xref: /openbmc/linux/Documentation/admin-guide/perf/nvidia-pmu.rst (revision 7ae9fb1b7ecbb5d85d07857943f677fd1a559b18)
1*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono=========================================================
2*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoNVIDIA Tegra SoC Uncore Performance Monitoring Unit (PMU)
3*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono=========================================================
4*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
5*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoThe NVIDIA Tegra SoC includes various system PMUs to measure key performance
6*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonometrics like memory bandwidth, latency, and utilization:
7*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
8*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Scalable Coherency Fabric (SCF)
9*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* NVLink-C2C0
10*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* NVLink-C2C1
11*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* CNVLink
12*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* PCIE
13*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
14*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoPMU Driver
15*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono----------
16*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
17*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoThe PMUs in this document are based on ARM CoreSight PMU Architecture as
18*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonodescribed in document: ARM IHI 0091. Since this is a standard architecture, the
19*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoPMUs are managed by a common driver "arm-cs-arch-pmu". This driver describes
20*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonothe available events and configuration of each PMU in sysfs. Please see the
21*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonosections below to get the sysfs path of each PMU. Like other uncore PMU drivers,
22*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonothe driver provides "cpumask" sysfs attribute to show the CPU id used to handle
23*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonothe PMU event. There is also "associated_cpus" sysfs attribute, which contains a
24*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonolist of CPUs associated with the PMU instance.
25*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
26*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono.. _SCF_PMU_Section:
27*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
28*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoSCF PMU
29*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono-------
30*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
31*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoThe SCF PMU monitors system level cache events, CPU traffic, and
32*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonostrongly-ordered (SO) PCIE write traffic to local/remote memory. Please see
33*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono:ref:`NVIDIA_Uncore_PMU_Traffic_Coverage_Section` for more info about the PMU
34*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonotraffic coverage.
35*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
36*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoThe events and configuration options of this PMU device are described in sysfs,
37*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonosee /sys/bus/event_sources/devices/nvidia_scf_pmu_<socket-id>.
38*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
39*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoExample usage:
40*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
41*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 in socket 0::
42*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
43*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_scf_pmu_0/event=0x0/
44*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
45*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 in socket 1::
46*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
47*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_scf_pmu_1/event=0x0/
48*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
49*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoNVLink-C2C0 PMU
50*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono--------------------
51*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
52*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoThe NVLink-C2C0 PMU monitors incoming traffic from a GPU/CPU connected with
53*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoNVLink-C2C (Chip-2-Chip) interconnect. The type of traffic captured by this PMU
54*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonovaries dependent on the chip configuration:
55*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
56*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* NVIDIA Grace Hopper Superchip: Hopper GPU is connected with Grace SoC.
57*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
58*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono  In this config, the PMU captures GPU ATS translated or EGM traffic from the GPU.
59*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
60*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* NVIDIA Grace CPU Superchip: two Grace CPU SoCs are connected.
61*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
62*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono  In this config, the PMU captures read and relaxed ordered (RO) writes from
63*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono  PCIE device of the remote SoC.
64*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
65*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoPlease see :ref:`NVIDIA_Uncore_PMU_Traffic_Coverage_Section` for more info about
66*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonothe PMU traffic coverage.
67*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
68*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoThe events and configuration options of this PMU device are described in sysfs,
69*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonosee /sys/bus/event_sources/devices/nvidia_nvlink_c2c0_pmu_<socket-id>.
70*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
71*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoExample usage:
72*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
73*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 from the GPU/CPU connected with socket 0::
74*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
75*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_nvlink_c2c0_pmu_0/event=0x0/
76*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
77*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 from the GPU/CPU connected with socket 1::
78*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
79*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_nvlink_c2c0_pmu_1/event=0x0/
80*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
81*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 from the GPU/CPU connected with socket 2::
82*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
83*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_nvlink_c2c0_pmu_2/event=0x0/
84*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
85*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 from the GPU/CPU connected with socket 3::
86*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
87*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_nvlink_c2c0_pmu_3/event=0x0/
88*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
89*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoNVLink-C2C1 PMU
90*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono-------------------
91*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
92*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoThe NVLink-C2C1 PMU monitors incoming traffic from a GPU connected with
93*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoNVLink-C2C (Chip-2-Chip) interconnect. This PMU captures untranslated GPU
94*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonotraffic, in contrast with NvLink-C2C0 PMU that captures ATS translated traffic.
95*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoPlease see :ref:`NVIDIA_Uncore_PMU_Traffic_Coverage_Section` for more info about
96*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonothe PMU traffic coverage.
97*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
98*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoThe events and configuration options of this PMU device are described in sysfs,
99*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonosee /sys/bus/event_sources/devices/nvidia_nvlink_c2c1_pmu_<socket-id>.
