.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 .. _tw_magicnumbers: .. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_TW.rst :Original: :ref:`Documentation/process/magic-number.rst <magicnumbers>` 如果想評論或更新本文的內容,請直接發信到LKMLã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ ä½¿ç”¨è‹±æ–‡äº¤æµæœ‰å›°é›£çš„è©±ï¼Œä¹Ÿå¯ ä»¥å‘ä¸æ–‡ç‰ˆç¶è·è€…求助。如果本翻è¯æ›´æ–°ä¸åŠæ™‚或者翻è¯å˜åœ¨å•é¡Œï¼Œè«‹è¯ç¹«ä¸æ–‡ç‰ˆç¶è·è€…:: ä¸æ–‡ç‰ˆç¶è·è€…: 賈å¨å¨ Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@gmail.com> ä¸æ–‡ç‰ˆç¿»è¯è€…: 賈å¨å¨ Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@gmail.com> ä¸æ–‡ç‰ˆæ ¡è¯è€…: 賈å¨å¨ Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@gmail.com> 胡皓文 Hu Haowen <src.res@email.cn> Linux é”術數 ============ 這個文件是有關當å‰ä½¿ç”¨çš„é”è¡“å€¼è¨»å†Šè¡¨ã€‚ç•¶ä½ çµ¦ä¸€å€‹çµæ§‹æ·»åŠ 了一個é”è¡“å€¼ï¼Œä½ ä¹Ÿæ‡‰è©²æŠŠé€™å€‹é”è¡“å€¼æ·»åŠ åˆ°é€™å€‹æ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œå› çˆ²æˆ‘å€‘æœ€å¥½æŠŠç”¨æ–¼å„種çµæ§‹çš„é”術值統一起來。 使用é”術值來ä¿è·å…§æ ¸æ•¸æ“šçµæ§‹æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹éžå¸¸å¥½çš„主æ„。這就å…è¨±ä½ åœ¨é‹è¡ŒæœŸæª¢æŸ¥(a)一個çµæ§‹æ˜¯å¦å·²ç¶“被攻擊,或者(b)ä½ å·²ç¶“çµ¦ä¸€å€‹ä¾‹è¡Œç¨‹åºé€šéŽäº†ä¸€å€‹éŒ¯èª¤çš„çµæ§‹ã€‚後一種情æ³ç‰¹åˆ¥åœ°æœ‰ç”¨---ç‰¹åˆ¥æ˜¯ç•¶ä½ é€šéŽä¸€å€‹ç©ºæŒ‡é‡æŒ‡å‘çµæ§‹é«”的時候。ttyæºç¢¼ï¼Œä¾‹å¦‚,經常通éŽç‰¹å®šé©…動使用這種方法並且å覆地排列特定方é¢çš„çµæ§‹ã€‚ 使用é”術值的方法是在çµæ§‹çš„開始處è²æ˜Žçš„,如下:: struct tty_ldisc { int magic; ... }; ç•¶ä½ ä»¥å¾Œçµ¦å…§æ ¸æ·»åŠ å¢žå¼·åŠŸèƒ½çš„æ™‚å€™ï¼Œè«‹éµå®ˆé€™æ¢è¦å‰‡ï¼é€™æ¨£å°±æœƒç¯€çœæ•¸ä¸æ¸…的調試時間,特別是一些å¤æ€ªçš„情æ³ï¼Œä¾‹å¦‚,數組超出範åœä¸¦ä¸”é‡æ–°å¯«äº†è¶…出部分。éµå®ˆé€™å€‹è¦å‰‡ï¼Œâ€ªé€™äº›æƒ…æ³å¯ä»¥è¢«å¿«é€Ÿåœ°ï¼Œå®‰å…¨åœ°é¿å…。 Theodore Ts'o 31 Mar 94 給當å‰çš„Linux 2.1.55æ·»åŠ é”術表。 Michael Chastain <mailto:mec@shout.net> 22 Sep 1997 ç¾åœ¨æ‡‰è©²æœ€æ–°çš„Linux 2.1.112.å› çˆ²åœ¨ç‰¹æ€§å‡çµæœŸé–“,ä¸èƒ½åœ¨2.2.xå‰æ”¹è®Šä»»ä½•æ±è¥¿ã€‚這些æ¢ç›®è¢«æ•¸åŸŸæ‰€æŽ’åºã€‚ Krzysztof G.Baranowski <mailto: kgb@knm.org.pl> 29 Jul 1998 æ›´æ–°é”術表到Linux 2.5.45。剛好越éŽç‰¹æ€§å‡çµï¼Œä½†æ˜¯æœ‰å¯èƒ½é‚„會有一些新的é”術值在2.6.x之å‰èžå…¥åˆ°å…§æ ¸ä¸ã€‚ Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz> 03 Nov 2002 æ›´æ–°é”術表到Linux 2.5.74。 Fabian Frederick <ffrederick@users.sourceforge.net> 09 Jul 2003 ===================== ================ ======================== ========================================== é”術數å æ•¸å— çµæ§‹ 文件 ===================== ================ ======================== ========================================== PG_MAGIC 'P' pg_{read,write}_hdr ``include/linux/pg.h`` CMAGIC 0x0111 user ``include/linux/a.out.h`` MKISS_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x04bf mkiss_channel ``drivers/net/mkiss.h`` HDLC_MAGIC 0x239e n_hdlc ``drivers/char/n_hdlc.c`` APM_BIOS_MAGIC 0x4101 apm_user ``arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c`` DB_MAGIC 0x4442 fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c`` DL_MAGIC 