License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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Merge branch 'x86/mpx/prep' into x86/asm

Pick up some of the MPX commits that modify the syscall entry code,
to have a common base and to reduce conflicts.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.

Merge branch 'x86/mpx/prep' into x86/asm

Pick up some of the MPX commits that modify the syscall entry code,
to have a common base and to reduce conflicts.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

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Backmerge tag 'v4.14-rc7' into drm-next

Linux 4.14-rc7

Requested by Ben Skeggs for nouveau to avoid major conflicts,
and things were getting a bit conflicty already, esp around amdgpu
reverts.

Merge tag 'asoc-fix-v4.14-rc7' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into for-linus

ASoC: Fixes for v4.14

A bunch of fixes here, mostly device specific ones (the biggest

Merge tag 'asoc-fix-v4.14-rc7' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into for-linus

ASoC: Fixes for v4.14

A bunch of fixes here, mostly device specific ones (the biggest one
being the revert of the hotword support for rt5514), with a couple of
core fixes for potential issues with corrupted or otherwise invalid
topology files.

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Merge tag 'v4.14-rc7' into x86/mm, to pick up fixes

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge branch 'i2c/cht-wc-fusb302-immutable' into i2c/for-4.15

Merge branch 'perf/urgent' into perf/core, to pick up fixes

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge tag 'v4.14-rc6' into locking/core, to pick up fixes

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge tag 'v4.14-rc6' into next

Merge with mainline to bring in the timer API changes.

Merge 4.14-rc6 into char-misc-next

We want the driver fixes in here and this resolves a merge issue with
the binder driver.

Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Merge 4.14-rc6 into staging-next

We want the IIO and staging driver fixes in here as well.

Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Merge 4.14-rc6 into usb-next

We need the USB fixes in here as well.

Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net

There were quite a few overlapping sets of changes here.

Daniel's bug fix for off-by-ones in the new BPF branch instructions,
along wit

Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net

There were quite a few overlapping sets of changes here.

Daniel's bug fix for off-by-ones in the new BPF branch instructions,
along with the added allowances for "data_end > ptr + x" forms
collided with the metadata additions.

Along with those three changes came veritifer test cases, which in
their final form I tried to group together properly. If I had just
trimmed GIT's conflict tags as-is, this would have split up the
meta tests unnecessarily.

In the socketmap code, a set of preemption disabling changes
overlapped with the rename of bpf_compute_data_end() to
bpf_compute_data_pointers().

Changes were made to the mv88e6060.c driver set addr method
which got removed in net-next.

The hyperv transport socket layer had a locking change in 'net'
which overlapped with a change of socket state macro usage
in 'net-next'.

Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

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Merge branch 'fixes' of git://git.armlinux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm

Pull ARM fixes from Russell King:
"Three fixes this time around:

- ensure sparse realises that we're building for a 32-bit arch

Merge branch 'fixes' of git://git.armlinux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm

Pull ARM fixes from Russell King:
"Three fixes this time around:

- ensure sparse realises that we're building for a 32-bit arch on
64-bit hosts.

- use the correct instruction for semihosting on v7m (nommu) CPUs.

- reserve address 0 to prevent the first page of memory being used on
nommu systems"

* 'fixes' of git://git.armlinux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm:
ARM: 8704/1: semihosting: use proper instruction on v7m processors
ARM: 8701/1: fix sparse flags for build on 64bit machines
ARM: 8700/1: nommu: always reserve address 0 away

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ARM: 8704/1: semihosting: use proper instruction on v7m processors

The svc instruction doesn't exist on v7m processors. Semihosting ops are
invoked with the bkpt instruction instead.

Signed-off-by:

ARM: 8704/1: semihosting: use proper instruction on v7m processors

The svc instruction doesn't exist on v7m processors. Semihosting ops are
invoked with the bkpt instruction instead.

Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>

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Merge remote-tracking branch 'linusw-gpio/for-next' into devm_gpiochip

Base for demv_gpiochip_add_data() and devm_gpiochip_remove().

Merge branch 'next' into for-linus

Merge first round of changes for 3.13 merge window.

Merge tag 'v3.11' into next

Merge with mainline to bring in sync changes to cyttsp4 driver.

Merge branch 'master' into for-next

Sync with Linus' master to be able to apply
trivial patche to newer code.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

Merge branch 'timers-core-for-linus' of https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip into tst5

Merge branch 'timers/posix-cpu-timers-for-tglx' of
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/frederic/linux-dynticks into timers/core

Frederic sayed: "Most of these patches have been hanging aro

Merge branch 'timers/posix-cpu-timers-for-tglx' of
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/frederic/linux-dynticks into timers/core

Frederic sayed: "Most of these patches have been hanging around for
several month now, in -mmotm for a significant chunk. They already
missed a few releases."

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

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Merge branches 'for-3.11/battery', 'for-3.11/elo', 'for-3.11/holtek' and 'for-3.11/i2c-hid-fixed' into for-linus

Merge branch 'next' into for-linus

Prepare first set of updates for 3.11 merge window.

Merge tag 'v3.10-rc7' into for-3.11/drivers

Linux 3.10-rc7

Pull this in early to avoid doing it with the bcache merge,
since there are a number of changes to bcache between my old
base (3.10-rc1) a

Merge tag 'v3.10-rc7' into for-3.11/drivers

Linux 3.10-rc7

Pull this in early to avoid doing it with the bcache merge,
since there are a number of changes to bcache between my old
base (3.10-rc1) and the new pull request.

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Merge tag 'v3.10' into sched/core

Merge in a recent upstream commit:

c2853c8df57f include/linux/math64.h: add div64_ul()

because:

72a4cf20cb71 sched: Change cfs_rq load avg to unsigned long

Merge tag 'v3.10' into sched/core

Merge in a recent upstream commit:

c2853c8df57f include/linux/math64.h: add div64_ul()

because:

72a4cf20cb71 sched: Change cfs_rq load avg to unsigned long

relies on it.

[ We don't rebase sched/core for this, because the handful of
followup commits after the broken commit are not behavioral
changes so are unlikely to be needed during bisection. ]

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

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