rcu/nocb: Reduce ->nocb_lock contention with separate ->nocb_gp_lock

The sleep/wakeup of the no-CBs grace-period kthreads is synchronized
using the ->nocb_lock of the first CPU corresponding to that

rcu/nocb: Reduce ->nocb_lock contention with separate ->nocb_gp_lock

The sleep/wakeup of the no-CBs grace-period kthreads is synchronized
using the ->nocb_lock of the first CPU corresponding to that kthread.
This commit provides a separate ->nocb_gp_lock for this purpose, thus
reducing contention on ->nocb_lock.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

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rcu/nocb: Avoid ->nocb_lock capture by corresponding CPU

A given rcu_data structure's ->nocb_lock can be acquired very frequently
by the corresponding CPU and occasionally by the corresponding no-CB

rcu/nocb: Avoid ->nocb_lock capture by corresponding CPU

A given rcu_data structure's ->nocb_lock can be acquired very frequently
by the corresponding CPU and occasionally by the corresponding no-CBs
grace-period and callbacks kthreads. In particular, these two kthreads
will have frequent gaps between ->nocb_lock acquisitions that are roughly
a grace period in duration. This means that any excessive ->nocb_lock
contention will be due to the CPU's acquisitions, and this in turn
enables a very naive contention-avoidance strategy to be quite effective.

This commit therefore modifies rcu_nocb_lock() to first
attempt a raw_spin_trylock(), and to atomically increment a
separate ->nocb_lock_contended across a raw_spin_lock(). This new
->nocb_lock_contended field is checked in __call_rcu_nocb_wake() when
interrupts are enabled, with a spin-wait for contending acquisitions
to complete, thus allowing the kthreads a chance to acquire the lock.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

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rcu/nocb: Remove obsolete nocb_gp_head and nocb_gp_tail fields

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

rcu/nocb: Remove obsolete nocb_cb_tail and nocb_cb_head fields

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

rcu/nocb: Remove obsolete nocb_q_count and nocb_q_count_lazy fields

This commit removes the obsolete nocb_q_count and nocb_q_count_lazy
fields, also removing rcu_get_n_cbs_nocb_cpu(), adjusting
rcu_

rcu/nocb: Remove obsolete nocb_q_count and nocb_q_count_lazy fields

This commit removes the obsolete nocb_q_count and nocb_q_count_lazy
fields, also removing rcu_get_n_cbs_nocb_cpu(), adjusting
rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(), and making rcutree_migrate_callbacks() once again
disable the ->cblist fields of offline CPUs.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

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rcu/nocb: Remove obsolete nocb_head and nocb_tail fields

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

rcu/nocb: Use rcu_segcblist for no-CBs CPUs

Currently the RCU callbacks for no-CBs CPUs are queued on a series of
ad-hoc linked lists, which means that these callbacks cannot benefit
from "drive-by"

rcu/nocb: Use rcu_segcblist for no-CBs CPUs

Currently the RCU callbacks for no-CBs CPUs are queued on a series of
ad-hoc linked lists, which means that these callbacks cannot benefit
from "drive-by" grace periods, thus suffering needless delays prior
to invocation. In addition, the no-CBs grace-period kthreads first
wait for callbacks to appear and later wait for a new grace period,
which means that callbacks appearing during a grace-period wait can
be delayed. These delays increase memory footprint, and could even
result in an out-of-memory condition.

This commit therefore enqueues RCU callbacks from no-CBs CPUs on the
rcu_segcblist structure that is already used by non-no-CBs CPUs. It also
restructures the no-CBs grace-period kthread to be checking for incoming
callbacks while waiting for grace periods. Also, instead of waiting
for a new grace period, it waits for the closest grace period that will
cause some of the callbacks to be safe to invoke. All of these changes
reduce callback latency and thus the number of outstanding callbacks,
in turn reducing the probability of an out-of-memory condition.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

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rcu/nocb: Leave ->cblist enabled for no-CBs CPUs

As a first step towards making no-CBs CPUs use the ->cblist, this commit
leaves the ->cblist enabled for these CPUs. The main reason to make
no-CBs

rcu/nocb: Leave ->cblist enabled for no-CBs CPUs

As a first step towards making no-CBs CPUs use the ->cblist, this commit
leaves the ->cblist enabled for these CPUs. The main reason to make
no-CBs CPUs use ->cblist is to take advantage of callback numbering,
which will reduce the effects of missed grace periods which in turn will
reduce forward-progress problems for no-CBs CPUs.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

