License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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Merge remote-tracking branch 'linusw-gpio/for-next' into devm_gpiochip

Base for demv_gpiochip_add_data() and devm_gpiochip_remove().

Merge branch 'next' into for-linus

Prepare first round of input updates for 3.20.

Merge tag 'v3.19-rc4' into next

Merge with mainline to bring in the latest thermal and other changes.

Merge tag 'topic/i915-hda-componentized-2015-01-12' into drm-intel-next-queued

Conflicts:
drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_runtime_pm.c

Separate branch so that Takashi can also pull just this refactorin

Merge tag 'topic/i915-hda-componentized-2015-01-12' into drm-intel-next-queued

Conflicts:
drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_runtime_pm.c

Separate branch so that Takashi can also pull just this refactoring
into sound-next.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>

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Merge tag 'irqchip-urgent-3.19' of git://git.infradead.org/users/jcooper/linux into irq/urgent

irqchip urgent fixes for v3.19 from Jason Cooper
- mtk-sysirq: Fix error handling
- hip04: Fix cpu ma

Merge tag 'irqchip-urgent-3.19' of git://git.infradead.org/users/jcooper/linux into irq/urgent

irqchip urgent fixes for v3.19 from Jason Cooper
- mtk-sysirq: Fix error handling
- hip04: Fix cpu map for 16bit value
- gic-v3-its: Clear a warning regarding decimal constants
- omap-intc: Fix legacy DMA regression
- atmel-aic-common: Retain priority when changing type

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Merge tag 'mvebu-fixes-3.19' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-mvebu into fixes

Pull "Fixes for 3.19" from Andrew Lunn:

Jason is taking a back seat this cycle and i'm doing all the patch
wrangling f

Merge tag 'mvebu-fixes-3.19' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-mvebu into fixes

Pull "Fixes for 3.19" from Andrew Lunn:

Jason is taking a back seat this cycle and i'm doing all the patch
wrangling for mvebu.

* tag 'mvebu-fixes-3.19' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-mvebu:
ARM: mvebu: Fix pinctrl configuration for Armada 370 DB

Also update to Linux 3.19-rc1, which this was based on.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>

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Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs

Pull VFS changes from Al Viro:
"First pile out of several (there _definitely_ will be more). Stuff in
this one:

Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs

Pull VFS changes from Al Viro:
"First pile out of several (there _definitely_ will be more). Stuff in
this one:

- unification of d_splice_alias()/d_materialize_unique()

- iov_iter rewrite

- killing a bunch of ->f_path.dentry users (and f_dentry macro).

Getting that completed will make life much simpler for
unionmount/overlayfs, since then we'll be able to limit the places
sensitive to file _dentry_ to reasonably few. Which allows to have
file_inode(file) pointing to inode in a covered layer, with dentry
pointing to (negative) dentry in union one.

Still not complete, but much closer now.

- crapectomy in lustre (dead code removal, mostly)

- "let's make seq_printf return nothing" preparations

- assorted cleanups and fixes

There _definitely_ will be more piles"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (63 commits)
copy_from_iter_nocache()
new helper: iov_iter_kvec()
csum_and_copy_..._iter()
iov_iter.c: handle ITER_KVEC directly
iov_iter.c: convert copy_to_iter() to iterate_and_advance
iov_iter.c: convert copy_from_iter() to iterate_and_advance
iov_iter.c: get rid of bvec_copy_page_{to,from}_iter()
iov_iter.c: convert iov_iter_zero() to iterate_and_advance
iov_iter.c: convert iov_iter_get_pages_alloc() to iterate_all_kinds
iov_iter.c: convert iov_iter_get_pages() to iterate_all_kinds
iov_iter.c: convert iov_iter_npages() to iterate_all_kinds
iov_iter.c: iterate_and_advance
iov_iter.c: macros for iterating over iov_iter
kill f_dentry macro
dcache: fix kmemcheck warning in switch_names
new helper: audit_file()
nfsd_vfs_write(): use file_inode()
ncpfs: use file_inode()
kill f_dentry uses
lockd: get rid of ->f_path.dentry->d_sb
...

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Merge Linus' tree to be be to apply submitted patches to newer code than
current trivial.git base

Merge commit 'v3.17' into next

Merge tag 'v3.18-rc4' into x86/cleanups, to refresh the tree before pulling new changes.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

new helper: is_root_inode()

replace open-coded instances

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Merge branches 'for-3.18/always-poll-quirk', 'for-3.18/logitech', 'for-3.18/picolcd', 'for-3.18/rmi', 'for-3.18/sony', 'for-3.18/uhid', 'for-3.18/upstream' and 'for-3.18/wacom' into for-linus

Merge branch 'next' into for-linus

Prepare first round of input updates for 3.18.

