Merge branch 'kvm-amd-fixes' into HEAD

Merge tag 'v5.6' into next

Sync up with mainline to get device tree and other changes.

Merge branch 'for-mingo' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu into core/rcu

Pull RCU updates from Paul McKenney:

1. Miscellaneous fixes.
2. kfree_rcu() updates.

Merge branch 'for-mingo' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu into core/rcu

Pull RCU updates from Paul McKenney:

1. Miscellaneous fixes.
2. kfree_rcu() updates.
3. Remove scheduler locking restriction
4. RCU-tasks update, including addition of RCU Tasks Trace for
BPF use and RCU Tasks Rude. (This branch is on top of #3 due
to overlap of changed code.)
5. RCU CPU stall warning updates.
6. Torture-test updates.

show more ...

Merge tag 'efi-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi into efi/core

Pull EFI changes for v5.8 from Ard Biesheuvel:

"- preliminary changes for RISC-V
- add support for setti

Merge tag 'efi-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi into efi/core

Pull EFI changes for v5.8 from Ard Biesheuvel:

"- preliminary changes for RISC-V
- add support for setting the resolution on the EFI framebuffer
- simplify kernel image loading for arm64
- Move .bss into .data via the linker script instead of relying on symbol
annotations.
- Get rid of __pure getters to access global variables
- Clean up the config table matching arrays"

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

show more ...

proc: modernize proc to support multiple private instances

Alexey Gladkov <gladkov.alexey@gmail.com> writes:
Procfs modernization:
---------------------
Historically procfs was always tied to pid

proc: modernize proc to support multiple private instances

Alexey Gladkov <gladkov.alexey@gmail.com> writes:
Procfs modernization:
---------------------
Historically procfs was always tied to pid namespaces, during pid
namespace creation we internally create a procfs mount for it. However,
this has the effect that all new procfs mounts are just a mirror of the
internal one, any change, any mount option update, any new future
introduction will propagate to all other procfs mounts that are in the
same pid namespace.

This may have solved several use cases in that time. However today we
face new requirements, and making procfs able to support new private
instances inside same pid namespace seems a major point. If we want to
to introduce new features and security mechanisms we have to make sure
first that we do not break existing usecases. Supporting private procfs
instances will allow to support new features and behaviour without
propagating it to all other procfs mounts.

Today procfs is more of a burden especially to some Embedded, IoT,
sandbox, container use cases. In user space we are over-mounting null
or inaccessible files on top to hide files and information. If we want
to hide pids we have to create PID namespaces otherwise mount options
propagate to all other proc mounts, changing a mount option value in one
mount will propagate to all other proc mounts. If we want to introduce
new features, then they will propagate to all other mounts too, resulting
either maybe new useful functionality or maybe breaking stuff. We have
also to note that userspace should not workaround procfs, the kernel
should just provide a sane simple interface.

In this regard several developers and maintainers pointed out that
there are problems with procfs and it has to be modernized:

"Here's another one: split up and modernize /proc." by Andy Lutomirski [1]

Discussion about kernel pointer leaks:

"And yes, as Kees and Daniel mentioned, it's definitely not just dmesg.
In fact, the primary things tend to be /proc and /sys, not dmesg
itself." By Linus Torvalds [2]

Lot of other areas in the kernel and filesystems have been updated to be
able to support private instances, devpts is one major example [3].

Which will be used for:

1) Embedded systems and IoT: usually we have one supervisor for
apps, we have some lightweight sandbox support, however if we create
pid namespaces we have to manage all the processes inside too,
where our goal is to be able to run a bunch of apps each one inside
its own mount namespace, maybe use network namespaces for vlans
setups, but right now we only want mount namespaces, without all the
other complexity. We want procfs to behave more like a real file system,
and block access to inodes that belong to other users. The 'hidepid=' will
not work since it is a shared mount option.

2) Containers, sandboxes and Private instances of file systems - devpts case
Historically, lot of file systems inside Linux kernel view when instantiated
were just a mirror of an already created and mounted filesystem. This was the
case of devpts filesystem, it seems at that time the requirements were to
optimize things and reuse the same memory, etc. This design used to work but not
anymore with today's containers, IoT, hostile environments and all the privacy
challenges that Linux faces.

