xref: /openbmc/linux/include/drm/drm_gem.h (revision 4d75f5c664195b970e1cd2fd25b65b5eff257a0a)
1 #ifndef __DRM_GEM_H__
2 #define __DRM_GEM_H__
3 
4 /*
5  * GEM Graphics Execution Manager Driver Interfaces
6  *
7  * Copyright 1999 Precision Insight, Inc., Cedar Park, Texas.
8  * Copyright 2000 VA Linux Systems, Inc., Sunnyvale, California.
9  * Copyright (c) 2009-2010, Code Aurora Forum.
10  * All rights reserved.
11  * Copyright © 2014 Intel Corporation
12  *   Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
13  *
14  * Author: Rickard E. (Rik) Faith <faith@valinux.com>
15  * Author: Gareth Hughes <gareth@valinux.com>
16  *
17  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
18  * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
19  * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
20  * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
21  * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
22  * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
23  *
24  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next
25  * paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
26  * Software.
27  *
28  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
29  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
30  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
31  * VA LINUX SYSTEMS AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
32  * OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
33  * ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
34  * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
35  */
36 
37 #include <linux/kref.h>
38 #include <linux/dma-buf.h>
39 #include <linux/dma-resv.h>
40 #include <linux/list.h>
41 #include <linux/mutex.h>
42 
43 #include <drm/drm_vma_manager.h>
44 
45 struct iosys_map;
46 struct drm_gem_object;
47 
48 /**
49  * enum drm_gem_object_status - bitmask of object state for fdinfo reporting
50  * @DRM_GEM_OBJECT_RESIDENT: object is resident in memory (ie. not unpinned)
51  * @DRM_GEM_OBJECT_PURGEABLE: object marked as purgeable by userspace
52  *
53  * Bitmask of status used for fdinfo memory stats, see &drm_gem_object_funcs.status
54  * and drm_show_fdinfo().  Note that an object can DRM_GEM_OBJECT_PURGEABLE if
55  * it still active or not resident, in which case drm_show_fdinfo() will not
56  * account for it as purgeable.  So drivers do not need to check if the buffer
57  * is idle and resident to return this bit.  (Ie. userspace can mark a buffer
58  * as purgeable even while it is still busy on the GPU.. it does not _actually_
59  * become puregeable until it becomes idle.  The status gem object func does
60  * not need to consider this.)
61  */
62 enum drm_gem_object_status {
63 	DRM_GEM_OBJECT_RESIDENT  = BIT(0),
64 	DRM_GEM_OBJECT_PURGEABLE = BIT(1),
65 };
66 
67 /**
68  * struct drm_gem_object_funcs - GEM object functions
69  */
70 struct drm_gem_object_funcs {
71 	/**
72 	 * @free:
73 	 *
74 	 * Deconstructor for drm_gem_objects.
75 	 *
76 	 * This callback is mandatory.
77 	 */
78 	void (*free)(struct drm_gem_object *obj);
79 
80 	/**
81 	 * @open:
82 	 *
83 	 * Called upon GEM handle creation.
84 	 *
85 	 * This callback is optional.
86 	 */
87 	int (*open)(struct drm_gem_object *obj, struct drm_file *file);
88 
89 	/**
90 	 * @close:
91 	 *
92 	 * Called upon GEM handle release.
93 	 *
94 	 * This callback is optional.
95 	 */
96 	void (*close)(struct drm_gem_object *obj, struct drm_file *file);
97 
98 	/**
99 	 * @print_info:
100 	 *
101 	 * If driver subclasses struct &drm_gem_object, it can implement this
102 	 * optional hook for printing additional driver specific info.
103 	 *
104 	 * drm_printf_indent() should be used in the callback passing it the
105 	 * indent argument.
106 	 *
107 	 * This callback is called from drm_gem_print_info().
108 	 *
109 	 * This callback is optional.
110 	 */
111 	void (*print_info)(struct drm_printer *p, unsigned int indent,
112 			   const struct drm_gem_object *obj);
113 
114 	/**
115 	 * @export:
116 	 *
117 	 * Export backing buffer as a &dma_buf.
