ncpfs: move net/ncpfs to drivers/staging/ncpfs

The Netware Core Protocol is a file system that talks to
Netware clients over IPX. Since IPX has been dead for many years
move the file system into sta

ncpfs: move net/ncpfs to drivers/staging/ncpfs

The Netware Core Protocol is a file system that talks to
Netware clients over IPX. Since IPX has been dead for many years
move the file system into staging for eventual interment.

Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <stephen@networkplumber.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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logfs: remove from tree

Logfs was introduced to the kernel in 2009, and hasn't seen any non
drive-by changes since 2012, while having lots of unsolved issues
including the complete lack of error han

logfs: remove from tree

Logfs was introduced to the kernel in 2009, and hasn't seen any non
drive-by changes since 2012, while having lots of unsolved issues
including the complete lack of error handling, with more and more
issues popping up without any fixes.

The logfs.org domain has been bouncing from a mail, and the maintainer
on the non-logfs.org domain hasn't repsonded to past queries either.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

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fs: introduce iomap infrastructure

Add infrastructure for multipage buffered writes. This is implemented
using an main iterator that applies an actor function to a range that
can be written.

This

fs: introduce iomap infrastructure

Add infrastructure for multipage buffered writes. This is implemented
using an main iterator that applies an actor function to a range that
can be written.

This infrastucture is used to implement a buffered write helper, one
to zero file ranges and one to implement the ->page_mkwrite VM
operations. All of them borrow a fair amount of code from fs/buffers.
for now by using an internal version of __block_write_begin that
gets passed an iomap and builds the corresponding buffer head.

The file system is gets a set of paired ->iomap_begin and ->iomap_end
calls which allow it to map/reserve a range and get a notification
once the write code is finished with it.

Based on earlier code from Dave Chinner.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>

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fs crypto: move per-file encryption from f2fs tree to fs/crypto

This patch adds the renamed functions moved from the f2fs crypto files.

1. definitions for per-file encryption used by ext4 and f2fs.

fs crypto: move per-file encryption from f2fs tree to fs/crypto

This patch adds the renamed functions moved from the f2fs crypto files.

1. definitions for per-file encryption used by ext4 and f2fs.

2. crypto.c for encrypt/decrypt functions
a. IO preparation:
- fscrypt_get_ctx / fscrypt_release_ctx
b. before IOs:
- fscrypt_encrypt_page
- fscrypt_decrypt_page
- fscrypt_zeroout_range
c. after IOs:
- fscrypt_decrypt_bio_pages
- fscrypt_pullback_bio_page
- fscrypt_restore_control_page

3. policy.c supporting context management.
a. For ioctls:
- fscrypt_process_policy
- fscrypt_get_policy
b. For context permission
- fscrypt_has_permitted_context
- fscrypt_inherit_context

4. keyinfo.c to handle permissions
- fscrypt_get_encryption_info
- fscrypt_free_encryption_info

5. fname.c to support filename encryption
a. general wrapper functions
- fscrypt_fname_disk_to_usr
- fscrypt_fname_usr_to_disk
- fscrypt_setup_filename
- fscrypt_free_filename

b. specific filename handling functions
- fscrypt_fname_alloc_buffer
- fscrypt_fname_free_buffer

6. Makefile and Kconfig

Cc: Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Ildar Muslukhov <ildarm@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Uday Savagaonkar <savagaon@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>

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mbcache2: rename to mbcache

Since old mbcache code is gone, let's rename new code to mbcache since
number 2 is now meaningless. This is just a mechanical replacement.

Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@

mbcache2: rename to mbcache

Since old mbcache code is gone, let's rename new code to mbcache since
number 2 is now meaningless. This is just a mechanical replacement.

Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

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mbcache: remove mbcache

Both ext2 and ext4 are now converted to mbcache2. Remove the old mbcache
code.

Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

mbcache2: reimplement mbcache

Original mbcache was designed to have more features than what ext?
filesystems ended up using. It supported entry being in more hashes, it
had a home-grown rwlocking of

mbcache2: reimplement mbcache

Original mbcache was designed to have more features than what ext?
filesystems ended up using. It supported entry being in more hashes, it
had a home-grown rwlocking of each entry, and one cache could cache
entries from multiple filesystems. This genericity also resulted in more
complex locking, larger cache entries, and generally more code
complexity.

This is reimplementation of the mbcache functionality to exactly fit the
purpose ext? filesystems use it for. Cache entries are now considerably
smaller (7 instead of 13 longs), the code is considerably smaller as
well (414 vs 913 lines of code), and IMO also simpler. The new code is
also much more lightweight.

I have measured the speed using artificial xattr-bench benchmark, which
spawns P processes, each process sets xattr for F different files, and
the value of xattr is randomly chosen from a pool of V values. Averages
of runtimes for 5 runs for various combinations of parameters are below.
The first value in each cell is old mbache, the second value is the new
mbcache.

V=10
F\P 1 2 4 8 16 32 64
10 0.158,0.157 0.208,0.196 0.500,0.277 0.798,0.400 3.258,0.584 13.807,1.047 61.339,2.803
100 0.172,0.167 0.279,0.222 0.520,0.275 0.825,0.341 2.981,0.505 12.022,1.202 44.641,2.943
1000 0.185,0.174 0.297,0.239 0.445,0.283 0.767,0.340 2.329,0.480 6.342,1.198 16.440,3.888

V=100
F\P 1 2 4 8 16 32 64
10 0.162,0.153 0.200,0.186 0.362,0.257 0.671,0.496 1.433,0.943 3.801,1.345 7.938,2.501
100 0.153,0.160 0.221,0.199 0.404,0.264 0.945,0.379 1.556,0.485 3.761,1.156 7.901,2.484
1000 0.215,0.191 0.303,0.246 0.471,0.288 0.960,0.347 1.647,0.479 3.916,1.176 8.058,3.160

V=1000
F\P 1 2 4 8 16 32 64
10 0.151,0.129 0.210,0.163 0.326,0.245 0.685,0.521 1.284,0.859 3.087,2.251 6.451,4.801
100 0.154,0.153 0.211,0.191 0.276,0.282 0.687,0.506 1.202,0.877 3.259,1.954 8.738,2.887
1000 0.145,0.179 0.202,0.222 0.449,0.319 0.899,0.333 1.577,0.524 4.221,1.240 9.782,3.579

V=10000
F\P 1 2 4 8 16 32 64
10 0.161,0.154 0.198,0.190 0.296,0.256 0.662,0.480 1.192,0.818 2.989,2.200 6.362,4.746
100 0.176,0.174 0.236,0.203 0.326,0.255 0.696,0.511 1.183,0.855 4.205,3.444 19.510,17.760
1000 0.199,0.183 0.240,0.227 1.159,1.014 2.286,2.154 6.023,6.039 ---,10.933 ---,36.620

V=100000
F\P 1 2 4 8 16 32 64
10 0.171,0.162 0.204,0.198 0.285,0.230 0.692,0.500 1.225,0.881 2.990,2.243 6.379,4.771
100 0.151,0.171 0.220,0.210 0.295,0.255 0.720,0.518 1.226,0.844 3.423,2.831 19.234,17.544
1000 0.192,0.189 0.249,0.225 1.162,1.043 2.257,2.093 5.853,4.997 ---,10.399 ---,32.198

We see that the new code is faster in pretty much all the cases and
starting from 4 processes there are significant gains with the new code
resulting in upto 20-times shorter runtimes. Also for large numbers of
cached entries all values for the old code could not be measured as the
kernel started hitting softlockups and died before the test completed.

Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

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Orangefs: kernel client part 7

Signed-off-by: Mike Marshall <hubcap@omnibond.com>

ext4: promote ext4 over ext2 in the default probe order

Prevent clean ext3 filesystems from mounting by default with the ext2
driver (with no journal!) by putting ext4 ahead of ext2 in the default
p

ext4: promote ext4 over ext2 in the default probe order

Prevent clean ext3 filesystems from mounting by default with the ext2
driver (with no journal!) by putting ext4 ahead of ext2 in the default
probe order. This will have the effect of mounting ext2 filesystems
with ext4.ko by default, which is a safer failure than hoping the user
notices that their journalled ext3 is now running without a journal!

Users who require ext2.ko for ext2 can either disable ext4.ko or
explicitly request ext2 via "mount -t ext2" or "rootfstype=ext2".

Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

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userfaultfd: buildsystem activation

This allows to select the userfaultfd during configuration to build it.

Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@pa

userfaultfd: buildsystem activation

This allows to select the userfaultfd during configuration to build it.

Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Sanidhya Kashyap <sanidhya.gatech@gmail.com>
Cc: zhang.zhanghailiang@huawei.com
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Peter Feiner <pfeiner@google.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: "Huangpeng (Peter)" <peter.huangpeng@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

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fs: Remove ext3 filesystem driver

The functionality of ext3 is fully supported by ext4 driver. Major
distributions (SUSE, RedHat) already use ext4 driver to handle ext3
filesystems for quite some ti

fs: Remove ext3 filesystem driver

The functionality of ext3 is fully supported by ext4 driver. Major
distributions (SUSE, RedHat) already use ext4 driver to handle ext3
filesystems for quite some time. There is some ugliness in mm resulting
from jbd cleaning buffers in a dirty page without cleaning page dirty
bit and also support for buffer bouncing in the block layer when stable
pages are required is there only because of jbd. So let's remove the
ext3 driver. This saves us some 28k lines of duplicated code.

Acked-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

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um: Remove hppfs

hppfs (honeypot procfs) was an attempt to use UML as honeypot.
It was never stable nor in heavy use.

As Al Viro and Christoph Hellwig pointed some major issues out
it is better to

um: Remove hppfs

hppfs (honeypot procfs) was an attempt to use UML as honeypot.
It was never stable nor in heavy use.

As Al Viro and Christoph Hellwig pointed some major issues out
it is better to let it die.

Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>

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tracefs: Add new tracefs file system

Add a separate file system to handle the tracing directory. Currently it
is part of debugfs, but that is starting to show its limits.

One thing is that in order

tracefs: Add new tracefs file system

Add a separate file system to handle the tracing directory. Currently it
is part of debugfs, but that is starting to show its limits.

One thing is that in order to access the tracing infrastructure, you need
to mount debugfs. As that includes debugging from all sorts of sub systems
in the kernel, it is not considered advisable to mount such an all
encompassing debugging system.

Having the tracing system in its own file systems gives access to the
tracing sub system without needing to include all other systems.

Another problem with tracing using the debugfs system is that the
instances use mkdir to create sub buffers. debugfs does not support mkdir
from userspace so to implement it, special hacks were used. By controlling
the file system that the tracing infrastructure uses, this can be properly
done without hacks.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

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fs/binfmt_som: Drop kernel support for HP-UX SOM binaries

The parisc arch has been the only user of HP-UX SOM binaries.

Support for HP-UX executables was never finished and since we now drop suppor

fs/binfmt_som: Drop kernel support for HP-UX SOM binaries

The parisc arch has been the only user of HP-UX SOM binaries.

Support for HP-UX executables was never finished and since we now drop support
for the HP-UX compat layer anyway, it does not makes sense to keep the
BINFMT_SOM support.

Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-parisc@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>

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vfs,ext2: remove CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XIP and rename CONFIG_FS_XIP to CONFIG_FS_DAX

The fewer Kconfig options we have the better. Use the generic
CONFIG_FS_DAX to enable XIP support in ext2 as well as in

vfs,ext2: remove CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XIP and rename CONFIG_FS_XIP to CONFIG_FS_DAX

The fewer Kconfig options we have the better. Use the generic
CONFIG_FS_DAX to enable XIP support in ext2 as well as in the core.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <andreas.dilger@intel.com>
Cc: Boaz Harrosh <boaz@plexistor.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

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dax,ext2: replace XIP read and write with DAX I/O

Use the generic AIO infrastructure instead of custom read and write
methods. In addition to giving us support for AIO, this adds the missing
lockin

dax,ext2: replace XIP read and write with DAX I/O

Use the generic AIO infrastructure instead of custom read and write
methods. In addition to giving us support for AIO, this adds the missing
locking between read() and truncate().

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <andreas.dilger@intel.com>
Cc: Boaz Harrosh <boaz@plexistor.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

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take the targets of /proc/*/ns/* symlinks to separate fs

New pseudo-filesystem: nsfs. Targets of /proc/*/ns/* live there now.
It's not mountable (not even registered, so it's not in /proc/filesyste

take the targets of /proc/*/ns/* symlinks to separate fs

New pseudo-filesystem: nsfs. Targets of /proc/*/ns/* live there now.
It's not mountable (not even registered, so it's not in /proc/filesystems,
etc.). Files on it *are* bindable - we explicitly permit that in do_loopback().

This stuff lives in fs/nsfs.c now; proc_ns_fget() moved there as well.
get_proc_ns() is a macro now (it's simply returning ->i_private; would
have been an inline, if not for header ordering headache).
proc_ns_inode() is an ex-parrot. The interface used in procfs is
ns_get_path(path, task, ops) and ns_get_name(buf, size, task, ops).

Dentries and inodes are never hashed; a non-counting reference to dentry
is stashed in ns_common (removed by ->d_prune()) and reused by ns_get_path()
if present. See ns_get_path()/ns_prune_dentry/nsfs_evict() for details
of that mechanism.

As the result, proc_ns_follow_link() has stopped poking in nd->path.mnt;
it does nd_jump_link() on a consistent <vfsmount,dentry> pair it gets
from ns_get_path().

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

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ovl: rename filesystem type to "overlay"

Some distributions carry an "old" format of overlayfs while mainline has a
"new" format.

The distros will possibly want to keep the old overlayfs alongside

ovl: rename filesystem type to "overlay"

Some distributions carry an "old" format of overlayfs while mainline has a
"new" format.

The distros will possibly want to keep the old overlayfs alongside the new
for compatibility reasons.

To make it possible to differentiate the two versions change the name of
the new one from "overlayfs" to "overlay".

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>

show more ...

overlay filesystem

Overlayfs allows one, usually read-write, directory tree to be
overlaid onto another, read-only directory tree. All modifications
go to the upper, writable layer.

This type of m

overlay filesystem

Overlayfs allows one, usually read-write, directory tree to be
overlaid onto another, read-only directory tree. All modifications
go to the upper, writable layer.

This type of mechanism is most often used for live CDs but there's a
wide variety of other uses.

The implementation differs from other "union filesystem"
implementations in that after a file is opened all operations go
directly to the underlying, lower or upper, filesystems. This
simplifies the implementation and allows native performance in these
cases.

The dentry tree is duplicated from the underlying filesystems, this
enables fast cached lookups without adding special support into the
VFS. This uses slightly more memory than union mounts, but dentries
are relatively small.

Currently inodes are duplicated as well, but it is a possible
optimization to share inodes for non-directories.

Opening non directories results in the open forwarded to the
underlying filesystem. This makes the behavior very similar to union
mounts (with the same limitations vs. fchmod/fchown on O_RDONLY file
descriptors).

