11da177e4SLinus Torvalds /* 21da177e4SLinus Torvalds * linux/arch/arm/mach-rpc/dma.c 31da177e4SLinus Torvalds * 41da177e4SLinus Torvalds * Copyright (C) 1998 Russell King 51da177e4SLinus Torvalds * 61da177e4SLinus Torvalds * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 71da177e4SLinus Torvalds * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as 81da177e4SLinus Torvalds * published by the Free Software Foundation. 91da177e4SLinus Torvalds * 101da177e4SLinus Torvalds * DMA functions specific to RiscPC architecture 111da177e4SLinus Torvalds */ 121da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/mman.h> 131da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/init.h> 141da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/interrupt.h> 157cdad482SRussell King #include <linux/dma-mapping.h> 16fced80c7SRussell King #include <linux/io.h> 171da177e4SLinus Torvalds 181da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <asm/page.h> 191da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <asm/dma.h> 201da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <asm/fiq.h> 211da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <asm/irq.h> 22a09e64fbSRussell King #include <mach/hardware.h> 23*7c0f6ba6SLinus Torvalds #include <linux/uaccess.h> 241da177e4SLinus Torvalds 251da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <asm/mach/dma.h> 261da177e4SLinus Torvalds #include <asm/hardware/iomd.h> 271da177e4SLinus Torvalds 28308d333aSRussell King struct iomd_dma { 29308d333aSRussell King struct dma_struct dma; 30308d333aSRussell King unsigned int state; 31308d333aSRussell King unsigned long base; /* Controller base address */ 32308d333aSRussell King int irq; /* Controller IRQ */ 33308d333aSRussell King struct scatterlist cur_sg; /* Current controller buffer */ 34fa4e9989SRussell King dma_addr_t dma_addr; 35fa4e9989SRussell King unsigned int dma_len; 36308d333aSRussell King }; 37308d333aSRussell King 381da177e4SLinus Torvalds #if 0 391da177e4SLinus Torvalds typedef enum { 401da177e4SLinus Torvalds dma_size_8 = 1, 411da177e4SLinus Torvalds dma_size_16 = 2, 421da177e4SLinus Torvalds dma_size_32 = 4, 431da177e4SLinus Torvalds dma_size_128 = 16 441da177e4SLinus Torvalds } dma_size_t; 451da177e4SLinus Torvalds #endif 461da177e4SLinus Torvalds 471da177e4SLinus Torvalds #define TRANSFER_SIZE 2 481da177e4SLinus Torvalds 491da177e4SLinus Torvalds #define CURA (0) 501da177e4SLinus Torvalds #define ENDA (IOMD_IO0ENDA - IOMD_IO0CURA) 511da177e4SLinus Torvalds #define CURB (IOMD_IO0CURB - IOMD_IO0CURA) 521da177e4SLinus Torvalds #define ENDB (IOMD_IO0ENDB - IOMD_IO0CURA) 531da177e4SLinus Torvalds #define CR (IOMD_IO0CR - IOMD_IO0CURA) 541da177e4SLinus Torvalds #define ST (IOMD_IO0ST - IOMD_IO0CURA) 551da177e4SLinus Torvalds 56ad9dd94cSRussell King static void iomd_get_next_sg(struct scatterlist *sg, struct iomd_dma *idma) 571da177e4SLinus Torvalds { 581da177e4SLinus Torvalds unsigned long end, offset, flags = 0; 591da177e4SLinus Torvalds 60ad9dd94cSRussell King if (idma->dma.sg) { 61fa4e9989SRussell King sg->dma_address = idma->dma_addr; 621da177e4SLinus Torvalds offset = sg->dma_address & ~PAGE_MASK; 631da177e4SLinus Torvalds 64fa4e9989SRussell King end = offset + idma->dma_len; 651da177e4SLinus Torvalds 