License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

show more ...

Merge tag 'v4.11-rc1' into regulator-arizona

Linux 4.11-rc1

Merge branch 'fix/rcar' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into asoc-rcar

Merge tag 'v4.10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux into for-next

Linux 4.10

Merge remote-tracking branches 'spi/topic/rockchip', 'spi/topic/rspi', 'spi/topic/s3c64xx', 'spi/topic/sh-msiof' and 'spi/topic/slave' into spi-next

Merge tag 'asoc-fix-v4.10-rc3' into asoc-linus

ASoC: Fixes for v4.10

As well as the usual smattering of driver specific fixes collected since
the merge window this has one particularly important fi

Merge tag 'asoc-fix-v4.10-rc3' into asoc-linus

ASoC: Fixes for v4.10

As well as the usual smattering of driver specific fixes collected since
the merge window this has one particularly important fix to the core for
handling of aux_devs which was broken during the merge window by some of
the componentization refactoring.

# gpg: Signature made Wed 11 Jan 2017 17:26:37 GMT
# gpg: using RSA key ADE668AA675718B59FE29FEA24D68B725D5487D0
# gpg: issuer "broonie@kernel.org"
# gpg: key 0D9EACE2CD7BEEBC: no public key for trusted key - skipped
# gpg: key 0D9EACE2CD7BEEBC marked as ultimately trusted
# gpg: key CCB0A420AF88CD16: no public key for trusted key - skipped
# gpg: key CCB0A420AF88CD16 marked as ultimately trusted
# gpg: key 162614E316005C11: no public key for trusted key - skipped
# gpg: key 162614E316005C11 marked as ultimately trusted
# gpg: key A730C53A5621E907: no public key for trusted key - skipped
# gpg: key A730C53A5621E907 marked as ultimately trusted
# gpg: key 276568D75C6153AD: no public key for trusted key - skipped
# gpg: key 276568D75C6153AD marked as ultimately trusted
# gpg: Good signature from "Mark Brown <broonie@sirena.org.uk>" [ultimate]
# gpg: aka "Mark Brown <broonie@debian.org>" [ultimate]
# gpg: aka "Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>" [ultimate]
# gpg: aka "Mark Brown <broonie@tardis.ed.ac.uk>" [ultimate]
# gpg: aka "Mark Brown <broonie@linaro.org>" [ultimate]
# gpg: aka "Mark Brown <Mark.Brown@linaro.org>" [ultimate]

show more ...

Merge back earlier suspend/hibernation changes for v4.11.

Merge back earlier ACPICA changes for v4.11.

Merge tag 'v4.10-rc5' into next

Sync up with mainline to bring up improvements in various subsystems.

Merge tag 'v4.10-rc5' into for-linus

Sync up with mainline to apply fixup to a commit that came through
power supply tree.

Merge tag 'v4.10-rc1' into asoc-intel

Linux 4.10-rc1

Merge tag 'v4.10-rc1' into asoc-samsung

Linux 4.10-rc1

Merge tag 'v4.10-rc1' into spi-s3c64xx

Linux 4.10-rc1

Merge tag 'v4.10-rc2' into drm-intel-next-queued

Backmerge Linux 4.10-rc2 to resync with our -fixes cherry-picks. I've
done the backmerge directly because Dave is on vacation.

Signed-off-by: Daniel

Merge tag 'v4.10-rc2' into drm-intel-next-queued

Backmerge Linux 4.10-rc2 to resync with our -fixes cherry-picks. I've
done the backmerge directly because Dave is on vacation.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>

show more ...

Merge tag 'v4.10-rc1' into docs-next

Linux 4.10-rc1

Merge tag 'v4.10-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 4.10-rc1

* tag 'v4.10-rc1': (11427 commits)
Linux 4.10-rc1
powerpc: Fix build warning on 32-bit PPC
avoid spurious "may be used uninitialized" warni

