xref: /openbmc/linux/lib/crypto/gf128mul.c (revision b67ce439)
1 /* gf128mul.c - GF(2^128) multiplication functions
2  *
3  * Copyright (c) 2003, Dr Brian Gladman, Worcester, UK.
4  * Copyright (c) 2006, Rik Snel <rsnel@cube.dyndns.org>
5  *
6  * Based on Dr Brian Gladman's (GPL'd) work published at
7  * http://gladman.plushost.co.uk/oldsite/cryptography_technology/index.php
8  * See the original copyright notice below.
9  *
10  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
11  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
12  * Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
13  * any later version.
14  */
15 
16 /*
17  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
18  Copyright (c) 2003, Dr Brian Gladman, Worcester, UK.   All rights reserved.
19 
20  LICENSE TERMS
21 
22  The free distribution and use of this software in both source and binary
23  form is allowed (with or without changes) provided that:
24 
25    1. distributions of this source code include the above copyright
26       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
27 
28    2. distributions in binary form include the above copyright
29       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
30       in the documentation and/or other associated materials;
31 
32    3. the copyright holder's name is not used to endorse products
33       built using this software without specific written permission.
34 
35  ALTERNATIVELY, provided that this notice is retained in full, this product
36  may be distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL),
37  in which case the provisions of the GPL apply INSTEAD OF those given above.
38 
39  DISCLAIMER
40 
41  This software is provided 'as is' with no explicit or implied warranties
42  in respect of its properties, including, but not limited to, correctness
43  and/or fitness for purpose.
44  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
45  Issue 31/01/2006
46 
47  This file provides fast multiplication in GF(2^128) as required by several
48  cryptographic authentication modes
49 */
50 
51 #include <crypto/gf128mul.h>
52 #include <linux/kernel.h>
53 #include <linux/module.h>
54 #include <linux/slab.h>
55 
56 #define gf128mul_dat(q) { \
57 	q(0x00), q(0x01), q(0x02), q(0x03), q(0x04), q(0x05), q(0x06), q(0x07),\
58 	q(0x08), q(0x09), q(0x0a), q(0x0b), q(0x0c), q(0x0d), q(0x0e), q(0x0f),\
59 	q(0x10), q(0x11), q(0x12), q(0x13), q(0x14), q(0x15), q(0x16), q(0x17),\
60 	q(0x18), q(0x19), q(0x1a), q(0x1b), q(0x1c), q(0x1d), q(0x1e), q(0x1f),\
61 	q(0x20), q(0x21), q(0x22), q(0x23), q(0x24), q(0x25), q(0x26), q(0x27),\
62 	q(0x28), q(0x29), q(0x2a), q(0x2b), q(0x2c), q(0x2d), q(0x2e), q(0x2f),\
63 	q(0x30), q(0x31), q(0x32), q(0x33), q(0x34), q(0x35), q(0x36), q(0x37),\
64 	q(0x38), q(0x39), q(0x3a), q(0x3b), q(0x3c), q(0x3d), q(0x3e), q(0x3f),\
65 	q(0x40), q(0x41), q(0x42), q(0x43), q(0x44), q(0x45), q(0x46), q(0x47),\
66 	q(0x48), q(0x49), q(0x4a), q(0x4b), q(0x4c), q(0x4d), q(0x4e), q(0x4f),\
67 	q(0x50), q(0x51), q(0x52), q(0x53), q(0x54), q(0x55), q(0x56), q(0x57),\
68 	q(0x58), q(0x59), q(0x5a), q(0x5b), q(0x5c), q(0x5d), q(0x5e), q(0x5f),\
69 	q(0x60), q(0x61), q(0x62), q(0x63), q(0x64), q(0x65), q(0x66), q(0x67),\
70 	q(0x68), q(0x69), q(0x6a), q(0x6b), q(0x6c), q(0x6d), q(0x6e), q(0x6f),\
71 	q(0x70), q(0x71), q(0x72), q(0x73), q(0x74), q(0x75), q(0x76), q(0x77),\
72 	q(0x78), q(0x79), q(0x7a), q(0x7b), q(0x7c), q(0x7d), q(0x7e), q(0x7f),\
73 	q(0x80), q(0x81), q(0x82), q(0x83), q(0x84), q(0x85), q(0x86), q(0x87),\
