		return 0;
2909 	init_waitqueue_head(&read_exit_wq);
2910 	read_exit_child_stop = false;
2911 	read_exit_child_stopped = false;
2912 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_read_exit, NULL,
2913 				      read_exit_task);
2914 }
2915 
2916 static void rcu_torture_read_exit_cleanup(void)
2917 {
2918 	if (!read_exit_task)
2919 		return;
2920 	WRITE_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop, true);
2921 	smp_mb(); // Above write before wait.
2922 	wait_event(read_exit_wq, smp_load_acquire(&read_exit_child_stopped));
2923 	torture_stop_kthread(rcutorture_read_exit, read_exit_task);
2924 }
2925 
2926 static enum cpuhp_state rcutor_hp;
2927 
2928 static void
2929 rcu_torture_cleanup(void)
2930 {
2931 	int firsttime;
2932 	int flags = 0;
2933 	unsigned long gp_seq = 0;
2934 	int i;
2935 
2936 	if (torture_cleanup_begin()) {
2937 		if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL) {
2938 			pr_info("%s: Invoking %pS().\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier);
2939 			cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2940 		}
2941 		return;
2942 	}
2943 	if (!cur_ops) {
2944 		torture_cleanup_end();
2945 		return;
2946 	}
2947 
2948 	if (cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
2949 		cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
2950 	rcu_torture_read_exit_cleanup();
2951 	rcu_torture_barrier_cleanup();
2952 	rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cleanup();
2953 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_stall, stall_task);
2954 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_writer, writer_task);
2955 
2956 	if (nocb_tasks) {
2957 		for (i = 0; i < nrealnocbers; i++)
2958 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_nocb_toggle, nocb_tasks[i]);
2959 		kfree(nocb_tasks);
2960 		nocb_tasks = NULL;
2961 	}
2962 
2963 	if (reader_tasks) {
2964 		for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++)
2965 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_reader,
2966 					     reader_tasks[i]);
2967 		kfree(reader_tasks);
2968 		reader_tasks = NULL;
2969 	}
2970 	kfree(rcu_torture_reader_mbchk);
2971 	rcu_torture_reader_mbchk = NULL;
2972 
2973 	if (fakewriter_tasks) {
2974 		for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++)
2975 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fakewriter,
2976 					     fakewriter_tasks[i]);
2977 		kfree(fakewriter_tasks);
2978 		fakewriter_tasks = NULL;
2979 	}
2980 
2981 	rcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, &flags, &gp_seq);
2982 	srcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, srcu_ctlp, &flags, &gp_seq);
2983 	pr_alert("%s:  End-test grace-period state: g%ld f%#x total-gps=%ld\n",
2984 		 cur_ops->name, (long)gp_seq, flags,
2985 		 rcutorture_seq_diff(gp_seq, start_gp_seq));
2986 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_stats, stats_task);
2987 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fqs, fqs_task);
2988 	if (rcu_torture_can_boost() && rcutor_hp >= 0)
2989 		cpuhp_remove_state(rcutor_hp);
2990 
2991 	/*
2992 	 * Wait for all RCU callbacks to fire, then do torture-type-specific
2993 	 * cleanup operations.