0x444d fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c`` FASYNC_MAGIC 0x4601 fasync_struct ``include/linux/fs.h`` FF_MAGIC 0x4646 fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c`` PTY_MAGIC 0x5001 ``drivers/char/pty.c`` PPP_MAGIC 0x5002 ppp ``include/linux/if_pppvar.h`` SSTATE_MAGIC 0x5302 serial_state ``include/linux/serial.h`` SLIP_MAGIC 0x5302 slip ``drivers/net/slip.h`` STRIP_MAGIC 0x5303 strip ``drivers/net/strip.c`` SIXPACK_MAGIC 0x5304 sixpack ``drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.h`` AX25_MAGIC 0x5316 ax_disp ``drivers/net/mkiss.h`` TTY_MAGIC 0x5401 tty_struct ``include/linux/tty.h`` MGSL_MAGIC 0x5401 mgsl_info ``drivers/char/synclink.c`` TTY_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x5402 tty_driver ``include/linux/tty_driver.h`` MGSLPC_MAGIC 0x5402 mgslpc_info ``drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c`` USB_SERIAL_MAGIC 0x6702 usb_serial ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h`` FULL_DUPLEX_MAGIC 0x6969 ``drivers/net/ethernet/dec/tulip/de2104x.c`` USB_BLUETOOTH_MAGIC 0x6d02 usb_bluetooth ``drivers/usb/class/bluetty.c`` RFCOMM_TTY_MAGIC 0x6d02 ``net/bluetooth/rfcomm/tty.c`` USB_SERIAL_PORT_MAGIC 0x7301 usb_serial_port ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h`` CG_MAGIC 0x00090255 ufs_cylinder_group ``include/linux/ufs_fs.h`` LSEMAGIC 0x05091998 lse ``drivers/fc4/fc.c`` GDTIOCTL_MAGIC 0x06030f07 gdth_iowr_str ``drivers/scsi/gdth_ioctl.h`` RIEBL_MAGIC 0x09051990 ``drivers/net/atarilance.c`` NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC 0x12560953 nbd_request ``include/linux/nbd.h`` RED_MAGIC2 0x170fc2a5 (any) ``mm/slab.c`` BAYCOM_MAGIC 0x19730510 baycom_state ``drivers/net/baycom_epp.c`` ISDN_X25IFACE_MAGIC 0x1e75a2b9 isdn_x25iface_proto_data ``drivers/isdn/isdn_x25iface.h`` ECP_MAGIC 0x21504345 cdkecpsig ``include/linux/cdk.h`` LSOMAGIC 0x27091997 lso ``drivers/fc4/fc.c`` LSMAGIC 0x2a3b4d2a ls ``drivers/fc4/fc.c`` WANPIPE_MAGIC 0x414C4453 sdla_{dump,exec} ``include/linux/wanpipe.h`` CS_CARD_MAGIC 0x43525553 cs_card ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c`` LABELCL_MAGIC 0x4857434c labelcl_info_s ``include/asm/ia64/sn/labelcl.h`` ISDN_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 modem_info ``include/linux/isdn.h`` CTC_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 ctc_tty_info ``drivers/s390/net/ctctty.c`` ISDN_NET_MAGIC 0x49344C02 isdn_net_local_s ``drivers/isdn/i4l/isdn_net_lib.h`` SAVEKMSG_MAGIC2 0x4B4D5347 savekmsg ``arch/*/amiga/config.c`` CS_STATE_MAGIC 0x4c4f4749 cs_state ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c`` SLAB_C_MAGIC 0x4f17a36d kmem_cache ``mm/slab.c`` COW_MAGIC 0x4f4f4f4d cow_header_v1 ``arch/um/drivers/ubd_user.c`` I810_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E