74 	q(0x88), q(0x89), q(0x8a), q(0x8b), q(0x8c), q(0x8d), q(0x8e), q(0x8f),\
75 	q(0x90), q(0x91), q(0x92), q(0x93), q(0x94), q(0x95), q(0x96), q(0x97),\
76 	q(0x98), q(0x99), q(0x9a), q(0x9b), q(0x9c), q(0x9d), q(0x9e), q(0x9f),\
77 	q(0xa0), q(0xa1), q(0xa2), q(0xa3), q(0xa4), q(0xa5), q(0xa6), q(0xa7),\
78 	q(0xa8), q(0xa9), q(0xaa), q(0xab), q(0xac), q(0xad), q(0xae), q(0xaf),\
79 	q(0xb0), q(0xb1), q(0xb2), q(0xb3), q(0xb4), q(0xb5), q(0xb6), q(0xb7),\
80 	q(0xb8), q(0xb9), q(0xba), q(0xbb), q(0xbc), q(0xbd), q(0xbe), q(0xbf),\
81 	q(0xc0), q(0xc1), q(0xc2), q(0xc3), q(0xc4), q(0xc5), q(0xc6), q(0xc7),\
82 	q(0xc8), q(0xc9), q(0xca), q(0xcb), q(0xcc), q(0xcd), q(0xce), q(0xcf),\
83 	q(0xd0), q(0xd1), q(0xd2), q(0xd3), q(0xd4), q(0xd5), q(0xd6), q(0xd7),\
84 	q(0xd8), q(0xd9), q(0xda), q(0xdb), q(0xdc), q(0xdd), q(0xde), q(0xdf),\
85 	q(0xe0), q(0xe1), q(0xe2), q(0xe3), q(0xe4), q(0xe5), q(0xe6), q(0xe7),\
86 	q(0xe8), q(0xe9), q(0xea), q(0xeb), q(0xec), q(0xed), q(0xee), q(0xef),\
87 	q(0xf0), q(0xf1), q(0xf2), q(0xf3), q(0xf4), q(0xf5), q(0xf6), q(0xf7),\
88 	q(0xf8), q(0xf9), q(0xfa), q(0xfb), q(0xfc), q(0xfd), q(0xfe), q(0xff) \
89 }
90 
91 /*
92  * Given a value i in 0..255 as the byte overflow when a field element
93  * in GF(2^128) is multiplied by x^8, the following macro returns the
94  * 16-bit value that must be XOR-ed into the low-degree end of the
95  * product to reduce it modulo the polynomial x^128 + x^7 + x^2 + x + 1.
96  *
97  * There are two versions of the macro, and hence two tables: one for
98  * the "be" convention where the highest-order bit is the coefficient of
99  * the highest-degree polynomial term, and one for the "le" convention
100  * where the highest-order bit is the coefficient of the lowest-degree
101  * polynomial term.  In both cases the values are stored in CPU byte
102  * endianness such that the coefficients are ordered consistently across
103  * bytes, i.e. in the "be" table bits 15..0 of the stored value
104  * correspond to the coefficients of x^15..x^0, and in the "le" table
105  * bits 15..0 correspond to the coefficients of x^0..x^15.
106  *
107  * Therefore, provided that the appropriate byte endianness conversions
108  * are done by the multiplication functions (and these must be in place
109  * anyway to support both little endian and big endian CPUs), the "be"
110  * table can be used for multiplications of both "bbe" and "ble"
111  * elements, and the "le" table can be used for multiplications of both
112  * "lle" and "lbe" elements.
113  */
114 
115 #define xda_be(i) ( \
116 	(i & 0x80 ? 0x4380 : 0) ^ (i & 0x40 ? 0x21c0 : 0) ^ \
117 	(i & 0x20 ? 0x10e0 : 0) ^ (i & 0x10 ? 0x0870 : 0) ^ \
118 	(i & 0x08 ? 0x0438 : 0) ^ (i & 0x04 ? 0x021c : 0) ^ \
119 	(i & 0x02 ? 0x010e : 0) ^ (i & 0x01 ? 0x0087 : 0) \
120 )
121 
122 #define xda_le(i) ( \
123 	(i & 0x80 ? 0xe100 : 0) ^ (i & 0x40 ? 0x7080 : 0) ^ \
124 	(i & 0x20 ? 0x3840 : 0) ^ (i & 0x10 ? 0x1c20 : 0) ^ \
125 	(i & 0x08 ? 0x0e10 : 0) ^ (i & 0x04 ? 0x0708 : 0) ^ \
126 	(i & 0x02 ? 0x0384 : 0) ^ (i & 0x01 ? 0x01c2 : 0) \
127 )
128 
129 static const u16 gf128mul_table_le[256] = gf128mul_dat(xda_le);
130 static const u16 gf128mul_table_be[256] = gf128mul_dat(xda_be);
131 
132 /*
133  * The following functions multiply a field element by x^8 in
134  * the polynomial field representation.  They use 64-bit word operations
135  * to gain speed but compensate for machine endianness and hence work
136  * correctly on both styles of machine.