661da177e4SLinus Torvalds if (end > PAGE_SIZE) 671da177e4SLinus Torvalds end = PAGE_SIZE; 681da177e4SLinus Torvalds 691da177e4SLinus Torvalds if (offset + TRANSFER_SIZE >= end) 701da177e4SLinus Torvalds flags |= DMA_END_L; 711da177e4SLinus Torvalds 721da177e4SLinus Torvalds sg->length = end - TRANSFER_SIZE; 731da177e4SLinus Torvalds 74fa4e9989SRussell King idma->dma_len -= end - offset; 75fa4e9989SRussell King idma->dma_addr += end - offset; 761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 77fa4e9989SRussell King if (idma->dma_len == 0) { 78ad9dd94cSRussell King if (idma->dma.sgcount > 1) { 799e28d7e8SRussell King idma->dma.sg = sg_next(idma->dma.sg); 80fa4e9989SRussell King idma->dma_addr = idma->dma.sg->dma_address; 81fa4e9989SRussell King idma->dma_len = idma->dma.sg->length; 82ad9dd94cSRussell King idma->dma.sgcount--; 831da177e4SLinus Torvalds } else { 84ad9dd94cSRussell King idma->dma.sg = NULL; 851da177e4SLinus Torvalds flags |= DMA_END_S; 861da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 871da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 881da177e4SLinus Torvalds } else { 891da177e4SLinus Torvalds flags = DMA_END_S | DMA_END_L; 901da177e4SLinus Torvalds sg->dma_address = 0; 911da177e4SLinus Torvalds sg->length = 0; 921da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 931da177e4SLinus Torvalds 941da177e4SLinus Torvalds sg->length |= flags; 951da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 961da177e4SLinus Torvalds 970cd61b68SLinus Torvalds static irqreturn_t iomd_dma_handle(int irq, void *dev_id) 981da177e4SLinus Torvalds { 99ad9dd94cSRussell King struct iomd_dma *idma = dev_id; 100ad9dd94cSRussell King unsigned long base = idma->base; 1011da177e4SLinus Torvalds 1021da177e4SLinus Torvalds do { 1031da177e4SLinus Torvalds unsigned int status; 1041da177e4SLinus Torvalds 1051da177e4SLinus Torvalds status = iomd_readb(base + ST); 1061da177e4SLinus Torvalds if (!(status & DMA_ST_INT)) 1071da177e4SLinus Torvalds return IRQ_HANDLED; 1081da177e4SLinus Torvalds 109ad9dd94cSRussell King if ((idma->state ^ status) & DMA_ST_AB) 110ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_get_next_sg(&idma->cur_sg, idma); 1111da177e4SLinus Torvalds 1121da177e4SLinus Torvalds switch (status & (DMA_ST_OFL | DMA_ST_AB)) { 1131da177e4SLinus Torvalds case DMA_ST_OFL: /* OIA */ 1141da177e4SLinus Torvalds case DMA_ST_AB: /* .IB */ 115ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_writel(idma->cur_sg.dma_address, base + CURA); 116ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_writel(idma->cur_sg.length, base + ENDA); 117ad9dd94cSRussell King idma->state = DMA_ST_AB; 1181da177e4SLinus Torvalds break; 1191da177e4SLinus Torvalds 1201da177e4SLinus Torvalds case DMA_ST_OFL | DMA_ST_AB: /* OIB */ 1211da177e4SLinus Torvalds case 0: /* .IA */ 122ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_writel(idma->cur_sg.dma_address, base + CURB); 123ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_writel(idma->cur_sg.length, base + ENDB); 124ad9dd94cSRussell King idma->state = 0; 1251da177e4SLinus Torvalds break; 1261da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 1271da177e4SLinus Torvalds 1281da177e4SLinus Torvalds if (status & DMA_ST_OFL && 129ad9dd94cSRussell King idma->cur_sg.length == (DMA_END_S|DMA_END_L)) 1301da177e4SLinus Torvalds break; 1311da177e4SLinus Torvalds } while (1); 1321da177e4SLinus Torvalds 133ad9dd94cSRussell King idma->state = ~DMA_ST_AB; 1341da177e4SLinus Torvalds disable_irq(irq); 1351da177e4SLinus Torvalds 1361da177e4SLinus Torvalds return IRQ_HANDLED; 1371da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 1381da177e4SLinus Torvalds 1391df81302SRussell King static int iomd_request_dma(unsigned int chan, dma_t *dma) 1401da177e4SLinus Torvalds { 141ad9dd94cSRussell King struct iomd_dma *idma = container_of(dma, struct iomd_dma, dma); 142ad9dd94cSRussell King 143ad9dd94cSRussell King return request_irq(idma->irq, iomd_dma_handle, 14478f6db99SMichael Opdenacker 0, idma->dma.device_id, idma); 1451da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 1461da177e4SLinus Torvalds 1471df81302SRussell King static void iomd_free_dma(unsigned int chan, dma_t *dma) 1481da177e4SLinus Torvalds { 149ad9dd94cSRussell King struct iomd_dma *idma = container_of(dma, struct iomd_dma, dma); 150ad9dd94cSRussell King 151ad9dd94cSRussell King free_irq(idma->irq, idma); 1521da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 1531da177e4SLinus Torvalds 1541df81302SRussell King static void iomd_enable_dma(unsigned int chan, dma_t *dma) 1551da177e4SLinus Torvalds { 156ad9dd94cSRussell King struct iomd_dma *idma = container_of(dma, struct iomd_dma, dma); 157ad9dd94cSRussell King unsigned long dma_base = idma->base; 1581da177e4SLinus Torvalds unsigned int ctrl = TRANSFER_SIZE | DMA_CR_E; 1591da177e4SLinus Torvalds 160ad9dd94cSRussell King if (idma->dma.invalid) { 161ad9dd94cSRussell King idma->dma.invalid = 0; 1621da177e4SLinus Torvalds 1631da177e4SLinus Torvalds /* 1641da177e4SLinus Torvalds * Cope with ISA-style drivers which expect cache 1651da177e4SLinus Torvalds * coherence. 1661da177e4SLinus Torvalds */ 167ad9dd94cSRussell King if (!idma->dma.sg) { 168ad9dd94cSRussell King idma->dma.sg = &idma->dma.buf; 169ad9dd94cSRussell King idma->dma.sgcount = 1; 170ad9dd94cSRussell King idma->dma.buf.length = idma->dma.count; 171ad9dd94cSRussell King idma->dma.buf.dma_address = dma_map_single(NULL, 172ad9dd94cSRussell King idma->dma.addr, idma->dma.count, 173ad9dd94cSRussell King idma->dma.dma_mode == DMA_MODE_READ ? 1747cdad482SRussell King DMA_FROM_DEVICE : DMA_TO_DEVICE); 1751da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 1761da177e4SLinus Torvalds 1771da177e4SLinus Torvalds iomd_writeb(DMA_CR_C, dma_base + CR); 178ad9dd94cSRussell King idma->state = DMA_ST_AB; 1791da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 1801da177e4SLinus Torvalds 181ad9dd94cSRussell King if (idma->dma.dma_mode == DMA_MODE_READ) 1821da177e4SLinus Torvalds ctrl |= DMA_CR_D; 1831da177e4SLinus Torvalds 1841da177e4SLinus Torvalds iomd_writeb(ctrl, dma_base + CR); 185ad9dd94cSRussell King enable_irq(idma->irq); 1861da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 1871da177e4SLinus Torvalds 1881df81302SRussell King static void iomd_disable_dma(unsigned int chan, dma_t *dma) 1891da177e4SLinus Torvalds { 190ad9dd94cSRussell King struct iomd_dma *idma = container_of(dma, struct iomd_dma, dma); 191ad9dd94cSRussell King unsigned long dma_base = idma->base; 1921da177e4SLinus Torvalds unsigned long flags; 