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rcu/nocb: Provide separate no-CBs grace-period kthreads

Currently, there is one no-CBs rcuo kthread per CPU, and these kthreads
are divided into groups. The first rcuo kthread to come online in a
g

rcu/nocb: Provide separate no-CBs grace-period kthreads

Currently, there is one no-CBs rcuo kthread per CPU, and these kthreads
are divided into groups. The first rcuo kthread to come online in a
given group is that group's leader, and the leader both waits for grace
periods and invokes its CPU's callbacks. The non-leader rcuo kthreads
only invoke callbacks.

This works well in the real-time/embedded environments for which it was
intended because such environments tend not to generate all that many
callbacks. However, given huge floods of callbacks, it is possible for
the leader kthread to be stuck invoking callbacks while its followers
wait helplessly while their callbacks pile up. This is a good recipe
for an OOM, and rcutorture's new callback-flood capability does generate
such OOMs.

One strategy would be to wait until such OOMs start happening in
production, but similar OOMs have in fact happened starting in 2018.
It would therefore be wise to take a more proactive approach.

This commit therefore features per-CPU rcuo kthreads that do nothing
but invoke callbacks. Instead of having one of these kthreads act as
leader, each group has a separate rcog kthread that handles grace periods
for its group. Because these rcuog kthreads do not invoke callbacks,
callback floods on one CPU no longer block callbacks from reaching the
rcuc callback-invocation kthreads on other CPUs.

This change does introduce additional kthreads, however:

1. The number of additional kthreads is about the square root of
the number of CPUs, so that a 4096-CPU system would have only
about 64 additional kthreads. Note that recent changes
decreased the number of rcuo kthreads by a factor of two
(CONFIG_PREEMPT=n) or even three (CONFIG_PREEMPT=y), so
this still represents a significant improvement on most systems.

2. The leading "rcuo" of the rcuog kthreads should allow existing
scripting to affinity these additional kthreads as needed, the
same as for the rcuop and rcuos kthreads. (There are no longer
any rcuob kthreads.)

3. A state-machine approach was considered and rejected. Although
this would allow the rcuo kthreads to continue their dual
leader/follower roles, it complicates callback invocation
and makes it more difficult to consolidate rcuo callback
invocation with existing softirq callback invocation.

The introduction of rcuog kthreads should thus be acceptable.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

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rcu/nocb: Update comments to prepare for forward-progress work

This commit simply rewords comments to prepare for leader nocb kthreads
doing only grace-period work and callback shuffling. This will

rcu/nocb: Update comments to prepare for forward-progress work

This commit simply rewords comments to prepare for leader nocb kthreads
doing only grace-period work and callback shuffling. This will mean
the addition of replacement kthreads to invoke callbacks. The "leader"
and "follower" thus become less meaningful, so the commit changes no-CB
comments with these strings to "GP" and "CB", respectively. (Give or
take the usual grammatical transformations.)

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

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rcu/nocb: Rename rcu_data fields to prepare for forward-progress work

This commit simply renames rcu_data fields to prepare for leader
nocb kthreads doing only grace-period work and callback shuffli

rcu/nocb: Rename rcu_data fields to prepare for forward-progress work

This commit simply renames rcu_data fields to prepare for leader
nocb kthreads doing only grace-period work and callback shuffling.
This will mean the addition of replacement kthreads to invoke callbacks.
The "leader" and "follower" thus become less meaningful, so the commit
changes no-CB fields with these strings to "gp" and "cb", respectively.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

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Merge branch 'ti-sysc-fixes' into fixes

Merge tag 'efi-urgent' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi into efi/urgent

Pull a single EFI fix for v5.3 from Ard:

- Fix mixed mode breakage in EFI config table handling for

Merge tag 'efi-urgent' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi into efi/urgent

Pull a single EFI fix for v5.3 from Ard:

- Fix mixed mode breakage in EFI config table handling for TPM.

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Merge tag 'v5.3-rc4' into next

Sync up with mainline to bring in device_property_count_u32 andother
newer APIs.