In that regards, devpts was updated so that each new mounts is a total
independent file system by the following patches:

"devpts: Make each mount of devpts an independent filesystem" by
Eric W. Biederman [3] [4]

3) Linux Security Modules have multiple ptrace paths inside some
subsystems, however inside procfs, the implementation does not guarantee
that the ptrace() check which triggers the security_ptrace_check() hook
will always run. We have the 'hidepid' mount option that can be used to
force the ptrace_may_access() check inside has_pid_permissions() to run.
The problem is that 'hidepid' is per pid namespace and not attached to
the mount point, any remount or modification of 'hidepid' will propagate
to all other procfs mounts.

This also does not allow to support Yama LSM easily in desktop and user
sessions. Yama ptrace scope which restricts ptrace and some other
syscalls to be allowed only on inferiors, can be updated to have a
per-task context, where the context will be inherited during fork(),
clone() and preserved across execve(). If we support multiple private
procfs instances, then we may force the ptrace_may_access() on
/proc/<pids>/ to always run inside that new procfs instances. This will
allow to specifiy on user sessions if we should populate procfs with
pids that the user can ptrace or not.

By using Yama ptrace scope, some restricted users will only be able to see
inferiors inside /proc, they won't even be able to see their other
processes. Some software like Chromium, Firefox's crash handler, Wine
and others are already using Yama to restrict which processes can be
ptracable. With this change this will give the possibility to restrict
/proc/<pids>/ but more importantly this will give desktop users a
generic and usuable way to specifiy which users should see all processes
and which user can not.

Side notes:

* This covers the lack of seccomp where it is not able to parse
arguments, it is easy to install a seccomp filter on direct syscalls
that operate on pids, however /proc/<pid>/ is a Linux ABI using
filesystem syscalls. With this change all LSMs should be able to analyze
open/read/write/close... on /proc/<pid>/

4) This will allow to implement new features either in kernel or
userspace without having to worry about procfs.
In containers, sandboxes, etc we have workarounds to hide some /proc
inodes, this should be supported natively without doing extra complex
work, the kernel should be able to support sane options that work with
today and future Linux use cases.

5) Creation of new superblock with all procfs options for each procfs
mount will fix the ignoring of mount options. The problem is that the
second mount of procfs in the same pid namespace ignores the mount
options. The mount options are ignored without error until procfs is
remounted.

Before:

proc /proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=2 0 0

mount("proc", "/tmp/proc", "proc", 0, "hidepid=1") = 0
+++ exited with 0 +++

proc /proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=2 0 0
proc /tmp/proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=2 0 0

proc /proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=1 0 0
proc /tmp/proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=1 0 0

After:

proc /proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=ptraceable 0 0

proc /proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=ptraceable 0 0
proc /tmp/proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=invisible 0 0

Introduced changes:
-------------------
Each mount of procfs creates a separate procfs instance with its own
mount options.

This series adds few new mount options:

* New 'hidepid=ptraceable' or 'hidepid=4' mount option to show only ptraceable
processes in the procfs. This allows to support lightweight sandboxes in
Embedded Linux, also solves the case for LSM where now with this mount option,
we make sure that they have a ptrace path in procfs.

* 'subset=pid' that allows to hide non-pid inodes from procfs. It can be used
in containers and sandboxes, as these are already trying to hide and block
access to procfs inodes anyway.

ChangeLog:
----------
* Rebase on top of v5.7-rc1.
* Fix a resource leak if proc is not mounted or if proc is simply reconfigured.
* Add few selftests.

* After a discussion with Eric W. Biederman, the numerical values for hidepid
parameter have been removed from uapi.
* Remove proc_self and proc_thread_self from the pid_namespace struct.
* I took into account the comment of Kees Cook.
* Update Reviewed-by tags.

* 'subset=pidfs' renamed to 'subset=pid' as suggested by Alexey Dobriyan.
* Include Reviewed-by tags.

* Rebase on top of Eric W. Biederman's procfs changes.
* Add human readable values of 'hidepid' as suggested by Andy Lutomirski.

* Started using RCU lock to clean dcache entries as suggested by Linus Torvalds.

* 'pidonly=1' renamed to 'subset=pidfs' as suggested by Alexey Dobriyan.
* HIDEPID_* moved to uapi/ as they are user interface to mount().
Suggested-by Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>

* 'hidepid=' and 'gid=' mount options are moved from pid namespace to superblock.
* 'newinstance' mount option removed as suggested by Eric W. Biederman.
Mount of procfs always creates a new instance.
* 'limit_pids' renamed to 'hidepid=3'.
* I took into account the comment of Linus Torvalds [7].
* Documentation added.