118 	 * If this is not set drm_gem_prime_export() is used.
119 	 *
120 	 * This callback is optional.
121 	 */
122 	struct dma_buf *(*export)(struct drm_gem_object *obj, int flags);
123 
124 	/**
125 	 * @pin:
126 	 *
127 	 * Pin backing buffer in memory. Used by the drm_gem_map_attach() helper.
128 	 *
129 	 * This callback is optional.
130 	 */
131 	int (*pin)(struct drm_gem_object *obj);
132 
133 	/**
134 	 * @unpin:
135 	 *
136 	 * Unpin backing buffer. Used by the drm_gem_map_detach() helper.
137 	 *
138 	 * This callback is optional.
139 	 */
140 	void (*unpin)(struct drm_gem_object *obj);
141 
142 	/**
143 	 * @get_sg_table:
144 	 *
145 	 * Returns a Scatter-Gather table representation of the buffer.
146 	 * Used when exporting a buffer by the drm_gem_map_dma_buf() helper.
147 	 * Releasing is done by calling dma_unmap_sg_attrs() and sg_free_table()
148 	 * in drm_gem_unmap_buf(), therefore these helpers and this callback
149 	 * here cannot be used for sg tables pointing at driver private memory
150 	 * ranges.
151 	 *
152 	 * See also drm_prime_pages_to_sg().
153 	 */
154 	struct sg_table *(*get_sg_table)(struct drm_gem_object *obj);
155 
156 	/**
157 	 * @vmap:
158 	 *
159 	 * Returns a virtual address for the buffer. Used by the
160 	 * drm_gem_dmabuf_vmap() helper.
161 	 *
162 	 * This callback is optional.
163 	 */
164 	int (*vmap)(struct drm_gem_object *obj, struct iosys_map *map);
165 
166 	/**
167 	 * @vunmap:
168 	 *
169 	 * Releases the address previously returned by @vmap. Used by the
170 	 * drm_gem_dmabuf_vunmap() helper.
171 	 *
172 	 * This callback is optional.
173 	 */
174 	void (*vunmap)(struct drm_gem_object *obj, struct iosys_map *map);
175 
176 	/**
177 	 * @mmap:
178 	 *
179 	 * Handle mmap() of the gem object, setup vma accordingly.
180 	 *
181 	 * This callback is optional.
182 	 *
183 	 * The callback is used by both drm_gem_mmap_obj() and
184 	 * drm_gem_prime_mmap().  When @mmap is present @vm_ops is not
185 	 * used, the @mmap callback must set vma->vm_ops instead.
186 	 */
187 	int (*mmap)(struct drm_gem_object *obj, struct vm_area_struct *vma);
188 
189 	/**
190 	 * @evict:
191 	 *
192 	 * Evicts gem object out from memory. Used by the drm_gem_object_evict()
193 	 * helper. Returns 0 on success, -errno otherwise.
194 	 *
195 	 * This callback is optional.
196 	 */
197 	int (*evict)(struct drm_gem_object *obj);
198 
199 	/**
200 	 * @status:
201 	 *
202 	 * The optional status callback can return additional object state
203 	 * which determines which stats the object is counted against.  The
204 	 * callback is called under table_lock.  Racing against object status
205 	 * change is "harmless", and the callback can expect to not race
206 	 * against object destruction.
207 	 *
208 	 * Called by drm_show_memory_stats().
209 	 */
210 	enum drm_gem_object_status (*status)(struct drm_gem_object *obj);
211 
212 	/**
213 	 * @vm_ops:
214 	 *
215 	 * Virtual memory operations used with mmap.
216 	 *
217 	 * This is optional but necessary for mmap support.
218 	 */
219 	const struct vm_operations_struct *vm_ops;
220 };
221 
222 /**
223  * struct drm_gem_lru - A simple LRU helper
224  *
225  * A helper for tracking GEM objects in a given state, to aid in
226  * driver's shrinker implementation.  Tracks the count of pages
227  * for lockless &shrinker.count_objects, and provides
228  * &drm_gem_lru_scan for driver's &shrinker.scan_objects
229  * implementation.