137  */
138 
gf128mul_x8_lle(be128 * x)139 static void gf128mul_x8_lle(be128 *x)
140 {
141 	u64 a = be64_to_cpu(x->a);
142 	u64 b = be64_to_cpu(x->b);
143 	u64 _tt = gf128mul_table_le[b & 0xff];
144 
145 	x->b = cpu_to_be64((b >> 8) | (a << 56));
146 	x->a = cpu_to_be64((a >> 8) ^ (_tt << 48));
147 }
148 
149 /* time invariant version of gf128mul_x8_lle */
gf128mul_x8_lle_ti(be128 * x)150 static void gf128mul_x8_lle_ti(be128 *x)
151 {
152 	u64 a = be64_to_cpu(x->a);
153 	u64 b = be64_to_cpu(x->b);
154 	u64 _tt = xda_le(b & 0xff); /* avoid table lookup */
155 
156 	x->b = cpu_to_be64((b >> 8) | (a << 56));
157 	x->a = cpu_to_be64((a >> 8) ^ (_tt << 48));
158 }
159 
gf128mul_x8_bbe(be128 * x)160 static void gf128mul_x8_bbe(be128 *x)
161 {
162 	u64 a = be64_to_cpu(x->a);
163 	u64 b = be64_to_cpu(x->b);
164 	u64 _tt = gf128mul_table_be[a >> 56];
165 
166 	x->a = cpu_to_be64((a << 8) | (b >> 56));
167 	x->b = cpu_to_be64((b << 8) ^ _tt);
168 }
169 
gf128mul_x8_ble(le128 * r,const le128 * x)170 void gf128mul_x8_ble(le128 *r, const le128 *x)
171 {
172 	u64 a = le64_to_cpu(x->a);
173 	u64 b = le64_to_cpu(x->b);
174 	u64 _tt = gf128mul_table_be[a >> 56];
175 
176 	r->a = cpu_to_le64((a << 8) | (b >> 56));
177 	r->b = cpu_to_le64((b << 8) ^ _tt);
178 }
179 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gf128mul_x8_ble);
180 
gf128mul_lle(be128 * r,const be128 * b)181 void gf128mul_lle(be128 *r, const be128 *b)
182 {
183 	/*
184 	 * The p array should be aligned to twice the size of its element type,
185 	 * so that every even/odd pair is guaranteed to share a cacheline
186 	 * (assuming a cacheline size of 32 bytes or more, which is by far the
187 	 * most common). This ensures that each be128_xor() call in the loop
188 	 * takes the same amount of time regardless of the value of 'ch', which
189 	 * is derived from function parameter 'b', which is commonly used as a
190 	 * key, e.g., for GHASH. The odd array elements are all set to zero,
191 	 * making each be128_xor() a NOP if its associated bit in 'ch' is not
192 	 * set, and this is equivalent to calling be128_xor() conditionally.
193 	 * This approach aims to avoid leaking information about such keys
194 	 * through execution time variances.
195 	 *
196 	 * Unfortunately, __aligned(16) or higher does not work on x86 for
197 	 * variables on the stack so we need to perform the alignment by hand.