* Fixed a bug that caused a problem with the Fedora boot.
* The 'pidonly' option is visible among the mount options.

* Renamed mount options to 'newinstance' and 'pids='
Suggested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
* Fixed order of commit, Suggested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
* Many bug fixes.

* Removed 'unshared' mount option and replaced it with 'limit_pids'
which is attached to the current procfs mount.
Suggested-by Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
* Do not fill dcache with pid entries that we can not ptrace.
* Many bug fixes.

References:
-----------
[1] https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/ksummit-discuss/2017-January/004215.html
[2] http://www.openwall.com/lists/kernel-hardening/2017/10/05/5
[3] https://lwn.net/Articles/689539/
[4] http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/Documentation/filesystems/devpts.txt?v=3.14
[5] https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/5/2/407
[6] https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/5/3/357
[7] https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/5/11/505

Alexey Gladkov (7):
proc: rename struct proc_fs_info to proc_fs_opts
proc: allow to mount many instances of proc in one pid namespace
proc: instantiate only pids that we can ptrace on 'hidepid=4' mount
option
proc: add option to mount only a pids subset
docs: proc: add documentation for "hidepid=4" and "subset=pid" options
and new mount behavior
proc: use human-readable values for hidepid
proc: use named enums for better readability

Documentation/filesystems/proc.rst | 92 +++++++++---
fs/proc/base.c | 48 +++++--
fs/proc/generic.c | 9 ++
fs/proc/inode.c | 30 +++-
fs/proc/root.c | 131 +++++++++++++-----
fs/proc/self.c | 6 +-
fs/proc/thread_self.c | 6 +-
fs/proc_namespace.c | 14 +-
include/linux/pid_namespace.h | 12 --
include/linux/proc_fs.h | 30 +++-
tools/testing/selftests/proc/.gitignore | 2 +
tools/testing/selftests/proc/Makefile | 2 +
.../selftests/proc/proc-fsconfig-hidepid.c | 50 +++++++
.../selftests/proc/proc-multiple-procfs.c | 48 +++++++
14 files changed, 384 insertions(+), 96 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/proc/proc-fsconfig-hidepid.c
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/proc/proc-multiple-procfs.c

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200419141057.621356-1-gladkov.alexey@gmail.com/
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>

show more ...

Merge branch 'topic/nhlt' into for-next

Merge NHLT init cleanup.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

proc: add option to mount only a pids subset

This allows to hide all files and directories in the procfs that are not
related to tasks.

Signed-off-by: Alexey Gladkov <gladkov.alexey@gmail.com>
Revi

proc: add option to mount only a pids subset

This allows to hide all files and directories in the procfs that are not
related to tasks.

Signed-off-by: Alexey Gladkov <gladkov.alexey@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

show more ...

Merge tag 'tegra-for-5.7-asoc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tegra/linux into asoc-5.7

ASoC: tegra: Fixes for v5.7-rc3

This contains a couple of fixes that are needed to properly

Merge tag 'tegra-for-5.7-asoc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tegra/linux into asoc-5.7

ASoC: tegra: Fixes for v5.7-rc3

This contains a couple of fixes that are needed to properly reconfigure
the audio clocks on older Tegra devices.

show more ...

Merge branch 'fixes-v5.7' into fixes

Merge tag 'kvm-s390-master-5.7-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kvms390/linux into kvm-master

KVM: s390: Fix for 5.7 and maintainer update

- Silence false positive lockdep warnin

Merge tag 'kvm-s390-master-5.7-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kvms390/linux into kvm-master

KVM: s390: Fix for 5.7 and maintainer update

- Silence false positive lockdep warning
- add Claudio as reviewer

show more ...

Merge drm/drm-next into drm-misc-next

Backmerging required to pull topic/phy-compliance.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de>

Merge drm/drm-next into drm-intel-next-queued

Backmerging in order to pull "topic/phy-compliance".

Signed-off-by: Joonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com>

Merge v5.7-rc1 into drm-misc-fixes

Start the new drm-misc-fixes cycle.

