License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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Merge back ACPICA material for v4.13.

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into drm-misc-next-fixes

Backmerge 4.12-rc6 into -next-fixes. -next-fixes will contain find patches
for 4.13 merge window

Merge branches 'pm-cpufreq', 'pm-cpuidle' and 'pm-devfreq'

* pm-cpufreq:
cpufreq: conservative: Allow down_threshold to take values from 1 to 10
Revert "cpufreq: schedutil: Reduce frequencies sl

Merge branches 'pm-cpufreq', 'pm-cpuidle' and 'pm-devfreq'

* pm-cpufreq:
cpufreq: conservative: Allow down_threshold to take values from 1 to 10
Revert "cpufreq: schedutil: Reduce frequencies slower"

* pm-cpuidle:
cpuidle: dt: Add missing 'of_node_put()'

* pm-devfreq:
PM / devfreq: exynos-ppmu: Staticize event list
PM / devfreq: exynos-ppmu: Handle return value of clk_prepare_enable
PM / devfreq: exynos-nocp: Handle return value of clk_prepare_enable

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Merge tag 'v4.12-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux into fbdev-for-next

Linux 4.12-rc5

Merge tag 'v4.12-rc3' into for-linus

Merge with mainline to get acpi_dev_present() needed by patches to
axp20x-pek driver.

Merge tag 'v4.12-rc3' into next

Sync with mainline to bring in changes in platform drovers dropping
calls to sparse_keymap_free() so that we can remove it for good.

Merge remote-tracking branch 'airlied/drm-next' into drm-misc-next

Picking up drm-next @ 4.12-rc1 in order to apply Michal Hocko's vmalloc patch set

Signed-off-by: Sean Paul <seanpaul@chromium.org>

Merge 'v4.12-rc1' into MTD

Bring a few queued patches in sync for -next development.

Merge tag 'v4.12-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 4.12-rc1

* tag 'v4.12-rc1': (13212 commits)
Linux 4.12-rc1
mm, docs: update memory.stat description with workingset* entries
mm: vmscan: scan until

Merge tag 'v4.12-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 4.12-rc1

* tag 'v4.12-rc1': (13212 commits)
Linux 4.12-rc1
mm, docs: update memory.stat description with workingset* entries
mm: vmscan: scan until it finds eligible pages
mm, thp: copying user pages must schedule on collapse
dax: fix PMD data corruption when fault races with write
dax: fix data corruption when fault races with write
ext4: return to starting transaction in ext4_dax_huge_fault()
mm: fix data corruption due to stale mmap reads
dax: prevent invalidation of mapped DAX entries
Tigran has moved
mm, vmalloc: fix vmalloc users tracking properly
mm/khugepaged: add missed tracepoint for collapse_huge_page_swapin
gcov: support GCC 7.1
mm, vmstat: Remove spurious WARN() during zoneinfo print
time: delete current_fs_time()
hwpoison, memcg: forcibly uncharge LRU pages
sound: Disable the build of OSS drivers
drm/i915: Make vblank evade warnings optional
Input: cros_ec_keyb - remove extraneous 'const'
drm/nouveau/therm: remove ineffective workarounds for alarm bugs
...

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Merge branch 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security

Pull security subsystem updates from James Morris:
"Highlights:

IMA:
- provide ">" and "<" operator

Merge branch 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security

Pull security subsystem updates from James Morris:
"Highlights:

IMA:
- provide ">" and "<" operators for fowner/uid/euid rules

KEYS:
- add a system blacklist keyring

- add KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING, exposes keyring link restriction
functionality to userland via keyctl()

LSM:
- harden LSM API with __ro_after_init

- add prlmit security hook, implement for SELinux

- revive security_task_alloc hook

TPM:
- implement contextual TPM command 'spaces'"

* 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security: (98 commits)
tpm: Fix reference count to main device
tpm_tis: convert to using locality callbacks
tpm: fix handling of the TPM 2.0 event logs
tpm_crb: remove a cruft constant
keys: select CONFIG_CRYPTO when selecting DH / KDF
apparmor: Make path_max parameter readonly
apparmor: fix parameters so that the permission test is bypassed at boot
apparmor: fix invalid reference to index variable of iterator line 836
apparmor: use SHASH_DESC_ON_STACK
security/apparmor/lsm.c: set debug messages
apparmor: fix boolreturn.cocci warnings
Smack: Use GFP_KERNEL for smk_netlbl_mls().
smack: fix double free in smack_parse_opts_str()
KEYS: add SP800-56A KDF support for DH
KEYS: Keyring asymmetric key restrict method with chaining
KEYS: Restrict asymmetric key linkage using a specific keychain
KEYS: Add a lookup_restriction function for the asymmetric key type
KEYS: Add KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING
KEYS: Consistent ordering for __key_link_begin and restrict check
KEYS: Add an optional lookup_restriction hook to key_type
...

