Merge branches 'pm-cpufreq-fixes' and 'pm-sleep-fixes'

* pm-cpufreq-fixes:
cpufreq: intel_pstate: Always set max P-state in performance mode
cpufreq: intel_pstate: Set P-state upfront in perform

Merge branches 'pm-cpufreq-fixes' and 'pm-sleep-fixes'

* pm-cpufreq-fixes:
cpufreq: intel_pstate: Always set max P-state in performance mode
cpufreq: intel_pstate: Set P-state upfront in performance mode

* pm-sleep-fixes:
PM / suspend: Fix missing KERN_CONT for suspend message

show more ...

Merge tag 'v4.9-rc1' into x86/urgent, to pick up updates

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge branch 'mm-pkeys-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull protection keys syscall interface from Thomas Gleixner:
"This is the final step of Protection Keys su

Merge branch 'mm-pkeys-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull protection keys syscall interface from Thomas Gleixner:
"This is the final step of Protection Keys support which adds the
syscalls so user space can actually allocate keys and protect memory
areas with them. Details and usage examples can be found in the
documentation.

The mm side of this has been acked by Mel"

* 'mm-pkeys-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/pkeys: Update documentation
x86/mm/pkeys: Do not skip PKRU register if debug registers are not used
x86/pkeys: Fix pkeys build breakage for some non-x86 arches
x86/pkeys: Add self-tests
x86/pkeys: Allow configuration of init_pkru
x86/pkeys: Default to a restrictive init PKRU
pkeys: Add details of system call use to Documentation/
generic syscalls: Wire up memory protection keys syscalls
x86: Wire up protection keys system calls
x86/pkeys: Allocation/free syscalls
x86/pkeys: Make mprotect_key() mask off additional vm_flags
mm: Implement new pkey_mprotect() system call
x86/pkeys: Add fault handling for PF_PK page fault bit

show more ...

x86/pkeys: Allocation/free syscalls

This patch adds two new system calls:

int pkey_alloc(unsigned long flags, unsigned long init_access_rights)
int pkey_free(int pkey);

These implement an "alloc

x86/pkeys: Allocation/free syscalls

This patch adds two new system calls:

int pkey_alloc(unsigned long flags, unsigned long init_access_rights)
int pkey_free(int pkey);

These implement an "allocator" for the protection keys
themselves, which can be thought of as analogous to the allocator
that the kernel has for file descriptors. The kernel tracks
which numbers are in use, and only allows operations on keys that
are valid. A key which was not obtained by pkey_alloc() may not,
for instance, be passed to pkey_mprotect().

These system calls are also very important given the kernel's use
of pkeys to implement execute-only support. These help ensure
that userspace can never assume that it has control of a key
unless it first asks the kernel. The kernel does not promise to
preserve PKRU (right register) contents except for allocated
pkeys.

The 'init_access_rights' argument to pkey_alloc() specifies the
rights that will be established for the returned pkey. For
instance:

pkey = pkey_alloc(flags, PKEY_DENY_WRITE);

will allocate 'pkey', but also sets the bits in PKRU[1] such that
writing to 'pkey' is already denied.

The kernel does not prevent pkey_free() from successfully freeing
in-use pkeys (those still assigned to a memory range by
pkey_mprotect()). It would be expensive to implement the checks
for this, so we instead say, "Just don't do it" since sane
software will never do it anyway.

Any piece of userspace calling pkey_alloc() needs to be prepared
for it to fail. Why? pkey_alloc() returns the same error code
(ENOSPC) when there are no pkeys and when pkeys are unsupported.
They can be unsupported for a whole host of reasons, so apps must
be prepared for this. Also, libraries or LD_PRELOADs might steal
keys before an application gets access to them.

This allocation mechanism could be implemented in userspace.
Even if we did it in userspace, we would still need additional
user/kernel interfaces to tell userspace which keys are being
used by the kernel internally (such as for execute-only
mappings). Having the kernel provide this facility completely
removes the need for these additional interfaces, or having an
implementation of this in userspace at all.

Note that we have to make changes to all of the architectures
that do not use mman-common.h because we use the new
PKEY_DENY_ACCESS/WRITE macros in arch-independent code.