Signed-off-by: Maxime Ripard <maxime@cerno.tech>

Merge tag 'v5.7-rc1' into locking/kcsan, to resolve conflicts and refresh

Resolve these conflicts:

arch/x86/Kconfig
arch/x86/kernel/Makefile

Do a minor "evil merge" to move the KCSAN entry up a

Merge tag 'v5.7-rc1' into locking/kcsan, to resolve conflicts and refresh

Resolve these conflicts:

arch/x86/Kconfig
arch/x86/kernel/Makefile

Do a minor "evil merge" to move the KCSAN entry up a bit by a few lines
in the Kconfig to reduce the probability of future conflicts.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

show more ...

Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)

Merge more updates from Andrew Morton:

- a lot more of MM, quite a bit more yet to come: (memcg, pagemap,
vmalloc, pagealloc, migration, thp, ksm, madv

Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)

Merge more updates from Andrew Morton:

- a lot more of MM, quite a bit more yet to come: (memcg, pagemap,
vmalloc, pagealloc, migration, thp, ksm, madvise, virtio,
userfaultfd, memory-hotplug, shmem, rmap, zswap, zsmalloc, cleanups)

- various other subsystems (procfs, misc, MAINTAINERS, bitops, lib,
checkpatch, epoll, binfmt, kallsyms, reiserfs, kmod, gcov, kconfig,
ubsan, fault-injection, ipc)

* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (158 commits)
ipc/shm.c: make compat_ksys_shmctl() static
ipc/mqueue.c: fix a brace coding style issue
lib/Kconfig.debug: fix a typo "capabilitiy" -> "capability"
ubsan: include bug type in report header
kasan: unset panic_on_warn before calling panic()
ubsan: check panic_on_warn
drivers/misc/lkdtm/bugs.c: add arithmetic overflow and array bounds checks
ubsan: split "bounds" checker from other options
ubsan: add trap instrumentation option
init/Kconfig: clean up ANON_INODES and old IO schedulers options
kernel/gcov/fs.c: replace zero-length array with flexible-array member
gcov: gcc_3_4: replace zero-length array with flexible-array member
gcov: gcc_4_7: replace zero-length array with flexible-array member
kernel/kmod.c: fix a typo "assuems" -> "assumes"
reiserfs: clean up several indentation issues
kallsyms: unexport kallsyms_lookup_name() and kallsyms_on_each_symbol()
samples/hw_breakpoint: drop use of kallsyms_lookup_name()
samples/hw_breakpoint: drop HW_BREAKPOINT_R when reporting writes
fs/binfmt_elf.c: don't free interpreter's ELF pheaders on common path
fs/binfmt_elf.c: allocate less for static executable
...

show more ...

proc: faster open/read/close with "permanent" files

Now that "struct proc_ops" exist we can start putting there stuff which
could not fly with VFS "struct file_operations"...

Most of fs/proc/inode.

proc: faster open/read/close with "permanent" files

Now that "struct proc_ops" exist we can start putting there stuff which
could not fly with VFS "struct file_operations"...

Most of fs/proc/inode.c file is dedicated to make open/read/.../close
reliable in the event of disappearing /proc entries which usually happens
if module is getting removed. Files like /proc/cpuinfo which never
disappear simply do not need such protection.

Save 2 atomic ops, 1 allocation, 1 free per open/read/close sequence for such
"permanent" files.

Enable "permanent" flag for

/proc/cpuinfo
/proc/kmsg
/proc/modules
/proc/slabinfo
/proc/stat
/proc/sysvipc/*
/proc/swaps

More will come once I figure out foolproof way to prevent out module
authors from marking their stuff "permanent" for performance reasons
when it is not.

This should help with scalability: benchmark is "read /proc/cpuinfo R times
by N threads scattered over the system".

N R t, s (before) t, s (after)
-----------------------------------------------------
64 4096 1.582458 1.530502 -3.2%
256 4096 6.371926 6.125168 -3.9%
1024 4096 25.64888 24.47528 -4.6%

Benchmark source:

#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

const int NR_CPUS = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
int N;
const char *filename;
int R;

int xxx = 0;

int glue(int n)
{
cpu_set_t m;
CPU_ZERO(&m);
CPU_SET(n, &m);
return sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(cpu_set_t), &m);
}

void f(int n)
{
glue(n % NR_CPUS);

while (*(volatile int *)&xxx == 0) {
}

for (int i = 0; i < R; i++) {
int fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
char buf[4096];
ssize_t rv = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
asm volatile ("" :: "g" (rv));
close(fd);
}
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc < 4) {
std::cerr << "usage: " << argv[0] << ' ' << "N /proc/filename R
";
return 1;
}