198 	 */
199 	be128 array[16 + 3] = {};
200 	be128 *p = PTR_ALIGN(&array[0], 2 * sizeof(be128));
201 	int i;
202 
203 	p[0] = *r;
204 	for (i = 0; i < 7; ++i)
205 		gf128mul_x_lle(&p[2 * i + 2], &p[2 * i]);
206 
207 	memset(r, 0, sizeof(*r));
208 	for (i = 0;;) {
209 		u8 ch = ((u8 *)b)[15 - i];
210 
211 		be128_xor(r, r, &p[ 0 + !(ch & 0x80)]);
212 		be128_xor(r, r, &p[ 2 + !(ch & 0x40)]);
213 		be128_xor(r, r, &p[ 4 + !(ch & 0x20)]);
214 		be128_xor(r, r, &p[ 6 + !(ch & 0x10)]);
215 		be128_xor(r, r, &p[ 8 + !(ch & 0x08)]);
216 		be128_xor(r, r, &p[10 + !(ch & 0x04)]);
217 		be128_xor(r, r, &p[12 + !(ch & 0x02)]);
218 		be128_xor(r, r, &p[14 + !(ch & 0x01)]);
219 
220 		if (++i >= 16)
221 			break;
222 
223 		gf128mul_x8_lle_ti(r); /* use the time invariant version */
224 	}
225 }
226 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gf128mul_lle);
227 
gf128mul_bbe(be128 * r,const be128 * b)228 void gf128mul_bbe(be128 *r, const be128 *b)
229 {
230 	be128 p[8];
231 	int i;
232 
233 	p[0] = *r;
234 	for (i = 0; i < 7; ++i)
235 		gf128mul_x_bbe(&p[i + 1], &p[i]);
236 
237 	memset(r, 0, sizeof(*r));
238 	for (i = 0;;) {
239 		u8 ch = ((u8 *)b)[i];
240 
241 		if (ch & 0x80)
242 			be128_xor(r, r, &p[7]);
243 		if (ch & 0x40)
244 			be128_xor(r, r, &p[6]);
245 		if (ch & 0x20)
246 			be128_xor(r, r, &p[5]);
247 		if (ch & 0x10)
248 			be128_xor(r, r, &p[4]);
249 		if (ch & 0x08)
250 			be128_xor(r, r, &p[3]);
251 		if (ch & 0x04)
252 			be128_xor(r, r, &p[2]);
253 		if (ch & 0x02)
254 			be128_xor(r, r, &p[1]);
255 		if (ch & 0x01)
256 			be128_xor(r, r, &p[0]);
257 
258 		if (++i >= 16)
259 			break;
260 
261 		gf128mul_x8_bbe(r);
262 	}
263 }
264 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gf128mul_bbe);
265 
266 /*      This version uses 64k bytes of table space.
267     A 16 byte buffer has to be multiplied by a 16 byte key
268     value in GF(2^128).  If we consider a GF(2^128) value in
269     the buffer's lowest byte, we can construct a table of
270     the 256 16 byte values that result from the 256 values
271     of this byte.  This requires 4096 bytes. But we also
272     need tables for each of the 16 higher bytes in the
273     buffer as well, which makes 64 kbytes in total.
274 */
275 /* additional explanation
276  * t[0][BYTE] contains g*BYTE
277  * t[1][BYTE] contains g*x^8*BYTE
278  *  ..
279  * t[15][BYTE] contains g*x^120*BYTE */
gf128mul_init_64k_bbe(const be128 * g)280 struct gf128mul_64k *gf128mul_init_64k_bbe(const be128 *g)
281 {
282 	struct gf128mul_64k *t;
283 	int i, j, k;
284 
285 	t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
286 	if (!t)
287 		goto out;
288 
289 	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
290 		t->t[i] = kzalloc(sizeof(*t->t[i]), GFP_KERNEL);
291 		if (!t->t[i]) {
292 			gf128mul_free_64k(t);
293 			t = NULL;
294 			goto out;
295 		}
296 	}
297 
298 	t->t[0]->t[1] = *g;
299 	for (j = 1; j <= 64; j <<= 1)
300 		gf128mul_x_bbe(&t->t[0]->t[j + j], &t->t[0]->t[j]);
301 
302 	for (i = 0;;) {
303 		for (j = 2; j < 256; j += j)
304 			for (k = 1; k < j; ++k)
305 				be128_xor(&t->t[i]->t[j + k],
306 					  &t->t[i]->t[j], &t->t[i]->t[k]);
307 
308 		if (++i >= 16)
309 			break;
310 
311 		for (j = 128; j > 0; j >>= 1) {
312 			t->t[i]->t[j] = t->t[i - 1]->t[j];
313 			gf128mul_x8_bbe(&t->t[i]->t[j]);
314 		}
315 	}
316 
317 out:
318 	return t;
319 }
320 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gf128mul_init_64k_bbe);
321 
gf128mul_free_64k(struct gf128mul_64k * t)322 void gf128mul_free_64k(struct gf128mul_64k *t)
323 {
324 	int i;
325 
326 	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
327 		kfree_sensitive(t->t[i]);
328 	kfree_sensitive(t);
329 }
330 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gf128mul_free_64k);
331 
gf128mul_64k_bbe(be128 * a,const struct gf128mul_64k * t)332 void gf128mul_64k_bbe(be128 *a, const struct gf128mul_64k *t)
333 {
334 	u8 *ap = (u8 *)a;
335 	be128 r[1];
336 	int i;
337 
338 	*r = t->t[0]->t[ap[15]];
339 	for (i = 1; i < 16; ++i)
340 		be128_xor(r, r, &t->t[i]->t[ap[15 - i]]);
341 	*a = *r;
342 }
343 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gf128mul_64k_bbe);
344 
345 /*      This version uses 4k bytes of table space.