100*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
101*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoExample usage:
102*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
103*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 from the GPU connected with socket 0::
104*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
105*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_nvlink_c2c1_pmu_0/event=0x0/
106*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
107*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 from the GPU connected with socket 1::
108*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
109*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_nvlink_c2c1_pmu_1/event=0x0/
110*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
111*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 from the GPU connected with socket 2::
112*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
113*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_nvlink_c2c1_pmu_2/event=0x0/
114*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
115*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 from the GPU connected with socket 3::
116*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
117*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_nvlink_c2c1_pmu_3/event=0x0/
118*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
119*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoCNVLink PMU
120*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono---------------
121*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
122*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoThe CNVLink PMU monitors traffic from GPU and PCIE device on remote sockets
123*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonoto local memory. For PCIE traffic, this PMU captures read and relaxed ordered
124*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono(RO) write traffic. Please see :ref:`NVIDIA_Uncore_PMU_Traffic_Coverage_Section`
125*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonofor more info about the PMU traffic coverage.
126*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
127*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoThe events and configuration options of this PMU device are described in sysfs,
128*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonosee /sys/bus/event_sources/devices/nvidia_cnvlink_pmu_<socket-id>.
129*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
130*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoEach SoC socket can be connected to one or more sockets via CNVLink. The user can
131*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonouse "rem_socket" bitmap parameter to select the remote socket(s) to monitor.
132*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoEach bit represents the socket number, e.g. "rem_socket=0xE" corresponds to
133*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonosocket 1 to 3.
134*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono/sys/bus/event_sources/devices/nvidia_cnvlink_pmu_<socket-id>/format/rem_socket
135*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonoshows the valid bits that can be set in the "rem_socket" parameter.
136*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
137*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoThe PMU can not distinguish the remote traffic initiator, therefore it does not
138*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonoprovide filter to select the traffic source to monitor. It reports combined
139*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonotraffic from remote GPU and PCIE devices.
140*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
141*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoExample usage:
142*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
143*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 for the traffic from remote socket 1, 2, and 3 to socket 0::
144*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
145*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_cnvlink_pmu_0/event=0x0,rem_socket=0xE/
146*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
147*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 for the traffic from remote socket 0, 2, and 3 to socket 1::
148*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
149*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_cnvlink_pmu_1/event=0x0,rem_socket=0xD/
150*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
151*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 for the traffic from remote socket 0, 1, and 3 to socket 2::
152*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
153*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_cnvlink_pmu_2/event=0x0,rem_socket=0xB/
154*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
155*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 for the traffic from remote socket 0, 1, and 2 to socket 3::
156*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
157*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_cnvlink_pmu_3/event=0x0,rem_socket=0x7/
158*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
159*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
160*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoPCIE PMU
161*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono------------
162*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
163*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoThe PCIE PMU monitors all read/write traffic from PCIE root ports to
164*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonolocal/remote memory. Please see :ref:`NVIDIA_Uncore_PMU_Traffic_Coverage_Section`
165*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonofor more info about the PMU traffic coverage.
166*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
167*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoThe events and configuration options of this PMU device are described in sysfs,
168*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonosee /sys/bus/event_sources/devices/nvidia_pcie_pmu_<socket-id>.
169*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
170*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoEach SoC socket can support multiple root ports. The user can use
171*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono"root_port" bitmap parameter to select the port(s) to monitor, i.e.
172*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono"root_port=0xF" corresponds to root port 0 to 3.
173*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono/sys/bus/event_sources/devices/nvidia_pcie_pmu_<socket-id>/format/root_port
174*84481be7SBesar Wicaksonoshows the valid bits that can be set in the "root_port" parameter.
175*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
176*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoExample usage:
177*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
178*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 from root port 0 and 1 of socket 0::
179*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
180*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_pcie_pmu_0/event=0x0,root_port=0x3/
181*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
182*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* Count event id 0x0 from root port 0 and 1 of socket 1::
183*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
184*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   perf stat -a -e nvidia_pcie_pmu_1/event=0x0,root_port=0x3/
185*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
186*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono.. _NVIDIA_Uncore_PMU_Traffic_Coverage_Section:
187*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
188*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoTraffic Coverage
189*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono----------------
190*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
191*84481be7SBesar WicaksonoThe PMU traffic coverage may vary dependent on the chip configuration:
192*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
193*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* **NVIDIA Grace Hopper Superchip**: Hopper GPU is connected with Grace SoC.