230  */
231 struct drm_gem_lru {
232 	/**
233 	 * @lock:
234 	 *
235 	 * Lock protecting movement of GEM objects between LRUs.  All
236 	 * LRUs that the object can move between should be protected
237 	 * by the same lock.
238 	 */
239 	struct mutex *lock;
240 
241 	/**
242 	 * @count:
243 	 *
244 	 * The total number of backing pages of the GEM objects in
245 	 * this LRU.
246 	 */
247 	long count;
248 
249 	/**
250 	 * @list:
251 	 *
252 	 * The LRU list.
253 	 */
254 	struct list_head list;
255 };
256 
257 /**
258  * struct drm_gem_object - GEM buffer object
259  *
260  * This structure defines the generic parts for GEM buffer objects, which are
261  * mostly around handling mmap and userspace handles.
262  *
263  * Buffer objects are often abbreviated to BO.
264  */
265 struct drm_gem_object {
266 	/**
267 	 * @refcount:
268 	 *
269 	 * Reference count of this object
270 	 *
271 	 * Please use drm_gem_object_get() to acquire and drm_gem_object_put_locked()
272 	 * or drm_gem_object_put() to release a reference to a GEM
273 	 * buffer object.
274 	 */
275 	struct kref refcount;
276 
277 	/**
278 	 * @handle_count:
279 	 *
280 	 * This is the GEM file_priv handle count of this object.
281 	 *
282 	 * Each handle also holds a reference. Note that when the handle_count
283 	 * drops to 0 any global names (e.g. the id in the flink namespace) will
284 	 * be cleared.
285 	 *
286 	 * Protected by &drm_device.object_name_lock.
287 	 */
288 	unsigned handle_count;
289 
290 	/**
291 	 * @dev: DRM dev this object belongs to.
292 	 */
293 	struct drm_device *dev;
294 
295 	/**
296 	 * @filp:
297 	 *
298 	 * SHMEM file node used as backing storage for swappable buffer objects.
299 	 * GEM also supports driver private objects with driver-specific backing
300 	 * storage (contiguous DMA memory, special reserved blocks). In this
301 	 * case @filp is NULL.
302 	 */
303 	struct file *filp;
304 
305 	/**
306 	 * @vma_node:
307 	 *
308 	 * Mapping info for this object to support mmap. Drivers are supposed to
309 	 * allocate the mmap offset using drm_gem_create_mmap_offset(). The
310 	 * offset itself can be retrieved using drm_vma_node_offset_addr().
311 	 *
312 	 * Memory mapping itself is handled by drm_gem_mmap(), which also checks
313 	 * that userspace is allowed to access the object.
314 	 */
315 	struct drm_vma_offset_node vma_node;
316 
317 	/**
318 	 * @size:
319 	 *
320 	 * Size of the object, in bytes.  Immutable over the object's
321 	 * lifetime.
322 	 */
323 	size_t size;
324 
325 	/**
326 	 * @name:
327 	 *
328 	 * Global name for this object, starts at 1. 0 means unnamed.
329 	 * Access is covered by &drm_device.object_name_lock. This is used by
330 	 * the GEM_FLINK and GEM_OPEN ioctls.
331 	 */
332 	int name;
333 
334 	/**
335 	 * @dma_buf:
336 	 *
337 	 * dma-buf associated with this GEM object.
338 	 *
339 	 * Pointer to the dma-buf associated with this gem object (either
340 	 * through importing or exporting). We break the resulting reference
341 	 * loop when the last gem handle for this object is released.
342 	 *
343 	 * Protected by &drm_device.object_name_lock.
344 	 */
345 	struct dma_buf *dma_buf;
346 
347 	/**
348 	 * @import_attach:
349 	 *
350 	 * dma-buf attachment backing this object.
351 	 *
352 	 * Any foreign dma_buf imported as a gem object has this set to the
353 	 * attachment point for the device. This is invariant over the lifetime
354 	 * of a gem object.
