License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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Merge branch 'next' into for-linus

Prepare input updates for 4.12 merge window.

Merge branch 'for-4.12/asus' into for-linus

Merge tag 'v4.11-rc1' into regulator-arizona

Linux 4.11-rc1

Merge branch 'fix/rcar' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into asoc-rcar

Merge tag 'v4.11-rc5' into next

Sync up with mainline to bring in changes to input subsystem merged
through other trees.

Merge branch 'linus' into x86/asm, to refresh the topic tree with fixes

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge tag 'efi-urgent' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi into efi/urgent

Pull a single UEFI fix from Ard:

- Reduce the severity of the notice that appears when the ESRT table

Merge tag 'efi-urgent' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi into efi/urgent

Pull a single UEFI fix from Ard:

- Reduce the severity of the notice that appears when the ESRT table points
to memory that is not covered by the memory map. It is scaring our users
and interfering with their nice splash screens. Note that the ESRT may still
be perfectly usable, and is currently (to my knowledge) not widely used to
begin with.

show more ...

Merge tag 'doc-4.11-images' of git://git.lwn.net/linux into drm-misc-next

Pointer for Markus's image conversion work.

We need this so we can merge all the pretty drm graphs for 4.12.

Signed-off-by

Merge tag 'doc-4.11-images' of git://git.lwn.net/linux into drm-misc-next

Pointer for Markus's image conversion work.

We need this so we can merge all the pretty drm graphs for 4.12.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>

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Merge tag 'irq-fixes-4.11-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/maz/arm-platforms into irq/urgent

Pull irqchip/irqdomain updates for 4.11-rc2 from Marc Zyngier

- irqchip/crossbar:

Merge tag 'irq-fixes-4.11-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/maz/arm-platforms into irq/urgent

Pull irqchip/irqdomain updates for 4.11-rc2 from Marc Zyngier

- irqchip/crossbar: Some type tidying up
- irqchip/gicv3-its: Workaround for a Qualcomm erratum
- irqdomain: Compile for for systems that don't use CONFIG_IRQ_DOMAIN

Fixed up minor conflict in the crossbar driver.

show more ...

Merge remote-tracking branch 'airlied/drm-next' into drm-intel-next-queued

Backmerge drm-next to get at all the good stuff in drm-misc. We need
that because:

- drm_connector_list_iter conversion fo

Merge remote-tracking branch 'airlied/drm-next' into drm-intel-next-queued

Backmerge drm-next to get at all the good stuff in drm-misc. We need
that because:

- drm_connector_list_iter conversion for i915 needs the core patches.
- Maarten's patches to use the new atomic state iterators also need
the core patches.
- We need the new link status property to complete the DP retraining
work, merging through 2 branches wasn't a good idea and we had to
partially backtrack.
- Chris needs reservation_object_trylock and we want to roll out
kref_read everywhere.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>

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Merge tag 'v4.11-rc1' into docs-next

Linux 4.11-rc1

Merge tag 'v4.11-rc1' into omap-for-v4.11/fixes

Linux 4.11-rc1

Merge tag 'v4.11-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 4.11-rc1

* tag 'v4.11-rc1': (10730 commits)
Linux 4.11-rc1
strparser: destroy workqueue on module exit
Documentation/sphinx: fix primary_domain conf

Merge tag 'v4.11-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 4.11-rc1

* tag 'v4.11-rc1': (10730 commits)
Linux 4.11-rc1
strparser: destroy workqueue on module exit
Documentation/sphinx: fix primary_domain configuration
docs: Fix htmldocs build failure
doc/ko_KR/memory-barriers: Update control-dependencies section
pcieaer doc: update the link
Documentation: Update path to sysrq.txt
sfc: fix IPID endianness in TSOv2
sfc: avoid max() in array size
rds: remove unnecessary returned value check
rxrpc: Fix potential NULL-pointer exception
nfp: correct DMA direction in XDP DMA sync
nfp: don't tell FW about the reserved buffer space
net: ethernet: bgmac: mac address change bug
net: ethernet: bgmac: init sequence bug
xen-netback: don't vfree() queues under spinlock
xen-netback: keep a local pointer for vif in backend_disconnect()
netfilter: nf_tables: don't call nfnetlink_set_err() if nfnetlink_send() fails
netfilter: nft_set_rbtree: incorrect assumption on lower interval lookups
netfilter: nf_conntrack_sip: fix wrong memory initialisation
...

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Merge branch 'WIP.sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull sched.h split-up from Ingo Molnar:
"The point of these changes is to significantly reduce the

Merge branch 'WIP.sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull sched.h split-up from Ingo Molnar:
"The point of these changes is to significantly reduce the
<linux/sched.h> header footprint, to speed up the kernel build and to
have a cleaner header structure.

