License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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Merge remote-tracking branch 'linusw-gpio/for-next' into devm_gpiochip

Base for demv_gpiochip_add_data() and devm_gpiochip_remove().

Merge branch 'next' into for-linus

Prepare first round of input updates for 3.20.

Merge tag 'v3.19-rc4' into next

Merge with mainline to bring in the latest thermal and other changes.

Merge tag 'topic/i915-hda-componentized-2015-01-12' into drm-intel-next-queued

Conflicts:
drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_runtime_pm.c

Separate branch so that Takashi can also pull just this refactorin

Merge tag 'topic/i915-hda-componentized-2015-01-12' into drm-intel-next-queued

Conflicts:
drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_runtime_pm.c

Separate branch so that Takashi can also pull just this refactoring
into sound-next.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>

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Merge tag 'irqchip-urgent-3.19' of git://git.infradead.org/users/jcooper/linux into irq/urgent

irqchip urgent fixes for v3.19 from Jason Cooper
- mtk-sysirq: Fix error handling
- hip04: Fix cpu ma

Merge tag 'irqchip-urgent-3.19' of git://git.infradead.org/users/jcooper/linux into irq/urgent

irqchip urgent fixes for v3.19 from Jason Cooper
- mtk-sysirq: Fix error handling
- hip04: Fix cpu map for 16bit value
- gic-v3-its: Clear a warning regarding decimal constants
- omap-intc: Fix legacy DMA regression
- atmel-aic-common: Retain priority when changing type

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Merge tag 'mvebu-fixes-3.19' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-mvebu into fixes

Pull "Fixes for 3.19" from Andrew Lunn:

Jason is taking a back seat this cycle and i'm doing all the patch
wrangling f

Merge tag 'mvebu-fixes-3.19' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-mvebu into fixes

Pull "Fixes for 3.19" from Andrew Lunn:

Jason is taking a back seat this cycle and i'm doing all the patch
wrangling for mvebu.

* tag 'mvebu-fixes-3.19' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-mvebu:
ARM: mvebu: Fix pinctrl configuration for Armada 370 DB

Also update to Linux 3.19-rc1, which this was based on.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>

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Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://ftp.arm.linux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm

Pull ARM updates from Russell King:
"The major updates included in this update are:

- Clang compatible stack pointer access

Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://ftp.arm.linux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm

Pull ARM updates from Russell King:
"The major updates included in this update are:

- Clang compatible stack pointer accesses by Behan Webster.
- SA11x0 updates from Dmitry Eremin-Solenikov.
- kgdb handling of breakpoints with read-only text/modules
- Support for Privileged-no-execute feature on ARMv7 to prevent
userspace code execution by the kernel.
- AMBA primecell bus handling of irq-safe runtime PM
- Unwinding support for memset/memzero/memmove/memcpy functions
- VFP fixes for Krait CPUs and improvements in detecting the VFP
architecture
- A number of code cleanups (using pr_*, removing or reducing the
severity of a couple of kernel messages, splitting ftrace asm code
out to a separate file, etc.)
- Add machine name to stack dump output"

* 'for-linus' of git://ftp.arm.linux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm: (62 commits)
ARM: 8247/2: pcmcia: sa1100: make use of device clock
ARM: 8246/2: pcmcia: sa1111: provide device clock
ARM: 8245/1: pcmcia: soc-common: enable/disable socket clocks
ARM: 8244/1: fbdev: sa1100fb: make use of device clock
ARM: 8243/1: sa1100: add a clock alias for sa1111 pcmcia device
ARM: 8242/1: sa1100: add cpu clock
ARM: 8221/1: PJ4: allow building in Thumb-2 mode
ARM: 8234/1: sa1100: reorder IRQ handling code
ARM: 8233/1: sa1100: switch to hwirq usage
ARM: 8232/1: sa1100: merge GPIO multiplexer IRQ to "normal" irq domain
ARM: 8231/1: sa1100: introduce irqdomains support
ARM: 8230/1: sa1100: shift IRQs by one
ARM: 8229/1: sa1100: replace irq numbers with names in irq driver
ARM: 8228/1: sa1100: drop entry-macro.S
ARM: 8227/1: sa1100: switch to MULTI_IRQ_HANDLER
ARM: 8241/1: Update processor_modes for hyp and monitor mode
ARM: 8240/1: MCPM: document mcpm_sync_init()
ARM: 8239/1: Introduce {set,clear}_pte_bit
ARM: 8238/1: mm: Refine set_memory_* functions
ARM: 8237/1: fix flush_pfn_alias
...