N = atoi(argv[1]);
filename = argv[2];
R = atoi(argv[3]);

for (int i = 0; i < NR_CPUS; i++) {
if (glue(i) == 0)
break;
}

std::vector<std::thread> T;
T.reserve(N);
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
T.emplace_back(f, i);
}

auto t0 = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
{
*(volatile int *)&xxx = 1;
for (auto& t: T) {
t.join();
}
}
auto t1 = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
std::chrono::duration<double> dt = t1 - t0;
std::cout << dt.count() << '
';

return 0;
}

P.S.:
Explicit randomization marker is added because adding non-function pointer
will silently disable structure layout randomization.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding style fixes]
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200222201539.GA22576@avx2
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

show more ...

Merge branch 'for-5.7/appleir' into for-linus

- small code cleanups in hid-appleir from Lucas Tanure

Merge branch 'x86/kdump' into locking/kcsan, to resolve conflicts

Conflicts:
arch/x86/purgatory/Makefile

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge drm/drm-next into drm-intel-next-queued

Some DSI and VBT pending patches from Hans will apply
cleanly and with less ugly conflicts if they are rebuilt
on top of other patches that recently lan

Merge drm/drm-next into drm-intel-next-queued

Some DSI and VBT pending patches from Hans will apply
cleanly and with less ugly conflicts if they are rebuilt
on top of other patches that recently landed on drm-next.

Reference: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/series/70952/
Cc: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com

show more ...

Merge tag 'v5.6-rc3' into sched/core, to pick up fixes and dependent patches

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge drm-intel-next-queued into gvt-next

Backmerge to pull in
https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/353621/?series=73544&rev=1

Signed-off-by: Zhenyu Wang <zhenyuw@linux.intel.com>

Merge v5.6-rc2 into drm-misc-next

Lyude needs some patches in 5.6-rc2 and we didn't bring drm-misc-next
forward yet, so it looks like a good occasion.

Signed-off-by: Maxime Ripard <maxime@cerno.tec

Merge v5.6-rc2 into drm-misc-next

Lyude needs some patches in 5.6-rc2 and we didn't bring drm-misc-next
forward yet, so it looks like a good occasion.

Signed-off-by: Maxime Ripard <maxime@cerno.tech>

show more ...

Merge v5.6-rc1 into drm-misc-fixes

We're based on v5.6, need v5.6-rc1 at least. :)

Signed-off-by: Maarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@linux.intel.com>

Merge tag 'v5.5-rc4' into locking/kcsan, to resolve conflicts

Conflicts:
init/main.c
lib/Kconfig.debug

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)

Merge more updates from Andrew Morton:
"The rest of MM and the rest of everything else: hotfixes, ipc, misc,
procfs, lib, cleanups, arm"

* emailed patch

Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)

Merge more updates from Andrew Morton:
"The rest of MM and the rest of everything else: hotfixes, ipc, misc,
procfs, lib, cleanups, arm"

* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (67 commits)
ARM: dma-api: fix max_pfn off-by-one error in __dma_supported()
treewide: remove redundant IS_ERR() before error code check
include/linux/cpumask.h: don't calculate length of the input string
lib: new testcases for bitmap_parse{_user}
lib: rework bitmap_parse()
lib: make bitmap_parse_user a wrapper on bitmap_parse
lib: add test for bitmap_parse()
bitops: more BITS_TO_* macros
lib/string: add strnchrnul()
proc: convert everything to "struct proc_ops"
proc: decouple proc from VFS with "struct proc_ops"
asm-generic/tlb: provide MMU_GATHER_TABLE_FREE
asm-generic/tlb: rename HAVE_MMU_GATHER_NO_GATHER
asm-generic/tlb: rename HAVE_MMU_GATHER_PAGE_SIZE
asm-generic/tlb: rename HAVE_RCU_TABLE_FREE
asm-generic/tlb: add missing CONFIG symbol
asm-gemeric/tlb: remove stray function declarations
asm-generic/tlb: avoid potential double flush
mm/mmu_gather: invalidate TLB correctly on batch allocation failure and flush
powerpc/mmu_gather: enable RCU_TABLE_FREE even for !SMP case
...

show more ...