1. PKRU is the Protection Key Rights User register. It is a
usermode-accessible register that controls whether writes
and/or access to each individual pkey is allowed or denied.

Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
Cc: arnd@arndb.de
Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: luto@kernel.org
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: torvalds@linux-foundation.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160729163015.444FE75F@viggo.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

show more ...

Merge branch 'master' into for-next

Sync with Linus' tree so that patches against newer codebase can be applied.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

Merge tag 'v4.5' into next

Merge with Linux 4.5 to get PROPERTY_ENTRY_INTEGER() that is needed to
fix pxa/raumfeld rotary encoder properties.

Orangefs: merge to v4.5

Merge tag 'v4.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux into current

Linux 4.5

Merge branch 'topic/update-bits' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/regmap into asoc-rcar

Merge remote-tracking branch 'linusw-gpio/for-next' into devm_gpiochip

Base for demv_gpiochip_add_data() and devm_gpiochip_remove().

Merge tag 'v4.5-rc5' into asoc-mtk

Linux 4.5-rc5

Merge tag 'topic/drm-misc-2016-02-12' into drm-intel-next-queued

Backmerge to get at the new encoder_mask support in atomic helpers.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>

Merge branch 'topic/acpi' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/spi into spi-pxa2xx

Merge branch 'x86/urgent' into x86/mm, to pick up dependent fix

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge branch 'linus' into efi/core, to refresh the branch and to pick up recent fixes

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net

Merge tag 'v4.5-rc1' into x86/asm, to refresh the branch before merging new changes

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge branch 'enable-devices' into omap-for-v4.5/fixes

Merge tag 'v4.5-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 4.5-rc1

* tag 'v4.5-rc1': (11309 commits)
Linux 4.5-rc1
ideapad-laptop: Add Lenovo Yoga 700 to no_hw_rfkill dmi list
MAINTAINERS: Combine multiple te

Merge tag 'v4.5-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 4.5-rc1

* tag 'v4.5-rc1': (11309 commits)
Linux 4.5-rc1
ideapad-laptop: Add Lenovo Yoga 700 to no_hw_rfkill dmi list
MAINTAINERS: Combine multiple telemetry entries
intel_telemetry_debugfs: Fix unused warnings in telemetry debugfs
vmstat: Remove BUG_ON from vmstat_update
MIPS: zboot: Add support for serial debug using the PROM
MIPS: zboot: Avoid useless rebuilds
MIPS: BMIPS: Enable ARCH_WANT_OPTIONAL_GPIOLIB
MIPS: bcm63xx: nvram: Remove unused bcm63xx_nvram_get_psi_size() function
MIPS: bcm963xx: Update bcm_tag field image_sequence
MIPS: bcm963xx: Move extended flash address to bcm_tag header file
MIPS: bcm963xx: Move Broadcom BCM963xx image tag data structure
MIPS: bcm63xx: nvram: Use nvram structure definition from header file
MIPS: bcm963xx: Add Broadcom BCM963xx board nvram data structure
MAINTAINERS: Add KVM for MIPS entry
MIPS: KVM: Add missing newline to kvm_err()
MIPS: Move KVM specific opcodes into asm/inst.h
MIPS: KVM: Use cacheops.h definitions
MIPS: Break down cacheops.h definitions
MIPS: Use EXCCODE_ constants with set_except_vector()
...

show more ...

Merge tag 'v4.4'

Linux 4.4

Orangefs: Merge tag 'v4.4-rc1' into for-next

Linux 4.4-rc1

Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)

Merge second patch-bomb from Andrew Morton:

- more MM stuff:

- Kirill's page-flags rework

- Kirill's now-allegedly-fixed THP rework

- MADV_

Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)

Merge second patch-bomb from Andrew Morton:

- more MM stuff:

- Kirill's page-flags rework

- Kirill's now-allegedly-fixed THP rework

- MADV_FREE implementation

- DAX feature work (msync/fsync). This isn't quite complete but DAX
is new and it's good enough and the guys have a handle on what
needs to be done - I expect this to be wrapped in the next week or
two.