2994 	 */
2995 	if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL) {
2996 		pr_info("%s: Invoking %pS().\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier);
2997 		cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2998 	}
2999 	if (cur_ops->cleanup != NULL)
3000 		cur_ops->cleanup();
3001 
3002 	rcu_torture_mem_dump_obj();
3003 
3004 	rcu_torture_stats_print();  /* -After- the stats thread is stopped! */
3005 
3006 	if (err_segs_recorded) {
3007 		pr_alert("Failure/close-call rcutorture reader segments:\n");
3008 		if (rt_read_nsegs == 0)
3009 			pr_alert("\t: No segments recorded!!!\n");
3010 		firsttime = 1;
3011 		for (i = 0; i < rt_read_nsegs; i++) {
3012 			pr_alert("\t%d: %#x ", i, err_segs[i].rt_readstate);
3013 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_jiffies != 0) {
3014 				pr_cont("%s%ldjiffies", firsttime ? "" : "+",
3015 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_jiffies);
3016 				firsttime = 0;
3017 			}
3018 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_ms != 0) {
3019 				pr_cont("%s%ldms", firsttime ? "" : "+",
3020 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_ms);
3021 				firsttime = 0;
3022 			}
3023 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_us != 0) {
3024 				pr_cont("%s%ldus", firsttime ? "" : "+",
3025 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_us);
3026 				firsttime = 0;
3027 			}
3028 			pr_cont("%s\n",
3029 				err_segs[i].rt_preempted ? "preempted" : "");
3030 
3031 		}
3032 	}
3033 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_error) || n_rcu_torture_barrier_error)
3034 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "End of test: FAILURE");
3035 	else if (torture_onoff_failures())
3036 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops,
3037 					       "End of test: RCU_HOTPLUG");
3038 	else
3039 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "End of test: SUCCESS");
3040 	torture_cleanup_end();
3041 }
3042 
3043 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD
3044 static void rcu_torture_leak_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
3045 {
3046 }
3047 
3048 static void rcu_torture_err_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
3049 {
3050 	/*
3051 	 * This -might- happen due to race conditions, but is unlikely.
3052 	 * The scenario that leads to this happening is that the
3053 	 * first of the pair of duplicate callbacks is queued,
3054 	 * someone else starts a grace period that includes that
3055 	 * callback, then the second of the pair must wait for the
3056 	 * next grace period.  Unlikely, but can happen.  If it
3057 	 * does happen, the debug-objects subsystem won't have splatted.
3058 	 */
3059 	pr_alert("%s: duplicated callback was invoked.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3060 }
3061 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
3062 
3063 /*
3064  * Verify that double-free causes debug-objects to complain, but only
3065  * if CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD=y.  Otherwise, say that the test
3066  * cannot be carried out.
3067  */
3068 static void rcu_test_debug_objects(void)
3069 {
3070 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD
3071 	struct rcu_head rh1;
3072 	struct rcu_head rh2;
3073 	struct rcu_head *rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_KERNEL);
3074 
3075 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
3076 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
3077 	pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_rcu() test starting.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3078 
3079 	/* Try to queue the rh2 pair of callbacks for the same grace period. */
3080 	preempt_disable(); /* Prevent preemption from interrupting test. */
3081 	rcu_read_lock(); /* Make it impossible to finish a grace period. */
3082 	call_rcu(&rh1, rcu_torture_leak_cb); /* Start grace period. */
3083 	local_irq_disable(); /* Make it harder to start a new grace period. */
3084 	call_rcu(&rh2, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
3085 	call_rcu(&rh2, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Duplicate callback. */
3086 	if (rhp) {
3087 		call_rcu(rhp, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
3088 		call_rcu(rhp, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Another duplicate callback. */
3089 	}
3090 	local_irq_enable();
3091 	rcu_read_unlock();
3092 	preempt_enable();
3093 
3094 	/* Wait for them all to get done so we can safely return. */
3095 	rcu_barrier();
3096 	pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_rcu() test complete.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3097 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
3098 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
3099 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