1931da177e4SLinus Torvalds 1941da177e4SLinus Torvalds local_irq_save(flags); 195ad9dd94cSRussell King if (idma->state != ~DMA_ST_AB) 196ad9dd94cSRussell King disable_irq(idma->irq); 1971da177e4SLinus Torvalds iomd_writeb(0, dma_base + CR); 1981da177e4SLinus Torvalds local_irq_restore(flags); 1991da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 2001da177e4SLinus Torvalds 2011df81302SRussell King static int iomd_set_dma_speed(unsigned int chan, dma_t *dma, int cycle) 2021da177e4SLinus Torvalds { 2031da177e4SLinus Torvalds int tcr, speed; 2041da177e4SLinus Torvalds 2051da177e4SLinus Torvalds if (cycle < 188) 2061da177e4SLinus Torvalds speed = 3; 2071da177e4SLinus Torvalds else if (cycle <= 250) 2081da177e4SLinus Torvalds speed = 2; 2091da177e4SLinus Torvalds else if (cycle < 438) 2101da177e4SLinus Torvalds speed = 1; 2111da177e4SLinus Torvalds else 2121da177e4SLinus Torvalds speed = 0; 2131da177e4SLinus Torvalds 2141da177e4SLinus Torvalds tcr = iomd_readb(IOMD_DMATCR); 2151da177e4SLinus Torvalds speed &= 3; 2161da177e4SLinus Torvalds 2171df81302SRussell King switch (chan) { 2181da177e4SLinus Torvalds case DMA_0: 2191da177e4SLinus Torvalds tcr = (tcr & ~0x03) | speed; 2201da177e4SLinus Torvalds break; 2211da177e4SLinus Torvalds 2221da177e4SLinus Torvalds case DMA_1: 2231da177e4SLinus Torvalds tcr = (tcr & ~0x0c) | (speed << 2); 2241da177e4SLinus Torvalds break; 2251da177e4SLinus Torvalds 2261da177e4SLinus Torvalds case DMA_2: 2271da177e4SLinus Torvalds tcr = (tcr & ~0x30) | (speed << 4); 2281da177e4SLinus Torvalds break; 2291da177e4SLinus Torvalds 2301da177e4SLinus Torvalds case DMA_3: 2311da177e4SLinus Torvalds tcr = (tcr & ~0xc0) | (speed << 6); 2321da177e4SLinus Torvalds break; 2331da177e4SLinus Torvalds 2341da177e4SLinus Torvalds default: 2351da177e4SLinus Torvalds break; 2361da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 2371da177e4SLinus Torvalds 2381da177e4SLinus Torvalds iomd_writeb(tcr, IOMD_DMATCR); 2391da177e4SLinus Torvalds 2401da177e4SLinus Torvalds return speed; 2411da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 2421da177e4SLinus Torvalds 2431da177e4SLinus Torvalds static struct dma_ops iomd_dma_ops = { 2441da177e4SLinus Torvalds .type = "IOMD", 2451da177e4SLinus Torvalds .request = iomd_request_dma, 2461da177e4SLinus Torvalds .free = iomd_free_dma, 2471da177e4SLinus Torvalds .enable = iomd_enable_dma, 2481da177e4SLinus Torvalds .disable = iomd_disable_dma, 2491da177e4SLinus Torvalds .setspeed = iomd_set_dma_speed, 2501da177e4SLinus Torvalds }; 2511da177e4SLinus Torvalds 2521da177e4SLinus Torvalds static struct fiq_handler fh = { 2531da177e4SLinus Torvalds .name = "floppydma" 2541da177e4SLinus Torvalds }; 2551da177e4SLinus Torvalds 256308d333aSRussell King struct floppy_dma { 257308d333aSRussell King struct dma_struct dma; 258308d333aSRussell King unsigned int fiq; 259308d333aSRussell King }; 260308d333aSRussell King 2611df81302SRussell King static void floppy_enable_dma(unsigned int chan, dma_t *dma) 2621da177e4SLinus Torvalds { 263ad9dd94cSRussell King struct floppy_dma *fdma = container_of(dma, struct floppy_dma, dma); 2641da177e4SLinus Torvalds void *fiqhandler_start; 2651da177e4SLinus Torvalds unsigned int fiqhandler_length; 2661da177e4SLinus Torvalds struct pt_regs regs; 