355 	 *
356 	 * The &drm_gem_object_funcs.free callback is responsible for
357 	 * cleaning up the dma_buf attachment and references acquired at import
358 	 * time.
359 	 *
360 	 * Note that the drm gem/prime core does not depend upon drivers setting
361 	 * this field any more. So for drivers where this doesn't make sense
362 	 * (e.g. virtual devices or a displaylink behind an usb bus) they can
363 	 * simply leave it as NULL.
364 	 */
365 	struct dma_buf_attachment *import_attach;
366 
367 	/**
368 	 * @resv:
369 	 *
370 	 * Pointer to reservation object associated with the this GEM object.
371 	 *
372 	 * Normally (@resv == &@_resv) except for imported GEM objects.
373 	 */
374 	struct dma_resv *resv;
375 
376 	/**
377 	 * @_resv:
378 	 *
379 	 * A reservation object for this GEM object.
380 	 *
381 	 * This is unused for imported GEM objects.
382 	 */
383 	struct dma_resv _resv;
384 
385 	/**
386 	 * @gpuva:
387 	 *
388 	 * Provides the list of GPU VAs attached to this GEM object.
389 	 *
390 	 * Drivers should lock list accesses with the GEMs &dma_resv lock
391 	 * (&drm_gem_object.resv) or a custom lock if one is provided.
392 	 */
393 	struct {
394 		struct list_head list;
395 
396 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
397 		struct lockdep_map *lock_dep_map;
398 #endif
399 	} gpuva;
400 
401 	/**
402 	 * @funcs:
403 	 *
404 	 * Optional GEM object functions. If this is set, it will be used instead of the
405 	 * corresponding &drm_driver GEM callbacks.
406 	 *
407 	 * New drivers should use this.
408 	 *
409 	 */
410 	const struct drm_gem_object_funcs *funcs;
411 
412 	/**
413 	 * @lru_node:
414 	 *
415 	 * List node in a &drm_gem_lru.
416 	 */
417 	struct list_head lru_node;
418 
419 	/**
420 	 * @lru:
421 	 *
422 	 * The current LRU list that the GEM object is on.
423 	 */
424 	struct drm_gem_lru *lru;
425 };
426 
427 /**
428  * DRM_GEM_FOPS - Default drm GEM file operations
429  *
430  * This macro provides a shorthand for setting the GEM file ops in the
431  * &file_operations structure.  If all you need are the default ops, use
432  * DEFINE_DRM_GEM_FOPS instead.
433  */
434 #define DRM_GEM_FOPS \
435 	.open		= drm_open,\
436 	.release	= drm_release,\
437 	.unlocked_ioctl	= drm_ioctl,\
438 	.compat_ioctl	= drm_compat_ioctl,\
439 	.poll		= drm_poll,\
440 	.read		= drm_read,\
441 	.llseek		= noop_llseek,\
442 	.mmap		= drm_gem_mmap
443 
444 /**
445  * DEFINE_DRM_GEM_FOPS() - macro to generate file operations for GEM drivers
446  * @name: name for the generated structure
447  *
448  * This macro autogenerates a suitable &struct file_operations for GEM based
449  * drivers, which can be assigned to &drm_driver.fops. Note that this structure
450  * cannot be shared between drivers, because it contains a reference to the
451  * current module using THIS_MODULE.
452  *
453  * Note that the declaration is already marked as static - if you need a
454  * non-static version of this you're probably doing it wrong and will break the
455  * THIS_MODULE reference by accident.
456  */
457 #define DEFINE_DRM_GEM_FOPS(name) \
458 	static const struct file_operations name = {\
459 		.owner		= THIS_MODULE,\
460 		DRM_GEM_FOPS,\
461 	}
462 
463 void drm_gem_object_release(struct drm_gem_object *obj);
464 void drm_gem_object_free(struct kref *kref);
465 int drm_gem_object_init(struct drm_device *dev,
466 			struct drm_gem_object *obj, size_t size);
467 void drm_gem_private_object_init(struct drm_device *dev,
468 				 struct drm_gem_object *obj, size_t size);
469 void drm_gem_private_object_fini(struct drm_gem_object *obj);
470 void drm_gem_vm_open(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
471 void drm_gem_vm_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
472 int drm_gem_mmap_obj(struct drm_gem_object *obj, unsigned long obj_size,
473 		     struct vm_area_struct *vma);
474 int drm_gem_mmap(struct file *filp, struct vm_area_struct *vma);
475 
476 /**
477  * drm_gem_object_get - acquire a GEM buffer object reference
478  * @obj: GEM buffer object
479  *
480  * This function acquires an additional reference to @obj. It is illegal to
481  * call this without already holding a reference. No locks required.