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Merge branches 'fixes', 'misc', 'pm' and 'sa1100' into for-next

ARM: convert printk(KERN_* to pr_*

Convert many (but not all) printk(KERN_* to pr_* to simplify the code.
We take the opportunity to join some printk lines together so we don't
split the message acr

ARM: convert printk(KERN_* to pr_*

Convert many (but not all) printk(KERN_* to pr_* to simplify the code.
We take the opportunity to join some printk lines together so we don't
split the message across several lines, and we also add a few levels
to some messages which were previously missing them.

Tested-by: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch>
Tested-by: Felipe Balbi <balbi@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

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Merge Linus' tree to be be to apply submitted patches to newer code than
current trivial.git base

Merge tag 'v3.18-rc4' into x86/cleanups, to refresh the tree before pulling new changes.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge tag 'asoc-v3.18-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into for-linus

ASoC: Fixes for v3.18

A few small driver fixes for v3.18 plus the removal of the s6000 suppo

Merge tag 'asoc-v3.18-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into for-linus

ASoC: Fixes for v3.18

A few small driver fixes for v3.18 plus the removal of the s6000 support
since the relevant chip is no longer supported in mainline.

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Merge branch 'topic/enum-info-cleanup' into for-next

this is a series of patches to just convert the plain info callback
for enum ctl elements to snd_ctl_elem_info(). Also, it includes the
extensio

Merge branch 'topic/enum-info-cleanup' into for-next

this is a series of patches to just convert the plain info callback
for enum ctl elements to snd_ctl_elem_info(). Also, it includes the
extension of snd_ctl_elem_info(), for catching the unexpected string
cut-off and handling the zero items.

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Merge tag 'v3.18-rc1' into v4l_for_linus

Linux 3.18-rc1

* tag 'v3.18-rc1': (9167 commits)
Linux 3.18-rc1
MAINTAINERS: corrected bcm2835 search
Net: DSA: Fix checking for get_phy_flags functio

Merge tag 'v3.18-rc1' into v4l_for_linus

Linux 3.18-rc1

* tag 'v3.18-rc1': (9167 commits)
Linux 3.18-rc1
MAINTAINERS: corrected bcm2835 search
Net: DSA: Fix checking for get_phy_flags function
sparc64: Do not define thread fpregs save area as zero-length array.
sparc64: Fix corrupted thread fault code.
MAINTAINERS: Become the docs maintainer
x86,kvm,vmx: Preserve CR4 across VM entry
ipv6: fix a potential use after free in sit.c
ipv6: fix a potential use after free in ip6_offload.c
ipv4: fix a potential use after free in gre_offload.c
tcp: fix build error if IPv6 is not enabled
futex: Ensure get_futex_key_refs() always implies a barrier
bna: fix skb->truesize underestimation
net: dsa: add includes for ethtool and phy_fixed definitions
openvswitch: Set flow-key members.
netrom: use linux/uaccess.h
dsa: Fix conversion from host device to mii bus
tipc: fix bug in bundled buffer reception
ipv6: introduce tcp_v6_iif()
sfc: add support for skb->xmit_more
...

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Merge tag 'v3.18-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 3.18-rc1

* tag 'v3.18-rc1': (9526 commits)
Linux 3.18-rc1
MAINTAINERS: corrected bcm2835 search
Net: DSA: Fix checking for get_phy_flags function