2671da177e4SLinus Torvalds 268ad9dd94cSRussell King if (fdma->dma.sg) 2691da177e4SLinus Torvalds BUG(); 2701da177e4SLinus Torvalds 271ad9dd94cSRussell King if (fdma->dma.dma_mode == DMA_MODE_READ) { 2721da177e4SLinus Torvalds extern unsigned char floppy_fiqin_start, floppy_fiqin_end; 2731da177e4SLinus Torvalds fiqhandler_start = &floppy_fiqin_start; 2741da177e4SLinus Torvalds fiqhandler_length = &floppy_fiqin_end - &floppy_fiqin_start; 2751da177e4SLinus Torvalds } else { 2761da177e4SLinus Torvalds extern unsigned char floppy_fiqout_start, floppy_fiqout_end; 2771da177e4SLinus Torvalds fiqhandler_start = &floppy_fiqout_start; 2781da177e4SLinus Torvalds fiqhandler_length = &floppy_fiqout_end - &floppy_fiqout_start; 2791da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 2801da177e4SLinus Torvalds 281ad9dd94cSRussell King regs.ARM_r9 = fdma->dma.count; 282ad9dd94cSRussell King regs.ARM_r10 = (unsigned long)fdma->dma.addr; 2831da177e4SLinus Torvalds regs.ARM_fp = (unsigned long)FLOPPYDMA_BASE; 2841da177e4SLinus Torvalds 2851da177e4SLinus Torvalds if (claim_fiq(&fh)) { 2861da177e4SLinus Torvalds printk("floppydma: couldn't claim FIQ.\n"); 2871da177e4SLinus Torvalds return; 2881da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 2891da177e4SLinus Torvalds 2901da177e4SLinus Torvalds set_fiq_handler(fiqhandler_start, fiqhandler_length); 2911da177e4SLinus Torvalds set_fiq_regs(®s); 292ad9dd94cSRussell King enable_fiq(fdma->fiq); 2931da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 2941da177e4SLinus Torvalds 2951df81302SRussell King static void floppy_disable_dma(unsigned int chan, dma_t *dma) 2961da177e4SLinus Torvalds { 297ad9dd94cSRussell King struct floppy_dma *fdma = container_of(dma, struct floppy_dma, dma); 298ad9dd94cSRussell King disable_fiq(fdma->fiq); 2991da177e4SLinus Torvalds release_fiq(&fh); 3001da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 3011da177e4SLinus Torvalds 3021df81302SRussell King static int floppy_get_residue(unsigned int chan, dma_t *dma) 3031da177e4SLinus Torvalds { 3041da177e4SLinus Torvalds struct pt_regs regs; 3051da177e4SLinus Torvalds get_fiq_regs(®s); 3061da177e4SLinus Torvalds return regs.ARM_r9; 3071da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 3081da177e4SLinus Torvalds 3091da177e4SLinus Torvalds static struct dma_ops floppy_dma_ops = { 3101da177e4SLinus Torvalds .type = "FIQDMA", 3111da177e4SLinus Torvalds .enable = floppy_enable_dma, 3121da177e4SLinus Torvalds .disable = floppy_disable_dma, 3131da177e4SLinus Torvalds .residue = floppy_get_residue, 3141da177e4SLinus Torvalds }; 3151da177e4SLinus Torvalds 3161da177e4SLinus Torvalds /* 3171da177e4SLinus Torvalds * This is virtual DMA - we don't need anything here. 3181da177e4SLinus Torvalds */ 3191df81302SRussell King static void sound_enable_disable_dma(unsigned int chan, dma_t *dma) 3201da177e4SLinus Torvalds { 3211da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 3221da177e4SLinus Torvalds 3231da177e4SLinus Torvalds static struct dma_ops sound_dma_ops = { 3241da177e4SLinus Torvalds .type = "VIRTUAL", 3251da177e4SLinus Torvalds .enable = sound_enable_disable_dma, 3261da177e4SLinus Torvalds .disable = sound_enable_disable_dma, 3271da177e4SLinus Torvalds }; 3281da177e4SLinus Torvalds 329ad9dd94cSRussell