482  */
drm_gem_object_get(struct drm_gem_object * obj)483 static inline void drm_gem_object_get(struct drm_gem_object *obj)
484 {
485 	kref_get(&obj->refcount);
486 }
487 
488 __attribute__((nonnull))
489 static inline void
__drm_gem_object_put(struct drm_gem_object * obj)490 __drm_gem_object_put(struct drm_gem_object *obj)
491 {
492 	kref_put(&obj->refcount, drm_gem_object_free);
493 }
494 
495 /**
496  * drm_gem_object_put - drop a GEM buffer object reference
497  * @obj: GEM buffer object
498  *
499  * This releases a reference to @obj.
500  */
501 static inline void
drm_gem_object_put(struct drm_gem_object * obj)502 drm_gem_object_put(struct drm_gem_object *obj)
503 {
504 	if (obj)
505 		__drm_gem_object_put(obj);
506 }
507 
508 int drm_gem_handle_create(struct drm_file *file_priv,
509 			  struct drm_gem_object *obj,
510 			  u32 *handlep);
511 int drm_gem_handle_delete(struct drm_file *filp, u32 handle);
512 
513 
514 void drm_gem_free_mmap_offset(struct drm_gem_object *obj);
515 int drm_gem_create_mmap_offset(struct drm_gem_object *obj);
516 int drm_gem_create_mmap_offset_size(struct drm_gem_object *obj, size_t size);
517 
518 struct page **drm_gem_get_pages(struct drm_gem_object *obj);
519 void drm_gem_put_pages(struct drm_gem_object *obj, struct page **pages,
520 		bool dirty, bool accessed);
521 
522 int drm_gem_vmap_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *obj, struct iosys_map *map);
523 void drm_gem_vunmap_unlocked(struct drm_gem_object *obj, struct iosys_map *map);
524 
525 int drm_gem_objects_lookup(struct drm_file *filp, void __user *bo_handles,
526 			   int count, struct drm_gem_object ***objs_out);
527 struct drm_gem_object *drm_gem_object_lookup(struct drm_file *filp, u32 handle);
528 long drm_gem_dma_resv_wait(struct drm_file *filep, u32 handle,
529 				    bool wait_all, unsigned long timeout);
530 int drm_gem_lock_reservations(struct drm_gem_object **objs, int count,
531 			      struct ww_acquire_ctx *acquire_ctx);
532 void drm_gem_unlock_reservations(struct drm_gem_object **objs, int count,
533 				 struct ww_acquire_ctx *acquire_ctx);
534 int drm_gem_dumb_map_offset(struct drm_file *file, struct drm_device *dev,
535 			    u32 handle, u64 *offset);
536 
537 void drm_gem_lru_init(struct drm_gem_lru *lru, struct mutex *lock);
538 void drm_gem_lru_remove(struct drm_gem_object *obj);
539 void drm_gem_lru_move_tail_locked(struct drm_gem_lru *lru, struct drm_gem_object *obj);
540 void drm_gem_lru_move_tail(struct drm_gem_lru *lru, struct drm_gem_object *obj);
541 unsigned long drm_gem_lru_scan(struct drm_gem_lru *lru,
542 			       unsigned int nr_to_scan,
543 			       unsigned long *remaining,
544 			       bool (*shrink)(struct drm_gem_object *obj));
545 
546 int drm_gem_evict(struct drm_gem_object *obj);
547 
548 /**
549  * drm_gem_object_is_shared_for_memory_stats - helper for shared memory stats
550  *
551  * This helper should only be used for fdinfo shared memory stats to determine
552  * if a GEM object is shared.