3100 	pr_alert("%s: !CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD, not testing duplicate call_rcu()\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3101 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
3102 }
3103 
3104 static void rcutorture_sync(void)
3105 {
3106 	static unsigned long n;
3107 
3108 	if (cur_ops->sync && !(++n & 0xfff))
3109 		cur_ops->sync();
3110 }
3111 
3112 static int __init
3113 rcu_torture_init(void)
3114 {
3115 	long i;
3116 	int cpu;
3117 	int firsterr = 0;
3118 	int flags = 0;
3119 	unsigned long gp_seq = 0;
3120 	static struct rcu_torture_ops *torture_ops[] = {
3121 		&rcu_ops, &rcu_busted_ops, &srcu_ops, &srcud_ops, &busted_srcud_ops,
3122 		TASKS_OPS &tasks_rude_ops, TASKS_TRACING_OPS
3123 		&trivial_ops,
3124 	};
3125 
3126 	if (!torture_init_begin(torture_type, verbose))
3127 		return -EBUSY;
3128 
3129 	/* Process args and tell the world that the torturer is on the job. */
3130 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++) {
3131 		cur_ops = torture_ops[i];
3132 		if (strcmp(torture_type, cur_ops->name) == 0)
3133 			break;
3134 	}
3135 	if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops)) {
3136 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: invalid torture type: \"%s\"\n",
3137 			 torture_type);
3138 		pr_alert("rcu-torture types:");
3139 		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++)
3140 			pr_cont(" %s", torture_ops[i]->name);
3141 		pr_cont("\n");
3142 		firsterr = -EINVAL;
3143 		cur_ops = NULL;
3144 		goto unwind;
3145 	}
3146 	if (cur_ops->fqs == NULL && fqs_duration != 0) {
3147 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: ->fqs NULL and non-zero fqs_duration, fqs disabled.\n");
3148 		fqs_duration = 0;
3149 	}
3150 	if (cur_ops->init)
3151 		cur_ops->init();
3152 
3153 	if (nreaders >= 0) {
3154 		nrealreaders = nreaders;
3155 	} else {
3156 		nrealreaders = num_online_cpus() - 2 - nreaders;
3157 		if (nrealreaders <= 0)
3158 			nrealreaders = 1;
3159 	}
3160 	rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "Start of test");
3161 	rcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, &flags, &gp_seq);
3162 	srcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, srcu_ctlp, &flags, &gp_seq);
3163 	start_gp_seq = gp_seq;
3164 	pr_alert("%s:  Start-test grace-period state: g%ld f%#x\n",
3165 		 cur_ops->name, (long)gp_seq, flags);
3166 
3167 	/* Set up the freelist. */
3168 
3169 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_freelist);
3170 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_tortures); i++) {
3171 		rcu_tortures[i].rtort_mbtest = 0;
3172 		list_add_tail(&rcu_tortures[i].rtort_free,
3173 			      &rcu_torture_freelist);
3174 	}
3175 
3176 	/* Initialize the statistics so that each run gets its own numbers. */
3177 
3178 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;
3179 	rcu_torture_current_version = 0;
3180 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc, 0);
3181 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail, 0);
3182 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_free, 0);
3183 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mberror, 0);
3184 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail, 0);
3185 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries, 0);
3186 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_error, 0);
3187 	n_rcu_torture_barrier_error = 0;
3188 	n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror = 0;
3189 	n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror = 0;
3190 	n_rcu_torture_boost_failure = 0;
3191 	n_rcu_torture_boosts = 0;
3192 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
3193 		atomic_set(&rcu_torture_wcount[i], 0);
3194 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
3195 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
3196 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i] = 0;
3197 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i] = 0;
3198 		}
3199 	}
3200 	err_segs_recorded = 0;
3201 	rt_read_nsegs = 0;
3202 
3203 	/* Start up the kthreads. */
3204 
3205 	rcu_torture_write_types();
3206 	firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_writer, NULL,
3207 					  writer_task);
3208 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3209 		goto unwind;
3210 	if (nfakewriters > 0) {
3211 		fakewriter_tasks = kcalloc(nfakewriters,
3212 					   sizeof(fakewriter_tasks[0]),
3213 					   GFP_KERNEL);
3214 		if (fakewriter_tasks == NULL) {
3215 			TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3216 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
3217 			goto unwind;
3218 		}
3219 	}
3220 	for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++) {
3221 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fakewriter,
3222 						  NULL, fakewriter_tasks[i]);
3223 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3224 			goto unwind;
3225 	}