King static struct iomd_dma iomd_dma[6]; 3302f757f2aSRussell King 331ad9dd94cSRussell King static struct floppy_dma floppy_dma = { 332ad9dd94cSRussell King .dma = { 3332f757f2aSRussell King .d_ops = &floppy_dma_ops, 334ad9dd94cSRussell King }, 335ad9dd94cSRussell King .fiq = FIQ_FLOPPYDATA, 3362f757f2aSRussell King }; 3372f757f2aSRussell King 3382f757f2aSRussell King static dma_t sound_dma = { 3392f757f2aSRussell King .d_ops = &sound_dma_ops, 3402f757f2aSRussell King }; 3412f757f2aSRussell King 3422f757f2aSRussell King static int __init rpc_dma_init(void) 3431da177e4SLinus Torvalds { 3442f757f2aSRussell King unsigned int i; 3452f757f2aSRussell King int ret; 3462f757f2aSRussell King 3471da177e4SLinus Torvalds iomd_writeb(0, IOMD_IO0CR); 3481da177e4SLinus Torvalds iomd_writeb(0, IOMD_IO1CR); 3491da177e4SLinus Torvalds iomd_writeb(0, IOMD_IO2CR); 3501da177e4SLinus Torvalds iomd_writeb(0, IOMD_IO3CR); 3511da177e4SLinus Torvalds 3521da177e4SLinus Torvalds iomd_writeb(0xa0, IOMD_DMATCR); 3531da177e4SLinus Torvalds 3541da177e4SLinus Torvalds /* 3551da177e4SLinus Torvalds * Setup DMA channels 2,3 to be for podules 3561da177e4SLinus Torvalds * and channels 0,1 for internal devices 3571da177e4SLinus Torvalds */ 3581da177e4SLinus Torvalds iomd_writeb(DMA_EXT_IO3|DMA_EXT_IO2, IOMD_DMAEXT); 3592f757f2aSRussell King 360ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_dma[DMA_0].base = IOMD_IO0CURA; 361ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_dma[DMA_0].irq = IRQ_DMA0; 362ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_dma[DMA_1].base = IOMD_IO1CURA; 363ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_dma[DMA_1].irq = IRQ_DMA1; 364ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_dma[DMA_2].base = IOMD_IO2CURA; 365ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_dma[DMA_2].irq = IRQ_DMA2; 366ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_dma[DMA_3].base = IOMD_IO3CURA; 367ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_dma[DMA_3].irq = IRQ_DMA3; 368ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_dma[DMA_S0].base = IOMD_SD0CURA; 369ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_dma[DMA_S0].irq = IRQ_DMAS0; 370ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_dma[DMA_S1].base = IOMD_SD1CURA; 371ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_dma[DMA_S1].irq = IRQ_DMAS1; 3722f757f2aSRussell King 3732f757f2aSRussell King for (i = DMA_0; i <= DMA_S1; i++) { 374ad9dd94cSRussell King iomd_dma[i].dma.d_ops = &iomd_dma_ops; 3752f757f2aSRussell King 376ad9dd94cSRussell King ret = isa_dma_add(i, &iomd_dma[i].dma); 3772f757f2aSRussell King if (ret) 3782f757f2aSRussell King printk("IOMDDMA%u: unable to register: %d\n", i, ret); 3791da177e4SLinus Torvalds } 3802f757f2aSRussell King 381ad9dd94cSRussell King ret = isa_dma_add(DMA_VIRTUAL_FLOPPY, &floppy_dma.dma); 3822f757f2aSRussell King if (ret) 3832f757f2aSRussell King printk("IOMDFLOPPY: unable to register: %d\n", ret); 3842f757f2aSRussell King ret = isa_dma_add(DMA_VIRTUAL_SOUND, &sound_dma); 3852f757f2aSRussell King if (ret) 3862f757f2aSRussell King printk("IOMDSOUND: unable to register: %d\n", ret); 3872f757f2aSRussell King return 0; 3882f757f2aSRussell King } 3892f757f2aSRussell King core_initcall(rpc_dma_init); 390