Usage:

mount -t overlayfs overlayfs -olowerdir=/lower,upperdir=/upper/upper,workdir=/upper/work /overlay

The following cotributions have been folded into this patch:

Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>:
- minimal remount support
- use correct seek function for directories
- initialise is_real before use
- rename ovl_fill_cache to ovl_dir_read

Felix Fietkau <nbd@openwrt.org>:
- fix a deadlock in ovl_dir_read_merged
- fix a deadlock in ovl_remove_whiteouts

Erez Zadok <ezk@fsl.cs.sunysb.edu>
- fix cleanup after WARN_ON

Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@googlemail.com>
- fix up permission to confirm to new API

Robin Dong <hao.bigrat@gmail.com>
- fix possible leak in ovl_new_inode
- create new inode in ovl_link

Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
- switch to __inode_permission()
- copy up i_uid/i_gid from the underlying inode

AV:
- ovl_copy_up_locked() - dput(ERR_PTR(...)) on two failure exits
- ovl_clear_empty() - one failure exit forgetting to do unlock_rename(),
lack of check for udir being the parent of upper, dropping and regaining
the lock on udir (which would require _another_ check for parent being
right).
- bogus d_drop() in copyup and rename [fix from your mail]
- copyup/remove and copyup/rename races [fix from your mail]
- ovl_dir_fsync() leaving ERR_PTR() in ->realfile
- ovl_entry_free() is pointless - it's just a kfree_rcu()
- fold ovl_do_lookup() into ovl_lookup()
- manually assigning ->d_op is wrong. Just use ->s_d_op.
[patches picked from Miklos]:
* copyup/remove and copyup/rename races
* bogus d_drop() in copyup and rename

Also thanks to the following people for testing and reporting bugs:

Jordi Pujol <jordipujolp@gmail.com>
Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Michal Suchanek <hramrach@centrum.cz>
Felix Fietkau <nbd@openwrt.org>
Erez Zadok <ezk@fsl.cs.sunysb.edu>
Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>

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take fs_pin stuff to fs/*

Add a new field to fs_pin - kill(pin). That's what umount and r/o remount
will be calling for all pins attached to vfsmount and superblock resp.
Called after bumping the r

take fs_pin stuff to fs/*

Add a new field to fs_pin - kill(pin). That's what umount and r/o remount
will be calling for all pins attached to vfsmount and superblock resp.
Called after bumping the refcount, so it won't go away under us. Dropping
the refcount is responsibility of the instance. All generic stuff moved to
fs/fs_pin.c; the next step will rip all the knowledge of kernel/acct.c from
fs/super.c and fs/namespace.c. After that - death to mnt_pin(); it was
intended to be usable as generic mechanism for code that wants to attach
objects to vfsmount, so that they would not make the sucker busy and
would get killed on umount. Never got it right; it remained acct.c-specific
all along. Now it's very close to being killable.

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

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block: move ioprio.c from fs/ to block/

Like commit f9c78b2b, move this block related file outside
of fs/ and into the core block directory, block/.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

block: move bio.c and bio-integrity.c from fs/ to block/

They really belong in block/, especially now since it's not in
drivers/block/ anymore. Additionally, the get_maintainer script
gets it wrong

block: move bio.c and bio-integrity.c from fs/ to block/

They really belong in block/, especially now since it's not in
drivers/block/ anymore. Additionally, the get_maintainer script
gets it wrong when in fs/.

Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

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kernfs: add CONFIG_KERNFS

As sysfs was kernfs's only user, kernfs has been piggybacking on
CONFIG_SYSFS; however, kernfs is scheduled to grow a new user very
soon. Introduce a separate config optio

kernfs: add CONFIG_KERNFS

As sysfs was kernfs's only user, kernfs has been piggybacking on
CONFIG_SYSFS; however, kernfs is scheduled to grow a new user very
soon. Introduce a separate config option CONFIG_KERNFS which is to be
selected by kernfs users.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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fs: remove generic_acl

And instead convert tmpfs to use the new generic ACL code, with two stub
methods provided for in-memory filesystems.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-

fs: remove generic_acl

And instead convert tmpfs to use the new generic ACL code, with two stub
methods provided for in-memory filesystems.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

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