3226 	reader_tasks = kcalloc(nrealreaders, sizeof(reader_tasks[0]),
3227 			       GFP_KERNEL);
3228 	rcu_torture_reader_mbchk = kcalloc(nrealreaders, sizeof(*rcu_torture_reader_mbchk),
3229 					   GFP_KERNEL);
3230 	if (!reader_tasks || !rcu_torture_reader_mbchk) {
3231 		TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3232 		firsterr = -ENOMEM;
3233 		goto unwind;
3234 	}
3235 	for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++) {
3236 		rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[i].rtc_chkrdr = -1;
3237 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_reader, (void *)i,
3238 						  reader_tasks[i]);
3239 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3240 			goto unwind;
3241 	}
3242 	nrealnocbers = nocbs_nthreads;
3243 	if (WARN_ON(nrealnocbers < 0))
3244 		nrealnocbers = 1;
3245 	if (WARN_ON(nocbs_toggle < 0))
3246 		nocbs_toggle = HZ;
3247 	if (nrealnocbers > 0) {
3248 		nocb_tasks = kcalloc(nrealnocbers, sizeof(nocb_tasks[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
3249 		if (nocb_tasks == NULL) {
3250 			TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3251 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
3252 			goto unwind;
3253 		}
3254 	} else {
3255 		nocb_tasks = NULL;
3256 	}
3257 	for (i = 0; i < nrealnocbers; i++) {
3258 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_nocb_toggle, NULL, nocb_tasks[i]);
3259 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3260 			goto unwind;
3261 	}
3262 	if (stat_interval > 0) {
3263 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_stats, NULL,
3264 						  stats_task);
3265 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3266 			goto unwind;
3267 	}
3268 	if (test_no_idle_hz && shuffle_interval > 0) {
3269 		firsterr = torture_shuffle_init(shuffle_interval * HZ);
3270 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3271 			goto unwind;
3272 	}
3273 	if (stutter < 0)
3274 		stutter = 0;
3275 	if (stutter) {
3276 		int t;
3277 
3278 		t = cur_ops->stall_dur ? cur_ops->stall_dur() : stutter * HZ;
3279 		firsterr = torture_stutter_init(stutter * HZ, t);
3280 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3281 			goto unwind;
3282 	}
3283 	if (fqs_duration < 0)
3284 		fqs_duration = 0;
3285 	if (fqs_duration) {
3286 		/* Create the fqs thread */
3287 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fqs, NULL,
3288 						  fqs_task);
3289 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3290 			goto unwind;
3291 	}
3292 	if (test_boost_interval < 1)
3293 		test_boost_interval = 1;
3294 	if (test_boost_duration < 2)
3295 		test_boost_duration = 2;
3296 	if (rcu_torture_can_boost()) {
3297 
3298 		boost_starttime = jiffies + test_boost_interval * HZ;
3299 
3300 		firsterr = cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "RCU_TORTURE",
3301 					     rcutorture_booster_init,
3302 					     rcutorture_booster_cleanup);
3303 		rcutor_hp = firsterr;
3304 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3305 			goto unwind;
3306 
3307 		// Testing RCU priority boosting requires rcutorture do
3308 		// some serious abuse.  Counter this by running ksoftirqd
3309 		// at higher priority.
3310 		if (IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)) {
3311 			for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
3312 				struct sched_param sp;
3313 				struct task_struct *t;
3314 
3315 				t = per_cpu(ksoftirqd, cpu);
3316 				WARN_ON_ONCE(!t);
3317 				sp.sched_priority = 2;
3318 				sched_setscheduler_nocheck(t, SCHED_FIFO, &sp);
3319 			}
3320 		}
3321 	}
3322 	shutdown_jiffies = jiffies + shutdown_secs * HZ;
3323 	firsterr = torture_shutdown_init(shutdown_secs, rcu_torture_cleanup);
3324 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3325 		goto unwind;
3326 	firsterr = torture_onoff_init(onoff_holdoff * HZ, onoff_interval,
3327 				      rcutorture_sync);
3328 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3329 		goto unwind;
3330 	firsterr = rcu_torture_stall_init();
3331 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3332 		goto unwind;
3333 	firsterr = rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init();
3334 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3335 		goto unwind;
3336 	firsterr = rcu_torture_barrier_init();
3337 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3338 		goto unwind;
3339 	firsterr = rcu_torture_read_exit_init();
3340 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3341 		goto unwind;
3342 	if (object_debug)
3343 		rcu_test_debug_objects();
3344 	torture_init_end();
3345 	return 0;
3346 
3347 unwind:
3348 	torture_init_end();
3349 	rcu_torture_cleanup();
3350 	if (shutdown_secs) {
3351 		WARN_ON(!IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST));
3352 		kernel_power_off();
3353 	}
3354 	return firsterr;
3355 }
3356 
3357 module_init(rcu_torture_init);
3358 module_exit(rcu_torture_cleanup);
3359