Merge branch 'upstream' into bugfix-video

Update bugfix-video branch to 2.5-rc1
so I don't have to again resolve the
conflict in these patches vs. upstream.

Conflicts:
drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/psb_d

Merge branch 'upstream' into bugfix-video

Update bugfix-video branch to 2.5-rc1
so I don't have to again resolve the
conflict in these patches vs. upstream.

Conflicts:
drivers/gpu/drm/gma500/psb_drv.c

text conflict: add comment vs delete neighboring line

keep just this:
/* igd_opregion_init(&dev_priv->opregion_dev); */
/* acpi_video_register(); */

Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

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Merge tag 'upstream-3.5-rc1' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-ubifs

Pull UBI and UBIFS updates from Artem Bityutskiy:

UBIFS:
* Always support xattrs (remove the Kconfig option)
* Always su

Merge tag 'upstream-3.5-rc1' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-ubifs

Pull UBI and UBIFS updates from Artem Bityutskiy:

UBIFS:
* Always support xattrs (remove the Kconfig option)
* Always support debugging (remove the Kconfig option)
* A fix for a memory leak on error path
* A number of clean-ups
UBI:
* Always support debugging (remove the Kconfig option)
* Remove "data type" hint support
* Huge amount of renames to prepare for the fastmap wor
* A lot of clean-ups

* tag 'upstream-3.5-rc1' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-ubifs: (54 commits)
UBI: modify ubi_wl_flush function to clear work queue for a lnum
UBI: introduce UBI_ALL constant
UBI: add lnum and vol_id to struct ubi_work
UBI: add volume id struct ubi_ainf_peb
UBI: add in hex the value for UBI_INTERNAL_VOL_START to comment
UBI: rename scan.c to attach.c
UBI: remove scan.h
UBI: rename UBI_SCAN_UNKNOWN_EC
UBI: move and rename attach_by_scanning
UBI: rename _init_scan functions
UBI: amend comments after all the renamings
UBI: rename ubi_scan_leb_slab
UBI: rename ubi_scan_move_to_list
UBI: rename ubi_scan_destroy_ai
UBI: rename ubi_scan_get_free_peb
UBI: rename ubi_scan_rm_volume
UBI: rename ubi_scan_find_av
UBI: rename ubi_scan_add_used
UBI: remove unused function
UBI: make ubi_scan_erase_peb static and rename
...

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UBI: rename scan.c to attach.c

Finally, rename the scan.c file. Now adding fastmap support won't look that
hacky anymore.

Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>

UBI: always dump flash contents in case of errors

UBI (and UBIFS) are a bit over-engineered WRT debugging. The idea was to
link as few as possible when debugging is disabled, but the downside is
tha

UBI: always dump flash contents in case of errors

UBI (and UBIFS) are a bit over-engineered WRT debugging. The idea was to
link as few as possible when debugging is disabled, but the downside is
that most people produce bug reports which are difficult to understand.

Always dump the flash contents in case of errors, not only when debugging is
enabled.

Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>

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Merge branch 'tracing/core' into tracing/hw-breakpoints

Conflicts:
arch/Kconfig
kernel/trace/trace.h

Merge reason: resolve the conflicts, plus adopt to the new
ring-buffer APIs.

Si

Merge branch 'tracing/core' into tracing/hw-breakpoints

Conflicts:
arch/Kconfig
kernel/trace/trace.h

Merge reason: resolve the conflicts, plus adopt to the new
ring-buffer APIs.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

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Merge branch 'topic/asoc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound-2.6 into upstream/wm8711

Merge branch 'next' into for-linus

Merge branch 'dmaengine' into async-tx-next

Conflicts:
crypto/async_tx/async_xor.c
drivers/dma/ioat/dma_v2.h
drivers/dma/ioat/pci.c
drivers/md/raid5.c

Merge commit 'v2.6.31-rc1' into dmaengine

Merge commit 'v2.6.31-rc7' into x86/cpu

Merge branch 'for-2.6.32' into mxc

Conflicts:
sound/soc/Makefile

Merge commit 'v2.6.31-rc4' into next

Merge commit 'v2.6.31-rc3'; commit 'tip/oprofile' into oprofile/core

Conflicts:
drivers/oprofile/oprofile_stats.c
drivers/usb/otg/Kconfig
drivers/usb/otg/Makefile

Signed-off-by: Robert Richter <

Merge commit 'v2.6.31-rc3'; commit 'tip/oprofile' into oprofile/core

Conflicts:
drivers/oprofile/oprofile_stats.c
drivers/usb/otg/Kconfig
drivers/usb/otg/Makefile

Signed-off-by: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>

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Merge branch 'linus' into sched/core

Merge reason: we will merge a dependent patch.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Merge branch 'master' into next

Merge commit 'origin/master' into next

Merge branch 'linux-next' of git://git.infradead.org/ubi-2.6

* 'linux-next' of git://git.infradead.org/ubi-2.6: (21 commits)
UBI: add reboot notifier
UBI: handle more error codes
UBI: fix mult

Merge branch 'linux-next' of git://git.infradead.org/ubi-2.6

* 'linux-next' of git://git.infradead.org/ubi-2.6: (21 commits)
UBI: add reboot notifier
UBI: handle more error codes
UBI: fix multiple spelling typos
UBI: fix kmem_cache_free on error patch
UBI: print amount of reserved PEBs
UBI: improve messages in the WL worker
UBI: make gluebi a separate module
UBI: remove built-in gluebi
UBI: add notification API
UBI: do not switch to R/O mode on read errors
UBI: fix and clean-up error paths in WL worker
UBI: introduce new constants
UBI: fix race condition
UBI: minor serialization fix
UBI: do not panic if volume check fails
UBI: add dump_stack in checking code
UBI: fix races in I/O debugging checks
UBI: small debugging code optimization
UBI: improve debugging messages
UBI: re-name volumes_mutex to device_mutex
...