Merge tag 'v3.18-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 3.18-rc1

* tag 'v3.18-rc1': (9526 commits)
Linux 3.18-rc1
MAINTAINERS: corrected bcm2835 search
Net: DSA: Fix checking for get_phy_flags function
sparc64: Do not define thread fpregs save area as zero-length array.
sparc64: Fix corrupted thread fault code.
MAINTAINERS: Become the docs maintainer
x86,kvm,vmx: Preserve CR4 across VM entry
ipv6: fix a potential use after free in sit.c
ipv6: fix a potential use after free in ip6_offload.c
ipv4: fix a potential use after free in gre_offload.c
tcp: fix build error if IPv6 is not enabled
futex: Ensure get_futex_key_refs() always implies a barrier
bna: fix skb->truesize underestimation
net: dsa: add includes for ethtool and phy_fixed definitions
openvswitch: Set flow-key members.
netrom: use linux/uaccess.h
dsa: Fix conversion from host device to mii bus
tipc: fix bug in bundled buffer reception
ipv6: introduce tcp_v6_iif()
sfc: add support for skb->xmit_more
...

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Merge tag 'v3.18-rc1' into for_next

Linux 3.18-rc1

Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://ftp.arm.linux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm

Pull ARM updates from Russell King:
"Included in these updates are:
- Performance optimisation to avoid writing the control

Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://ftp.arm.linux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm

Pull ARM updates from Russell King:
"Included in these updates are:
- Performance optimisation to avoid writing the control register at
every exception.
- Use static inline instead of extern inline in ftrace code.
- Crypto ARM assembly updates for big endian
- Alignment of initrd/.init memory to page sizes when freeing to
ensure that we fully free the regions
- Add gcov support
- A couple of preparatory patches for VDSO support: use
_install_special_mapping, and randomize the sigpage placement above
stack.
- Add L2 ePAPR DT cache properties so that DT can specify the cache
geometry.
- Preparatory patch for FIQ (NMI) kernel C code for things like
spinlock lockup debug. Following on from this are a couple of my
patches cleaning up show_regs() and removing an unused (probably
since 1.x days) do_unexp_fiq() function.
- Use pr_warn() rather than pr_warning().
- A number of cleanups (smp, footbridge, return_address)"

* 'for-linus' of git://ftp.arm.linux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm: (21 commits)
ARM: 8167/1: extend the reserved memory for initrd to be page aligned
ARM: 8168/1: extend __init_end to a page align address
ARM: 8169/1: l2c: parse cache properties from ePAPR definitions
ARM: 8160/1: drop warning about return_address not using unwind tables
ARM: 8161/1: footbridge: select machine dir based on ARCH_FOOTBRIDGE
ARM: 8158/1: LLVMLinux: use static inline in ARM ftrace.h
ARM: 8155/1: place sigpage at a random offset above stack
ARM: 8154/1: use _install_special_mapping for sigpage
ARM: 8153/1: Enable gcov support on the ARM architecture
ARM: Avoid writing to control register on every exception
ARM: 8152/1: Convert pr_warning to pr_warn
ARM: remove unused do_unexp_fiq() function
ARM: remove extraneous newline in show_regs()
ARM: 8150/3: fiq: Replace default FIQ handler
ARM: 8140/1: ep93xx: Enable DEBUG_LL_UART_PL01X
ARM: 8139/1: versatile: Enable DEBUG_LL_UART_PL01X
ARM: 8138/1: drop ISAR0 workaround for B15
ARM: 8136/1: sa1100: add Micro ASIC platform device
ARM: 8131/1: arm/smp: Absorb boot_secondary()
ARM: 8126/1: crypto: enable NEON SHA-384/SHA-512 for big endian
...

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ARM: 8150/3: fiq: Replace default FIQ handler

This patch introduces a new default FIQ handler that is structured in a
similar way to the existing ARM exception handler and result in the FIQ
being ha

ARM: 8150/3: fiq: Replace default FIQ handler

This patch introduces a new default FIQ handler that is structured in a
similar way to the existing ARM exception handler and result in the FIQ
being handled by C code running on the SVC stack (despite this code run
in the FIQ handler is subject to severe limitations with respect to
locking making normal interaction with the kernel impossible).

This default handler allows concepts that on x86 would be handled using
NMIs to be realized on ARM.

Credit:

This patch is a near complete re-write of a patch originally
provided by Anton Vorontsov. Today only a couple of small fragments
survive, however without Anton's work to build from this patch would
not exist. Thanks also to Russell King for spoonfeeding me a variety
of fixes during the review cycle.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

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Merge branch 'next' into for-linus

Merge first round of changes for 3.13 merge window.

Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bluetooth/bluetooth

Conflicts:
net/bluetooth/hci_core.c

Merge remote-tracking branch 'tip/timers/core' into fordlezcano/3.13/sched-clock64-conversion

Update to tip/timers/core and resolve minor conflict.

Conflicts:
drivers/clocksource/samsung_pwm_timer

Merge remote-tracking branch 'tip/timers/core' into fordlezcano/3.13/sched-clock64-conversion

Update to tip/timers/core and resolve minor conflict.

Conflicts:
drivers/clocksource/samsung_pwm_timer.c

Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>

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Merge tag 'v3.12-rc2' into patchwork

Linux 3.12-rc2

* tag 'v3.12-rc2': (10774 commits)
Linux 3.12-rc2
cfq: explicitly use 64bit divide operation for 64bit arguments
block: Add nr_bios to bloc

Merge tag 'v3.12-rc2' into patchwork

Linux 3.12-rc2

* tag 'v3.12-rc2': (10774 commits)
Linux 3.12-rc2
cfq: explicitly use 64bit divide operation for 64bit arguments
block: Add nr_bios to block_rq_remap tracepoint
Btrfs: create the uuid tree on remount rw
btrfs: change extent-same to copy entire argument struct
Btrfs: dir_inode_operations should use btrfs_update_time also
btrfs: Add btrfs: prefix to kernel log output
btrfs: refuse to remount read-write after abort
Btrfs: btrfs_ioctl_default_subvol: Revert back to toplevel subvolume when arg is 0
Btrfs: don't leak transaction in btrfs_sync_file()
Btrfs: add the missing mutex unlock in write_all_supers()
Btrfs: iput inode on allocation failure
Btrfs: remove space_info->reservation_progress
Btrfs: kill delay_iput arg to the wait_ordered functions
Btrfs: fix worst case calculator for space usage
Revert "Btrfs: rework the overcommit logic to be based on the total size"
Btrfs: improve replacing nocow extents
Btrfs: drop dir i_size when adding new names on replay
Btrfs: replay dir_index items before other items
Btrfs: check roots last log commit when checking if an inode has been logged
...

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Merge tag 'v3.11' into next

Merge with mainline to bring in sync changes to cyttsp4 driver.

Merge tag 'v3.11-rc7' into stable/for-linus-3.12

Linux 3.11-rc7

As we need the git commit 28817e9de4f039a1a8c1fe1df2fa2df524626b9e
Author: Chuck Anderson <chuck.anderson@oracle.com>
Date: Tue Aug

Merge tag 'v3.11-rc7' into stable/for-linus-3.12

Linux 3.11-rc7

As we need the git commit 28817e9de4f039a1a8c1fe1df2fa2df524626b9e
Author: Chuck Anderson <chuck.anderson@oracle.com>
Date: Tue Aug 6 15:12:19 2013 -0700

xen/smp: initialize IPI vectors before marking CPU online

* tag 'v3.11-rc7': (443 commits)
Linux 3.11-rc7
ARC: [lib] strchr breakage in Big-endian configuration
VFS: collect_mounts() should return an ERR_PTR
bfs: iget_locked() doesn't return an ERR_PTR
efs: iget_locked() doesn't return an ERR_PTR()
proc: kill the extra proc_readfd_common()->dir_emit_dots()
cope with potentially long ->d_dname() output for shmem/hugetlb
usb: phy: fix build breakage
USB: OHCI: add missing PCI PM callbacks to ohci-pci.c
staging: comedi: bug-fix NULL pointer dereference on failed attach
lib/lz4: correct the LZ4 license
memcg: get rid of swapaccount leftovers
nilfs2: fix issue with counting number of bio requests for BIO_EOPNOTSUPP error detection
nilfs2: remove double bio_put() in nilfs_end_bio_write() for BIO_EOPNOTSUPP error
drivers/platform/olpc/olpc-ec.c: initialise earlier
ipv4: expose IPV4_DEVCONF
ipv6: handle Redirect ICMP Message with no Redirected Header option
be2net: fix disabling TX in be_close()
Revert "ACPI / video: Always call acpi_video_init_brightness() on init"
Revert "genetlink: fix family dump race"
...

Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

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