After these changes the new <linux/sched.h>'s typical preprocessed
size goes down from a previous ~0.68 MB (~22K lines) to ~0.45 MB (~15K
lines), which is around 40% faster to build on typical configs.

Not much changed from the last version (-v2) posted three weeks ago: I
eliminated quirks, backmerged fixes plus I rebased it to an upstream
SHA1 from yesterday that includes most changes queued up in -next plus
all sched.h changes that were pending from Andrew.

I've re-tested the series both on x86 and on cross-arch defconfigs,
and did a bisectability test at a number of random points.

I tried to test as many build configurations as possible, but some
build breakage is probably still left - but it should be mostly
limited to architectures that have no cross-compiler binaries
available on kernel.org, and non-default configurations"

* 'WIP.sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (146 commits)
sched/headers: Clean up <linux/sched.h>
sched/headers: Remove #ifdefs from <linux/sched.h>
sched/headers: Remove the <linux/topology.h> include from <linux/sched.h>
sched/headers, hrtimer: Remove the <linux/wait.h> include from <linux/hrtimer.h>
sched/headers, x86/apic: Remove the <linux/pm.h> header inclusion from <asm/apic.h>
sched/headers, timers: Remove the <linux/sysctl.h> include from <linux/timer.h>
sched/headers: Remove <linux/magic.h> from <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
sched/headers: Remove <linux/sched.h> from <linux/sched/init.h>
sched/core: Remove unused prefetch_stack()
sched/headers: Remove <linux/rculist.h> from <linux/sched.h>
sched/headers: Remove the 'init_pid_ns' prototype from <linux/sched.h>
sched/headers: Remove <linux/signal.h> from <linux/sched.h>
sched/headers: Remove <linux/rwsem.h> from <linux/sched.h>
sched/headers: Remove the runqueue_is_locked() prototype
sched/headers: Remove <linux/sched.h> from <linux/sched/hotplug.h>
sched/headers: Remove <linux/sched.h> from <linux/sched/debug.h>
sched/headers: Remove <linux/sched.h> from <linux/sched/nohz.h>
sched/headers: Remove <linux/sched.h> from <linux/sched/stat.h>
sched/headers: Remove the <linux/gfp.h> include from <linux/sched.h>
sched/headers: Remove <linux/rtmutex.h> from <linux/sched.h>
...

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sched/headers: Prepare to move the memalloc_noio_*() APIs to <linux/sched/mm.h>

Update the .c files that depend on these APIs.

Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galb

sched/headers: Prepare to move the memalloc_noio_*() APIs to <linux/sched/mm.h>

Update the .c files that depend on these APIs.

Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

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Merge branch 'linus' into WIP.x86/boot, to fix up conflicts and to pick up updates

Conflicts:
arch/x86/xen/setup.c

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge tag 'ceph-for-4.11-rc1' of git://github.com/ceph/ceph-client

Pull ceph updates from Ilya Dryomov:
"This time around we have:

- support for rbd data-pool feature, which enables rbd images

Merge tag 'ceph-for-4.11-rc1' of git://github.com/ceph/ceph-client

Pull ceph updates from Ilya Dryomov:
"This time around we have:

- support for rbd data-pool feature, which enables rbd images on
erasure-coded pools (myself). CEPH_PG_MAX_SIZE has been bumped to
allow erasure-coded profiles with k+m up to 32.

- a patch for ceph_d_revalidate() performance regression introduced
in 4.9, along with some cleanups in the area (Jeff Layton)

- a set of fixes for unsafe ->d_parent accesses in CephFS (Jeff
Layton)

- buffered reads are now processed in rsize windows instead of rasize
windows (Andreas Gerstmayr). The new default for rsize mount option
is 64M.

- ack vs commit distinction is gone, greatly simplifying ->fsync()
and MOSDOpReply handling code (myself)

... also a few filesystem bug fixes from Zheng, a CRUSH sync up (CRUSH
computations are still serialized though) and several minor fixes and
cleanups all over"

* tag 'ceph-for-4.11-rc1' of git://github.com/ceph/ceph-client: (52 commits)
libceph, rbd, ceph: WRITE | ONDISK -> WRITE
libceph: get rid of ack vs commit
ceph: remove special ack vs commit behavior
ceph: tidy some white space in get_nonsnap_parent()
crush: fix dprintk compilation
crush: do is_out test only if we do not collide
ceph: remove req from unsafe list when unregistering it
rbd: constify device_type structure
rbd: kill obj_request->object_name and rbd_segment_name_cache
rbd: store and use obj_request->object_no
rbd: RBD_V{1,2}_DATA_FORMAT macros
rbd: factor out __rbd_osd_req_create()
rbd: set offset and length outside of rbd_obj_request_create()
rbd: support for data-pool feature
rbd: introduce rbd_init_layout()
rbd: use rbd_obj_bytes() more
rbd: remove now unused rbd_obj_request_wait() and helpers
rbd: switch rbd_obj_method_sync() to ceph_osdc_call()
libceph: pass reply buffer length through ceph_osdc_call()
rbd: do away with obj_request in rbd_obj_read_sync()
...