- some vsprintf maintenance work

- various other misc bits

* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (145 commits)
printk: change recursion_bug type to bool
lib/vsprintf: factor out %pN[F] handler as netdev_bits()
lib/vsprintf: refactor duplicate code to special_hex_number()
printk-formats.txt: remove unimplemented %pT
printk: help pr_debug and pr_devel to optimize out arguments
lib/test_printf.c: test dentry printing
lib/test_printf.c: add test for large bitmaps
lib/test_printf.c: account for kvasprintf tests
lib/test_printf.c: add a few number() tests
lib/test_printf.c: test precision quirks
lib/test_printf.c: check for out-of-bound writes
lib/test_printf.c: don't BUG
lib/kasprintf.c: add sanity check to kvasprintf
lib/vsprintf.c: warn about too large precisions and field widths
lib/vsprintf.c: help gcc make number() smaller
lib/vsprintf.c: expand field_width to 24 bits
lib/vsprintf.c: eliminate potential race in string()
lib/vsprintf.c: move string() below widen_string()
lib/vsprintf.c: pull out padding code from dentry_name()
printk: do cond_resched() between lines while outputting to consoles
...

show more ...

arch/*/include/uapi/asm/mman.h: : let MADV_FREE have same value for all architectures

For uapi, need try to let all macros have same value, and MADV_FREE is
added into main branch recently, so need

arch/*/include/uapi/asm/mman.h: : let MADV_FREE have same value for all architectures

For uapi, need try to let all macros have same value, and MADV_FREE is
added into main branch recently, so need redefine MADV_FREE for it.

At present, '8' can be shared with all architectures, so redefine it to
'8'.

[sudipm.mukherjee@gmail.com: correct uniform value of MADV_FREE]
Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen.5i5j@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Roland Dreier <roland@kernel.org>
Cc: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: <yalin.wang2010@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Daniel Micay <danielmicay@gmail.com>
Cc: Jason Evans <je@fb.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mika Penttil <mika.penttila@nextfour.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sudip Mukherjee <sudip@vectorindia.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

show more ...

mm: support madvise(MADV_FREE)

Linux doesn't have an ability to free pages lazy while other OS already
have been supported that named by madvise(MADV_FREE).

The gain is clear that kernel can discar

mm: support madvise(MADV_FREE)

Linux doesn't have an ability to free pages lazy while other OS already
have been supported that named by madvise(MADV_FREE).

The gain is clear that kernel can discard freed pages rather than
swapping out or OOM if memory pressure happens.

Without memory pressure, freed pages would be reused by userspace
without another additional overhead(ex, page fault + allocation +
zeroing).

Jason Evans said:

: Facebook has been using MAP_UNINITIALIZED
: (https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/1/18/308) in some of its applications for
: several years, but there are operational costs to maintaining this
: out-of-tree in our kernel and in jemalloc, and we are anxious to retire it
: in favor of MADV_FREE. When we first enabled MAP_UNINITIALIZED it
: increased throughput for much of our workload by ~5%, and although the
: benefit has decreased using newer hardware and kernels, there is still
: enough benefit that we cannot reasonably retire it without a replacement.
:
: Aside from Facebook operations, there are numerous broadly used
: applications that would benefit from MADV_FREE. The ones that immediately
: come to mind are redis, varnish, and MariaDB. I don't have much insight
: into Android internals and development process, but I would hope to see
: MADV_FREE support eventually end up there as well to benefit applications
: linked with the integrated jemalloc.
:
: jemalloc will use MADV_FREE once it becomes available in the Linux kernel.
: In fact, jemalloc already uses MADV_FREE or equivalent everywhere it's
: available: *BSD, OS X, Windows, and Solaris -- every platform except Linux
: (and AIX, but I'm not sure it even compiles on AIX). The lack of
: MADV_FREE on Linux forced me down a long series of increasingly
: sophisticated heuristics for madvise() volume reduction, and even so this
: remains a common performance issue for people using jemalloc on Linux.
: Please integrate MADV_FREE; many people will benefit substantially.

How it works:

When madvise syscall is called, VM clears dirty bit of ptes of the
range. If memory pressure happens, VM checks dirty bit of page table
and if it found still "clean", it means it's a "lazyfree pages" so VM
could discard the page instead of swapping out. Once there was store
operation for the page before VM peek a page to reclaim, dirty bit is
set so VM can swap out the page instead of discarding.