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UBI: make gluebi a separate module

[Artem: re-worked the patch: made it release resources when the
module is unloaded, made it do module referencing, made it really
independent on UBI, tested it wit

UBI: make gluebi a separate module

[Artem: re-worked the patch: made it release resources when the
module is unloaded, made it do module referencing, made it really
independent on UBI, tested it with the UBI test-suite which can
be found in ubi-2.6.git/tests/ubi-tests, re-named most of the
funcs/variables to get rid of the "ubi" word and make names
consistent.]

Signed-off-by: Dmitry Pervushin <dpervushin@embeddedalley.com>
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>

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Merge /pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6

Merge master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6

Conflicts:

drivers/usb/input/Makefile
drivers/usb/input/gtco.c

Merge branch 'linux-2.6' into for-2.6.22

Merge branch 'master' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6

Conflicts:

drivers/mtd/Kconfig

Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>

Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.infradead.org/ubi-2.6

* 'for-linus' of git://git.infradead.org/ubi-2.6:
UBI: remove unused variable
UBI: add me to MAINTAINERS
JFFS2: add UBI support
UB

Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.infradead.org/ubi-2.6

* 'for-linus' of git://git.infradead.org/ubi-2.6:
UBI: remove unused variable
UBI: add me to MAINTAINERS
JFFS2: add UBI support
UBI: Unsorted Block Images

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UBI: Unsorted Block Images

UBI (Latin: "where?") manages multiple logical volumes on a single
flash device, specifically supporting NAND flash devices. UBI provides
a flexible partitioning concept w

UBI: Unsorted Block Images

UBI (Latin: "where?") manages multiple logical volumes on a single
flash device, specifically supporting NAND flash devices. UBI provides
a flexible partitioning concept which still allows for wear-levelling
across the whole flash device.

In a sense, UBI may be compared to the Logical Volume Manager
(LVM). Whereas LVM maps logical sector numbers to physical HDD sector
numbers, UBI maps logical eraseblocks to physical eraseblocks.

More information may be found at
http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/doc/ubi.html

Partitioning/Re-partitioning

An UBI volume occupies a certain number of erase blocks. This is
limited by a configured maximum volume size, which could also be
viewed as the partition size. Each individual UBI volume's size can
be changed independently of the other UBI volumes, provided that the
sum of all volume sizes doesn't exceed a certain limit.

UBI supports dynamic volumes and static volumes. Static volumes are
read-only and their contents are protected by CRC check sums.

Bad eraseblocks handling

UBI transparently handles bad eraseblocks. When a physical
eraseblock becomes bad, it is substituted by a good physical
eraseblock, and the user does not even notice this.

Scrubbing

On a NAND flash bit flips can occur on any write operation,
sometimes also on read. If bit flips persist on the device, at first
they can still be corrected by ECC, but once they accumulate,
correction will become impossible. Thus it is best to actively scrub
the affected eraseblock, by first copying it to a free eraseblock
and then erasing the original. The UBI layer performs this type of
scrubbing under the covers, transparently to the UBI volume users.

Erase Counts

UBI maintains an erase count header per eraseblock. This frees
higher-level layers (like file systems) from doing this and allows
for centralized erase count management instead. The erase counts are
used by the wear-levelling algorithm in the UBI layer. The algorithm
itself is exchangeable.

Booting from NAND

For booting directly from NAND flash the hardware must at least be
capable of fetching and executing a small portion of the NAND
flash. Some NAND flash controllers have this kind of support. They
usually limit the window to a few kilobytes in erase block 0. This
"initial program loader" (IPL) must then contain sufficient logic to
load and execute the next boot phase.

Due to bad eraseblocks, which may be randomly scattered over the
flash device, it is problematic to store the "secondary program
loader" (SPL) statically. Also, due to bit-flips it may become
corrupted over time. UBI allows to solve this problem gracefully by
storing the SPL in a small static UBI volume.

UBI volumes vs. static partitions

UBI volumes are still very similar to static MTD partitions:

* both consist of eraseblocks (logical eraseblocks in case of UBI
volumes, and physical eraseblocks in case of static partitions;
* both support three basic operations - read, write, erase.

But UBI volumes have the following advantages over traditional
static MTD partitions:

* there are no eraseblock wear-leveling constraints in case of UBI
volumes, so the user should not care about this;
* there are no bit-flips and bad eraseblocks in case of UBI volumes.

So, UBI volumes may be considered as flash devices with relaxed
restrictions.

Where can it be found?

Documentation, kernel code and applications can be found in the MTD
gits.

What are the applications for?

The applications help to create binary flash images for two purposes: pfi
files (partial flash images) for in-system update of UBI volumes, and plain
binary images, with or without OOB data in case of NAND, for a manufacturing
step. Furthermore some tools are/and will be created that allow flash content
analysis after a system has crashed..

Who did UBI?

The original ideas, where UBI is based on, were developed by Andreas
Arnez, Frank Haverkamp and Thomas Gleixner. Josh W. Boyer and some others
were involved too. The implementation of the kernel layer was done by Artem
B. Bityutskiy. The user-space applications and tools were written by Oliver
Lohmann with contributions from Frank Haverkamp, Andreas Arnez, and Artem.
Joern Engel contributed a patch which modifies JFFS2 so that it can be run on
a UBI volume. Thomas Gleixner did modifications to the NAND layer. Alexander
Schmidt made some testing work as well as core functionality improvements.

Signed-off-by: Artem B. Bityutskiy <dedekind@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>

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