346     A 16 byte buffer has to be multiplied by a 16 byte key
347     value in GF(2^128).  If we consider a GF(2^128) value in a
348     single byte, we can construct a table of the 256 16 byte
349     values that result from the 256 values of this byte.
350     This requires 4096 bytes. If we take the highest byte in
351     the buffer and use this table to get the result, we then
352     have to multiply by x^120 to get the final value. For the
353     next highest byte the result has to be multiplied by x^112
354     and so on. But we can do this by accumulating the result
355     in an accumulator starting with the result for the top
356     byte.  We repeatedly multiply the accumulator value by
357     x^8 and then add in (i.e. xor) the 16 bytes of the next
358     lower byte in the buffer, stopping when we reach the
359     lowest byte. This requires a 4096 byte table.
360 */
gf128mul_init_4k_lle(const be128 * g)361 struct gf128mul_4k *gf128mul_init_4k_lle(const be128 *g)
362 {
363 	struct gf128mul_4k *t;
364 	int j, k;
365 
366 	t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
367 	if (!t)
368 		goto out;
369 
370 	t->t[128] = *g;
371 	for (j = 64; j > 0; j >>= 1)
372 		gf128mul_x_lle(&t->t[j], &t->t[j+j]);
373 
374 	for (j = 2; j < 256; j += j)
375 		for (k = 1; k < j; ++k)
376 			be128_xor(&t->t[j + k], &t->t[j], &t->t[k]);
377 
378 out:
379 	return t;
380 }
381 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gf128mul_init_4k_lle);
382 
gf128mul_init_4k_bbe(const be128 * g)383 struct gf128mul_4k *gf128mul_init_4k_bbe(const be128 *g)
384 {
385 	struct gf128mul_4k *t;
386 	int j, k;
387 
388 	t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
389 	if (!t)
390 		goto out;
391 
392 	t->t[1] = *g;
393 	for (j = 1; j <= 64; j <<= 1)
394 		gf128mul_x_bbe(&t->t[j + j], &t->t[j]);
395 
396 	for (j = 2; j < 256; j += j)
397 		for (k = 1; k < j; ++k)
398 			be128_xor(&t->t[j + k], &t->t[j], &t->t[k]);
399 
400 out:
401 	return t;
402 }
403 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gf128mul_init_4k_bbe);
404 
gf128mul_4k_lle(be128 * a,const struct gf128mul_4k * t)405 void gf128mul_4k_lle(be128 *a, const struct gf128mul_4k *t)
406 {
407 	u8 *ap = (u8 *)a;
408 	be128 r[1];
409 	int i = 15;
410 
411 	*r = t->t[ap[15]];
412 	while (i--) {
413 		gf128mul_x8_lle(r);
414 		be128_xor(r, r, &t->t[ap[i]]);
415 	}
416 	*a = *r;
417 }
418 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gf128mul_4k_lle);
419 
gf128mul_4k_bbe(be128 * a,const struct gf128mul_4k * t)420 void gf128mul_4k_bbe(be128 *a, const struct gf128mul_4k *t)
421 {
422 	u8 *ap = (u8 *)a;
423 	be128 r[1];
424 	int i = 0;
425 
426 	*r = t->t[ap[0]];
427 	while (++i < 16) {
428 		gf128mul_x8_bbe(r);
429 		be128_xor(r, r, &t->t[ap[i]]);
430 	}
431 	*a = *r;
432 }
433 EXPORT_SYMBOL(gf128mul_4k_bbe);
434 
435 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
436 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Functions for multiplying elements of GF(2^128)");
437