Merge tag 'v4.10-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 4.10-rc1

* tag 'v4.10-rc1': (11427 commits)
Linux 4.10-rc1
powerpc: Fix build warning on 32-bit PPC
avoid spurious "may be used uninitialized" warning
mm: add PageWaiters indicating tasks are waiting for a page bit
mm: Use owner_priv bit for PageSwapCache, valid when PageSwapBacked
ktime: Get rid of ktime_equal()
ktime: Cleanup ktime_set() usage
ktime: Get rid of the union
clocksource: Use a plain u64 instead of cycle_t
irqchip/armada-xp: Consolidate hotplug state space
irqchip/gic: Consolidate hotplug state space
coresight/etm3/4x: Consolidate hotplug state space
cpu/hotplug: Cleanup state names
cpu/hotplug: Remove obsolete cpu hotplug register/unregister functions
staging/lustre/libcfs: Convert to hotplug state machine
scsi/bnx2i: Convert to hotplug state machine
scsi/bnx2fc: Convert to hotplug state machine
cpu/hotplug: Prevent overwriting of callbacks
x86/msr: Remove bogus cleanup from the error path
bus: arm-ccn: Prevent hotplug callback leak
...

show more ...

Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux

Pull s390 updates from Martin Schwidefsky:
"The main bulk of the s390 patches for the 4.10 merge window:

- A

Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux

Pull s390 updates from Martin Schwidefsky:
"The main bulk of the s390 patches for the 4.10 merge window:

- Add support for the contiguous memory allocator.

- The recovery for I/O errors in the dasd device driver is improved,
the driver will now remove channel paths that are not working
properly.

- Additional fields are added to /proc/sysinfo, the extended
partition name and the partition UUID.

- New naming for PCI devices with system defined UIDs.

- The last few remaining alloc_bootmem calls are converted to
memblock.

- The thread_info structure is stripped down and moved to the
task_struct. The only field left in thread_info is the flags field.

- Rework of the arch topology code to fix a fake numa issue.

- Refactoring of the atomic primitives and add a new preempt_count
implementation.

- Clocksource steering for the STP sync check offsets.

- The s390 specific headers are changed to make them usable with
CLANG.

- Bug fixes and cleanup"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (70 commits)
s390/cpumf: Use configuration level indication for sampling data
s390: provide memmove implementation
s390: cleanup arch/s390/kernel Makefile
s390: fix initrd corruptions with gcov/kcov instrumented kernels
s390: exclude early C code from gcov profiling
s390/dasd: channel path aware error recovery
s390/dasd: extend dasd path handling
s390: remove unused labels from entry.S
s390/vmlogrdr: fix IUCV buffer allocation
s390/crypto: unlock on error in prng_tdes_read()
s390/sysinfo: show partition extended name and UUID if available
s390/numa: pin all possible cpus to nodes early
s390/numa: establish cpu to node mapping early
s390/topology: use cpu_topology array instead of per cpu variable
s390/smp: initialize cpu_present_mask in setup_arch
s390/topology: always use s390 specific sched_domain_topology_level
s390/smp: use smp_get_base_cpu() helper function
s390/numa: always use logical cpu and core ids
s390: Remove VLAIS in ptff() and clear_table()
s390: fix machine check panic stack switch
...

show more ...

s390: remove unneeded dependency for gen_facilities

The dependency between the object and the source is handled by
scripts/Makefile.host, so only "hostprogs-y += gen_facilities"
is fine.

Signed-off

s390: remove unneeded dependency for gen_facilities

The dependency between the object and the source is handled by
scripts/Makefile.host, so only "hostprogs-y += gen_facilities"
is fine.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

show more ...

Merge branch 'master' into for-next

Sync with Linus' tree so that patches against newer codebase can be applied.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

Merge tag 'v4.5' into next

Merge with Linux 4.5 to get PROPERTY_ENTRY_INTEGER() that is needed to
fix pxa/raumfeld rotary encoder properties.

Orangefs: merge to v4.5

Merge tag 'v4.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux into current

Linux 4.5

Merge branch 'topic/update-bits' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/regmap into asoc-rcar

Merge remote-tracking branch 'linusw-gpio/for-next' into devm_gpiochip

Base for demv_gpiochip_add_data() and devm_gpiochip_remove().

Merge tag 'v4.5-rc5' into asoc-mtk

Linux 4.5-rc5

Merge tag 'topic/drm-misc-2016-02-12' into drm-intel-next-queued

Backmerge to get at the new encoder_mask support in atomic helpers.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>