553  *
554  * @obj: obj in question
555  */
drm_gem_object_is_shared_for_memory_stats(struct drm_gem_object * obj)556 static inline bool drm_gem_object_is_shared_for_memory_stats(struct drm_gem_object *obj)
557 {
558 	return (obj->handle_count > 1) || obj->dma_buf;
559 }
560 
561 /**
562  * drm_gem_is_imported() - Tests if GEM object's buffer has been imported
563  * @obj: the GEM object
564  *
565  * Returns:
566  * True if the GEM object's buffer has been imported, false otherwise
567  */
drm_gem_is_imported(const struct drm_gem_object * obj)568 static inline bool drm_gem_is_imported(const struct drm_gem_object *obj)
569 {
570 	return !!obj->import_attach;
571 }
572 
573 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
574 /**
575  * drm_gem_gpuva_set_lock() - Set the lock protecting accesses to the gpuva list.
576  * @obj: the &drm_gem_object
577  * @lock: the lock used to protect the gpuva list. The locking primitive
578  * must contain a dep_map field.
579  *
580  * Call this if you're not proctecting access to the gpuva list with the
581  * dma-resv lock, but with a custom lock.
582  */
583 #define drm_gem_gpuva_set_lock(obj, lock) \
584 	if (!WARN((obj)->gpuva.lock_dep_map, \
585 		  "GEM GPUVA lock should be set only once.")) \
586 		(obj)->gpuva.lock_dep_map = &(lock)->dep_map
587 #define drm_gem_gpuva_assert_lock_held(obj) \
588 	lockdep_assert((obj)->gpuva.lock_dep_map ? \
589 		       lock_is_held((obj)->gpuva.lock_dep_map) : \
590 		       dma_resv_held((obj)->resv))
591 #else
592 #define drm_gem_gpuva_set_lock(obj, lock) do {} while (0)
593 #define drm_gem_gpuva_assert_lock_held(obj) do {} while (0)
594 #endif
595 
596 /**
597  * drm_gem_gpuva_init() - initialize the gpuva list of a GEM object
598  * @obj: the &drm_gem_object
599  *
600  * This initializes the &drm_gem_object's &drm_gpuva list.
601  *
602  * Calling this function is only necessary for drivers intending to support the
603  * &drm_driver_feature DRIVER_GEM_GPUVA.
604  *
605  * See also drm_gem_gpuva_set_lock().
606  */
drm_gem_gpuva_init(struct drm_gem_object * obj)607 static inline void drm_gem_gpuva_init(struct drm_gem_object *obj)
608 {
609 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&obj->gpuva.list);
610 }
611 
612 /**
613  * drm_gem_for_each_gpuva() - iternator to walk over a list of gpuvas
614  * @entry__: &drm_gpuva structure to assign to in each iteration step
615  * @obj__: the &drm_gem_object the &drm_gpuvas to walk are associated with
616  *
617  * This iterator walks over all &drm_gpuva structures associated with the
618  * &drm_gpuva_manager.
619  */
620 #define drm_gem_for_each_gpuva(entry__, obj__) \
621 	list_for_each_entry(entry__, &(obj__)->gpuva.list, gem.entry)
622 
623 /**
624  * drm_gem_for_each_gpuva_safe() - iternator to safely walk over a list of
625  * gpuvas
626  * @entry__: &drm_gpuva structure to assign to in each iteration step
627  * @next__: &next &drm_gpuva to store the next step
628  * @obj__: the &drm_gem_object the &drm_gpuvas to walk are associated with
629  *
630  * This iterator walks over all &drm_gpuva structures associated with the
631  * &drm_gem_object. It is implemented with list_for_each_entry_safe(), hence
632  * it is save against removal of elements.
633  */
634 #define drm_gem_for_each_gpuva_safe(entry__, next__, obj__) \
635 	list_for_each_entry_safe(entry__, next__, &(obj__)->gpuva.list, gem.entry)
636 
637 #endif /* __DRM_GEM_H__ */
638