Merge tag 'irqchip-core-3.18' of git://git.infradead.org/users/jcooper/linux into irq/core

irqchip core changes for v3.18

- renesas: suspend to RAM, runtime PM, cleanups and DT binding docs
- key

Merge tag 'irqchip-core-3.18' of git://git.infradead.org/users/jcooper/linux into irq/core

irqchip core changes for v3.18

- renesas: suspend to RAM, runtime PM, cleanups and DT binding docs
- keystone: add new driver
- hip04: add Hisilicon HiP04 driver (without touching irq-gic.c)
- gic: Use defines instead of magic number, preserve v2 bybass bits
- handle_domain_irq: common low level interrupt entry handler

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Merge remote-tracking branch 'airlied/drm-next' into topic/vblank-rework

Dave asked me to do the backmerge before sending him the revised pull
request, so here we go. Nothing fancy in the conflicts,

Merge remote-tracking branch 'airlied/drm-next' into topic/vblank-rework

Dave asked me to do the backmerge before sending him the revised pull
request, so here we go. Nothing fancy in the conflicts, just a few
things changed right next to each another.

Conflicts:
drivers/gpu/drm/drm_irq.c

Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>

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Merge tag 'v3.17-rc4' into sched/core, to prevent conflicts with upcoming patches, and to refresh the tree

Linux 3.17-rc4

Merge tag 'v3.17-rc3' into next

Sync with mainline to bring in Chrome EC changes.

Merge tag 'asoc-v3.17-rc3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into for-linus

ASoC: Fixes for v3.17

A few more driver specific fixes on top of the currently pending fixes

Merge tag 'asoc-v3.17-rc3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into for-linus

ASoC: Fixes for v3.17

A few more driver specific fixes on top of the currently pending fixes
(which are already in your tree but not Linus').

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Merge branch 'linus' into perf/core, to fix conflicts

Conflicts:
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel_uncore*.c

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge tag 'efi-urgent' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mfleming/efi into x86/urgent

Pull EFI fixes from Matt Fleming:

* WARN_ON(!spin_is_locked()) always triggers on non-SMP machi

Merge tag 'efi-urgent' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mfleming/efi into x86/urgent

Pull EFI fixes from Matt Fleming:

* WARN_ON(!spin_is_locked()) always triggers on non-SMP machines.
Swap it for the more canonical lockdep_assert_held() which always
does the right thing - Guenter Roeck

* Assign the correct value to efi.runtime_version on arm64 so that all
the runtime services can be invoked - Semen Protsenko

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

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Merge tag 'v3.17-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 3.17-rc1

Merge l2-mtd/next into l2-mtd/master

Merge branch 'akpm' (second patchbomb from Andrew Morton)

Merge more incoming from Andrew Morton:
"Two new syscalls:

memfd_create in "shm: add memfd_create() syscall"
kexec_file_load in

Merge branch 'akpm' (second patchbomb from Andrew Morton)

Merge more incoming from Andrew Morton:
"Two new syscalls:

memfd_create in "shm: add memfd_create() syscall"
kexec_file_load in "kexec: implementation of new syscall kexec_file_load"

And:

- Most (all?) of the rest of MM

- Lots of the usual misc bits

- fs/autofs4

- drivers/rtc

- fs/nilfs

- procfs

- fork.c, exec.c

- more in lib/

- rapidio

- Janitorial work in filesystems: fs/ufs, fs/reiserfs, fs/adfs,
fs/cramfs, fs/romfs, fs/qnx6.

- initrd/initramfs work

- "file sealing" and the memfd_create() syscall, in tmpfs

- add pci_zalloc_consistent, use it in lots of places

- MAINTAINERS maintenance

- kexec feature work"

* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org: (193 commits)
MAINTAINERS: update nomadik patterns
MAINTAINERS: update usb/gadget patterns
MAINTAINERS: update DMA BUFFER SHARING patterns
kexec: verify the signature of signed PE bzImage
kexec: support kexec/kdump on EFI systems
kexec: support for kexec on panic using new system call
kexec-bzImage64: support for loading bzImage using 64bit entry
kexec: load and relocate purgatory at kernel load time
purgatory: core purgatory functionality
purgatory/sha256: provide implementation of sha256 in purgaotory context
kexec: implementation of new syscall kexec_file_load
kexec: new syscall kexec_file_load() declaration
kexec: make kexec_segment user buffer pointer a union
resource: provide new functions to walk through resources
kexec: use common function for kimage_normal_alloc() and kimage_crash_alloc()
kexec: move segment verification code in a separate function
kexec: rename unusebale_pages to unusable_pages
kernel: build bin2c based on config option CONFIG_BUILD_BIN2C
bin2c: move bin2c in scripts/basic
shm: wait for pins to be released when sealing
...

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fs/coda: use linux/uaccess.h

Fix checkpatch warning

WARNING: Use #include <linux/uaccess.h> instead of <asm/uaccess.h>

Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Cc: Jan Harkes <jaharkes@c

fs/coda: use linux/uaccess.h

Fix checkpatch warning

WARNING: Use #include <linux/uaccess.h> instead of <asm/uaccess.h>

Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Cc: Jan Harkes <jaharkes@cs.cmu.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

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