i810_card ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c`` TRIDENT_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E trident_card ``sound/oss/trident.c`` ROUTER_MAGIC 0x524d4157 wan_device [in ``wanrouter.h`` pre 3.9] SAVEKMSG_MAGIC1 0x53415645 savekmsg ``arch/*/amiga/config.c`` GDA_MAGIC 0x58464552 gda ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/gda.h`` RED_MAGIC1 0x5a2cf071 (any) ``mm/slab.c`` EEPROM_MAGIC_VALUE 0x5ab478d2 lanai_dev ``drivers/atm/lanai.c`` HDLCDRV_MAGIC 0x5ac6e778 hdlcdrv_state ``include/linux/hdlcdrv.h`` PCXX_MAGIC 0x5c6df104 channel ``drivers/char/pcxx.h`` KV_MAGIC 0x5f4b565f kernel_vars_s ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/klkernvars.h`` I810_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 i810_state ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c`` TRIDENT_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 trient_state ``sound/oss/trident.c`` M3_CARD_MAGIC 0x646e6f50 m3_card ``sound/oss/maestro3.c`` FW_HEADER_MAGIC 0x65726F66 fw_header ``drivers/atm/fore200e.h`` SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267321 slot ``drivers/hotplug/cpqphp.h`` SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267322 slot ``drivers/hotplug/acpiphp.h`` LO_MAGIC 0x68797548 nbd_device ``include/linux/nbd.h`` M3_STATE_MAGIC 0x734d724d m3_state ``sound/oss/maestro3.c`` VMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654320 snd_alloc_track ``sound/core/memory.c`` KMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654321 snd_alloc_track ``sound/core/memory.c`` PWC_MAGIC 0x89DC10AB pwc_device ``drivers/usb/media/pwc.h`` NBD_REPLY_MAGIC 0x96744668 nbd_reply ``include/linux/nbd.h`` ENI155_MAGIC 0xa54b872d midway_eprom ``drivers/atm/eni.h`` CODA_MAGIC 0xC0DAC0DA coda_file_info ``fs/coda/coda_fs_i.h`` DPMEM_MAGIC 0xc0ffee11 gdt_pci_sram ``drivers/scsi/gdth.h`` YAM_MAGIC 0xF10A7654 yam_port ``drivers/net/hamradio/yam.c`` CCB_MAGIC 0xf2691ad2 ccb ``drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c`` QUEUE_MAGIC_FREE 0xf7e1c9a3 queue_entry ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c`` QUEUE_MAGIC_USED 0xf7e1cc33 queue_entry ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c`` HTB_CMAGIC 0xFEFAFEF1 htb_class ``net/sched/sch_htb.c`` NMI_MAGIC 0x48414d4d455201 nmi_s ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/nmi.h`` ===================== ================ ======================== ========================================== 請注æ„,在è²éŸ³è¨˜æ†¶ç®¡ç†ä¸ä»ç„¶æœ‰ä¸€äº›ç‰¹æ®Šçš„爲æ¯å€‹é©…動定義的é”術值。查看include/sound/sndmagic.h來ç²å–他們完整的列表信æ¯ã€‚很多OSSè²éŸ³é©…å‹•æ“有自己從音效å¡PCI ID構建的é”術值-他們也沒有被列在這裡。 IrDAå系統也使用了大é‡çš„自己的é”術值,查看include/net/irda/irda.h來ç²å–他們完整的信æ¯ã€‚ HFS是å¦å¤–一個比較大的使用é”術值的文件系統-ä½ å¯ä»¥åœ¨fs/hfs/hfs.hä¸æ‰¾åˆ°ä»–們。