194*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
195*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono  Example configuration with two Grace SoCs::
196*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
197*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *********************************          *********************************
198*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   * SOCKET-A                      *          * SOCKET-B                      *
199*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *                               *          *                               *
200*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *                     ::::::::  *          *  ::::::::                     *
201*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *                     : PCIE :  *          *  : PCIE :                     *
202*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *                     ::::::::  *          *  ::::::::                     *
203*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *                         |     *          *      |                        *
204*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *                         |     *          *      |                        *
205*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *  :::::::            ::::::::: *          *  :::::::::            ::::::: *
206*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *  :     :            :       : *          *  :       :            :     : *
207*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *  : GPU :<--NVLink-->: Grace :<---CNVLink--->: Grace :<--NVLink-->: GPU : *
208*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *  :     :    C2C     :  SoC  : *          *  :  SoC  :    C2C     :     : *
209*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *  :::::::            ::::::::: *          *  :::::::::            ::::::: *
210*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *     |                   |     *          *      |                   |    *
211*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *     |                   |     *          *      |                   |    *
212*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *  &&&&&&&&           &&&&&&&&  *          *   &&&&&&&&           &&&&&&&& *
213*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *  & GMEM &           & CMEM &  *          *   & CMEM &           & GMEM & *
214*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *  &&&&&&&&           &&&&&&&&  *          *   &&&&&&&&           &&&&&&&& *
215*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *                               *          *                               *
216*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *********************************          *********************************
217*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
218*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   GMEM = GPU Memory (e.g. HBM)
219*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   CMEM = CPU Memory (e.g. LPDDR5X)
220*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
221*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono  |
222*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono  | Following table contains traffic coverage of Grace SoC PMU in socket-A:
223*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
224*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono  ::
225*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
226*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   +--------------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----+----------+----------+
227*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   |              |                        Source                             |
228*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   +              +-------+-----------+-----------+-----+----------+----------+
229*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   | Destination  |       |GPU ATS    |GPU Not-ATS|     | Socket-B | Socket-B |
230*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   |              |PCI R/W|Translated,|Translated | CPU | CPU/PCIE1| GPU/PCIE2|
231*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   |              |       |EGM        |           |     |          |          |
232*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   +==============+=======+===========+===========+=====+==========+==========+
233*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   | Local        | PCIE  |NVLink-C2C0|NVLink-C2C1| SCF | SCF PMU  | CNVLink  |
234*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   | SYSRAM/CMEM  | PMU   |PMU        |PMU        | PMU |          | PMU      |
235*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   +--------------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----+----------+----------+
236*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   | Local GMEM   | PCIE  |    N/A    |NVLink-C2C1| SCF | SCF PMU  | CNVLink  |
237*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   |              | PMU   |           |PMU        | PMU |          | PMU      |
238*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   +--------------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----+----------+----------+
239*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   | Remote       | PCIE  |NVLink-C2C0|NVLink-C2C1| SCF |          |          |
240*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   | SYSRAM/CMEM  | PMU   |PMU        |PMU        | PMU |   N/A    |   N/A    |
241*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   | over CNVLink |       |           |           |     |          |          |
242*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   +--------------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----+----------+----------+
243*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   | Remote GMEM  | PCIE  |NVLink-C2C0|NVLink-C2C1| SCF |          |          |
244*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   | over CNVLink | PMU   |PMU        |PMU        | PMU |   N/A    |   N/A    |
245*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   +--------------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----+----------+----------+
246*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
247*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   PCIE1 traffic represents strongly ordered (SO) writes.
248*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   PCIE2 traffic represents reads and relaxed ordered (RO) writes.
249*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
250*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono* **NVIDIA Grace CPU Superchip**: two Grace CPU SoCs are connected.
251*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
252*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono  Example configuration with two Grace SoCs::
253*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
254*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *******************             *******************
255*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   * SOCKET-A        *             * SOCKET-B        *
256*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *                 *             *                 *
257*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *    ::::::::     *             *    ::::::::     *
258*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *    : PCIE :     *             *    : PCIE :     *
259*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *    ::::::::     *             *    ::::::::     *
260*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *        |        *             *        |        *
261*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *        |        *             *        |        *
262*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *    :::::::::    *             *    :::::::::    *
263*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *    :       :    *             *    :       :    *
264*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *    : Grace :<--------NVLink------->: Grace :    *
265*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *    :  SoC  :    *     C2C     *    :  SoC  :    *
266*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *    :::::::::    *             *    :::::::::    *
267*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *        |        *             *        |        *
268*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *        |        *             *        |        *
269*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *     &&&&&&&&    *             *     &&&&&&&&    *
270*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *     & CMEM &    *             *     & CMEM &    *
271*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *     &&&&&&&&    *             *     &&&&&&&&    *
272*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *                 *             *                 *
273*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   *******************             *******************
274*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
275*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   GMEM = GPU Memory (e.g. HBM)
276*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   CMEM = CPU Memory (e.g. LPDDR5X)
277*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
278*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono  |
279*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono  | Following table contains traffic coverage of Grace SoC PMU in socket-A:
280*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
281*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono  ::
282*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
283*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   +-----------------+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+
284*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   |                 |                      Source                  |
285*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   +                 +-----------+---------+----------+-------------+
286*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   | Destination     |           |         | Socket-B | Socket-B    |
287*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   |                 |  PCI R/W  |   CPU   | CPU/PCIE1| PCIE2       |
288*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   |                 |           |         |          |             |
289*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   +=================+===========+=========+==========+=============+
290*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   | Local           |  PCIE PMU | SCF PMU | SCF PMU  | NVLink-C2C0 |
291*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   | SYSRAM/CMEM     |           |         |          | PMU         |
292*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   +-----------------+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+
293*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   | Remote          |           |         |          |             |
294*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   | SYSRAM/CMEM     |  PCIE PMU | SCF PMU |   N/A    |     N/A     |
295*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   | over NVLink-C2C |           |         |          |             |
296*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   +-----------------+-----------+---------+----------+-------------+
297*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono
298*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   PCIE1 traffic represents strongly ordered (SO) writes.
299*84481be7SBesar Wicaksono   PCIE2 traffic represents reads and relaxed ordered (RO) writes.
300