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Merge tag 'keys-next-20170412' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-fs into next

Merge branch 'keys-blacklist' into keys-next

KEYS: Add a system blacklist keyring

Add the following:

(1) A new system keyring that is used to store information about
blacklisted certificates and signatures.

(2) A new key type (called

KEYS: Add a system blacklist keyring

Add the following:

(1) A new system keyring that is used to store information about
blacklisted certificates and signatures.

(2) A new key type (called 'blacklist') that is used to store a
blacklisted hash in its description as a hex string. The key accepts
no payload.

(3) The ability to configure a list of blacklisted hashes into the kernel
at build time. This is done by setting
CONFIG_SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_HASH_LIST to the filename of a list of hashes
that are in the form:

"<hash>", "<hash>", ..., "<hash>"

where each <hash> is a hex string representation of the hash and must
include all necessary leading zeros to pad the hash to the right size.

The above are enabled with CONFIG_SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_KEYRING.

Once the kernel is booted, the blacklist keyring can be listed:

root@andromeda ~]# keyctl show %:.blacklist
Keyring
723359729 ---lswrv 0 0 keyring: .blacklist
676257228 ---lswrv 0 0 \_ blacklist: 123412341234c55c1dcc601ab8e172917706aa32fb5eaf826813547fdf02dd46

The blacklist cannot currently be modified by userspace, but it will be
possible to load it, for example, from the UEFI blacklist database.

A later commit will make it possible to load blacklisted asymmetric keys in
here too.

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>

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Merge branch 'next' into for-linus

Prepare input updates for 4.10 merge window.

Merge tag 'v4.8' into next

Sync up with mainline to bring in I2C host notify changes and other
updates.

Merge branches 'for-4.8/alps', 'for-4.8/apple', 'for-4.8/i2c-hid', 'for-4.8/uhid-offload-hid-device-add' and 'for-4.8/upstream' into for-linus

Merge branch 'for-linus' into next

Sync up to bring in wacom_w8001 changes to avoid merge conflicts later.

Merge tag 'v4.7-rc6' into x86/mm, to merge fixes before applying new changes

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge branches 'acpica-fixes', 'acpi-pci-fixes' and 'acpi-debug-fixes'

* acpica-fixes:
ACPICA: Namespace: Fix namespace/interpreter lock ordering

* acpi-pci-fixes:
ACPI,PCI,IRQ: separate ISA pe

Merge branches 'acpica-fixes', 'acpi-pci-fixes' and 'acpi-debug-fixes'

* acpica-fixes:
ACPICA: Namespace: Fix namespace/interpreter lock ordering

* acpi-pci-fixes:
ACPI,PCI,IRQ: separate ISA penalty calculation
Revert "ACPI, PCI, IRQ: remove redundant code in acpi_irq_penalty_init()"
ACPI,PCI,IRQ: factor in PCI possible

* acpi-debug-fixes:
ACPI / debugger: Fix regression introduced by IS_ERR_VALUE() removal

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Merge branch 'jejb-fixes' into fixes

Merge branch 'cec-defines' into for-linus

Let's bring in HDMI CEC defines to ease merging CEC support in the next
merge window.

Merge branches 'pm-opp' and 'pm-cpufreq-fixes'

* pm-opp:
PM / OPP: Add 'UNKNOWN' status for shared_opp in struct opp_table

* pm-cpufreq-fixes:
cpufreq: intel_pstate: Adjust _PSS[0] freqeuency i

Merge branches 'pm-opp' and 'pm-cpufreq-fixes'

* pm-opp:
PM / OPP: Add 'UNKNOWN' status for shared_opp in struct opp_table

* pm-cpufreq-fixes:
cpufreq: intel_pstate: Adjust _PSS[0] freqeuency if needed

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Merge branch 'x86/urgent' into x86/cpu, to pick up dependency

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge branch 'linus' into perf/core, to refresh the branch

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>