Merge tag 'v5.3-rc3' into drm-next-5.4

Linux 5.3-rc3

Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>

Merge drm/drm-next into drm-intel-next-queued

Catching up with 5.3-rc*

Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>

Merge tag 'v5.3-rc1' into regulator-5.3

Linus 5.3-rc1

Merge tag 'v5.3-rc1' into docs-next

Pull in all of the massive docs changes from elsewhere.

Merge v5.3-rc1 into drm-misc-next

Noralf needs some SPI patches in 5.3 to merge some work on tinydrm.

Signed-off-by: Maxime Ripard <maxime.ripard@bootlin.com>

Merge tag 'v5.3-rc1' into patchwork

Linus 5.3-rc1

* tag 'v5.3-rc1': (12816 commits)
Linus 5.3-rc1
iommu/amd: fix a crash in iova_magazine_free_pfns
hexagon: switch to generic version of pte a

Merge tag 'v5.3-rc1' into patchwork

Linus 5.3-rc1

* tag 'v5.3-rc1': (12816 commits)
Linus 5.3-rc1
iommu/amd: fix a crash in iova_magazine_free_pfns
hexagon: switch to generic version of pte allocation
typo fix: it's d_make_root, not d_make_inode...
dt-bindings: pinctrl: stm32: Fix missing 'clocks' property in examples
dt-bindings: iio: ad7124: Fix dtc warnings in example
dt-bindings: iio: avia-hx711: Fix avdd-supply typo in example
dt-bindings: pinctrl: aspeed: Fix AST2500 example errors
dt-bindings: pinctrl: aspeed: Fix 'compatible' schema errors
dt-bindings: riscv: Limit cpus schema to only check RiscV 'cpu' nodes
dt-bindings: Ensure child nodes are of type 'object'
x86/entry/64: Prevent clobbering of saved CR2 value
smp: Warn on function calls from softirq context
KVM: x86: Add fixed counters to PMU filter
KVM: nVMX: do not use dangling shadow VMCS after guest reset
KVM: VMX: dump VMCS on failed entry
KVM: x86/vPMU: refine kvm_pmu err msg when event creation failed
KVM: s390: Use kvm_vcpu_wake_up in kvm_s390_vcpu_wakeup
KVM: Boost vCPUs that are delivering interrupts
KVM: selftests: Remove superfluous define from vmx.c
...

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Merge branch 'topic/hda-acomp-base' into for-next

Pull the support for AMD / Nvidia HD-audio compmonent notification

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Merge branch 'next' into for-linus

Prepare second round of input updates for 5.3 merge window.

Merge tag 'v5.2' into next

Sync up with mainline to resolve conflicts in iforce driver.

Merge branch 'next' into for-linus

Prepare input updates for 5.3 merge window.

Merge branch 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull RCU updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The changes in this cycle are:

- RCU flavor consolidation cleanups

Merge branch 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull RCU updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The changes in this cycle are:

- RCU flavor consolidation cleanups and optmizations

- Documentation updates

- Miscellaneous fixes

- SRCU updates

- RCU-sync flavor consolidation

- Torture-test updates

- Linux-kernel memory-consistency-model updates, most notably the
addition of plain C-language accesses"

* 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (61 commits)
tools/memory-model: Improve data-race detection
tools/memory-model: Change definition of rcu-fence
tools/memory-model: Expand definition of barrier
tools/memory-model: Do not use "herd" to refer to "herd7"
tools/memory-model: Fix comment in MP+poonceonces.litmus
Documentation: atomic_t.txt: Explain ordering provided by smp_mb__{before,after}_atomic()
rcu: Don't return a value from rcu_assign_pointer()
rcu: Force inlining of rcu_read_lock()
rcu: Fix irritating whitespace error in rcu_assign_pointer()
rcu: Upgrade sync_exp_work_done() to smp_mb()
rcutorture: Upper case solves the case of the vanishing NULL pointer
torture: Suppress propagating trace_printk() warning
rcutorture: Dump trace buffer for callback pipe drain failures
torture: Add --trust-make to suppress "make clean"
torture: Make --cpus override idleness calculations
torture: Run kernel build in source directory
torture: Add function graph-tracing cheat sheet
torture: Capture qemu output
rcutorture: Tweak kvm options
rcutorture: Add trivial RCU implementation
...

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