One thing we should notice is that basically, MADV_FREE relies on dirty
bit in page table entry to decide whether VM allows to discard the page
or not. IOW, if page table entry includes marked dirty bit, VM
shouldn't discard the page.

However, as a example, if swap-in by read fault happens, page table
entry doesn't have dirty bit so MADV_FREE could discard the page
wrongly.

For avoiding the problem, MADV_FREE did more checks with PageDirty and
PageSwapCache. It worked out because swapped-in page lives on swap
cache and since it is evicted from the swap cache, the page has PG_dirty
flag. So both page flags check effectively prevent wrong discarding by
MADV_FREE.

However, a problem in above logic is that swapped-in page has PG_dirty
still after they are removed from swap cache so VM cannot consider the
page as freeable any more even if madvise_free is called in future.

Look at below example for detail.

ptr = malloc();
memset(ptr);
..
..
.. heavy memory pressure so all of pages are swapped out
..
..
var = *ptr; -> a page swapped-in and could be removed from
swapcache. Then, page table doesn't mark
dirty bit and page descriptor includes PG_dirty
..
..
madvise_free(ptr); -> It doesn't clear PG_dirty of the page.
..
..
..
.. heavy memory pressure again.
.. In this time, VM cannot discard the page because the page
.. has *PG_dirty*

To solve the problem, this patch clears PG_dirty if only the page is
owned exclusively by current process when madvise is called because
PG_dirty represents ptes's dirtiness in several processes so we could
clear it only if we own it exclusively.

Firstly, heavy users would be general allocators(ex, jemalloc, tcmalloc
and hope glibc supports it) and jemalloc/tcmalloc already have supported
the feature for other OS(ex, FreeBSD)

barrios@blaptop:~/benchmark/ebizzy$ lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 12
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-11
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 1
Socket(s): 12
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 2
Stepping: 3
CPU MHz: 3200.185
BogoMIPS: 6400.53
Virtualization: VT-x
Hypervisor vendor: KVM
Virtualization type: full
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 4096K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-11
ebizzy benchmark(./ebizzy -S 10 -n 512)

Higher avg is better.

vanilla-jemalloc MADV_free-jemalloc

1 thread
records: 10 records: 10
avg: 2961.90 avg: 12069.70
std: 71.96(2.43%) std: 186.68(1.55%)
max: 3070.00 max: 12385.00
min: 2796.00 min: 11746.00

2 thread
records: 10 records: 10
avg: 5020.00 avg: 17827.00
std: 264.87(5.28%) std: 358.52(2.01%)
max: 5244.00 max: 18760.00
min: 4251.00 min: 17382.00

4 thread
records: 10 records: 10
avg: 8988.80 avg: 27930.80
std: 1175.33(13.08%) std: 3317.33(11.88%)
max: 9508.00 max: 30879.00
min: 5477.00 min: 21024.00

8 thread
records: 10 records: 10
avg: 13036.50 avg: 33739.40
std: 170.67(1.31%) std: 5146.22(15.25%)
max: 13371.00 max: 40572.00
min: 12785.00 min: 24088.00

16 thread
records: 10 records: 10
avg: 11092.40 avg: 31424.20
std: 710.60(6.41%) std: 3763.89(11.98%)
max: 12446.00 max: 36635.00
min: 9949.00 min: 25669.00

32 thread
records: 10 records: 10
avg: 11067.00 avg: 34495.80
std: 971.06(8.77%) std: 2721.36(7.89%)
max: 12010.00 max: 38598.00
min: 9002.00 min: 30636.00

In summary, MADV_FREE is about much faster than MADV_DONTNEED.

This patch (of 12):

Add core MADV_FREE implementation.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: small cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mika Penttil <mika.penttila@nextfour.com>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jason Evans <je@fb.com>
Cc: Daniel Micay <danielmicay@gmail.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: <yalin.wang2010@gmail.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: "Shaohua Li" <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chen Gang <gang.chen.5i5j@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Roland Dreier <roland@kernel.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

show more ...

Merge branch 'next' into for-linus

Prepare first round of input updates for 4.5 merge window.

Merge back earlier 'pm-domains' material for v4.5.