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Merge tag 'v4.10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux into for-next

Linux 4.10

Merge tag 'v4.10' into patchwork

Linux 4.10

* tag 'v4.10': (1558 commits)
Linux 4.10
Fix missing sanity check in /dev/sg
scsi: don't BUG_ON() empty DMA transfers
ipv6: release dst on error

Merge tag 'v4.10' into patchwork

Linux 4.10

* tag 'v4.10': (1558 commits)
Linux 4.10
Fix missing sanity check in /dev/sg
scsi: don't BUG_ON() empty DMA transfers
ipv6: release dst on error in ip6_dst_lookup_tail
printk: use rcuidle console tracepoint
ARM: multi_v7_defconfig: enable Qualcomm RPMCC
irda: Fix lockdep annotations in hashbin_delete().
vxlan: fix oops in dev_fill_metadata_dst
dccp: fix freeing skb too early for IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
dpaa_eth: small leak on error
packet: Do not call fanout_release from atomic contexts
reset: fix shared reset triggered_count decrement on error
ntb: ntb_hw_intel: link_poll isn't clearing the pending status properly
ntb_transport: Pick an unused queue
ntb: ntb_perf missing dmaengine_unmap_put
NTB: ntb_transport: fix debugfs_remove_recursive
Revert "nohz: Fix collision between tick and other hrtimers"
vfs: fix uninitialized flags in splice_to_pipe()
drm/radeon: Use mode h/vdisplay fields to hide out of bounds HW cursor
ARM: 8658/1: uaccess: fix zeroing of 64-bit get_user()
...

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Merge branches 'for-4.10/upstream-fixes', 'for-4.11/intel-ish', 'for-4.11/mayflash', 'for-4.11/microsoft', 'for-4.11/rmi', 'for-4.11/upstream' and 'for-4.11/wacom' into for-linus

libceph: include linux/sched.h into crypto.c directly

Currently crypto.c gets linux/sched.h indirectly through linux/slab.h
from linux/kasan.h. Include it directly for memalloc_noio_*() inlines.

S

libceph: include linux/sched.h into crypto.c directly

Currently crypto.c gets linux/sched.h indirectly through linux/slab.h
from linux/kasan.h. Include it directly for memalloc_noio_*() inlines.

Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>

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Merge remote-tracking branches 'spi/topic/rockchip', 'spi/topic/rspi', 'spi/topic/s3c64xx', 'spi/topic/sh-msiof' and 'spi/topic/slave' into spi-next

Merge remote-tracking branches 'asoc/topic/max9867', 'asoc/topic/mtk', 'asoc/topic/nau8540', 'asoc/topic/nau8825' and 'asoc/topic/omap' into asoc-next

Merge tag 'asoc-fix-v4.10-rc3' into asoc-linus

ASoC: Fixes for v4.10

As well as the usual smattering of driver specific fixes collected since
the merge window this has one particularly important fi

Merge tag 'asoc-fix-v4.10-rc3' into asoc-linus

ASoC: Fixes for v4.10

As well as the usual smattering of driver specific fixes collected since
the merge window this has one particularly important fix to the core for
handling of aux_devs which was broken during the merge window by some of
the componentization refactoring.

# gpg: Signature made Wed 11 Jan 2017 17:26:37 GMT
# gpg: using RSA key ADE668AA675718B59FE29FEA24D68B725D5487D0
# gpg: issuer "broonie@kernel.org"
# gpg: key 0D9EACE2CD7BEEBC: no public key for trusted key - skipped
# gpg: key 0D9EACE2CD7BEEBC marked as ultimately trusted
# gpg: key CCB0A420AF88CD16: no public key for trusted key - skipped
# gpg: key CCB0A420AF88CD16 marked as ultimately trusted
# gpg: key 162614E316005C11: no public key for trusted key - skipped
# gpg: key 162614E316005C11 marked as ultimately trusted
# gpg: key A730C53A5621E907: no public key for trusted key - skipped
# gpg: key A730C53A5621E907 marked as ultimately trusted
# gpg: key 276568D75C6153AD: no public key for trusted key - skipped
# gpg: key 276568D75C6153AD marked as ultimately trusted
# gpg: Good signature from "Mark Brown <broonie@sirena.org.uk>" [ultimate]
# gpg: aka "Mark Brown <broonie@debian.org>" [ultimate]
# gpg: aka "Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>" [ultimate]
# gpg: aka "Mark Brown <broonie@tardis.ed.ac.uk>" [ultimate]
# gpg: aka "Mark Brown <broonie@linaro.org>" [ultimate]
# gpg: aka "Mark Brown <Mark.Brown@linaro.org>" [ultimate]

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